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href="#Casualties_and_damage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Casualties and damage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties_and_damage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relief_and_reconstruction_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relief_and_reconstruction_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Relief and reconstruction efforts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relief_and_reconstruction_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_on_society,_economy,_and_philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_on_society,_economy,_and_philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Effect on society, economy, and philosophy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effect_on_society,_economy,_and_philosophy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Effect on society, economy, and philosophy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effect_on_society,_economy,_and_philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Philosophy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_seismology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_seismology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Development of seismology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_seismology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1755 Lisbon earthquake</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9_1755" title="زلزال لشبونة 1755 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زلزال لشبونة 1755" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremotu_de_Lisboa_de_1755" title="Terremotu de Lisboa de 1755 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Terremotu de Lisboa de 1755" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon_z%C9%99lz%C9%99l%C9%99si_(1755)" title="Lissabon zəlzələsi (1755) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lissabon zəlzələsi (1755)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Лісабонскае землетрасенне – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лісабонскае землетрасенне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Лисабонско земетресение – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лисабонско земетресение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljotres_u_Lisabonu_1755." title="Zemljotres u Lisabonu 1755. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zemljotres u Lisabonu 1755." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kren-douar_ar_1a%C3%B1_a_viz_Du_1755_e_Lisbon" title="Kren-douar ar 1añ a viz Du 1755 e Lisbon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kren-douar ar 1añ a viz Du 1755 e Lisbon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terratr%C3%A8mol_de_Lisboa_de_1755" title="Terratrèmol de Lisboa de 1755 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Terratrèmol de Lisboa de 1755" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zem%C4%9Bt%C5%99esen%C3%AD_v_Lisabonu_1755" title="Zemětřesení v Lisabonu 1755 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zemětřesení v Lisabonu 1755" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordsk%C3%A6lvet_i_Lissabon_1755" title="Jordskælvet i Lissabon 1755 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jordskælvet i Lissabon 1755" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdbeben_von_Lissabon_1755" title="Erdbeben von Lissabon 1755 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erdbeben von Lissabon 1755" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissaboni_maav%C3%A4rin" title="Lissaboni maavärin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lissaboni maavärin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82_(1755)" title="Σεισμός της Λισαβόνας (1755) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σεισμός της Λισαβόνας (1755)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremoto_de_Lisboa_de_1755" title="Terremoto de Lisboa de 1755 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Terremoto de Lisboa de 1755" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbona_tertremo_en_1755" title="Lisbona tertremo en 1755 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lisbona tertremo en 1755" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755eko_Lisboako_lurrikara" title="1755eko Lisboako lurrikara – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1755eko Lisboako lurrikara" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B5%DB%B5_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="زمین‌لرزه ۱۷۵۵ لیسبون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمین‌لرزه ۱۷۵۵ لیسبون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9isme_de_1755_%C3%A0_Lisbonne" title="Séisme de 1755 à Lisbonne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Séisme de 1755 à Lisbonne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crith_tal%C3%BAn_Liosp%C3%B3in_(1755)" title="Crith talún Liospóin (1755) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Crith talún Liospóin (1755)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremoto_de_Lisboa_de_1755" title="Terremoto de Lisboa de 1755 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terremoto de Lisboa de 1755" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755%EB%85%84_%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%B3%B8_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="1755년 리스본 지진 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1755년 리스본 지진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA" title="Լիսաբոնի երկրաշարժ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիսաբոնի երկրաշարժ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potres_u_Lisabonu_1755." title="Potres u Lisabonu 1755. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Potres u Lisabonu 1755." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Lisboa_1755" title="Gempa bumi Lisboa 1755 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gempa bumi Lisboa 1755" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%B7%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%85%C3%A6%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82" title="Лиссабоны стыр зæххæнкъуыст – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лиссабоны стыр зæххæнкъуыст" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0skj%C3%A1lftinn_%C3%AD_Lissabon" title="Jarðskjálftinn í Lissabon – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðskjálftinn í Lissabon" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremoto_di_Lisbona_del_1755" title="Terremoto di Lisbona del 1755 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terremoto di Lisbona del 1755" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F_(1755)" title="רעידת האדמה בליסבון (1755) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רעידת האדמה בליסבון (1755)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ლისაბონის მიწისძვრა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლისაბონის მიწისძვრა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755._gada_Lisabonas_zemestr%C4%ABce" title="1755. gada Lisabonas zemestrīce – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1755. gada Lisabonas zemestrīce" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755-%C3%B6s_lisszaboni_f%C3%B6ldreng%C3%A9s" title="1755-ös lisszaboni földrengés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1755-ös lisszaboni földrengés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%82_(1755)" title="ലിസ്ബൺ ഭൂകമ്പം (1755) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിസ്ബൺ ഭൂകമ്പം (1755)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Lisbon_1755" title="Gempa bumi Lisbon 1755 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gempa bumi Lisbon 1755" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardbeving_Lissabon_1755" title="Aardbeving Lissabon 1755 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aardbeving Lissabon 1755" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87_(1755%E5%B9%B4)" title="リスボン地震 (1755年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リスボン地震 (1755年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordskjelvet_i_Lisboa" title="Jordskjelvet i Lisboa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jordskjelvet i Lisboa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8rratrem_de_Lisbona_de_1755" title="Tèrratrem de Lisbona de 1755 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tèrratrem de Lisbona de 1755" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabon_zilzilasi" title="Lissabon zilzilasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lissabon zilzilasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trz%C4%99sienie_ziemi_w_Lizbonie_(1755)" title="Trzęsienie ziemi w Lizbonie (1755) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Trzęsienie ziemi w Lizbonie (1755)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismo_de_Lisboa_de_1755" title="Sismo de Lisboa de 1755 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sismo de Lisboa de 1755" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marele_cutremur_din_Lisabona_(1755)" title="Marele cutremur din Lisabona (1755) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marele cutremur din Lisabona (1755)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Лиссабонское землетрясение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лиссабонское землетрясение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremoto_de_Lisbona" title="Terremoto de Lisbona – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Terremoto de Lisbona" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1755 Lisbon earthquake" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemetrasenie_v_Lisabone" title="Zemetrasenie v Lisabone – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zemetrasenie v Lisabone" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizbonski_potres_(1755)" title="Lizbonski potres (1755) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lizbonski potres (1755)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_%D1%83_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83_1755." title="Земљотрес у Лисабону 1755. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Земљотрес у Лисабону 1755." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potres_u_Lisabonu_1755." title="Potres u Lisabonu 1755. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Potres u Lisabonu 1755." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissabonin_maanj%C3%A4ristys_1755" title="Lissabonin maanjäristys 1755 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lissabonin maanjäristys 1755" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordb%C3%A4vningen_i_Lissabon_1755" title="Jordbävningen i Lissabon 1755 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jordbävningen i Lissabon 1755" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1755" title="แผ่นดินไหวในลิสบอน ค.ศ. 1755 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แผ่นดินไหวในลิสบอน ค.ศ. 1755" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755_Lizbon_depremi" title="1755 Lizbon depremi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1755 Lizbon depremi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Лісабонський землетрус – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лісабонський землетрус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t_Lisboa_1755" title="Động đất Lisboa 1755 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động đất Lisboa 1755" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755%E5%B9%B4%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="1755年里斯本大地震 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1755年里斯本大地震" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="里斯本地震 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="里斯本地震" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755%E5%B9%B4%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="1755年里斯本大地震 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1755年里斯本大地震" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191055#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&params=36_N_11_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°N</span> <span class="longitude">11°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36°N 11°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36; -11</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_earthquake_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lisbon earthquake (disambiguation)">Lisbon earthquake (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1755 Lisbon earthquake</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1755_Lisbon_Earthquake_Location.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1755_Lisbon_Earthquake_Location.png/260px-1755_Lisbon_Earthquake_Location.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/1755_Lisbon_Earthquake_Location.png 1.5x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake is located in Atlantic Ocean"><img alt="1755 Lisbon earthquake is located in Atlantic Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1441" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.336%;left:67.644%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-25px;top:-25px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1755 Lisbon earthquake"><img alt="1755 Lisbon earthquake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/50px-Bullseye1.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/75px-Bullseye1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/100px-Bullseye1.png 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1610" /></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local date</th><td class="infobox-data">1 November 1755<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1755-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local time</th><td class="infobox-data">09:40</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magnitude</th><td class="infobox-data">7.7–9.0 <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">M<sub>w</sub></a> (est.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Epicenter</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&params=36_N_11_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°N</span> <span class="longitude">11°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36°N 11°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36; -11</span></span></span></a></span></span> <br /> About 200 km (110 nmi; 120 mi) west-southwest of <a href="/wiki/Cape_St._Vincent" title="Cape St. Vincent">Cape St. Vincent</a> and about 290 km (160 nmi; 180 mi) southwest of Lisbon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fault</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Azores%E2%80%93Gibraltar_Transform_Fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault">Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault</a><sup id="cite_ref-fault_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fault-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Maximum">Max.</abbr> intensity</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="background-color:rgba(164, 0, 0); padding:4px; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Modified_Mercalli_intensity_scale#mmi-11" title="Modified Mercalli intensity scale"><span style="color:white;">MMI XI (<i>Extreme</i>)</span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-NGDC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGDC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">40,000–50,000 deaths</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1755 Lisbon earthquake</b>, also known as the <b>Great Lisbon earthquake</b>, impacted Portugal, the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Africa">Northwest Africa</a> on the morning of Saturday, 1 November, <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">Feast of All Saints</a>, at around 09:40 local time.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In combination with subsequent fires and a <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>, the earthquake almost completely destroyed <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> and adjoining areas. <a href="/wiki/Seismologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismologist">Seismologists</a> estimate the Lisbon earthquake had a magnitude of 7.7<sup id="cite_ref-Fonseca_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fonseca-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or greater<sup id="cite_ref-volcanocafe_2016-05-06_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-volcanocafe_2016-05-06-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">moment magnitude scale</a>, with its <a href="/wiki/Epicenter" title="Epicenter">epicenter</a> in the Atlantic Ocean about 200 km (110 nmi; 120 mi) west-southwest of <a href="/wiki/Cape_St._Vincent" title="Cape St. Vincent">Cape St. Vincent</a>, a cape in <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a> region, and about 290 km (160 nmi; 180 mi) southwest of Lisbon. </p><p>Chronologically, it was the third known large-scale earthquake to hit the city (following those of 1332 and <a href="/wiki/1531_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1531 Lisbon earthquake">1531</a>). Estimates place the death toll in Lisbon around 30,000–40,000. A further 10,000 may have died in Morocco. </p><p>The earthquake accentuated political tensions in Portugal and profoundly disrupted the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a>. The event was widely discussed and dwelt upon by European <a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="The Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophers</a>, and inspired major developments in <a href="/wiki/Theodicy" title="Theodicy">theodicy</a>. As the first earthquake studied scientifically for its effects over a large area, it led to the birth of modern <a href="/wiki/Seismology" title="Seismology">seismology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_engineering" title="Earthquake engineering">earthquake engineering</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earthquake_and_tsunami">Earthquake and tsunami</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Earthquake and tsunami"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1755_Lisbon_earthquake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/1755_Lisbon_earthquake.jpg/220px-1755_Lisbon_earthquake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/1755_Lisbon_earthquake.jpg/330px-1755_Lisbon_earthquake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/1755_Lisbon_earthquake.jpg/440px-1755_Lisbon_earthquake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>1755 copper engraving showing <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> in flames and a <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> overwhelming the ships in the harbor</figcaption></figure> <p>The earthquake struck on the morning of 1 November 1755, <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day</a>. Contemporary reports state that the earthquake lasted from three and a half to six minutes, causing fissures 5 metres (16 ft) wide in the city center. Survivors rushed to the open space of the docks for safety and watched as the sea receded, revealing a plain of mud littered with lost cargo and shipwrecks. Approximately 40 minutes after the earthquake, a <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> engulfed the harbor and downtown area, rushing up the <a href="/wiki/Tagus" title="Tagus">Tagus</a> river<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "so fast that several people riding on horseback ... were forced to gallop as fast as possible to the upper grounds for fear of being carried away." It was followed by two more waves. Candles lit in homes and churches all around the city for All Saints' Day were knocked over, starting a fire that developed into a <a href="/wiki/Firestorm" title="Firestorm">firestorm</a> which burned for hours in the city, asphyxiating people up to 30 metres (98 ft) from the blaze.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ex-voto_a_Nossa_Senhora_da_Estrela_(2.%C2%AA_metade_s%C3%A9c._XVIII)_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_Str%C3%B6berle,_atrib._(Museu_de_Lisboa,_MC.PIN.0269).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ex-voto_a_Nossa_Senhora_da_Estrela_%282.%C2%AA_metade_s%C3%A9c._XVIII%29_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_Str%C3%B6berle%2C_atrib._%28Museu_de_Lisboa%2C_MC.PIN.0269%29.png/220px-Ex-voto_a_Nossa_Senhora_da_Estrela_%282.%C2%AA_metade_s%C3%A9c._XVIII%29_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_Str%C3%B6berle%2C_atrib._%28Museu_de_Lisboa%2C_MC.PIN.0269%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ex-voto_a_Nossa_Senhora_da_Estrela_%282.%C2%AA_metade_s%C3%A9c._XVIII%29_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_Str%C3%B6berle%2C_atrib._%28Museu_de_Lisboa%2C_MC.PIN.0269%29.png/330px-Ex-voto_a_Nossa_Senhora_da_Estrela_%282.%C2%AA_metade_s%C3%A9c._XVIII%29_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_Str%C3%B6berle%2C_atrib._%28Museu_de_Lisboa%2C_MC.PIN.0269%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ex-voto_a_Nossa_Senhora_da_Estrela_%282.%C2%AA_metade_s%C3%A9c._XVIII%29_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_Str%C3%B6berle%2C_atrib._%28Museu_de_Lisboa%2C_MC.PIN.0269%29.png/440px-Ex-voto_a_Nossa_Senhora_da_Estrela_%282.%C2%AA_metade_s%C3%A9c._XVIII%29_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_Str%C3%B6berle%2C_atrib._%28Museu_de_Lisboa%2C_MC.PIN.0269%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1031" /></a><figcaption>A contemporary <a href="/wiki/Ex-voto" title="Ex-voto">ex-voto</a> depicts the rescue of a three-year-old from under fallen masonry, under the watchful gaze of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady,_Star_of_the_Sea" title="Our Lady, Star of the Sea">Our Lady of the Star</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Lisbon was not the only <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portuguese</a> city affected by the catastrophe. Throughout the south of the country, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>, destruction was rampant. The tsunami destroyed some coastal fortresses in the Algarve and, at lower levels, it razed several houses. Almost all the coastal towns and villages of the Algarve were heavily damaged, except <a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Faro</a>, which was protected by the sandy banks of <a href="/wiki/Ria_Formosa" title="Ria Formosa">Ria Formosa</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Lagos,_Portugal" title="Lagos, Portugal">Lagos</a>, the waves reached the top of the city walls. Other towns in different Portuguese regions, such as <a href="/wiki/Peniche,_Portugal" title="Peniche, Portugal">Peniche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cascais" title="Cascais">Cascais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal" title="Setúbal">Setúbal</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Covilh%C3%A3" title="Covilhã">Covilhã</a> (which is located near the <a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Estrela" title="Serra da Estrela">Serra da Estrela</a> mountain range in central inland Portugal) were visibly affected by the earthquake, the tsunami, or both. The shock waves of the earthquake destroyed part of Covilhã's castle walls and its large towers and damaged several other buildings in <a href="/wiki/Cova_da_Beira_Subregion" title="Cova da Beira Subregion">Cova da Beira</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in <a href="/wiki/Salamanca,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamanca, Spain">Salamanca, Spain</a>. In Setúbal, parts of the <a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Filipe_de_Set%C3%BAbal" title="Fort of São Filipe de Setúbal">Fort of São Filipe de Setúbal</a> were damaged. </p><p>On the island of <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a> and many smaller settlements suffered significant damage. Almost all of the ports in the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> archipelago suffered most of their destruction from the tsunami, with the sea penetrating about 150 metres (490 ft) inland. Current and former Portuguese towns in northern Africa were also affected by the earthquake. Places such as <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> (ceded by Portugal to Spain in 1668) and <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagon</a>, where the tsunami hit hard the coastal fortifications of both towns, in some cases going over it, and flooding the harbor area, were affected. In Spain, the tsunamis swept the <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusian</a> Atlantic Coast, damaging the city of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cadiz</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm/220px--Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="86" data-mwtitle="Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="3840" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm/Tsunami_Forecast_Model_Animation-_Lisbon_1755.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>2016 animation from <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon_1755_tsunami_travel_times.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lisbon_1755_tsunami_travel_times.jpg/220px-Lisbon_1755_tsunami_travel_times.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lisbon_1755_tsunami_travel_times.jpg/330px-Lisbon_1755_tsunami_travel_times.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lisbon_1755_tsunami_travel_times.jpg/440px-Lisbon_1755_tsunami_travel_times.jpg 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Calculated travel times (in hours) for the tsunami waves of 1 November 1755</figcaption></figure> <p>Shocks from the earthquake were felt throughout Europe<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as far as <a href="/wiki/Finland_under_Swedish_rule" title="Finland under Swedish rule">Finland</a> and in North Africa, and according to some sources even in <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lyell_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lyell-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tsunamis as tall as 20 metres (66 ft) swept along the coast of <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, and struck <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> across the Atlantic Ocean. A three-metre (ten-foot) <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> hit <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> on the southern British coast. <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a>, on the west coast of Ireland, was also hit, resulting in partial destruction of the "<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Arch" title="Spanish Arch">Spanish Arch</a>" section of the city wall. In County Clare, <a href="/wiki/Aughinish,_County_Clare" title="Aughinish, County Clare">Aughinish Island</a> was created when a low lying connection to the mainland was washed away. At <a href="/wiki/Kinsale" title="Kinsale">Kinsale</a>, several vessels were whirled round in the harbor, and water poured into the marketplace.<sup id="cite_ref-Lyell_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lyell-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, it was determined that the tsunami waves may have reached the coast of Brazil, then a colony of Portugal. Letters sent by Brazilian authorities at the time of the earthquake describe damage and destruction caused by gigantic waves.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although seismologists and geologists have always agreed that the epicenter was in the Atlantic to the west of the Iberian Peninsula, its exact location has been a subject of considerable debate. Early hypotheses had proposed the <a href="/wiki/Gorringe_Ridge" title="Gorringe Ridge">Gorringe Ridge</a>, about 320 km (170 nmi; 200 mi) south-west of Lisbon, until <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_simulation" title="Earthquake simulation">simulations</a> showed that a location closer to the shore of Portugal was required to comply with the observed effects of the tsunami. A 1992 seismic reflection survey of the ocean floor along the <a href="/wiki/Azores%E2%80%93Gibraltar_Transform_Fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault">Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault</a> detected a 50-kilometre-long (31 mi) <a href="/wiki/Thrust_fault" title="Thrust fault">thrust fault</a> southwest of <a href="/wiki/Cape_St._Vincent" title="Cape St. Vincent">Cape St. Vincent</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Dip-slip" class="mw-redirect" title="Dip-slip">dip-slip</a> throw of more than 1 km (0.62 mi). This structure may have created the primary <a href="/wiki/Tectonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic">tectonic</a> event.<sup id="cite_ref-fault_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fault-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties_and_damage">Casualties and damage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Casualties and damage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Convento_do_Carmo_ruins_in_Lisbon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Convento_do_Carmo_ruins_in_Lisbon.jpg/220px-Convento_do_Carmo_ruins_in_Lisbon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Convento_do_Carmo_ruins_in_Lisbon.jpg/330px-Convento_do_Carmo_ruins_in_Lisbon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Convento_do_Carmo_ruins_in_Lisbon.jpg/440px-Convento_do_Carmo_ruins_in_Lisbon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ruins" title="Ruins">ruins</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Carmo_Convent_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmo Convent (Lisbon)">Carmo Convent</a>, which was destroyed in the Lisbon earthquake.</figcaption></figure> <p>Economic historian Álvaro Pereira estimated that of Lisbon's population at the time of approximately 200,000 people, 30,000–40,000 were killed. Another 10,000 may have died in Morocco. A 2009 study of contemporary reports relating to the 1 November event found them vague and difficult to separate from reports of another <a href="/wiki/1755_Meknes_earthquake" title="1755 Meknes earthquake">local series of earthquakes on 18–19 November</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pereira estimated the total death toll in Portugal, Spain and Morocco from the earthquake and the resulting fires and tsunami at 40,000 to 50,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eighty-five percent of Lisbon's buildings were destroyed, including famous palaces and libraries, as well as most examples of Portugal's distinctive 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Manueline" title="Manueline">Manueline</a> architecture. Several buildings that had suffered little earthquake damage were destroyed by the subsequent fire. The new Lisbon opera house (the "<a href="/wiki/%C3%93pera_do_Tejo" title="Ópera do Tejo">Ópera do Tejo</a>"), opened seven months before, burned to the ground. The <a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Palace" title="Ribeira Palace">Royal Ribeira Palace</a>, which stood just beside the <a href="/wiki/Tagus" title="Tagus">Tagus</a> river in the modern square <a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio" title="Praça do Comércio">Praça do Comércio</a>, was destroyed by the earthquake and tsunami. Inside, the 70,000-volume royal library as well as hundreds of works of art, including paintings by <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Rubens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Correggio" title="Antonio da Correggio">Correggio</a>, were lost. The royal archives disappeared together with detailed historical records of explorations by <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> and other early navigators. The palace of <a href="/wiki/Henrique_de_Meneses,_3rd_Marquis_of_Louri%C3%A7al" title="Henrique de Meneses, 3rd Marquis of Louriçal">Henrique de Meneses, 3rd Marquis of Louriçal</a>, which housed 18,000 books, was also destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-Li&Lin_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li&Lin-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earthquake damaged several major churches in Lisbon, namely <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Cathedral" title="Lisbon Cathedral">Lisbon Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Lisbon" title="St Paul's Cathedral, Lisbon">St Paul's Cathedral</a>, Santa Catarina, <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_S%C3%A3o_Vicente_de_Fora" title="Monastery of São Vicente de Fora">São Vicente de Fora</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Nossa_Senhora_da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Velha" title="Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição Velha">Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição Velha</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Real_de_Todos_os_Santos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital Real de Todos os Santos">Royal Hospital of All Saints</a> (the largest public hospital at the time) in the <a href="/wiki/Rossio" title="Rossio">Rossio</a> square was consumed by fire and hundreds of patients burned to death. The tomb of national hero <a href="/wiki/Nuno_%C3%81lvares_Pereira" title="Nuno Álvares Pereira">Nuno Álvares Pereira</a> was also lost. Visitors to Lisbon may still walk the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Carmo_Convent_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmo Convent (Lisbon)">Carmo Convent</a>, which were preserved to remind Lisboners of the destruction. Most of the documentation of the <a href="/wiki/1722_Algarve_earthquake" title="1722 Algarve earthquake">1722 Algarve earthquake</a> sent to Lisbon for archiving became lost after the fire that followed the 1755 earthquake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relief_and_reconstruction_efforts">Relief and reconstruction efforts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Relief and reconstruction efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pombaline_style" title="Pombaline style">Pombaline style</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon1755hangingdetail.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lisbon1755hangingdetail.JPG/220px-Lisbon1755hangingdetail.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lisbon1755hangingdetail.JPG/330px-Lisbon1755hangingdetail.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Lisbon1755hangingdetail.JPG 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Executions in the aftermath of the Lisbon earthquake. At least 34 looters were hanged in the chaotic aftermath of the disaster. As a warning against looting, King <a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Portugal" title="Joseph I of Portugal">Joseph I of Portugal</a> ordered <a href="/wiki/Gallows" title="Gallows">gallows</a> to be constructed in several parts of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The royal family escaped unharmed from the catastrophe: King <a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Portugal" title="Joseph I of Portugal">Joseph I of Portugal</a> and the court had left the city, after attending Mass at sunrise, fulfilling the wish of one of the king's daughters to spend the holiday away from Lisbon. After the catastrophe, Joseph I developed a fear of living within walls, and the court was accommodated in a huge complex of tents and pavilions in the hills of <a href="/wiki/Ajuda" title="Ajuda">Ajuda</a>, then on the outskirts of Lisbon. The king's <a href="/wiki/Claustrophobia" title="Claustrophobia">claustrophobia</a> never waned, and it was only after Joseph's death that his daughter <a href="/wiki/Maria_I_of_Portugal" title="Maria I of Portugal">Maria I of Portugal</a> began building the royal <a href="/wiki/Ajuda_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajuda Palace">Ajuda Palace</a>, which still stands on the site of the old tented camp. Like the king, the prime minister <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo,_1st_Marquis_of_Pombal" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal">Sebastião de Melo</a> (1st Marquis of Pombal) survived the earthquake. When asked what was to be done, Pombal reportedly replied "bury the dead and heal the living",<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and set about organizing relief and rehabilitation efforts. Firefighters were sent to extinguish the raging flames, and teams of workers and ordinary citizens were ordered to remove the thousands of corpses before disease could spread. Contrary to custom and against the wishes of the Church, many corpses were loaded onto <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burial_at_sea" title="Burial at sea">buried at sea</a> beyond the mouth of the Tagus. To prevent disorder in the ruined city, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Army" title="Portuguese Army">Portuguese Army</a> was deployed and <a href="/wiki/Gallows" title="Gallows">gallows</a> were constructed at high points around the city to deter looters; more than thirty people were publicly executed.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The army prevented many able-bodied citizens from fleeing, pressing them into relief and reconstruction work. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_Royal_Palace_in_Campo_de_Ourique" title="Project for the Royal Palace in Campo de Ourique">project proposed that a new royal palace be built in Campo de Ourique</a> as the new royal residence in 1760, but was later abandoned due to a lack of priority or interest in a palace being built in the <a href="/wiki/Campo_de_Ourique" title="Campo de Ourique">Campo de Ourique</a> neighborhood of Lisbon. </p><p>The king and the prime minister immediately launched efforts to rebuild the city. On 4 December 1755, a little more than a month after the earthquake, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_da_Maia" title="Manuel da Maia">Manuel da Maia</a>, chief engineer to the realm, presented his plans for the re-building of Lisbon. Maia presented four options from abandoning Lisbon to building a completely new city. The first, and cheapest, plan was to rebuild the old city using recycled materials. The second and third plans proposed widening certain streets. The fourth option boldly proposed razing the entire Baixa quarter and "laying out new streets without restraint". This last option was chosen by the king and his minister.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaiola_pombalina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gaiola_pombalina.jpg/220px-Gaiola_pombalina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gaiola_pombalina.jpg/330px-Gaiola_pombalina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gaiola_pombalina.jpg/440px-Gaiola_pombalina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Model of the <a href="/wiki/Seismology" title="Seismology">seismically</a> protective wooden structure called "<a href="/wiki/Gaiola_(construction)" title="Gaiola (construction)">gaiola</a> pombalina" (pombaline cage), developed for the reconstruction of <a href="/wiki/Pombaline_Lower_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Pombaline Lower Town">Pombaline Lower Town</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>In less than a year, the city was cleared of debris. Keen to have a new and perfectly ordered city, the king commissioned the construction of big squares, rectilinear, large avenues and widened streets – the new <i>mottos</i> of Lisbon. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pombaline_style" title="Pombaline style">Pombaline</a> buildings are among the earliest <a href="/wiki/Seismology" title="Seismology">seismically</a> protected constructions in Europe. Small wooden models were built for testing, and earthquakes were simulated by marching troops around them. Lisbon's "new" Lower Town, known today as the <a href="/wiki/Pombaline_Lower_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Pombaline Lower Town">Pombaline Lower Town</a> (<i>Baixa Pombalina</i>), is one of the city's famed attractions. Sections of other Portuguese cities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Vila_Real_de_Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vila Real de Santo António Municipality">Vila Real de Santo António</a> in <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>, were also rebuilt along Pombaline principles. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Casa_Pia" title="Casa Pia">Casa Pia</a>, a Portuguese institution founded by Maria I (known as <i>A Pia</i>, "Maria the Pious"), and organized by Police Intendant <a href="/wiki/Pina_Manique" title="Pina Manique">Pina Manique</a> in 1780, was founded following the social disarray of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The purpose of the institution was to provide shelter and schooling to children in need. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effect_on_society,_economy,_and_philosophy"><span id="Effect_on_society.2C_economy.2C_and_philosophy"></span>Effect on society, economy, and philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Effect on society, economy, and philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earthquake had wide-ranging effects on the lives of the populace and <a href="/wiki/Intelligentsia" title="Intelligentsia">intelligentsia</a>. The earthquake had struck on an important religious holiday and had destroyed almost every important church in the city, causing anxiety and confusion amongst the citizens of a staunch and devout <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> country. Theologians and philosophers focused and speculated on the religious cause and message, seeing the earthquake as a manifestation of <a href="/wiki/Divine_judgment" title="Divine judgment">divine judgment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kendrick_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kendrick-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2009 study estimated that the earthquake cost between 32 and 48 per cent of Portugal's GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, "in spite of strict controls, prices and wages remained volatile in the years after the tragedy. The recovery from the earthquake also led to a rise in the wage premium of construction workers. More significantly, the earthquake became an opportunity to reform the economy and to reduce the economic semi-dependency vis-à-vis Britain."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:O_Terramoto_de_1755_(1756-92)_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_(MNAA).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/O_Terramoto_de_1755_%281756-92%29_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_%28MNAA%29.png/300px-O_Terramoto_de_1755_%281756-92%29_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_%28MNAA%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/O_Terramoto_de_1755_%281756-92%29_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_%28MNAA%29.png/450px-O_Terramoto_de_1755_%281756-92%29_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_%28MNAA%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/O_Terramoto_de_1755_%281756-92%29_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_%28MNAA%29.png/600px-O_Terramoto_de_1755_%281756-92%29_-_Jo%C3%A3o_Glama_%28MNAA%29.png 2x" data-file-width="4434" data-file-height="2728" /></a><figcaption><i>Allegory of the 1755 Earthquake</i>, by João Glama Ströberle (who depicted himself standing on a pile of rubble on the lower-right corner). In the upper-left corner is an angel holding a fiery sword, personifying divine judgement.</figcaption></figure> <p>The earthquake and its aftermath strongly influenced the intelligentsia of the European <a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="The Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a>. The noted writer-philosopher <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> used the earthquake in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Candide" title="Candide">Candide</a></i></span> and in his <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A8me_sur_le_d%C3%A9sastre_de_Lisbonne" title="Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne">Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne</a></i></span> ("Poem on the Lisbon disaster"). Voltaire's <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Candide</i></span> attacks the notion that all is for the best in this, "<a href="/wiki/The_best_of_all_possible_worlds" class="mw-redirect" title="The best of all possible worlds">the best of all possible worlds</a>", a world closely supervised by a benevolent deity. The Lisbon disaster provided a counterexample for Voltaire. <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Adorno" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor Adorno">Theodor Adorno</a> wrote, "the earthquake of Lisbon sufficed to cure Voltaire of the <a href="/wiki/Theodicy" title="Theodicy">theodicy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Leibniz</a>" (<i><a href="/wiki/Negative_Dialectics" title="Negative Dialectics">Negative Dialectics</a></i> 361). <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> was also influenced by the devastation following the earthquake, whose severity he believed was due to too many people living within the close quarters of the city. Rousseau used the earthquake as an argument against cities as part of his desire for a more naturalistic way of life.<sup id="cite_ref-Csmonitor.com_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Csmonitor.com-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> published three separate texts in 1756 on the Lisbon earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a younger man, fascinated with the earthquake, he collected all the information available in news pamphlets and formulated a theory of the causes of earthquakes. Kant's theory, which involved shifts in huge caverns filled with hot gases, though inaccurate, was one of the first systematic attempts to explain earthquakes in natural rather than supernatural terms. According to <a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a>, Kant's slim early book on the earthquake "probably represents the beginnings of scientific geography in Germany. And certainly the beginnings of seismology". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Werner_Hamacher" title="Werner Hamacher">Werner Hamacher</a> has claimed that the earthquake's consequences extended into the vocabulary of philosophy, making the common metaphor of firm "grounding" for philosophers' arguments shaky and uncertain: "Under the impression exerted by the Lisbon earthquake, which touched the European mind in one [of] its more sensitive epochs, the metaphor of ground and tremor completely lost their apparent innocence; they were no longer merely figures of speech" (263). Hamacher claims that the foundational certainty of <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>' philosophy began to shake following the Lisbon earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Retrato_do_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal_-_escola_portuguesa,_s%C3%A9c._XVIII.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Retrato_do_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal_-_escola_portuguesa%2C_s%C3%A9c._XVIII.png/220px-Retrato_do_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal_-_escola_portuguesa%2C_s%C3%A9c._XVIII.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Retrato_do_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal_-_escola_portuguesa%2C_s%C3%A9c._XVIII.png/330px-Retrato_do_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal_-_escola_portuguesa%2C_s%C3%A9c._XVIII.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Retrato_do_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal_-_escola_portuguesa%2C_s%C3%A9c._XVIII.png/440px-Retrato_do_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal_-_escola_portuguesa%2C_s%C3%A9c._XVIII.png 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1616" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo,_1st_Marquis_of_Pombal" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal">Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The earthquake had a major impact on politics. The prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo,_1st_Marquis_of_Pombal" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal">Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal</a>, was the favourite of the king, but the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_nobility" title="Portuguese nobility">aristocracy</a> despised him as an upstart son of a country squire. The prime minister, in turn, disliked the old nobles, whom he considered corrupt and incapable of practical action. Before 1 November 1755, there had been a constant struggle for power and royal favour, but the competent response of the Marquis of Pombal effectively severed the power of the old aristocratic factions. However, the silent opposition and resentment of King Joseph I began to rise, which would culminate with the attempted assassination of the king in 1758 and the subsequent elimination of the powerful <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aveiro" title="Duke of Aveiro">Duke of Aveiro</a> and the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1vora_affair" title="Távora affair">Távora family</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1752, a <a href="/wiki/Sebastianism" title="Sebastianism">Sebastianist</a> predicted that a terrible earthquake would destroy Lisbon on <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day</a>. After the 1755 Lisbon earthquake struck on All Saints' Day, there was a surge of converts to Sebastianism.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_of_seismology">Development of seismology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Development of seismology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parochial_Memories_of_1758" title="Parochial Memories of 1758">Parochial Memories of 1758</a></div> <p>The prime minister's response was not limited to the practicalities of reconstruction. He ordered a query sent to all <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parishes</a> of the country regarding the earthquake and its effects. Questions included the following: </p> <ul><li>At what time did the earthquake begin, and how long did the earthquake last?</li> <li>Did you perceive the shock to be greater from one direction than another? Example, from north to south? Did buildings seem to fall more to one side than the other?</li> <li>How many people died and were any of them distinguished?</li> <li>Did the sea rise or fall first, and how many <a href="/wiki/Hand_(unit)" title="Hand (unit)">hands</a> did it rise above the normal?</li> <li>If fire broke out, how long did it last and what damage did it cause?<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The answers to those and other questions are still archived in the <a href="/wiki/Torre_do_Tombo" class="mw-redirect" title="Torre do Tombo">Torre do Tombo</a>, the national historical archive. Studying and cross-referencing the priests' accounts, modern scientists were able to reconstruct the event from a scientific perspective. Without the questionnaire designed by the Marquis of Pombal, that would have been impossible. Because Pombal was the first to attempt an objective scientific description of the broad causes and consequences of an earthquake, he is regarded as a forerunner of modern seismological scientists.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 18th-century English <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque</a> composer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Carter_(musician)" title="Richard Carter (musician)">Richard Carter</a> composed and published an <a href="/wiki/Ode" title="Ode">ode</a> on the earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A fictionalised version of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake features as a main plot element of the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Assassin%27s_Creed_Rogue" title="Assassin's Creed Rogue">Assassin's Creed Rogue</a></i>, developed and published by <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, a similar earthquake occurs earlier in the story in <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, and possibly coincides with a real-world earthquake recorded there in <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Haiti" title="List of earthquakes in Haiti">1751</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The album <i><a href="/wiki/1755_(album)" title="1755 (album)">1755</a></i> by the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">Gothic metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Moonspell" title="Moonspell">Moonspell</a> is a concept album detailing the story of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The album is entirely sung in Portuguese and explores not only the history but also its effects on Portuguese society, culture and spirituality. </p><p>The Lisbon earthquake is vividly depicted in <a href="/wiki/Avram_Davidson" title="Avram Davidson">Avram Davidson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Masters_of_the_Maze_(novel)" title="Masters of the Maze (novel)">Masters of the Maze</a></i>, one of the many times and places visited by the book's time-traveling protagonists. </p><p>The board game Lisboa was created in 2017 by Vital Lacerda and focuses on the reconstruction of Lisbon after the earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/32px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/48px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/64px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portugal" title="Portal:Portugal">Portugal portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1722_Algarve_earthquake" title="1722 Algarve earthquake">1722 Algarve earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1755_Cape_Ann_earthquake" title="1755 Cape Ann earthquake">1755 Cape Ann earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1761_Portugal_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="1761 Portugal earthquake">1761 Portugal earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azores%E2%80%93Gibraltar_Transform_Fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault">Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_Baroque" title="Earthquake Baroque">Earthquake Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Portugal" title="List of earthquakes in Portugal">List of earthquakes in Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_earthquakes" title="List of historical earthquakes">List of historical earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_megathrust_earthquakes" title="List of megathrust earthquakes">List of megathrust earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tsunamis" title="List of tsunamis">List of tsunamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Iberian_Margin" title="Southwest Iberian Margin">Southwest Iberian Margin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fault-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fault_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fault_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zitellini N. et al., The tectonic source of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami. Anali di Geofisica 1999; 42(1): 49. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/1344/1/06%20zitellini.pdf">Online PDF</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011033749/http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/1344/1/06%20zitellini.pdf">Archived</a> 11 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 27 May 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGDC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NGDC_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNational_Geophysical_Data_Center_/_World_Data_Service_(NGDC/WDS)1972" class="citation cs2">National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1339"><i>Significant Earthquake Information</i></a> (Data Set), <a href="/wiki/National_Geophysical_Data_Center" title="National Geophysical Data Center">National Geophysical Data Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7289%2FV5TD9V7K">10.7289/V5TD9V7K</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Significant+Earthquake+Information&rft.pub=National+Geophysical+Data+Center%2C+NOAA&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7289%2FV5TD9V7K&rft.au=National+Geophysical+Data+Center+%2F+World+Data+Service+%28NGDC%2FWDS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngdc.noaa.gov%2Fhazel%2Fview%2Fhazards%2Fearthquake%2Fevent-more-info%2F1339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue4/html/belo_main.html">Between History and Periodicity: Printed and Hand-Written News in 17th-Century Portugal</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fonseca-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fonseca_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFonseca2020" class="citation journal cs1">Fonseca, Joao F. B. D. (2020). "A Reassessment of the Magnitude of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake". <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Seismological_Society_of_America" title="Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America">Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America</a></i>. <b>110</b> (1). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=O+terramoto+de+1755+ao+redor+da+Gardunha&rft.pub=Jornal+do+Fund%C3%A3o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornaldofundao.pt%2Fopiniao%2Fo-terramoto-de-1755-ao-redor-da-gardunha%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsonWebbAdeeHodgson1755" class="citation cs2">Robertson, John; Webb, Philip Carteret; Adee, Swithin; Hodgson, John; Cranbrook; Pringle, John; Mills, Henry; Birch, Thomas; Thomlinson, Mr; Philips, Richard; Crusius, Lewis; Blair, John; Parker, Viscount; Huxham, John; Borlase, William; Swanzey; Arderon, William; Barber, Thomas; Harrison, John; Cowper, Spencer; Gardener, Robert; Colquhoun, James; Nicola, L.; Brocklesby, Richard; HEN TOM; Steplin, Joseph; Hondt, De; Allamond, Mons (1755), "An Extraordinary and Surprising Agitation of the Waters, though without Any Perceptible Motion of the Earth, Having Been Observed in Various Parts of This Island, Both Maritime and Inland, on the Same Day, and Chiefly about the Time, That the More Violent Commotions of Both Earth and Waters so Extensively Affected Many Very Distant Parts of the Globe; the Following Accounts, Relating to the Former, Have Been Transmitted to the Society; in Which are Specified the Times and Places when and Where They Happened", <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>, Series I, <b>49</b>: 351–398, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1755RSPT...49..351R">1755RSPT...49..351R</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1755.0059">10.1098/rstl.1755.0059</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/104951">104951</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=An+Extraordinary+and+Surprising+Agitation+of+the+Waters%2C+though+without+Any+Perceptible+Motion+of+the+Earth%2C+Having+Been+Observed+in+Various+Parts+of+This+Island%2C+Both+Maritime+and+Inland%2C+on+the+Same+Day%2C+and+Chiefly+about+the+Time%2C+That+the+More+Violent+Commotions+of+Both+Earth+and+Waters+so+Extensively+Affected+Many+Very+Distant+Parts+of+the+Globe%3B+the+Following+Accounts%2C+Relating+to+the+Former%2C+Have+Been+Transmitted+to+the+Society%3B+in+Which+are+Specified+the+Times+and+Places+when+and+Where+They+Happened&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=351-398&rft.date=1755&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F104951%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1755.0059&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1755RSPT...49..351R&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Webb%2C+Philip+Carteret&rft.au=Adee%2C+Swithin&rft.au=Hodgson%2C+John&rft.au=Cranbrook&rft.au=Pringle%2C+John&rft.au=Mills%2C+Henry&rft.au=Birch%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Thomlinson%2C+Mr&rft.au=Philips%2C+Richard&rft.au=Crusius%2C+Lewis&rft.au=Blair%2C+John&rft.au=Parker%2C+Viscount&rft.au=Huxham%2C+John&rft.au=Borlase%2C+William&rft.au=Swanzey&rft.au=Arderon%2C+William&rft.au=Barber%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Harrison%2C+John&rft.au=Cowper%2C+Spencer&rft.au=Gardener%2C+Robert&rft.au=Colquhoun%2C+James&rft.au=Nicola%2C+L.&rft.au=Brocklesby%2C+Richard&rft.au=HEN+TOM&rft.au=Steplin%2C+Joseph&rft.au=Hondt%2C+De&rft.au=Allamond%2C+Mons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_ma_vie" title="Histoire de ma vie">Histoire de ma vie</a></i>, Book 2, Ch. XXVI; <a href="/wiki/Casanova" class="mw-redirect" title="Casanova">Casanova</a> himself noted feeling the shocks when he was imprisoned in "<a href="/wiki/The_Leads" class="mw-redirect" title="The Leads">The Leads</a>" in Venice and specifically states they were the same ones that destroyed Lisbon</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Brockhaus%27_Konversations-Lexikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon">Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon</a>. 14th ed., Leipzig, Berlin and Vienna 1894; Vol. 6, p. 248</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lyell-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lyell_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lyell_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Lyell, Charles</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Geology" title="Principles of Geology">Principles of Geology</a></i>. 1830. Vol. 1, chapter 25, p. 439 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esp.org/books/lyell/principles/facsimile/contents/lyell-v1-ch25.pdf">Online electronic edition</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080720151125/http://www.esp.org/books/lyell/principles/facsimile/contents/lyell-v1-ch25.pdf">Archived</a> 20 July 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 21 May 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLosekann2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Losekann" title="Marcos Losekann">Losekann, Marcos</a> (18 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/10/documentos-mostram-que-tsunami-atingiu-costa-brasileira-seculo-xviii.html">"Documentos mostram que tsunami atingiu costa brasileira século XVIII"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fant%C3%A1stico" title="Fantástico">Fantástico</a></i> (in Portuguese). <a href="/wiki/Rede_Globo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rede Globo">Rede Globo</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fant%C3%A1stico&rft.atitle=Documentos+mostram+que+tsunami+atingiu+costa+brasileira+s%C3%A9culo+XVIII&rft.date=2015-10-18&rft.aulast=Losekann&rft.aufirst=Marcos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Ffantastico%2Fnoticia%2F2015%2F10%2Fdocumentos-mostram-que-tsunami-atingiu-costa-brasileira-seculo-xviii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blanc P.-L. (2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/9/725/2009/nhess-9-725-2009.pdf">Earthquakes and tsunami in November 1755 in Morocco: a different reading of contemporaneous documentary sources</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nat._Hazards_Earth_Syst._Sci." class="mw-redirect" title="Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.">Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.</a></i> 2009; 9: 725–738.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pereira (2006), pp. 8–9, 33–9921.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Li&Lin-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Li&Lin_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121222021717/http://academics.tjhsst.edu/canoe/hum/gw/WesternEU/group7/lisbonearthquake.doc">"A Comprehensive Report of the Great Lisbon Earthquake"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academics.tjhsst.edu/canoe/hum/gw/WesternEU/group7/lisbonearthquake.doc">the original</a> on 22 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Comprehensive+Report+of+the+Great+Lisbon+Earthquake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademics.tjhsst.edu%2Fcanoe%2Fhum%2Fgw%2FWesternEU%2Fgroup7%2Flisbonearthquake.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDynes,_Russell_R.2003" class="citation book cs1">Dynes, Russell R. (2003). <i>The Lisbon Earthquake in 1755: The First Modern Disaster</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lisbon+Earthquake+in+1755%3A+The+First+Modern+Disaster&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Dynes%2C+Russell+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._D._Kendrick" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/T._D._Kendrick" title="T. D. Kendrick">T. D. Kendrick</a>. <i>The Lisbon Earthquake</i>. p. 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lisbon+Earthquake&rft.pages=75&rft.au=T.+D.+Kendrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span> Kendrick writes that the remark is apocryphal and is attributed to other sources in anti-Pombal literature.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunn (2008), p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shrady, <i>The Last Day</i> pp. 152–155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kendrick-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kendrick_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lisbonearthquake010555mbp/lisbonearthquake010555mbp_djvu.txt"><i>The Lisbon Earthquake</i></a>. J.B. Lippincott Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lisbon+Earthquake&rft.pub=J.B.+Lippincott+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flisbonearthquake010555mbp%2Flisbonearthquake010555mbp_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPereira2009" class="citation journal cs1">Pereira, Alvaro S. (1 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-economic-history/article/div-classtitlethe-opportunity-of-a-disaster-the-economic-impact-of-the-1755-lisbon-earthquakediv/1B56CD03A5683C8A9452DE69E871BB54">"The Opportunity of a Disaster: The Economic Impact of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake"</a>. <i>The Journal of Economic History</i>. <b>69</b> (2): 466–499. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022050709000850">10.1017/S0022050709000850</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-6372">1471-6372</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29519289">29519289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Economic+History&rft.atitle=The+Opportunity+of+a+Disaster%3A+The+Economic+Impact+of+the+1755+Lisbon+Earthquake&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=466-499&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A29519289%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1471-6372&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022050709000850&rft.aulast=Pereira&rft.aufirst=Alvaro+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fjournal-of-economic-history%2Farticle%2Fdiv-classtitlethe-opportunity-of-a-disaster-the-economic-impact-of-the-1755-lisbon-earthquakediv%2F1B56CD03A5683C8A9452DE69E871BB54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Csmonitor.com-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Csmonitor.com_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2010/1028/Japan-tsunami-is-small-compared-to-five-of-world-s-biggest-tsunamis/1755-Lisbon-tsunami">"Japan tsunami is small compared to five of world's biggest tsunamis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i>. 28 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Japan+tsunami+is+small+compared+to+five+of+world%27s+biggest+tsunamis&rft.date=2010-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FGlobal-Issues%2F2010%2F1028%2FJapan-tsunami-is-small-compared-to-five-of-world-s-biggest-tsunamis%2F1755-Lisbon-tsunami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <ul><li>Kant, I. (1756a) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=448">"Von den Ursachen der Erderschütterungen bei Gelegenheit des Unglücks, welches die westliche Länder von Europa gegen das Ende des vorigen Jahres betroffen hat"</a> [On the causes of the earthquakes on the occasion of the disaster which affected the western countries of Europe towards the end of last year] In: Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences), ed.s (1902) <i>Kant's gesammelte Schriften</i> [Kant's collected writings] (in German) Berlin, Germany: G. Reimer. vol. 1, pp. 417–427.</li> <li>Kant, I. (1756b) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=460">"Geschichte und Naturbeschreibung der merkwürdigsten Vorfälle des Erdbebens, welches an dem Ende des 1755sten Jahres einen großen Theil der Erde erschüttert hat"</a> [History and description of the nature of the most remarkable events of the earthquake which shook a large part of the Earth at the end of the year 1755], ibid. pp. 429–461.</li> <li>Kant, I. (1756c) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=494">"Immanuel Kants fortgesetzte Betrachtung der seit einiger Zeit wahrgenommenen Erderschütterungen"</a> [Immanuel Kant's continued consideration of the earthquakes that were felt some time ago], ibid. pp. 463–472.</li> <li>Amador, Filomena (2004) "The causes of 1755 Lisbon earthquake on Kant" In: Escribano Benito, J.J.; Español González, L.; Martínez García, M.A., ed.s. <i>Actas VIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas</i> [Proceedings of the Eighth Congress of the Spanish Society of the History of the Sciences and Technology] (in English) Logroño, Spain: Sociedad Española de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas (Universidad de la Rioja), vol. 2, pp. 485–495.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamacher1996" class="citation book cs1">Hamacher, Werner (1996). <i>Premises: Essays on Philosophy and Literature from Kant to Celan</i>. Harvard University Press. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674700734" title="Special:BookSources/9780674700734"><bdi>9780674700734</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Premises%3A+Essays+on+Philosophy+and+Literature+from+Kant+to+Celan&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780674700734&rft.aulast=Hamacher&rft.aufirst=Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdeBoerSanders2005" class="citation book cs1">deBoer, Jelle; Sanders, Donald (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1266229674"><i>Earthquakes in Human History : The Far-Reaching Effects of Seismic Disruptions</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-23420-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-23420-5"><bdi>978-0-691-23420-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1266229674">1266229674</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earthquakes+in+Human+History+%3A+The+Far-Reaching+Effects+of+Seismic+Disruptions&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1266229674&rft.isbn=978-0-691-23420-5&rft.aulast=deBoer&rft.aufirst=Jelle&rft.au=Sanders%2C+Donald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1266229674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shrady, <i>The Last Day</i>, pp.145–146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKozákCermák2010" class="citation book cs1">Kozák, Jan; Cermák, Vladimir (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JUcX4-WFxOYC"><i>The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-90-481-3325-3">10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-481-3324-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-481-3324-6"><bdi>978-90-481-3324-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+History+of+Natural+Disasters&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-90-481-3325-3&rft.isbn=978-90-481-3324-6&rft.aulast=Koz%C3%A1k&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Cerm%C3%A1k%2C+Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJUcX4-WFxOYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_Fiske,_revised_by_Rachel_E._Cowgill2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Fiske" title="Roger Fiske">Roger Fiske</a>, revised by Rachel E. Cowgill (2001). "Carter, Richard". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove Music Online</a></i>. Oxford Music Online. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.05031">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carter%2C+Richard&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.series=Oxford+Music+Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.05031&rft.au=Roger+Fiske%2C+revised+by+Rachel+E.+Cowgill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhertor2014" class="citation web cs1">McWhertor, Michael (5 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/2014/8/5/5971421/assassins-creed-rogue-trailer-confirmed-ubisoft">"Assassin's Creed Rogue confirmed by Ubisoft – here's the first trailer"</a>. <i>Polygon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Assassin%27s+Creed+Rogue+confirmed+by+Ubisoft+%E2%80%93+here%27s+the+first+trailer&rft.date=2014-08-05&rft.aulast=McWhertor&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2014%2F8%2F5%2F5971421%2Fassassins-creed-rogue-trailer-confirmed-ubisoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Geophysical_Data_Center_/_World_Data_Service_(NGDC/WDS):_NCEI/WDS_Global_Significant_Earthquake_Database._NOAA_National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information1972" class="citation web cs1">National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1324">"Significant Earthquake Information"</a>. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7289%2FV5TD9V7K">10.7289/V5TD9V7K</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Significant+Earthquake+Information&rft.pub=NOAA+National+Centers+for+Environmental+Information&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7289%2FV5TD9V7K&rft.au=National+Geophysical+Data+Center+%2F+World+Data+Service+%28NGDC%2FWDS%29%3A+NCEI%2FWDS+Global+Significant+Earthquake+Database.+NOAA+National+Centers+for+Environmental+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngdc.noaa.gov%2Fhazel%2Fview%2Fhazards%2Fearthquake%2Fevent-more-info%2F1324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eaglegames.net/Lisboa-Deluxe-Edition-p/102109.htm">"Lisboa Deluxe Edition (Includes Upgrade Pack)"</a>. <i>eaglegames.net</i>. 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=eaglegames.net&rft.atitle=Lisboa+Deluxe+Edition+%28Includes+Upgrade+Pack%29&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eaglegames.net%2FLisboa-Deluxe-Edition-p%2F102109.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Benjamin, Walter</a>. "The Lisbon Earthquake." In <i>Selected Writings</i> vol. 2. Belknap, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-94586-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-94586-7">0-674-94586-7</a>. The often abstruse critic Benjamin gave a series of radio broadcasts for children in the early 1930s; this one, from 1931, discusses the Lisbon earthquake and summarizes some of its impact on European thought.</li> <li>Braun, Theodore E. D., and John B. Radner, eds. <i>The Lisbon Earthquake of 1755: Representations and Reactions</i> (<i>SVEC</i> 2005:02). Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7294-0857-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7294-0857-4">0-7294-0857-4</a>. Recent scholarly essays on the earthquake and its representations in art, with a focus on Voltaire. (In English and French.)</li> <li>Brooks, Charles B. <i>Disaster at Lisbon: The Great Earthquake of 1755</i>. Long Beach: Shangton Longley Press, 1994. (No apparent ISBN.) A narrative history.</li> <li>Chase, J. "The Great Earthquake at Lisbon (1755)". Colliers Magazine, 1920.</li> <li>Dynes, Russell Rowe. "The dialogue between Voltaire and Rousseau on the Lisbon earthquake: The emergence of a social science view." University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center, 1999.</li> <li>Fonseca, J. D. <i>1755, O Terramoto de Lisboa, The Lisbon Earthquake</i>. Argumentum, Lisbon, 2004.</li> <li>Gunn, A.M. "Encyclopedia of Disasters". Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-34002-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-34002-1">0-313-34002-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Hamacher" title="Werner Hamacher">Hamacher, Werner</a>. "The Quaking of Presentation." In <i>Premises: Essays on Philosophy and Literature from Kant to Celan</i>, pp. 261–293. Stanford University Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-3620-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-3620-0">0-8047-3620-0</a>.</li> <li>Kendrick, T.D. <i>The Lisbon Earthquake</i>. Philadelphia and New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1957.</li> <li>Molesky, Mark. <i>This Gulf of Fire: The Destruction of Lisbon, or Apocalypse in the Age of Science and Reason.</i> New York: Knopf, 2015.</li> <li>Neiman, Susan. <i>Evil in Modern Thought: An Alternative History of Modern Philosophy</i>. Princeton University Press, 2002. This book centers on philosophical reaction to the earthquake, arguing that the earthquake was responsible for modern conceptions of evil.</li> <li>Paice, Edward. <i>Wrath of God: The Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755</i>. London: Quercus, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84724-623-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84724-623-3">978-1-84724-623-3</a></li> <li>Pereira, A.S. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.york.ac.uk/media/economics/documents/cherrydiscussionpapers/0603.pdf">The Opportunity of a Disaster: The Economic Impact of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake</a>". Discussion Paper 06/03, Centre for Historical Economics and Related Research at York, York University, 2006.</li> <li>Quenet, Grégory. <i>Les tremblements de terre en France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. La naissance d'un risque</i>. Seyssel: Champ Vallon, 2005.</li> <li>Ray, Gene. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/yale_journal_of_criticism/v017/17.1ray.html">Reading the Lisbon Earthquake: Adorno, Lyotard, and the Contemporary Sublime</a>." <i>Yale Journal of Criticism</i> 17.1 (2004): pp. 1–18.</li> <li>Seco e Pinto, P.S. (Editor). <i>Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering: Proceedings of the Second International Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 21–25 June 1999</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5809-116-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-5809-116-3">90-5809-116-3</a></li> <li>Shrady, Nicholas. <i>The Last Day: Wrath, Ruin & Reason in The Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755</i>, Penguin, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311460-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311460-4">978-0-14-311460-4</a></li> <li>Weinrich, Harald. "Literaturgeschichte eines Weltereignisses: Das Erdbeben von Lissabon." In <i>Literatur für Leser</i>, pp. 64–76. Stuttgart: <a href="/wiki/Kohlhammer_Verlag" title="Kohlhammer Verlag">Kohlhammer Verlag</a>, 1971. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-17-087225-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-17-087225-7">3-17-087225-7</a>. In German. Cited by Hamacher as a broad survey of philosophical and literary reactions to the Lisbon earthquake.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFonseca2020" class="citation cs2">Fonseca, Joao F. B. D. (2020), "A Reassessment of the Magnitude of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake", <i>Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America</i>, <b>110</b> (1): 1–17, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020BuSSA.110....1F">2020BuSSA.110....1F</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1785%2F0120190198">10.1785/0120190198</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213399185">213399185</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Seismological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+Reassessment+of+the+Magnitude+of+the+1755+Lisbon+Earthquake&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-17&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213399185%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1785%2F0120190198&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020BuSSA.110....1F&rft.aulast=Fonseca&rft.aufirst=Joao+F.+B.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1755+Lisbon+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Martínez-Loriente, S., Sallarès, V. & Gràcia, E. The Horseshoe Abyssal plain Thrust could be the source of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami. Commun Earth Environ 2, 145 (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00216-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00216-5</a></li> <li>Paice, Edward: "Wrath of God", Quercus History (2008)</li> <li>Wilke, Jürgen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/european-media/european-media-events/juergen-wilke-the-lisbon-earthquake-1755?set_language=en&-C="><i>The Lisbon Earthquake (1755)</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieg-ego.eu/">EGO – European History Online</a>, Mainz: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieg-mainz.de/likecms/index.php">Institute of European History</a>, 2017, retrieved: 17 March 2021 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/1175651648/34">pdf</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_Lisbon_earthquake&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header"><span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to">Listen to this article</span> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">16</span> minutes</span>)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="953" data-mwtitle="En-1755_Lisbon_earthquake-article.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/En-1755_Lisbon_earthquake-article.oga" type="audio/ogg; 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Charles Davy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ht0W2E9g8cA">Tsunami Forecast Model Animation: Lisbon 1755</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Tsunami_Warning_Center" title="Pacific Tsunami Warning Center">Pacific Tsunami Warning Center</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Years_in_Portugal_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Portugal&#124;link=Portugal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Years_in_Portugal" title="Template:Years in Portugal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Years_in_Portugal" title="Template 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="12th-15th_centuries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">12th-15th centuries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1139_in_Portugal" title="1139 in Portugal">1139</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1140s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1140s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1140s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1150s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1150s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1150s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1160s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1160s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1160s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1170s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1170s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1170s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1180s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1180s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1180s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1190s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1190s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1190s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1200s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1200s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1200s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1210s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1210s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1210s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1220s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1220s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1220s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1230s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1230s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1230s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1240s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1240s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1240s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1250s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1250s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1250s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1260s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1260s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1260s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1270s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1270s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1270s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1280s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1280s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1280s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1290s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1290s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1290s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1300s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1300s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1300s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1310s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1310s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1310s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1320s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1320s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1320s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1330s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1330s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1330s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1340s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1340s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1340s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1350s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1350s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1350s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1360s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1360s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1360s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1370s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1370s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1370s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1380s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1380s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1380s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1390s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1390s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1390s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1400s_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1400s in Portugal (page does not exist)">1400s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1410s_in_Portugal" title="Category:1410s in Portugal">1410s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1420s_in_Portugal" title="Category:1420s in Portugal">1420s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1430s_in_Portugal" title="Category:1430s in Portugal">1430s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1440s_in_Portugal" title="Category:1440s in Portugal">1440s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1450s_in_Portugal" title="Category:1450s in Portugal">1450s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1460s_in_Portugal" title="Category:1460s in Portugal">1460s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1470s_in_Portugal" title="Category:1470s in Portugal">1470s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1480s_in_Portugal" title="Category:1480s in Portugal">1480s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1490s_in_Portugal" title="Category:1490s in Portugal">1490s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1500_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1500 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="16th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">16th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1501_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1501 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1501</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1502_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1502 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1502</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1503_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1503 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1503</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1504_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1504 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1504</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1505_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1505 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1505</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1506_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1506 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1506</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1507_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1507 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1508_in_Portugal" title="1508 in Portugal">1508</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1509_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1509 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1510_in_Portugal" title="1510 in Portugal">1510</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1511_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1511 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1511</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1512_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1512 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1512</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1513_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1513 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1513</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1514_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1514 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1514</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1515_in_Portugal" title="1515 in Portugal">1515</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1516_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1516 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1516</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1517_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1517 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1517</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1518_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1518 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1518</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1519_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1519 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1519</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1520_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1520 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1520</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1521_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1521 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1521</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1522_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1522 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1522</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1523_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1523 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1523</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1524_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1524 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1524</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1525_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1525 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1525</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1526_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1526 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1526</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1527_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1527 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1527</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1528_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1528 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1528</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1529_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1529 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1529</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1530_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1530 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1531_in_Portugal" title="1531 in Portugal">1531</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1532_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1532 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1532</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1533_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1533 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1533</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1534_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1534 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1534</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1535_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1535 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1535</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1536_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1536 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1536</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1537_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1537 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1537</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1538_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1538 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1539_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1539 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1539</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1540_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1540 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1540</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1541_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1541 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1541</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1542_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1542 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1542</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1543_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1543 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1543</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1544_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1544 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1544</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1545_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1545 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1545</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1546_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1546 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1546</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1547_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1547 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1547</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1548_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1548 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1548</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1549_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1549 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1549</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1550_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1550 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1550</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1551_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1551 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1551</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1552_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1552 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1552</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1553_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1553 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1553</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1554_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1554 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1554</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1555_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1555 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1555</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1556_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1556 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1557_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1557 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1557</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1558_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1558 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1558</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1559_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1559 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1559</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1560_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1560 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1560</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1561_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1561 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1561</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1562_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1562 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1562</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1563_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1563 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1563</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1564_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1564 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1564</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1565_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1565 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1565</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1566_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1566 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1566</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1567_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1567 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1567</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1568_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1568 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1568</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1569_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1569 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1569</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1570_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1570 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1570</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1571_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1571 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1571</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1572_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1572 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1572</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1573_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1573 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1573</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1574_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1574 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1574</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1575_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1575 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1575</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1576_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1576 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1576</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1577_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1577 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1577</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1578_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1578 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1579_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1579 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1579</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1580_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1580 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1580</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1581_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1581 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1581</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1582_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1582 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1582</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1583_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1583 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1583</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1584_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1584 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1584</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1585_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1585 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1585</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1586_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1586 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1586</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1587_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1587 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1587</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1588_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1588 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1588</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1589_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1589 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1589</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1590_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1590 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1590</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1591_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1591 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1591</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1592_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1592 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1592</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1593_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1593 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1593</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1594_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1594 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1594</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1595_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1595 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1595</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1596_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1596 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1596</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1597_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1597 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1597</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1598_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1598 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1598</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1599_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1599 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1599</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1600_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1600 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1600</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="17th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">17th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1601_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1601 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1601</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1602_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1602 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1602</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1603_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1603 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1603</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1604_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1604 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1604</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1605_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1605 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1605</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1606_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1606 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1606</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1607_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1607 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1607</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1608_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1608 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1608</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1609_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1609 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1609</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1610_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1610 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1610</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1611_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1611 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1611</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1612_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1612 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1612</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1613_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1613 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1613</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1614_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1614 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1614</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1615_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1615 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1615</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1616_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1616 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1616</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1617_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1617 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1617</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1618_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1618 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1618</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1619 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1619</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1620_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1620 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1620</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1621_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1621 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1621</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1622_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1622 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1622</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1623_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1623 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1623</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1624_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1624 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1624</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1625_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1625 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1625</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1626_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1626 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1626</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1627_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1627 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1627</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1628_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1628 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1628</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1629_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1629 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1630_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1630 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1630</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1631_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1631 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1631</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1632_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1632 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1632</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1633_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1633 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1633</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1634_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1634 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1634</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1635_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1635 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1635</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1636_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1636 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1636</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1637_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1637 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1637</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1638_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1638 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1638</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1639_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1639 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1639</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1640_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1640 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1640</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1641_in_Portugal" title="1641 in Portugal">1641</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1642_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1642 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1642</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1643_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1643 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1644_in_Portugal" title="1644 in Portugal">1644</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1645_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1645 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1645</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1646_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1646 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1646</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1647_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1647 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1647</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1648_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1648 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1648</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1649_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1649 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1649</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1650_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1650 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1650</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1651_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1651 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1651</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1652_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1652 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1652</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1653_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1653 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1653</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1654_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1654 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1654</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1655_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1655 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1655</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1656_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1656 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1656</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1657_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1657 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1657</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1658_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1658 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1658</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1659_in_Portugal" title="1659 in Portugal">1659</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1660_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1660 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1660</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1661_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1661 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1661</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1662_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1662 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1662</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1663_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1663 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1663</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1664_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1664 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1664</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1665_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1665 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1665</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1666_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1666 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1666</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1667_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1667 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1667</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1668_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1668 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1668</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1669_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1669 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1669</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1670_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1670 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1670</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1671_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1671 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1671</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1672_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1672 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1672</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1673_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1673 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1673</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1674_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1674 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1674</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1675_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1675 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1675</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1676_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1676 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1676</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1677_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1677 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1678_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1678 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1678</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1679_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1679 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1679</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1680_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1680 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1680</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1681_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1681 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1681</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1682_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1682 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1682</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1683_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1683 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1683</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1684_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1684 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1684</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1685_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1685 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1685</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1686_in_Portugal" title="1686 in Portugal">1686</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1687_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1687 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1687</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1688_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1688 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1688</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1689_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1689 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1689</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1690_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1690 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1690</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1691_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1691 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1691</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1692_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1692 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1692</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1693_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1693 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1693</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1694_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1694 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1694</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1695_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1695 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1695</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1696_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1696 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1696</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1697_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1697 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1697</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1698_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1698 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1698</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1699_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1699 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1699</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1700_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1700 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1700</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="18th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">18th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1701_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1701 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1701</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1702_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1702 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1702</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1703_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1703 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1703</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1704_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1704 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1704</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1705_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1705 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1705</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1706_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1706 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1706</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1707_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1707 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1707</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1708_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1708 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1708</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1709_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1709 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1709</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1710_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1710 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1710</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1711_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1711 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1711</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1712_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1712 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1712</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1713_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1713 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1713</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1714_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1714 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1714</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1715_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1715 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1715</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1716_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1716 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1716</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1717_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1717 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1717</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1718_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1718 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1718</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1719_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1719 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1719</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1720_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1720 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1720</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1721_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1721 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1721</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1722_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1722 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1722</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1723_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1723 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1723</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1724_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1724 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1724</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1725_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1725 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1725</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1726_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1726 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1726</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1727_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1727 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1727</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1728_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1728 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1728</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1729_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1729 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1729</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1730_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1730 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1730</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1731_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1731 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1731</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1732_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1732 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1732</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1733_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1733 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1733</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1734_in_Portugal" title="1734 in Portugal">1734</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1735_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1735 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1735</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1736_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1736 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1736</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1737_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1737 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1737</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1738_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1738 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1738</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1739_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1739 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1739</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1740_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1740 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1740</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1741_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1741 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1741</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1742_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1742 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1742</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1743_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1743 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1743</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1744_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1744 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1744</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1745_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1745 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1746_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1746 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1746</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1747_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1747 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1747</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1748_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1748 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1748</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1749_in_Portugal" title="1749 in Portugal">1749</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1750_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1750 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1750</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1751_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1751 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1751</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1752_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1752 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1752</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1753_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1753 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1753</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1754_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1754 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1754</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1755_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1755 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1755</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1756_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1756 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1756</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1757_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1757 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1757</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1758_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1758 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1758</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1759_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1759 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1759</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1760_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1760 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1760</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1761_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1761 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1761</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1762_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1762 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1762</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1763_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1763 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1763</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1764_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1764 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1764</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1765_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1765 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1765</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1766_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1766 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1766</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1767_in_Portugal" title="1767 in Portugal">1767</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1768_in_Portugal" title="1768 in Portugal">1768</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1769_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1769 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1769</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1770_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1770 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1770</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1771_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1771 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1771</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1772_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1772 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1772</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1773_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1773 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1773</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1774_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1774 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1774</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1775_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1775 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1775</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1776 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1776</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1777_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1777 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1777</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1778_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1778 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1778</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1779_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1779 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1779</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1780_in_Portugal" title="1780 in Portugal">1780</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1781_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1781 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1781</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1782_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1782 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1782</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1783_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1783 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1783</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1784_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1784 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1784</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1785_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1785 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1785</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1786_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1786 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1786</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1787_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1787 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1787</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1788 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1788</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1789_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1789 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1789</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1790_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1790 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1791_in_Portugal" title="1791 in Portugal">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1792_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1792 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1793_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1793 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1794_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1794 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1794</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1795_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1795 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1795</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1796_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1796 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1797_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1797 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1797</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1798_in_Portugal" title="1798 in Portugal">1798</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1799_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1799 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1799</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1800_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1800 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1800</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="19th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">19th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1801_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1801 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1802_in_Portugal" title="1802 in Portugal">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1803_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1803 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1803</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1804_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1804 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1804</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1805_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1805 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1805</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1806_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1806 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1806</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1807_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1807 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1807</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1808_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1808 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1808</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1809_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1809 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1809</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1810_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1810 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1811_in_Portugal" title="1811 in Portugal">1811</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1812_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1812 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1813_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1813 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1813</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1814_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1814 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1815_in_Portugal" title="1815 in Portugal">1815</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1816_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1816 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1816</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1817_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1817 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1817</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1818_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1818 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1818</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1819_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1819 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1819</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_in_Portugal" title="1820 in Portugal">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1821_in_Portugal" title="1821 in Portugal">1821</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1822_in_Portugal" title="1822 in Portugal">1822</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1823_in_Portugal" title="1823 in Portugal">1823</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_in_Portugal" title="1824 in Portugal">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1825_in_Portugal" title="1825 in Portugal">1825</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1826_in_Portugal" title="1826 in Portugal">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1827_in_Portugal" title="1827 in Portugal">1827</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1828_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1828 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1829_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1829 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1829</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1830_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1830 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1831_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1831 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1832_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1832 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1833_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1833 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1833</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1834_in_Portugal" title="1834 in Portugal">1834</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_in_Portugal" title="1835 in Portugal">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1836_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1836 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1837_in_Portugal" title="1837 in Portugal">1837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1838_in_Portugal" title="1838 in Portugal">1838</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1839 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_in_Portugal" title="1840 in Portugal">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1841_in_Portugal" title="1841 in Portugal">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1842_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1842 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1842</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1843_in_Portugal" title="1843 in Portugal">1843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_in_Portugal" title="1844 in Portugal">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1845_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1845 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1846_in_Portugal" title="1846 in Portugal">1846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1847_in_Portugal" title="1847 in Portugal">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1848_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1848 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1849_in_Portugal" title="1849 in Portugal">1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1850_in_Portugal" title="1850 in Portugal">1850</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1851_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1851 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1851</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1852_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1852 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_Portugal" title="1853 in Portugal">1853</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1854_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1854 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1855_in_Portugal" title="1855 in Portugal">1855</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1856 in Portugal (page does not exist)">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_in_Portugal" title="1857 in Portugal">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1858_in_Portugal" title="1858 in Portugal">1858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_in_Portugal" title="1859 in Portugal">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_in_Portugal" title="1860 in Portugal">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1861_in_Portugal" title="1861 in Portugal">1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1862_in_Portugal" title="1862 in Portugal">1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_in_Portugal" title="1863 in Portugal">1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_Portugal" title="1864 in Portugal">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_in_Portugal" title="1865 in Portugal">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_in_Portugal" title="1866 in Portugal">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_in_Portugal" title="1867 in Portugal">1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_Portugal" title="1868 in Portugal">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_in_Portugal" title="1869 in Portugal">1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_in_Portugal" title="1870 in Portugal">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_in_Portugal" title="1871 in Portugal">1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_in_Portugal" title="1872 in Portugal">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_Portugal" title="1873 in Portugal">1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_in_Portugal" title="1874 in Portugal">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_in_Portugal" title="1875 in Portugal">1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_in_Portugal" title="1876 in Portugal">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_in_Portugal" title="1877 in Portugal">1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_in_Portugal" title="1878 in Portugal">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_in_Portugal" title="1879 in Portugal">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_in_Portugal" title="1880 in Portugal">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_in_Portugal" title="1881 in Portugal">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1882_in_Portugal" title="1882 in Portugal">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883_in_Portugal" title="1883 in Portugal">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_in_Portugal" title="1884 in Portugal">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_in_Portugal" title="1885 in Portugal">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_in_Portugal" title="1886 in Portugal">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_in_Portugal" title="1887 in Portugal">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_in_Portugal" title="1888 in Portugal">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1889_in_Portugal" title="1889 in Portugal">1889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_in_Portugal" title="1890 in Portugal">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_in_Portugal" title="1891 in Portugal">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_in_Portugal" title="1892 in Portugal">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_Portugal" title="1893 in Portugal">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_in_Portugal" title="1894 in Portugal">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_in_Portugal" title="1895 in Portugal">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_in_Portugal" title="1896 in Portugal">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_in_Portugal" title="1897 in Portugal">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_in_Portugal" title="1898 in Portugal">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Portugal" title="1899 in Portugal">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Portugal" title="1900 in Portugal">1900</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="20th_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">20th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901_in_Portugal" title="1901 in Portugal">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_in_Portugal" title="1902 in Portugal">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_in_Portugal" title="1903 in Portugal">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_in_Portugal" title="1904 in Portugal">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_in_Portugal" title="1905 in Portugal">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_in_Portugal" title="1906 in Portugal">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_in_Portugal" title="1907 in Portugal">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_in_Portugal" title="1908 in Portugal">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_in_Portugal" title="1909 in Portugal">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_in_Portugal" title="1910 in Portugal">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_in_Portugal" title="1911 in Portugal">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_in_Portugal" title="1912 in Portugal">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Portugal" title="1913 in Portugal">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Portugal" title="1914 in Portugal">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_in_Portugal" title="1915 in Portugal">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_in_Portugal" title="1916 in Portugal">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_in_Portugal" title="1917 in Portugal">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_in_Portugal" title="1918 in Portugal">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_in_Portugal" title="1919 in Portugal">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_in_Portugal" title="1920 in Portugal">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_in_Portugal" title="1921 in Portugal">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_in_Portugal" title="1922 in Portugal">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_in_Portugal" title="1923 in Portugal">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_in_Portugal" title="1924 in Portugal">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_in_Portugal" title="1925 in Portugal">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_in_Portugal" title="1926 in Portugal">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_in_Portugal" title="1927 in Portugal">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_in_Portugal" title="1928 in Portugal">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_in_Portugal" title="1929 in Portugal">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_in_Portugal" title="1930 in Portugal">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Portugal" title="1931 in Portugal">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_in_Portugal" title="1932 in Portugal">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_in_Portugal" title="1933 in Portugal">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_in_Portugal" title="1934 in Portugal">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_in_Portugal" title="1935 in Portugal">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_in_Portugal" title="1936 in Portugal">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_in_Portugal" title="1937 in Portugal">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Portugal" title="1938 in Portugal">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_in_Portugal" title="1939 in Portugal">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_in_Portugal" title="1940 in Portugal">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_in_Portugal" title="1941 in Portugal">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Portugal" title="1942 in Portugal">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_in_Portugal" title="1943 in Portugal">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_in_Portugal" title="1944 in Portugal">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_in_Portugal" title="1945 in Portugal">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_in_Portugal" title="1946 in Portugal">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_in_Portugal" title="1947 in Portugal">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Portugal" title="1948 in Portugal">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_in_Portugal" title="1949 in Portugal">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_in_Portugal" title="1950 in Portugal">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_in_Portugal" title="1951 in Portugal">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_in_Portugal" title="1952 in Portugal">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_in_Portugal" title="1953 in Portugal">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_in_Portugal" title="1954 in Portugal">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_in_Portugal" title="1955 in Portugal">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_in_Portugal" title="1956 in Portugal">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_in_Portugal" title="1957 in Portugal">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_in_Portugal" title="1958 in Portugal">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_in_Portugal" title="1959 in Portugal">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_in_Portugal" title="1960 in Portugal">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_in_Portugal" title="1961 in Portugal">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_in_Portugal" title="1962 in Portugal">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_in_Portugal" title="1963 in Portugal">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_in_Portugal" title="1964 in Portugal">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_in_Portugal" title="1965 in Portugal">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_in_Portugal" title="1966 in Portugal">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_in_Portugal" title="1967 in Portugal">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_in_Portugal" title="1968 in Portugal">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_in_Portugal" title="1969 in Portugal">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_Portugal" title="1970 in Portugal">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_in_Portugal" title="1971 in Portugal">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_in_Portugal" title="1972 in Portugal">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_in_Portugal" title="1973 in Portugal">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_Portugal" title="1974 in Portugal">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_in_Portugal" title="1975 in Portugal">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_Portugal" title="1976 in Portugal">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_in_Portugal" title="1977 in Portugal">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_Portugal" title="1978 in Portugal">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_Portugal" title="1979 in Portugal">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Portugal" title="1980 in Portugal">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_Portugal" title="1981 in Portugal">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_Portugal" title="1982 in Portugal">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Portugal" title="1983 in Portugal">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_Portugal" title="1984 in Portugal">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_in_Portugal" title="1985 in Portugal">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_Portugal" title="1986 in Portugal">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_in_Portugal" title="1987 in Portugal">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_in_Portugal" title="1988 in Portugal">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_Portugal" title="1989 in Portugal">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Portugal" title="1990 in Portugal">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Portugal" title="1991 in Portugal">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_Portugal" title="1992 in Portugal">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_Portugal" title="1993 in Portugal">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_Portugal" title="1994 in Portugal">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_Portugal" title="1995 in Portugal">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_Portugal" title="1996 in Portugal">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_Portugal" title="1997 in Portugal">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_Portugal" title="1998 in Portugal">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_Portugal" title="1999 in Portugal">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_Portugal" title="2000 in Portugal">2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="21st_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">21st century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Portugal" title="2001 in Portugal">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_Portugal" title="2002 in Portugal">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Portugal" title="2003 in Portugal">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Portugal" title="2004 in Portugal">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Portugal" title="2005 in Portugal">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Portugal" title="2006 in Portugal">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Portugal" title="2007 in Portugal">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Portugal" title="2008 in Portugal">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Portugal" title="2009 in Portugal">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Portugal" title="2010 in Portugal">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Portugal" title="2011 in Portugal">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_Portugal" title="2012 in Portugal">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Portugal" title="2013 in Portugal">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Portugal" title="2014 in Portugal">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Portugal" title="2015 in Portugal">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Portugal" title="2016 in Portugal">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Portugal" title="2017 in Portugal">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Portugal" title="2018 in Portugal">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Portugal" title="2019 in Portugal">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Portugal" title="2020 in Portugal">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Portugal" title="2021 in Portugal">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Portugal" title="2022 in Portugal">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Portugal" title="2023 in Portugal">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Portugal" title="2024 in Portugal">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portugal_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portugal_topics" title="Template:Portugal topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portugal_topics" title="Template talk:Portugal topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portugal_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portugal topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portugal_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Portugal-related_articles" title="Index of Portugal-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal" title="History of Portugal">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Portuguese_history" title="Timeline of Portuguese history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oestriminis" title="Oestriminis">Oestriminis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophiussa" title="Ophiussa">Ophiussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitanians" title="Lusitanians">Lusitanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_tribe" title="Buri tribe">Buri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">County of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zamora" title="Treaty of Zamora">Treaty of Zamora</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifestis_Probatum" title="Manifestis Probatum">Manifestis Probatum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1383%E2%80%931385_Portuguese_interregnum" title="1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum">1383–1385 interregnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Windsor_(1386)" title="Treaty of Windsor (1386)">Treaty of Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Portugal in the Middle Ages">Consolidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1415%E2%80%931578)" title="History of Portugal (1415–1578)">Portuguese golden age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Renaissance" title="Portuguese Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Restoration War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1755 Lisbon earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1761_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1761 Lisbon earthquake">1761 Lisbon earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1777%E2%80%931834)" title="History of Portugal (1777–1834)">History of Portugal (1777–1834)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves" title="United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves">United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Revolution_of_1820" title="Liberal Revolution of 1820">Liberal Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Wars" title="Liberal Wars">Liberal Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1834%E2%80%931910)" title="History of Portugal (1834–1910)">Constitutional monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Portuguese_Republic" title="First Portuguese Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_May_1926_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="28 May 1926 coup d'état">28 de Maio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Overseas War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Portuguese_Republic" title="Third Portuguese Republic">Third Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Portugal" title="Economic history of Portugal">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Portugal" title="Military history of Portugal">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Portugal" title="Music history of Portugal">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portuguese" title="History of Portuguese">Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Portuguese_shield.svg/80px-Portuguese_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Portuguese_shield.svg/120px-Portuguese_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Portuguese_shield.svg/160px-Portuguese_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="342" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Portugal" title="Geography of Portugal">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Portugal" title="List of cities in Portugal">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Portugal" title="List of mountains in Portugal">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Portugal" title="List of islands of Portugal">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Portugal" title="List of lakes of Portugal">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Portugal" title="List of rivers of Portugal">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Portugal" title="List of earthquakes in Portugal">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Portugal" title="List of volcanoes in Portugal">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Portugal" title="Politics of Portugal">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Portugal" title="Constitution of Portugal">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Portugal" title="Elections in Portugal">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Portugal" title="Foreign relations of Portugal">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portugal" title="Government of Portugal">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Portugal" title="Judiciary of Portugal">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Portugal" title="Law of Portugal">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Portugal" title="Law enforcement in Portugal">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Portugal" title="Human rights in Portugal">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Portugal">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Portugal" title="List of political parties in Portugal">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Portugal" title="Economy of Portugal">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Portugal" title="Agriculture in Portugal">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_de_Portugal" title="Banco de Portugal">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Portugal" title="Economic history of Portugal">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Portugal" title="Energy in Portugal">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Portugal" title="Exclusive economic zone of Portugal">Exclusive Economic Zone <span style="font-size:85%;">(EEZ)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Portugal">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Portugal" title="Mining in Portugal">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Portugal" title="Science and technology in Portugal">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Lisbon" title="Euronext Lisbon">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Portugal" title="Telecommunications in Portugal">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Portugal" title="Tourism in Portugal">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Portugal" title="Transport in Portugal">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Portugal" title="Category:Society of Portugal">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Portugal" title="Crime in Portugal">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Portugal" title="Demographics of Portugal">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Portugal" title="Drug policy of Portugal">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Portugal" title="Education in Portugal">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Portugal" title="Health in Portugal">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Portugal" title="Homelessness in Portugal">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Portugal" title="Housing in Portugal">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Portugal" title="Immigration to Portugal">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Portugal" title="Languages of Portugal">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Portugal" title="Naturism in Portugal">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Portugal">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Portugal" title="Prostitution in Portugal">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Portugal" title="Time in Portugal">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Portugal" title="Women in Portugal">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Portugal" title="Culture of Portugal">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_architecture" title="Portuguese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_wine" title="Portuguese wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_literature" title="Portuguese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Portugal" title="Mass media in Portugal">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_monuments_of_Portugal" title="List of national monuments of Portugal">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Portugal" title="Public holidays in Portugal">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Portugal" title="Sport in Portugal">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Portugal" title="National symbols of Portugal">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Portugal" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Portugal">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Portugal" title="Outline of Portugal">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Portugal-related_articles" title="Index of Portugal-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portugal" title="Category:Portugal">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portugal" title="Portal:Portugal">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18th-century_earthquakes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:18th-century_earthquakes" title="Template:18th-century earthquakes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:18th-century_earthquakes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:18th-century earthquakes (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:18th-century_earthquakes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:18th-century earthquakes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="18th-century_earthquakes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_earthquakes" title="List of historical earthquakes">18th-century earthquakes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1700s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1700_Cascadia_earthquake" title="1700 Cascadia earthquake">1700 Cascadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1703_Apennine_earthquakes" title="1703 Apennine earthquakes">1703 Apennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1703_Genroku_earthquake" title="1703 Genroku earthquake">1703 Genroku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1707_H%C5%8Dei_earthquake" title="1707 Hōei earthquake">1707 Hōei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1709_Zhongwei_earthquake" title="1709 Zhongwei earthquake">1709 Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1710s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1714_Bhutan_earthquake" title="1714 Bhutan earthquake">1714 Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1716_Algiers_earthquake" title="1716 Algiers earthquake">1716 Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1717_Guatemala_earthquake" title="1717 Guatemala earthquake">1717 Guatemala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1720s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1721_Tabriz_earthquake" title="1721 Tabriz earthquake">1721 Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1722_Algarve_earthquake" title="1722 Algarve earthquake">1722 Algarve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1727_Tabriz_earthquake" title="1727 Tabriz earthquake">1727 Tabriz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1730s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1730_Valpara%C3%ADso_earthquake" title="1730 Valparaíso earthquake">1730 Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1732_Montreal_earthquake" title="1732 Montreal earthquake">1732 Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1732_Irpinia_earthquake" title="1732 Irpinia earthquake">1732 Irpinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1733_Dongchuan_earthquake" title="1733 Dongchuan earthquake">1733 Dongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1737_Kamchatka_earthquake" title="1737 Kamchatka earthquake">1737 Kamchatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1737_Valdivia_earthquake" title="1737 Valdivia earthquake">1737 Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1738_Dangjiang_earthquake" title="1738 Dangjiang earthquake">1738 Dangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1738_Vrancea_earthquake" title="1738 Vrancea earthquake">1738 Vrancea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1739_Yinchuan%E2%80%93Pingluo_earthquake" title="1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo earthquake">1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1740s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1746_Lima%E2%80%93Callao_earthquake" title="1746 Lima–Callao earthquake">1746 Lima–Callao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1750s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1751_Takada_earthquake" title="1751 Takada earthquake">1751 Takada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1751_Concepci%C3%B3n_earthquake" title="1751 Concepción earthquake">1751 Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1751_Port-au-Prince_earthquake" title="1751 Port-au-Prince earthquake">1751 Port-au-Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1754_Cairo_earthquake" title="1754 Cairo earthquake">1754 Cairo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1755 Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1755_Cape_Ann_earthquake" title="1755 Cape Ann earthquake">1755 Cape Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1755_Meknes_earthquake" title="1755 Meknes earthquake">1755 Meknes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1756_D%C3%BCren_earthquake" title="1756 Düren earthquake">1756 Düren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1759_Near_East_earthquakes" title="1759 Near East earthquakes">1759 Near East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1760s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1761_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1761 Lisbon earthquake">1761 Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1762_Arakan_earthquake" title="1762 Arakan earthquake">1762 Arakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1763_Kom%C3%A1rom_earthquake" title="1763 Komárom earthquake">1763 Komárom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1766_Istanbul_earthquake" title="1766 Istanbul earthquake">1766 Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1766_Cuba_earthquake" title="1766 Cuba earthquake">1766 Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1766_Marmara_earthquake" title="1766 Marmara earthquake">1766 Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1766_Southeastern_Caribbean_earthquake" title="1766 Southeastern Caribbean earthquake">1766 Southeastern Caribbean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1770s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1770_Port-au-Prince_earthquake" title="1770 Port-au-Prince earthquake">1770 Port-au-Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1771_Great_Yaeyama_Tsunami" title="1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami">1771 Great Yaeyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1773_Guatemala_earthquake" title="1773 Guatemala earthquake">1773 Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1778_Kashan_earthquake" title="1778 Kashan earthquake">1778 Kashan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1780s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1780_Tabriz_earthquake" title="1780 Tabriz earthquake">1780 Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1780_Java_earthquake" title="1780 Java earthquake">1780 Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1782_Mendoza_earthquake" title="1782 Mendoza earthquake">1782 Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1783_Calabrian_earthquakes" title="1783 Calabrian earthquakes">1783 Calabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1783_New_Jersey_earthquake" title="1783 New Jersey earthquake">1783 New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1784_Erzincan_earthquake" title="1784 Erzincan earthquake">1784 Erzincan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1786_Kangding-Luding_earthquake" title="1786 Kangding-Luding earthquake">1786 Kangding-Luding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1787_New_Spain_earthquake" title="1787 New Spain earthquake">1787 New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1787_Boricua_earthquake" title="1787 Boricua earthquake">1787 Boricua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1790s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1790_Oran_earthquake" title="1790 Oran earthquake">1790 Oran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_Unzen_landslide_and_tsunami" title="1792 Unzen landslide and tsunami">1792 Unzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1797_Riobamba_earthquake" title="1797 Riobamba earthquake">1797 Riobamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1797_Sumatra_earthquake" title="1797 Sumatra earthquake">1797 Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1799_Vend%C3%A9e_earthquake" title="1799 Vendée earthquake">1799 Vendée</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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