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id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Salva Kiir Mayardit</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Salva Kiir">Salva Kiir</a>)</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Kiir" redirects here. For the river, see <a href="/wiki/Bahr_al-Arab" title="Bahr al-Arab">Bahr al-Arab</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article contains a <a href="/wiki/Dinka_people" title="Dinka people">Dinka</a> name. According to Dinka custom, this person is properly addressed by the name Kiir.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Salva Kiir Mayardit (born 13 September 1951),<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> commonly known as Salva Kiir, is a <a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese" class="mw-redirect" title="South Sudanese">South Sudanese</a> politician who has been the <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="President of South Sudan">President of South Sudan</a> since its independence on 9 July 2011. Prior to independence, he was the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> of the Government of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Sudan_Autonomous_Region_(2005%E2%80%932011)" title="Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011)">Southern Sudan</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Sudan" title="Vice President of Sudan">First Vice President of Sudan</a>, from 2005 to 2011. He was named Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan People's Liberation Army">Sudan People's Liberation Army</a> (SPLA) in 2005, following the death of <a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Salva Kiir Mayardit</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit,_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="684"></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Kiir in 2014</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="President of South Sudan">President of South Sudan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 9 July 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Vice President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar">Riek Machar</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Wani_Igga" title="James Wani Igga">James Wani Igga</a> <a href="/wiki/Taban_Deng_Gai" title="Taban Deng Gai">Taban Deng Gai</a> <a href="/wiki/Hussein_Abdelbagi" title="Hussein Abdelbagi">Hussein Abdelbagi</a> <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Nyandeng_De_Mabior" title="Rebecca Nyandeng De Mabior">Rebecca Nyandeng De Mabior</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Sudan_Autonomous_Region_(2005%E2%80%932011)" title="Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011)">Southern Sudan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 30 July 2005 – 9 July 2011 Acting: 30 July 2005 – 11 August 2005</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Vice President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Riek_Machar_Teny" class="mw-redirect" title="Riek Machar Teny">Riek Machar Teny</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position abolished</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Sudan" title="Vice President of Sudan">First Vice President of Sudan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 11 August 2005 – 9 July 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Osman_Taha" title="Ali Osman Taha">Ali Osman Taha</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Vice President of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Sudan_Autonomous_Region_(2005%E2%80%932011)" title="Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011)">Southern Sudan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 9 July 2005 – 11 August 2005</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Riek_Machar_Teny" class="mw-redirect" title="Riek Machar Teny">Riek Machar Teny</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1951-09-13) 13 September 1951 (age 73) <a href="/wiki/Gogrial" title="Gogrial">Akon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Anglo-Egyptian Sudan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement">Sudan People's Liberation Movement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Ayen Mayardit Aluel William Nyuon Bany<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sn_anyaanya1.PNG/22px-Sn_anyaanya1.PNG" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sn_anyaanya1.PNG/33px-Sn_anyaanya1.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sn_anyaanya1.PNG/44px-Sn_anyaanya1.PNG 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="216"> <a href="/wiki/Anyanya" title="Anyanya">Anyanya</a> (1967–1972) <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Sudan" title="Democratic Republic of Sudan">Democratic Republic of Sudan</a> (1972–1983) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_South_Sudan_%282011%E2%80%932023%2C_tilted_star%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Sudan_%282011%E2%80%932023%2C_tilted_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_South_Sudan_%282011%E2%80%932023%2C_tilted_star%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Sudan_%282011%E2%80%932023%2C_tilted_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_South_Sudan_%282011%E2%80%932023%2C_tilted_star%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Sudan_%282011%E2%80%932023%2C_tilted_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan People's Liberation Army">SPLA</a> (1983–2011) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570"> <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> (since 2011)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1967–2011</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data">Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan_People%27s_Defence_Forces" title="South Sudan People's Defence Forces">South Sudan People's Defence Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan People's Liberation Army">Sudan People's Liberation Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Anyanya" title="Anyanya">Anyanya Battalion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="First Sudanese Civil War">First Sudanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Thunderbolt_(1997)" title="Operation Thunderbolt (1997)">Operation Thunderbolt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">South Sudanese Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Kiir was born to the <a href="/wiki/Dinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinka">Dinka</a> ethnic group and joined <a href="/wiki/Anyanya" title="Anyanya">Anyanya</a> rebels fighting for Southern independence during the <a href="/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="First Sudanese Civil War">First Sudanese Civil War</a> in the late 1960s. Following the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> in 1983, Kiir joined the new <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement">Sudan People's Liberation Movement</a> (SPLM) rebel group led by <a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a> as a member of its armed wing, the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_People%27s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese People's Liberation Army">Sudanese People's Liberation Army</a> (SPLA), eventually becoming the head of the SPLA. Following the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Peace_Agreement" title="Comprehensive Peace Agreement">Comprehensive Peace Agreement</a>, the South gained <a href="/wiki/Southern_Sudan_Autonomous_Region_(2005%E2%80%932011)" title="Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011)">autonomy</a> under the leadership of Garang in July 2005. Following Garang's death at the end of the month, Kiir became the new President of the Southern Autonomous region, as well as First Vice President of the central government. Kiir won re-election as President following the <a href="/wiki/2010_South_Sudanese_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 South Sudanese general election">2010 South Sudanese general election</a>. The following year, South Sudan gained independence after the <a href="/wiki/2011_South_Sudanese_independence_referendum" title="2011 South Sudanese independence referendum">2011 South Sudanese independence referendum</a> with Kiir as its inaugural President. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life">1 Early life</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Military_career_and_role_in_the_Sudanese_civil_wars">2 Military career and role in the Sudanese civil wars</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#South_Sudanese_politics">3 South Sudanese politics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Presidency">4 Presidency</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Domestic_policy">4.1 Domestic policy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Consolidation_of_power">4.1.1 Consolidation of power</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Murder_and_torture_of_journalists">4.1.2 Murder and torture of journalists</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Foreign_policy_%5B26%5D">4.2 Foreign policy [26]</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Heglig_crisis_and_war_with_Sudan">4.2.1 Heglig crisis and war with Sudan</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Political_crisis">4.3 Political crisis</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Assassination_plot">4.4 Assassination plot</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Business_interests">4.5 Business interests</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#South_Sudan_famine">4.6 South Sudan famine</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Personal_life">5 Personal life</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Stetson_hat">5.1 Stetson hat</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Marriage_controversy">5.2 Marriage controversy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Religion">5.3 Religion</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References">6 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Works_cited">6.1 Works cited</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#External_links">7 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Kiir was born in 1951 into a pastoral <a href="/wiki/Dinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinka">Dinka</a> family in the village of Akon in the Awan-Chan Dinka community in <a href="/wiki/Gogrial" title="Gogrial">Gogrial</a> County, South <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Sudan</a>, as the eighth of nine children (six boys and three girls) in the family.<a href="#cite_note-PW-5">[5]</a> His father, Kuethpiny Thiik Atem (d. 2007), was a cattle herder who belonged to Payum clan.<a href="#cite_note-PW-5">[5]</a> Atem had three wives, Awiei Rou Wol, Adut Makuei Piol and Awien Akoon Deng, along with 16 children.<a href="#cite_note-PW-5">[5]</a> Kiir's mother, Awiei Rou Wol Tong was a farmer, who belonged to the Payii clan.<a href="#cite_note-PW-5">[5]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Military_career_and_role_in_the_Sudanese_civil_wars">Military career and role in the Sudanese civil wars</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military career and role in the Sudanese civil wars" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salva_Kiir-3,_by_Stein_Ove_Korneliussen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Salva_Kiir-3%2C_by_Stein_Ove_Korneliussen.jpg/220px-Salva_Kiir-3%2C_by_Stein_Ove_Korneliussen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="547"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 301px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Salva_Kiir-3%2C_by_Stein_Ove_Korneliussen.jpg/220px-Salva_Kiir-3%2C_by_Stein_Ove_Korneliussen.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="301" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Salva_Kiir-3%2C_by_Stein_Ove_Korneliussen.jpg/330px-Salva_Kiir-3%2C_by_Stein_Ove_Korneliussen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Salva_Kiir-3%2C_by_Stein_Ove_Korneliussen.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Salva Kiir Mayardit in <a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">military uniform</a></figcaption></figure> In 1967, Kiir joined the <a href="/wiki/Anyanya" title="Anyanya">Anyanya</a> rebel group in the <a href="/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="First Sudanese Civil War">First Sudanese Civil War</a>. By the time of the 1972 <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_Agreement_(1972)" title="Addis Ababa Agreement (1972)">Addis Ababa Agreement</a>, he was a low-ranking officer and was integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Armed_Forces" title="Sudanese Armed Forces">Sudanese Armed Forces</a> as per the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-6">[6]</a> In 1983, when <a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a> joined an army <a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">mutiny</a> he had been sent to put down, Kiir and other Southern leaders defected to the rebel <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan_People%27s_Defence_Forces" title="South Sudan People's Defence Forces">Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement</a> (SPLA/M) in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">second civil war</a>. Garang had advanced military knowledge and experience from both the United States and Sudan, and Kiir served as his deputy.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In 1997, Kiir commanded the SPLA troops that took part in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Thunderbolt_(1997)" title="Operation Thunderbolt (1997)">Operation Thunderbolt</a>, a very successful rebel offensive during which most of <a href="/wiki/Western_Equatoria" title="Western Equatoria">Western Equatoria</a> was captured by the SPLA.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeRicheArnold2013104-8">[8]</a> Kiir eventually rose to head the SPLA, the SPLM's military wing, when Dr. John Garang was killed in a helicopter crash. Rumours to remove Kiir from his post as SPLA Chief of Staff in 2004 nearly caused the organization to split.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-6">[6]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="South_Sudanese_politics">South Sudanese politics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: South Sudanese politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Following the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Peace_Agreement" title="Comprehensive Peace Agreement">Comprehensive Peace Agreement</a> formally ending the <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a> in January 2005, Garang was sworn in as the Vice President of the Republic of Sudan. After the death of John Garang De in a helicopter crash on 30 July 2005, Kiir was chosen to succeed to the post of First <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Sudan" title="Vice President of Sudan">Vice President of Sudan</a> and President of Southern Sudan. Before independence, Kiir was popular among the military wing of the SPLA/M for his loyalty to the vision of the <a href="/wiki/SPLA/M" class="mw-redirect" title="SPLA/M">SPLA/M</a> throughout the liberation struggle and among those who do not trust the successive governments that have come and gone in the Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-6">[6]</a> Comments by Kiir in October 2009 that the forthcoming independence referendum was a choice between being "a second class in your own country" or "a free person in your <a href="/wiki/Independent_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent States">independent state"</a> were expected to further strain political tensions.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Reports in January 2010 that Kiir would not contest April elections for Sudanese president, but would focus on re-election as president of Southern Sudan were interpreted to mean that the SPLM priority was independence.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Kiir was re-elected with 93% of the vote in the <a href="/wiki/2010_South_Sudanese_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 South Sudanese general election">2010 South Sudanese election</a>. Although the vote on both the national and sub-national level was criticized by democratic activists and international observers, the overwhelming margin of Kiir's re-election was noted by some media as being "Step One" in the process of secession.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Following his re-election, <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> reappointed Kiir as the First Vice President of <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> in accordance with the interim constitution.<a href="#cite_note-sudantribune-12">[12]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Presidency">Presidency</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Presidency" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Sudan" title="Human rights in South Sudan">Human rights in South Sudan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Welcome_to_the_neighbourhood_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Welcome_to_the_neighbourhood_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-Welcome_to_the_neighbourhood_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="431"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Welcome_to_the_neighbourhood_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-Welcome_to_the_neighbourhood_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Welcome_to_the_neighbourhood_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/330px-Welcome_to_the_neighbourhood_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Welcome_to_the_neighbourhood_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/440px-Welcome_to_the_neighbourhood_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> (right), <a href="/wiki/President_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Sudan">President of Sudan</a>, watches a ceremony celebrating the founding of South Sudan with Kiir in 2011.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_voting_in_southern_Sudan_referendum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/President_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_voting_in_southern_Sudan_referendum.jpg/220px-President_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_voting_in_southern_Sudan_referendum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="576"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/President_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_voting_in_southern_Sudan_referendum.jpg/220px-President_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_voting_in_southern_Sudan_referendum.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/President_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_voting_in_southern_Sudan_referendum.jpg/330px-President_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_voting_in_southern_Sudan_referendum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/President_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_voting_in_southern_Sudan_referendum.jpg/440px-President_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_voting_in_southern_Sudan_referendum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Kiir voting in the <a href="/wiki/2011_South_Sudanese_independence_referendum" title="2011 South Sudanese independence referendum">2011 South Sudanese independence referendum</a></figcaption></figure> South Sudanese voted overwhelmingly in favor of their independence from Sudan in January 2011, with 98.83% of voters reportedly preferring to split from the North.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> On 9 July 2011, <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> became an independent state, with Kiir as its first president. Kiir positioned himself as a reformer, using his inaugural address to call for the South Sudanese people "to forgive though we shall not forget" injustices imposed at the hands of the northern Sudanese over the preceding decades<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> and announce a general amnesty for South Sudanese groups that had warred against the SPLM in the past.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> A few weeks later, he publicly addressed members of the military and police to warn them that rape, torture, and other <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violation" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violation">human rights violations</a> carried out by armed personnel would be considered criminal acts and prosecuted aggressively by the Ministry of Justice.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> His presidency was characterized as a period of reconstruction, albeit one marred by internal and foreign disputes. Among these were the <a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a>, which caused a border war with <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, and an internal political crisis in which attempts were made to overthrow him. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Domestic policy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On 18 June 2013, Kiir issued an order lifting the immunity of two ministers in the national government pending investigations into an alleged corruption case in which they appeared to be implicated. He also issued an order suspending Cabinet Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Deng_Alor_Kuol" title="Deng Alor Kuol">Deng Alor Kuol</a> and Finance Minister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosti_Manibe_Ngai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosti Manibe Ngai (page does not exist)">Kosti Manibe Ngai</a> from their duties during the entire duration of the probe. In July 2013, Kiir sacked his entire cabinet, including his vice president, <a href="/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar">Riek Machar</a>, ostensibly to reduce the size of government. However, Machar said that it was a step towards <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">dictatorship</a> and that he would challenge Kiir for the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> He also dismissed <a href="/wiki/Taban_Deng_Gai" title="Taban Deng Gai">Taban Deng Gai</a> as Governor of Unity State. Kiir told Radio Netherlands Worldwide that <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> is not in the "character" of Southern Sudanese people. "It is not even something that anybody can talk about here in southern Sudan in particular. It is not there and if anybody wants to import or to export it to <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>, it will not get the support and it will always be condemned by everybody," he said. He then went on to refer to homosexuality as a "mental disease" and a "bastion of Western immorality".<a href="#cite_note-RNW-18">[18]</a> In December 2011, 6,000 <a href="/wiki/Lou_Nuer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lou Nuer">Lou Nuer</a> armed <a href="/wiki/Child_soldier" class="mw-redirect" title="Child soldier">child soldiers</a> attacked <a href="/wiki/Murle_people" title="Murle people">Murle</a> communities. According to investigations carried out by the UN, 800 people from both ethnic groups were killed between December 2011 and February 2012, while women and children were abducted and property was looted and destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a> Unbeknownst to large numbers of or the entire child soldier population, Kiir planned and had decided to agree to warlike stipends from the Obama administration beginning in 2012, regardless of an American law prohibiting aid to nations utilizing child soldiers created and passed in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> A lack of accountability and justice pertaining to the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_investigation" title="Criminal investigation">investigation</a>, arrest and prosecution of the individuals who carried out the violence against civilians of both the Nuer and Murle ethnic groups is widely believed to have contributed massively to, if not categorically, the <a href="/wiki/Mass_murder" title="Mass murder">mass murders</a>, as well as the continued perpetration of the ethnic violence.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a> Kiir established a <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">figurehead</a> "Investigation Committee" with an ostentatious <a href="/wiki/Mandate_(politics)" title="Mandate (politics)">mandate</a> to investigate those responsible for the mass murders and murders, but as of January 2013 no finances had been allocated to the "Investigation Committee" or any of its members sworn in to commence the investigation and bring those to justice.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a> Throughout the <a href="/wiki/Jonglei" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonglei">Jonglei</a> <a href="/wiki/Disarmament" title="Disarmament">disarmament</a> "Operation Restore Peace" which began in March 2012 and continued throughout the year, soldiers were ordered to and assumed the responsibility of <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">extrajudicial killings</a>, severe <a href="/wiki/Battery_(crime)" title="Battery (crime)">beatings</a>, binding people with rope, and torture to <a href="/wiki/Forced_confession" title="Forced confession">extract "information"</a> regarding the whereabouts of weapons. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Consolidation_of_power">Consolidation of power</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Consolidation of power" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> After rumors about a planned <a href="/wiki/Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup">coup</a> surfaced in <a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a> in late 2012, Kiir began reorganizing the senior leadership of his government, party and military on an unprecedented scale. In January 2013, he replaced the inspector general of the national police service with a lieutenant from the army, and dismissed six deputy chiefs of staff and 29 major generals in the army. In February 2013 Kiir retired an additional 117 <a href="/wiki/Army_generals" class="mw-redirect" title="Army generals">army generals</a> but this was viewed as troublesome in regards to a power grab by others. Kiir had also suggested that his rivals were trying to revive the rifts that had provoked infighting in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-guardian20130724-21">[21]</a> On 7 May 2013 Kiir dismissed legal advisor Justice <a href="/wiki/Ajonye_Perpetua" title="Ajonye Perpetua">Ajonye Perpetua</a> and deputy Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Elias_Nyamlell_Wako" title="Elias Nyamlell Wako">Elias Nyamlell Wako</a>. Kiir had announced that he would no longer tolerate criticism by members of his cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-crisiswatch201305-22">[22]</a> In July, Kiir sacked his entire cabinet, leading experts to warn of upcoming "a full-blown catastrophe".<a href="#cite_note-guardian20130724-21">[21]</a> In December 2013, Kiir accused his vice President and other Party members of plotting a coup, leading him to arrest those politicians.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Murder_and_torture_of_journalists">Murder and torture of journalists</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Murder and torture of journalists" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Moi Peter Julius, who was a political reporter for a South Sudanese newspaper The Corporate, was found murdered late on the night of 19 August 2015 in a residential area of <a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a> after being shot twice from behind. His murder was committed three days after Kiir publicly and officially threatened journalists, stating that "freedom of the press does not mean that you work against your country. If anybody does not know that this country will kill people, we will demonstrate on them."<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Earlier in 2015, five journalists by the names of Musa Mohamed (the director of the state-run radio station Raja FM), Adam Juma (reporter and presenter for Raja FM), Dalia Marko and Randa George (reporters for Raja FM), and Boutros Martin (a cameraman for the Western Bahr el Ghazal of South Sudan Television) had been murdered while traveling as part of a convoy, along with six other people. Tom Rhodes of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_to_Protect_Journalists" title="Committee to Protect Journalists">Committee to Protect Journalists</a> stated after the murders that "The murder of five journalists is a devastating attack on South Sudan's already beleaguered press corps," and that "We urge Western Bahr el Ghazal authorities to do their utmost to identify the perpetrators and bring them to justice, and to ensure journalists are allowed to carry out their duties safely."<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> At present, none of the parties responsible for ordering the murders or perpetrators of the crimes have been arrested, charged, or convicted.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In December 2022, Kiir lost control of his bladder and involuntarily urinated into his clothing during a road opening ceremony. Six staff of the South Sudan Broadcasting Corporation were subsequently arrested on 7 January 2023 in relation to video of the urination, which was widely distributed online. The last of the journalists was eventually released on the 18th of March 2023 without charge. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy_[26]">Foreign policy <a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Foreign policy [26]" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit,_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan.jpg/220px-President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3960" data-file-height="2640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan.jpg/220px-President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan.jpg/330px-President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan.jpg/440px-President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_President_of_the_Republic_of_South_Sudan.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Kiir with US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in Washington, D.C., 5 August 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_President_of_South_Sudan,_Mr._Salva_Kiir_Mayardit,_in_New_Delhi_on_October_30,_2015_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_President_of_South_Sudan%2C_Mr._Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_October_30%2C_2015_%281%29.jpg/220px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_President_of_South_Sudan%2C_Mr._Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_October_30%2C_2015_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="541"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_President_of_South_Sudan%2C_Mr._Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_October_30%2C_2015_%281%29.jpg/220px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_President_of_South_Sudan%2C_Mr._Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_October_30%2C_2015_%281%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_President_of_South_Sudan%2C_Mr._Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_October_30%2C_2015_%281%29.jpg/330px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_President_of_South_Sudan%2C_Mr._Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_October_30%2C_2015_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_President_of_South_Sudan%2C_Mr._Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_October_30%2C_2015_%281%29.jpg/440px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_President_of_South_Sudan%2C_Mr._Salva_Kiir_Mayardit%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_October_30%2C_2015_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Kiir with Indian <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>, 30 October 2016</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Africa_Summit_in_Sochi_(2019-10-24).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Russia-Africa_Summit_in_Sochi_%282019-10-24%29.jpg/220px-Russia-Africa_Summit_in_Sochi_%282019-10-24%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Russia-Africa_Summit_in_Sochi_%282019-10-24%29.jpg/220px-Russia-Africa_Summit_in_Sochi_%282019-10-24%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Russia-Africa_Summit_in_Sochi_%282019-10-24%29.jpg/330px-Russia-Africa_Summit_in_Sochi_%282019-10-24%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Russia-Africa_Summit_in_Sochi_%282019-10-24%29.jpg/440px-Russia-Africa_Summit_in_Sochi_%282019-10-24%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Kiir at the <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Africa_Summit_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia–Africa Summit 2019">Russia–Africa Summit 2019</a> in Sochi on 24 October 2019</figcaption></figure> In mid-October 2011, Kiir announced South Sudan had applied for accession to the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a>. He declared the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a> to be "at the center of our hearts" due to its members' support of South Sudan during the Sudanese civil wars.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> On 20 December 2011, Kiir <a href="/wiki/Israel-South_Sudan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-South Sudan relations">visited</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> to thank it for its support during the <a href="/wiki/First_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="First Sudanese Civil War">First Sudanese Civil War</a> from 1956 to 1972,<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> and met with Israeli president <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> to discuss establishing an <a href="/wiki/Embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy">embassy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, which would make South Sudan the first country to have one in that city.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> After the outbreak of the South Sudanese civil war, Salva Kiir delivered a speech in January 2014 lashing out at the United Nations and "so-called humanitarian organizations", accusing them of supporting <a href="/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar">Riek Machar</a> to try to overthrow him. He accused the <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> of sheltering his enemies on their bases adding, "There is a problem with the international community, and it is something that people will have to thrash out with them."<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In March 2014, Kiir's government organized a rally accusing the United Nations of colluding with anti-government forces. Protesters carried signs accusing the UN of arming anti-government forces.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Relations between Kiir's government and some erstwhile supporters deteriorated since the start of the civil war. He disclosed in an op-ed published in his name in the Washington Times in October 2015 that unnamed "international partners in peace" had threatened his <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> with <a href="/wiki/Economic_sanctions" title="Economic sanctions">sanctions</a>, the withdrawal of aid support, and referrals to the International Criminal Court.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Heglig_crisis_and_war_with_Sudan">Heglig crisis and war with Sudan</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Heglig crisis and war with Sudan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a></div> On 26 March 2012, the South Sudanese army attacked the oilfield in the town of <a href="/wiki/Heglig" title="Heglig">Heglig</a> (known also to the Dinka of the Unity state as <a href="/wiki/Panthou" class="mw-redirect" title="Panthou">Panthou</a>), located between the border of the Sudanese state of <a href="/wiki/South_Kordofan" title="South Kordofan">South Kordofan</a> and the South Sudanese state of <a href="/wiki/Unity_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Unity State">Unity</a>, triggering the <a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a>. On 27 September, Kiir met <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese President">Sudanese President</a> Omar al-Bashir and signed eight agreements in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Ethiopia, which led the way to resume important oil exports and create a 10-kilometre (6 mi) <a href="/wiki/Demilitarized_zone" title="Demilitarized zone">demilitarized zone</a> along their border. The agreements allow for the return of 56,000,000 litres (350,000 barrels) of <a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese" class="mw-redirect" title="South Sudanese">South Sudanese</a> oil to the world market. In addition, the agreements include an understanding of the parameters to follow in regards to demarcating their border, an economic cooperation agreement and a deal to protect each other's citizens. Certain issues remain unsolved and future talks are scheduled to resolve them. On 25 November 2012, South Sudan launched a formal complaint to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> (UNSC) against Sudan in the wake of aerial bombings carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan Armed Forces">Sudan Armed Forces</a> (SAF) in parts of South Sudan's northern <a href="/wiki/Bahr_el_Ghazal_(region_of_South_Sudan)" title="Bahr el Ghazal (region of South Sudan)">Bahr el Ghazal</a> state, killing at least eight people and injuring an equal number. South Sudan treated the attack as a gross violation of the cooperation agreement the two country's leaders signed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on 27 September.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_crisis">Political crisis</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Political crisis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></div> In September 2013, an article appeared on the <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> News Agency website.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The article was authored by a South Sudanese analyst and critical writer by the name Duop Chak Wuol. In his writings, Duop criticized the ruling <a href="/wiki/SPLM" class="mw-redirect" title="SPLM">SPLM</a> party and warned of widespread consequences if party doesn't fix its growing autocratic policies. Duop also predicted negative results the young nation would face if a civil war break out. Tensions rose between Kiir and his former vice president <a href="/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar">Riek Machar</a> in December 2013 in the lead-up to a meeting of the National Liberation Council (NLC) of the ruling SPLM party. After two days of NLC meetings, on the night of 15 December 2013 shooting erupted within Salva Kiir's Presidential Guards. The next day, Kiir denounced Machar and other senior SPLM officials for staging a failed coup against his government, a claim later denied by Machar and others. These events marked the start of the <a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">South Sudanese Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-southsudannation.com-36">[36]</a> About 400,000 people were estimated to have been killed in the war by April 2018, including notable atrocities such as the <a href="/wiki/2014_Bentiu_massacre" title="2014 Bentiu massacre">2014 Bentiu massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assassination_plot">Assassination plot</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Assassination plot" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> According to a <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabian diplomatic</a> cable released by <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> in June 2015, the Saudi Arabian embassy in Khartoum had previously alerted the Saudi Arabian government of an assassination plot against Kiir by members of the <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Directorate_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Intelligence Directorate (Egypt)">Egyptian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese intelligence">Sudanese intelligence</a> agencies.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_interests">Business interests</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Business interests" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Kiir is reported to be the part-owner of ABMC Thai-South Sudan Construction Company Limited. With Garang Deng Aguer and Benjamin Bol Mel According to a report by <a href="/wiki/Radio_Tamazuj" title="Radio Tamazuj">Radio Tamazuj</a>, however, Kiir's shares are not held directly but may be concealed in the name of a close associate. Ties between Kiir and the company were denied by Kiir's spokesman Ateny Wek. The company was awarded at least $161 million in government roads contracts.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The president's wife previously held shares in Yanyyom Mineral Water and Beverage Factory located in <a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a>. The factory took its name from Lake Yanyyom, located near the president's hometown Akon in Warrap State. Another owner of the factory was Garang Deng Aguer, a business magnate and former Governor of Northern Bahr el Ghazal State.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Sudan_famine">South Sudan famine</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: South Sudan famine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2017_South_Sudan_famine" title="2017 South Sudan famine">2017 South Sudan famine</a></div> In the early months of 2017, parts of <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> experienced a <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a> following several years of instability in the country's food supply caused by civil war and <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a>. International humanitarian advocates stated the famine was manmade<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> and pointed to the country's ongoing conflict for creating the famine conditions. More than 3 million people had been displaced by ongoing violence across the country, forcing families to abandon agricultural land and livestock, leaving them with few food resources to survive with.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The worst fighting was in <a href="/wiki/Unity_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Unity State">Unity State</a>, where tens of thousands of people fled their homes due to a government offensive against opposition-held areas.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Days after the declaration of famine, the government raised the price of a business visa from $100 to $10,000, mostly aimed at aid workers, citing a need to increase government revenue.<a href="#cite_note-alaraby0317-44">[44]</a> U.N. officials said that Kiir was blocking food deliveries to some areas.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Personal life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stetson_hat">Stetson hat</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Stetson hat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_with_George_Bush_November_15,_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_with_George_Bush_November_15%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_with_George_Bush_November_15%2C_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="339"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_with_George_Bush_November_15%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_with_George_Bush_November_15%2C_2007.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_with_George_Bush_November_15%2C_2007.jpg/330px-Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_with_George_Bush_November_15%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_with_George_Bush_November_15%2C_2007.jpg/440px-Salva_Kiir_Mayardit_with_George_Bush_November_15%2C_2007.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Kiir with United States <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">President George W. Bush</a>, 15 November 2007</figcaption></figure> In 2006, when visiting the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, Kiir received a black <a href="/wiki/Stetson" title="Stetson">stetson</a> as a gift from U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>. He reportedly liked it so much that he purchased several. He now rarely makes public appearances without wearing one.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_controversy">Marriage controversy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Marriage controversy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In a politically charged social issue, it has been claimed that Kiir secretly married the daughter of former comrade, the late <a href="/wiki/William_Nyuon_Bany" title="William Nyuon Bany">William Nyuon Bany</a>, an ethnic Nuer and former leader of the <a href="/wiki/SPLA/M" class="mw-redirect" title="SPLA/M">SPLA</a>. Allegedly, a traditional Dinka ceremony was conducted by his brothers. This led to strife between Kiir's eldest daughter and Aluel William Nyuon Bany.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Kiir has not publicly commented on the allegation. According to media reports in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, "Kiir's in-laws" have requested privacy.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Kiir is <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article50469">Sudan Tribune, Kenyan police arrest S. Sudan president's son over drunkenness</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190630075237/http://www.sde.co.ke/amp/thenairobian/article/2000114864/our-family-life-is-private-kiir-s-in-law-says">""Our family life is private" Kiir's in-law says – Entertainment News"</a>. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199333400" title="Special:BookSources/9780199333400"><bdi>9780199333400</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Sudan%3A+From+Revolution+to+Independence&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780199333400&rft.aulast=LeRiche&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Arnold%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOAQqBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalva+Kiir+Mayardit" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Salva Kiir Mayardit">Salva Kiir Mayardit</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipinst.org/events/speakers/details/230-salva-kiir-southern-sudan-vote-delay-could-risk-war.html">Salva Kiir Speaks at the International Peace Institute</a>, 22 September 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1417&fuseaction=topics.event_summary&event_id=152220">Kiir's Speech on First Visit to Washington</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716080924/http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1417&fuseaction=topics.event_summary&event_id=152220">Archived</a> 16 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_International_Center_for_Scholars" title="Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars">Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars</a>, 4 November 2005</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929100056/http://www.unmultimedia.org/tv/webcast/2011/09/south-sudan-general-debate-66th-session.html">Address by President Salva Kiir</a> to the 66th session of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, 23 September 2011 (video; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150124033600/http://gadebate.un.org/66/south-sudan-republic">summary and transcript</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://africanarguments.org/2014/10/13/profile-salva-kiir-south-sudans-commander-in-chief-image-vs-reality/">Profile: Salva Kiir – South Sudan's Commander-in-chief – image vs reality</a>, 13 October 2014</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New office </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of South Sudan">Vice President of Southern Sudan</a> 2005 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar">Riek Machar</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Southern_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Southern Sudan">President of Southern Sudan</a> 2005–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Position abolished </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Sudan" title="Vice President of Sudan">First Vice President of Sudan</a> 2005–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Osman_Taha" title="Ali Osman Taha">Ali Osman Taha</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New office </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="President of South Sudan">President of South Sudan</a> 2011–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&oldid=1259580620">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&oldid=1259580620</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Salva_Kiir_Mayardit&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 25 November 2024, at 22:50 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="سالفا كير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سالفا كير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%80,_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Киир, Салва – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Киир, Салва" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%82" title="Салва Кіір Маярдзіт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Салва Кіір Маярдзіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Салва Кийр Маярдит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Салва Кийр Маярдит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%AF%CF%81_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%84" title="Σάλβα Κιίρ Μαγιαρντίτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σάλβα Κιίρ Μαγιαρντίτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="سالوا کیر مایاردیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سالوا کیر مایاردیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir" title="Salva Kiir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Salva Kiir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B4%EB%B0%94_%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4_%EB%A7%88%EC%95%BC%EB%A5%B4%EB%94%94%ED%8A%B8" title="살바 키르 마야르디트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="살바 키르 마야르디트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%98" title="סאלווה קיר מאיארדיט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סאלווה קיר מאיארדיט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%95%E1%83%90_%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სალვა კიირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სალვა კიირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_K%C4%ABrs_Majardits" title="Salva Kīrs Majardits – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Salva Kīrs Majardits" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Салва Кир Мајардит – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Салва Кир Мајардит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="സൽവാ കീർ മായർദിത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൽവാ കീർ മായർദിത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="سالفا كير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سالفا كير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir" title="Salva Kiir – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Salva Kiir" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3" title="サルバ・キール・マヤルディ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サルバ・キール・マヤルディ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kir Mayardit – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Salva Kir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%80,_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Киир, Сальваторе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киир, Сальваторе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Салва Кир Мајардит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Салва Кир Мајардит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir" title="Salva Kiir – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Salva Kiir" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="ซัลวา กีร์ มายาร์ดิต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซัลวา กีร์ มายาร์ดิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalpa_Kiir_Mayard%C3%AFt" title="Thalpa Kiir Mayardït – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Thalpa Kiir Mayardït" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Салва Киир – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Салва Киир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D1%80" title="Салва Киїр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Салва Киїр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%94%E8%BF%AA%E7%89%B9" title="萨尔瓦·基尔·马亚尔迪特 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="萨尔瓦·基尔·马亚尔迪特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Salva Kiir Mayardit" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%9E%E7%88%BE%E8%BF%AA%E7%89%B9" title="馬亞爾迪特 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬亞爾迪特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%94%E8%BF%AA%E7%89%B9" title="萨尔瓦·基尔·马亚尔迪特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萨尔瓦·基尔·马亚尔迪特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 22:50 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" 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