CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Lusitanians - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b748f904-8c71-49a3-b935-301c1c391b38","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Lusitanians","wgTitle":"Lusitanians","wgCurRevisionId":1280937469,"wgRevisionId":1280937469,"wgArticleId":620165,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)","Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt)","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)","CS1 maint: archived copy as title","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from May 2009","All articles needing additional references","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with hAudio microformats","Spoken articles","Lusitanians","Tribes of Lusitania","Historical Celtic peoples","Ancient peoples of Portugal","Indo-European peoples"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Lusitanians","wgRelevantArticleId":620165,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q837549","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Lusitanians - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitanians"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitanians"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Lusitanians rootpage-Lusitanians skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lusitanians" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lusitanians" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lusitanians" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lusitanians" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wars_with_Rome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wars_with_Rome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Wars with Rome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wars_with_Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Romanization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tribes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tribes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tribes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warfare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warfare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Warfare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_meaning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_meaning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Contemporary meaning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_meaning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lusitanians</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="لوسيتانيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لوسيتانيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B" title="লুসিতানো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লুসিতানো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Лузітаны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лузітаны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Лузитани – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лузитани" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitans" title="Lusitans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lusitans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusit%C3%A1nov%C3%A9" title="Lusitánové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lusitánové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitaner" title="Lusitaner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lusitaner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitanos" title="Lusitanos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lusitanos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitanus" title="Lusitanus – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lusitanus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitaniar" title="Lusitaniar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lusitaniar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="لوسیتانی‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوسیتانی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitaniens" title="Lusitaniens – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lusitaniens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitanos" title="Lusitanos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lusitanos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%8B%9C%ED%83%80%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8" title="루시타니아인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루시타니아인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzitanci_(narod)" title="Luzitanci (narod) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Luzitanci (narod)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitani" title="Lusitani – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lusitani" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitani" title="Lusitani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lusitani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="לוסיטנים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוסיטנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzit%C4%81%C5%86i" title="Luzitāņi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Luzitāņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzit%C3%A1nok" title="Luzitánok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Luzitánok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitani%C3%ABrs" title="Lusitaniërs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lusitaniërs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitanere" title="Lusitanere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lusitanere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitanians" title="Lusitanians – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lusitanians" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzitanlar" title="Luzitanlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Luzitanlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzytanie" title="Luzytanie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Luzytanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitanos" title="Lusitanos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lusitanos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Лузитаны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лузитаны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Лузитанци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лузитанци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzitanci" title="Luzitanci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Luzitanci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitaanit" title="Lusitaanit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lusitaanit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitaner" title="Lusitaner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lusitaner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitaniler" title="Lusitaniler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lusitaniler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Лузітани – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лузітани" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E8%A5%BF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="卢西坦人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卢西坦人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q837549#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lusitanians" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Lusitanians" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lusitanians"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lusitanians"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Lusitanians" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Lusitanians" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&oldid=1280937469" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Lusitanians&id=1280937469&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLusitanians"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLusitanians"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lusitanians&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lusitanians" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q837549" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:En-Lusitanians-article.oga" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indo-European people who inhabited Lusitania, the Roman province corresponding to modern Portugal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Lusatian_culture" title="Lusatian culture">Lusatian culture</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lusitanians" title="Special:EditPage/Lusitanians">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lusitanians%22">"Lusitanians"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lusitanians%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lusitanians%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lusitanians%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lusitanians%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lusitanians%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Lusitanians</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were an <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a>-speaking people living in the far west of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, in present-day central <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castilla_y_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilla y Leon">Castilla y Leon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. It is uncertain whether the Lusitanians were Celticized Iberians or Celts, related to the <a href="/wiki/Lusones" title="Lusones">Lusones</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After its conquest by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Romans</a>, the land was subsequently incorporated as a Roman province named after them (<a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iberia_300BC-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Iberia_300BC-en.svg/250px-Iberia_300BC-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Iberia_300BC-en.svg/330px-Iberia_300BC-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Iberia_300BC-en.svg/500px-Iberia_300BC-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Ethnographic and Linguistic Map of the Iberian Peninsula at about 300 BCE (before the Carthaginian conquests).</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Frontinus" title="Frontinus">Frontinus</a> mentions Lusitanian leader <a href="/wiki/Viriathus" title="Viriathus">Viriathus</a> as the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a>, in their war against the Romans.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greco-Roman historian <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> likened them to another <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Celtic</a> tribe: "Those who are called Lusitanians are the bravest of all similar to the <a href="/wiki/Cimbri" title="Cimbri">Cimbri</a>". The Lusitanians were also called Belitanians, according to the diviner <a href="/wiki/Artemidorus" title="Artemidorus">Artemidorus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lusitania:_historia_y_etnología_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lusitania:_historia_y_etnología-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> differentiated the Lusitanians from the <a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberian tribes</a> and thought of them as being <a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a> who had been known as <a href="/wiki/Oestriminis" title="Oestriminis">Oestriminis</a> in ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, based on archeological findings, Lusitanians and <a href="/wiki/Vettones" title="Vettones">Vettones</a> seem to have been largely pre-Celtic Indo-European populations that adopted Celtic cultural elements by proximity. On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pomponius_Mela" title="Pomponius Mela">Pomponius Mela</a> distinguished the Lusitanians from neighboring Celtic groups in their geographical writings.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original Roman province of Lusitania briefly included the territories of the Astures and Gallaeci in the north, but these were soon ceded to the jurisdiction of the <i>Provincia Tarraconensis</i>, while the south remained the <i>Provincia Lusitania et <a href="/wiki/Vettones" title="Vettones">Vettones</a></i>. Later, <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a> would become its own province. After this, Lusitania's northern border was along the Douro River, while its eastern border passed through <i>Salmantica</i> and <i>Caesarobriga</i> to the <i>Anas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Guadiana" title="Guadiana">Guadiana</a>) river. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wars_with_Rome">Wars with Rome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wars with Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusitanian War">Lusitanian War</a></div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnographic_Iberia_200_BCE.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ethnographic_Iberia_200_BCE.PNG/250px-Ethnographic_Iberia_200_BCE.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ethnographic_Iberia_200_BCE.PNG/375px-Ethnographic_Iberia_200_BCE.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ethnographic_Iberia_200_BCE.PNG/500px-Ethnographic_Iberia_200_BCE.PNG 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Iberian Peninsula at about 200 BC <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110226102727/http://www.arkeotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.htm">Archived</a> 2011-02-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lusitanian <a href="/wiki/Mercenaries_of_the_ancient_Iberian_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercenaries of the ancient Iberian peninsula">mercenaries</a> fought for <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a> between the years 218 and 201 BC, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a> against Rome. <a href="/wiki/Silius_Italicus" title="Silius Italicus">Silius Italicus</a> describes them as forming a combined force with the <a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a> and both being led by a commander named <a href="/wiki/Viriathus_(Second_Punic_War)" title="Viriathus (Second Punic War)">Viriathus</a> (not to be confused with the similarly named chieftain).<sup id="cite_ref-SiliusI_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SiliusI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, Lusitanian and <a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberian</a> cavalry performed raids in the north of Italy whenever the terrain was too rough for Hannibal's famed <a href="/wiki/Numidian_cavalry" title="Numidian cavalry">Numidian cavalry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Daly_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daly-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 193 BC, the Lusitanians fought the Romans in Hispania. In 150 BC, they were defeated by Praetor Servius Galba: springing a treacherous trap, he killed 9,000 Lusitanians and later sold 20,000 more as slaves in <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>). This massacre would not be forgotten by <a href="/wiki/Viriathus" title="Viriathus">Viriathus</a>, who three years later (147 BC) would become the leader of the Lusitanians, and severely damaged the Roman rule in Lusitania and beyond. In 139 BC, Viriathus was betrayed and killed in his sleep by three of his companions (who had been sent as emissaries to the Romans), <a href="/wiki/Audax,_Ditalcus_and_Minurus" title="Audax, Ditalcus and Minurus">Audax, Ditalcus and Minurus</a>, bribed by <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Popillius_Laenas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Popillius Laenas">Marcus Popillius Laenas</a> (although they were <a href="/wiki/Viriathus" title="Viriathus">Viriathus</a> warrior companions they were not Lusitanians themselves, they seem to have been <a href="/wiki/Turdetani" title="Turdetani">Turdetanians</a>, or from another people who were not Lusitanian). However, when the three returned to receive their reward from the Romans, the Consul <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Servilius_Caepio_(consul_106_BC)" title="Quintus Servilius Caepio (consul 106 BC)">Quintus Servilius Caepio</a> ordered their execution, declaring, "Rome does not pay traitors". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanization">Romanization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Romanization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the death of Viriathus, the Lusitanians kept fighting under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Tautalus" title="Tautalus">Tautalus</a>, but gradually acquired <a href="/wiki/Roman_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman culture">Roman culture</a> and language; the Lusitanian cities, in a manner similar to those of the rest of the Romanised <a href="/wiki/Iberian_peninsula#Roman_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian peninsula">Iberian peninsula</a>, eventually gained the status of "Citizens of Rome". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%BAnula_lusitana_de_Ch%C3%A3o_de_Lamas_(M.A.N._28589)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/L%C3%BAnula_lusitana_de_Ch%C3%A3o_de_Lamas_%28M.A.N._28589%29_01.jpg/250px-L%C3%BAnula_lusitana_de_Ch%C3%A3o_de_Lamas_%28M.A.N._28589%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/L%C3%BAnula_lusitana_de_Ch%C3%A3o_de_Lamas_%28M.A.N._28589%29_01.jpg/330px-L%C3%BAnula_lusitana_de_Ch%C3%A3o_de_Lamas_%28M.A.N._28589%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/L%C3%BAnula_lusitana_de_Ch%C3%A3o_de_Lamas_%28M.A.N._28589%29_01.jpg/500px-L%C3%BAnula_lusitana_de_Ch%C3%A3o_de_Lamas_%28M.A.N._28589%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2143" data-file-height="2121" /></a><figcaption>Lusitanian <a href="/wiki/Gold_lunula" title="Gold lunula">lunula</a> from <a href="/wiki/Miranda_do_Corvo" title="Miranda do Corvo">Miranda do Corvo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beaker_culture_diffusion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Beaker_culture_diffusion.svg/220px-Beaker_culture_diffusion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Beaker_culture_diffusion.svg/330px-Beaker_culture_diffusion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Beaker_culture_diffusion.svg/440px-Beaker_culture_diffusion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>Generalised distribution and movements of Bell-Beaker cultures<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiggot1965101_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiggot1965101-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Categorising Lusitanian culture generally, including the language, is proving difficult and contentious. Some believe it was essentially a <a href="/wiki/Pre-Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Celtic">pre-Celtic</a> Iberian culture with substantial Celtic influences, while others argue that it was an essentially <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> culture with strong indigenous pre-Celtic influences associated with the <a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker culture</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_mythology" title="Lusitanian mythology">Lusitanian mythology</a></div> <p>The Lusitanians worshiped various gods in a very diverse <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheism</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">animal sacrifice</a>. They represented their gods and warriors in rudimentary sculpture. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Endovelicus" title="Endovelicus">Endovelicus</a> was the most important god for the Lusitanians. He is considered a possible Basque language loan god<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by some, yet according to scholars like <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Leite_de_Vasconcelos" title="José Leite de Vasconcelos">José Leite de Vasconcelos</a>, the word <i>Endovellicus</i> was originally <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Andevellicos</i>. </p><p>Endovelicus is compared with <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a> names, giving him the meaning of "Very Good God", the same epithet of the <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a> god <a href="/wiki/Dagda" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagda">Dagda</a>. Even the Romans worshiped him for his ability to protect. His cult eventually spread across the Iberian peninsula and beyond, to the rest of the Roman Empire and his cult was maintained until the fifth century; he was the god of public health and safety. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ataecina._M%C3%A1rmol_del_artista_Pedro_Roque_DSC_0572r1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ataecina._M%C3%A1rmol_del_artista_Pedro_Roque_DSC_0572r1.jpg/250px-Ataecina._M%C3%A1rmol_del_artista_Pedro_Roque_DSC_0572r1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ataecina._M%C3%A1rmol_del_artista_Pedro_Roque_DSC_0572r1.jpg/375px-Ataecina._M%C3%A1rmol_del_artista_Pedro_Roque_DSC_0572r1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ataecina._M%C3%A1rmol_del_artista_Pedro_Roque_DSC_0572r1.jpg/500px-Ataecina._M%C3%A1rmol_del_artista_Pedro_Roque_DSC_0572r1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption><i>Ataegina</i> by Pedro Roque Hidalgo (20th century), Museu do Mármore, <a href="/wiki/Vila_Vi%C3%A7osa" title="Vila Viçosa">Vila Viçosa</a>, (Portugal).</figcaption></figure> <p>The goddess <a href="/wiki/Ataegina" title="Ataegina">Ataegina</a> was especially popular in the south; as the goddess of rebirth (spring), fertility, nature, and cure, she was identified with <a href="/wiki/Proserpina" title="Proserpina">Proserpina</a> during the Roman era. </p><p>Lusitanian mythology was heavily influenced by or related to <a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-olivares_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olivares-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Quintela_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quintela-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also well attested in inscriptions are the names <a href="/wiki/Bandua" title="Bandua">Bandua</a><sup id="cite_ref-arbre-celtique.com_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arbre-celtique.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (one of the variants of <a href="/wiki/Borvo" title="Borvo">Borvo</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often with a second name linked to a locality such as Bandua Aetobrico, and <a href="/wiki/Nabia" title="Nabia">Nabia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a goddess of rivers and streams.<sup id="cite_ref-olivares_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olivares-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strabo_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strabo-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Strabo the Lusitanians were given to offering sacrifices; they practiced divination on the sacrificial offering by inspecting its vitals and veins. </p><p>They also sacrificed human victims, prisoners of war, by striking them under coarse blankets and observing which way they fell. They cut off the right hands of their captives, which they offered to the gods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_language" title="Lusitanian language">Lusitanian language</a></div> <p>The Lusitanian language was a <a href="/wiki/Paleohispanic_languages" title="Paleohispanic languages">Paleohispanic language</a> that clearly belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> family. The precise affiliation of the Lusitanian language inside the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> family is still in debate: there are those who endorse that it is a <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">para-Celtic</a> language with an obvious <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celticity</a> to most of the lexicon, over many anthroponyms and toponyms.<sup id="cite_ref-wodtko2010_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wodtko2010-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second theory relates Lusitanian with the <a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Italic languages</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on the names of Lusitanian deities with other grammatical elements of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One hypothesis is that the Lusitanian language may have been <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> <a href="/wiki/Italo-Celtic" title="Italo-Celtic">Italo-Celtic</a>, a branch independent from <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Italic</a>, and splitting off early from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Celtic">Proto-Celtic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proto-Italic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Italic">Proto-Italic</a> populations who spread from Central Europe into western Europe after new <a href="/wiki/Yamnaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamnaya">Yamnaya</a> migrations into the Danube Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108_f._27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108_f.-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108,_244–250_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108,_244–250-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007360_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007360-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaak2015_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaak2015-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, a European branch of Indo-European dialects, termed "North-west Indo-European" and associated with the Beaker culture, may have been ancestral to not only Celtic and Italic, but also to Germanic and Balto-Slavic.<sup id="cite_ref-Mallory_(2013)_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallory_(2013)-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Evans" title="Ellis Evans">Ellis Evans</a> believes that <a href="/wiki/Gallaecian" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallaecian">Gallaecian</a> and Lusitanian were one language (not separate languages) of the "P" Celtic variant.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some recent scholars' analyses, further conducted on a newly discovered inscription, strongly suggest that Lusitanian is more akin to Italic and has no relation to Celtic.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lujan, argues that the evidence shows that Lusitanian must have diverged from the other western Indo-European dialects before the kernel of what would then evolve into the Italic and Celtic language families had formed. This points to Lusitanian being so ancient that it predates both the Celtic and Italic linguistic groups. Contact with subsequent Celtic migrations into the Iberian Peninsula are likely to have led to the <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">linguistic assimilation</a> of the Celtic elements found in the language.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tribes">Tribes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tribes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa_de_Portugal_tribos_principais.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Mapa_de_Portugal_tribos_principais.png/250px-Mapa_de_Portugal_tribos_principais.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="543" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Mapa_de_Portugal_tribos_principais.png 1.5x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the main pre-Roman tribes in Portugal and their main migrations: Turduli movement in red, Celtici in brown, and Lusitanian in blue; most tribes neighbouring the Lusitanians were dependent on them. Names are in Latin.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Lusitanians were a people formed by several <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribes</a> that lived between the rivers <a href="/wiki/Douro_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Douro River">Douro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tagus" title="Tagus">Tagus</a>, in most of today's <a href="/wiki/Beira_(Portugal)" title="Beira (Portugal)">Beira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estremadura_Province_(historical)" title="Estremadura Province (historical)">Estremadura</a> regions of central Portugal, and some areas of the <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a> region (Spain). </p><p>They were a tribal confederation, not a single political entity; each tribe had its own territory and was independent, and was formed by smaller <a href="/wiki/Clans" class="mw-redirect" title="Clans">clans</a>. However, they had a cultural sense of unity and a common name for the tribes. </p><p>Each tribe was ruled by its own tribal aristocracy and chief. Many members of the Lusitanian tribal aristocracy were <a href="/wiki/Warriors" class="mw-redirect" title="Warriors">warriors</a> as happened in many other pre-Roman peoples of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>. </p><p>Only when an external threat occurred did the different tribes politically unite, as happened at the time of the Roman conquest of their territory when <a href="/wiki/Viriathus" title="Viriathus">Viriathus</a> became the single leader of the Lusitanian tribes. <a href="/wiki/Punicus" title="Punicus">Punicus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caucenus" title="Caucenus">Caucenus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caesarus" title="Caesarus">Caesarus</a> were other important Lusitanian chiefs before the Roman conquest. They ruled the Lusitanians (before <a href="/wiki/Viriathus" title="Viriathus">Viriathus</a>) for some time, leading the tribes in the resistance against Roman attempts of conquest, and were successful. </p><p>The known Lusitanian tribes were: </p> <ul><li>Arabrigenses</li> <li>Araocelenses</li> <li>Aravi</li> <li>Coilarni/Colarni</li> <li>Interamnienses</li> <li>Lancienses <ul><li>Lancienses Oppidani</li> <li>Lancienses Transcudani</li> <li>Lancienses Ocelenses (may be the same as the Oppidani)</li></ul></li> <li>Meidubrigenses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paesuri" title="Paesuri">Paesuri</a> - <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sever_do_Vouga" title="Sever do Vouga">Vouga</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palanti" title="Palanti">Palanti</a> (there is not agreement among scholars if they were <a href="/wiki/Vettones" title="Vettones">Vettones</a> or Lusitanian)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Calontienses</li> <li>Caluri</li> <li>Coerenses</li></ul></li> <li>Petravioi</li> <li>Tangi <ul><li>Elbocori</li> <li>Igaeditani</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapoli" title="Tapoli">Tapori</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tapoli" title="Tapoli">Tapoli</a> - by the river <a href="/wiki/Tagus" title="Tagus">Tagus</a>, around the border area between Portugal and Spain</li></ul></li> <li>Talures</li> <li>Veaminicori</li> <li>Vissaieici</li></ul> <p>It remains to be known whether the <a href="/wiki/Turduli_Veteres" title="Turduli Veteres">Turduli Veteres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turdulorum_Oppida" class="mw-redirect" title="Turdulorum Oppida">Turduli Oppidani</a>, Turduli <a href="/wiki/Bardili_(Turduli)" title="Bardili (Turduli)">Bardili</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turduli" title="Turduli">Turduli</a> were Lusitanian tribes (coastal tribes), were related Celtic peoples, or were instead related to the <a href="/wiki/Turdetani" title="Turdetani">Turdetani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre-Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Celtic">pre-Celtic</a> <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Indo-European</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberians</a>) and came from the south. The name Turduli Veteres (older or ancient Turduli), a tribe that dwelt in today's <a href="/wiki/Aveiro_District" title="Aveiro District">Aveiro District</a>, seems to indicate they came from the north and not from the south (contrary to what is assumed on the map). Several Turduli peoples were possibly <a href="/wiki/Callaeci" class="mw-redirect" title="Callaeci">Callaeci</a> tribes that initially came from the north, towards the south along the coast and then migrated inland along the Tagus and the Anas (<a href="/wiki/Guadiana_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadiana River">Guadiana River</a>) valleys. </p><p>If there were more Lusitanian tribes, their names are unknown. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Warfare">Warfare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Warfare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Warfare_in_the_ancient_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Warfare in the ancient Iberian Peninsula">Warfare in the ancient Iberian Peninsula</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nt-Viriato_Viseu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nt-Viriato_Viseu.jpg/250px-Nt-Viriato_Viseu.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nt-Viriato_Viseu.jpg/375px-Nt-Viriato_Viseu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nt-Viriato_Viseu.jpg/500px-Nt-Viriato_Viseu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="1477" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Viriatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Viriatus">Viriatus</a>, the Lusitanian leader during the <a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusitanian War">Lusitanian War</a> (155 to 139 BCE).</figcaption></figure> <p>The Lusitanians were considered by historians to be particularly adept at <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>. The strongest amongst them were selected to defend the populace in mountainous sites.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They used hooked javelins or <a href="/wiki/Saunion" class="mw-redirect" title="Saunion">saunions</a> made of iron, and wielded <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">swords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helmets" class="mw-redirect" title="Helmets">helmets</a> like those of the <a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a>. They threw their darts from some distance, yet often hit their marks and wounded their targets deeply. Being active and nimble warriors, they would pursue their enemies and decapitate them. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"In a narrow pass 300 Lusitani faced 1000 Romans; as a result of the action 70 of the former and 320 of the latter died. When the victorious Lusitani retired and dispersed confidently, one of them on foot became separated, and was surrounded by a detachment of pursuing cavalry. The lone warrior pierced the horse of one of the riders with his spear, and with a blow of his sword cut off the Roman’s head, producing such terror among the others that they prudently retired under his arrogant and contemptuous gaze."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a>, <i>Seven Books of History Against the Pagans</i>, 5.4</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In times of peace, they had a particular style of dancing, which required great agility and nimbleness of the legs and thighs. In times of war, they marched in time, until they were ready to charge the enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Appian claims that when Praetor <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Junius_Brutus_Callaicus" title="Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus">Brutus</a> sacked Lusitania after Viriathus's death, the women fought valiantly next to their men as <a href="/wiki/Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture" title="Women warriors in literature and culture">women warriors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lusitania:_historia_y_etnología_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lusitania:_historia_y_etnología-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_meaning">Contemporary meaning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Contemporary meaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Lusitanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusitanic">Lusitanic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Lusophone</a></div> <p>While the Lusitanians did not speak a Romance language, nowadays <i>Lusitanian</i> is often used as a <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonym</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese people</a>, and similarly <b>Lusophone</b> is used to refer to a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Portuguese_speakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographical distribution of Portuguese speakers">speaker</a> within or outside <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timor-Leste" title="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea Bissau">Guinea Bissau</a> and others territories and countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal" title="History of Portugal">History of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Portuguese_history" title="Timeline of Portuguese history">Timeline of Portuguese history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beira_Alta_Province" title="Beira Alta Province">Beira Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beira_Baixa_Province" title="Beira Baixa Province">Beira Baixa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribatejo_Province" title="Ribatejo Province">Ribatejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alentejo_Province" title="Alentejo Province">Alentejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerita_Augusta" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerita Augusta">Emerita Augusta</a>, capital of the Roman province of Lusitania (<i>Lusitaniae et Vetoniae</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusitania (Roman province)">Lusitania (Roman province)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula">Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Celtic tribes">List of Celtic tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Portugal" title="List of Celtic place names in Portugal">List of Celtic place names in Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancient_Peoples_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ancient Peoples of Portugal">List of Ancient Peoples of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archaeology_Museum_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archaeology Museum (Portugal)">National Archaeology Museum (Portugal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Blastophoenicians" title="Siege of the Blastophoenicians">Siege of the Blastophoenicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_Lusitanians" title="List of wars involving the Lusitanians">List of wars involving the Lusitanians</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Lusitani</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></i>: <i>Lusitanos</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lusitani">"Lusitani"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lusitani&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FLusitani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Frontinus/Strategemata/2*.html%7CSextus">https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Frontinus/Strategemata/2*.html%7CSextus</a> Julius Frontinus. Stratagems: Book II. V. On Ambushes</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lusitania:_historia_y_etnología-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lusitania:_historia_y_etnología_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lusitania:_historia_y_etnología_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rwFnYh9zkgAC&pg=PA14">Luciano Pérez Vilatela. Lusitania: historia y etnología</a></i>, p. 14, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span>. [S.l.]: Real Academia de la Historia, 2000. 33 p. vol. 6 of Bibliotheca archaeologica hispana, v. 6 of Publicaciones del Gabinete de Antigüedades.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n2eHRJqZrqgC&pg=PA94">André de Resende. As Antiguidades da Lusitânia</a></i>, p. 94, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span>. [S.l.]: Imprensa da Univ. de Coimbra. 94 p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRisco1779" class="citation web cs1">Risco, Manuel (1779). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nnLbWvEhpdwC&q=strabo+y+sus+descripciones+de+lusitania&pg=PA11">"Espana Sagrada. Theatro geographico-historico de la iglesia de Espana. Origen, divisiones, y limites de todas sus provincias. Antiguedad, traslaciones, y estado antiguo y presente de sus sillas en todos los dominios de Espana, y Portugal. Con varias dissertaciones criticas, para ilustrar la historia eclesiastica de Espana. ... Su autor el P.M. Fr. Henrique Florez, del orden de San Augustin ... Tomo 1.[-51!: Espana sagrada, tomo 32. La Vasconia. Tratado preliminar a las Santas Iglesias de calahorra, y de Pamplona: ... Su autor el P. FR. Manuel Risco del orden de San Augustin"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Espana+Sagrada.+Theatro+geographico-historico+de+la+iglesia+de+Espana.+Origen%2C+divisiones%2C+y+limites+de+todas+sus+provincias.+Antiguedad%2C+traslaciones%2C+y+estado+antiguo+y+presente+de+sus+sillas+en+todos+los+dominios+de+Espana%2C+y+Portugal.+Con+varias+dissertaciones+criticas%2C+para+ilustrar+la+historia+eclesiastica+de+Espana.+...+Su+autor+el+P.M.+Fr.+Henrique+Florez%2C+del+orden+de+San+Augustin+...+Tomo+1.%26%2391%3B-51%21%3A+Espana+sagrada%2C+tomo+32.+La+Vasconia.+Tratado+preliminar+a+las+Santas+Iglesias+de+calahorra%2C+y+de+Pamplona%3A+...+Su+autor+el+P.+FR.+Manuel+Risco+del+orden+de+San+Augustin&rft.date=1779&rft.aulast=Risco&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnnLbWvEhpdwC%26q%3Dstrabo%2By%2Bsus%2Bdescripciones%2Bde%2Blusitania%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=33GFAwAAQBAJ&q=artabrians+lusitanians&pg=PT250"><i>The Geography of Strabo: An English Translation, with Introduction and Notes</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. 29 May 2014. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139952491" title="Special:BookSources/9781139952491"><bdi>9781139952491</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geography+of+Strabo%3A+An+English+Translation%2C+with+Introduction+and+Notes&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.isbn=9781139952491&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D33GFAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dartabrians%2Blusitanians%26pg%3DPT250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFraile1999" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fraile, José María Gómez (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=176646">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Los coceptos de "Iberia" e "ibero" en Estrabon"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>SPAL: Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla</i> (in Spanish). <b>8</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">159–</span>188. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12795%2Fspal.1999.i8.09">10.12795/spal.1999.i8.09</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SPAL%3A+Revista+de+Prehistoria+y+Arqueolog%C3%ADa+de+la+Universidad+de+Sevilla&rft.atitle=%22Los+coceptos+de+%22Iberia%22+e+%22ibero%22+en+Estrabon%22&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E159-%3C%2Fspan%3E188&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12795%2Fspal.1999.i8.09&rft.aulast=Fraile&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+G%C3%B3mez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Farticulo%3Fcodigo%3D176646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Among them the Praestamarci, Supertamarci, Nerii, Artabri, and in general all people living by the seashore except for the Grovi of southern Galicia and northern Portugal: 'Totam Celtici colunt, sed a Durio ad flexum Grovi, fluuntque per eos Avo, Celadus, Nebis, Minius et cui oblivionis cognomen est Limia. Flexus ipse Lambriacam urbem amplexus recipit fluvios Laeron et Ullam. Partem quae prominet Praesamarchi habitant, perque eos Tamaris et Sars flumina non longe orta decurrunt, Tamaris secundum Ebora portum, Sars iuxta turrem Augusti titulo memorabilem. Cetera super Tamarici Nerique incolunt in eo tractu ultimi. Hactenus enim ad occidentem versa litora pertinent. Deinde ad septentriones toto latere terra convertitur a Celtico promunturio ad Pyrenaeum usque. Perpetua eius ora, nisi ubi modici recessus ac parva promunturia sunt, ad Cantabros paene recta est. In ea primum Artabri sunt etiamnum Celticae gentis, deinde Astyres.', Pomponius Mela, Chorographia, III.7-9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SiliusI-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SiliusI_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Silius_Italicus" title="Silius Italicus">Silius Italicus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Punica_(poem)" title="Punica (poem)">Punica</a></i>, 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daly-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Daly_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaly2005" class="citation book cs1">Daly, Gregory (August 2005). <i>Cannae: The Experience of Battle in the Second Punic War</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-11-345071-2-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-11-345071-2-2"><bdi>978-11-345071-2-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cannae%3A+The+Experience+of+Battle+in+the+Second+Punic+War&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005-08&rft.isbn=978-11-345071-2-2&rft.aulast=Daly&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiggot1965101-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiggot1965101_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPiggot1965">Piggot 1965</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. Wodtko 2010: 355–362</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEncarnação2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Encarnação, José d’ (2015). <i>Divindades indígenas sob o domínio romano em Portugal</i> [<i>Indigenous deities under Roman rule in Portugal</i>] (in Portuguese) (Second ed.). Coimbra: Universidade de Coimbra.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Divindades+ind%C3%ADgenas+sob+o+dom%C3%ADnio+romano+em+Portugal&rft.place=Coimbra&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Universidade+de+Coimbra&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Encarna%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+d%E2%80%99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europe-nations.estudosculturais.com/pdf/0034i.pdf">Celts myths and religion in the Iberian Peninsula and Great-Britain: a common origin?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olivares-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-olivares_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-olivares_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPedreño2005" class="citation web cs1">Pedreño, Juan Carlos Olivares (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www4.uwm.edu/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6_12/olivares_6_12.html">"Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celtic+Gods+of+the+Iberian+Peninsula&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Pedre%C3%B1o&rft.aufirst=Juan+Carlos+Olivares&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww4.uwm.edu%2Fceltic%2Fekeltoi%2Fvolumes%2Fvol6%2F6_12%2Folivares_6_12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quintela-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quintela_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuintela2005" class="citation web cs1">Quintela, Marco V. García (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www4.uwm.edu/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6_10/garcia_quintela_6_10.html">"Celtic Elements in Northwestern Spain in Pre-Roman times"</a>. Center for Celtic Studies, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin-Milwaukee" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee">University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celtic+Elements+in+Northwestern+Spain+in+Pre-Roman+times&rft.pub=Center+for+Celtic+Studies%2C+University+of+Wisconsin-Milwaukee&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Quintela&rft.aufirst=Marco+V.+Garc%C3%ADa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww4.uwm.edu%2Fceltic%2Fekeltoi%2Fvolumes%2Fvol6%2F6_10%2Fgarcia_quintela_6_10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arbre-celtique.com-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arbre-celtique.com_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbre-celtique.com/approfondissements/divinites/inventaire-div/div_liste.php">Inventaire des divnités celtiques de l’Antiquité</a>, <i>L’Arbre Celtique</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEduardo_Peralta_Labrador2003" class="citation book cs1">Eduardo Peralta Labrador (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QB-a2H_8XQ4C&q=bandua+dios+de+los+vexilla&pg=PA199"><i>Los cántabros antes de Roma</i></a>. Real Academia de la Historia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788489512597" title="Special:BookSources/9788489512597"><bdi>9788489512597</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+c%C3%A1ntabros+antes+de+Roma&rft.pub=Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9788489512597&rft.au=Eduardo+Peralta+Labrador&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQB-a2H_8XQ4C%26q%3Dbandua%2Bdios%2Bde%2Blos%2Bvexilla%26pg%3DPA199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">CIL</a></i> II, *00215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacCulloch2003" class="citation book cs1">MacCulloch, John Arnott (January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9GM0jOcjKmwC&q=bandua+borvo+god&pg=PA26"><i>The Religion of the Ancient Celts</i></a>. Courier Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486427652" title="Special:BookSources/9780486427652"><bdi>9780486427652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religion+of+the+Ancient+Celts&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.date=2003-01&rft.isbn=9780486427652&rft.aulast=MacCulloch&rft.aufirst=John+Arnott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9GM0jOcjKmwC%26q%3Dbandua%2Bborvo%2Bgod%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TY - CHAP AU - Lemos, Francisco PY - 2008/01/01 SP - 122 EP - 211 T1 - A Cultura Castreja no Minho. Espaço Nuclear dos grandes povoados do Noroeste peninsular. ER -</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strabo-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strabo_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThayer" class="citation web cs1">Thayer, Roman E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/3C*.html#3.4">"Book III, Chapter 3"</a>. <i>Strabo Geography</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Strabo+Geography&rft.atitle=Book+III%2C+Chapter+3&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=Roman+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FE%2FRoman%2FTexts%2FStrabo%2F3C%2A.html%233.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wodtko2010-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wodtko2010_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWodtko2010" class="citation book cs1">Wodtko, Dagmar S. (2010). <i>Celtic from the West Chapter 11: The Problem of Lusitanian</i>. Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">335–</span>367. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84217-410-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84217-410-4"><bdi>978-1-84217-410-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+from+the+West+Chapter+11%3A+The+Problem+of+Lusitanian&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E335-%3C%2Fspan%3E367&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84217-410-4&rft.aulast=Wodtko&rft.aufirst=Dagmar+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTamburelliBrasca2018" class="citation web cs1">Tamburelli, Marco; Brasca, Lissander (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/dsh/article-abstract/33/2/442/4093902">"Revisiting the classification of Gallo-Italic: A dialectometric approach"</a>. <i>Digital Scholarship in the Humanities</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">442–</span>455. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fllc%2Ffqx041">10.1093/llc/fqx041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Scholarship+in+the+Humanities&rft.atitle=Revisiting+the+classification+of+Gallo-Italic%3A+A+dialectometric+approach&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E442-%3C%2Fspan%3E455&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fllc%2Ffqx041&rft.aulast=Tamburelli&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft.au=Brasca%2C+Lissander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fdsh%2Farticle-abstract%2F33%2F2%2F442%2F4093902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrósper2003" class="citation journal cs1">Prósper, Blanca María (2003). "The inscription of Cabeço das Fráguas revisited. Lusitanian and Alteuropäisch populations in the West of the Iberian Peninsula". <i>Transactions of the Philological Society</i>. <b>97</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">151–</span>184. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-968X.00047">10.1111/1467-968X.00047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Philological+Society&rft.atitle=The+inscription+of+Cabe%C3%A7o+das+Fr%C3%A1guas+revisited.+Lusitanian+and+Alteurop%C3%A4isch+populations+in+the+West+of+the+Iberian+Peninsula&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E151-%3C%2Fspan%3E184&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-968X.00047&rft.aulast=Pr%C3%B3sper&rft.aufirst=Blanca+Mar%C3%ADa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108_f.-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108_f._27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallory1999">Mallory 1999</a>, pp. 108 f..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108,_244–250-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallory1999108,_244–250_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallory1999">Mallory 1999</a>, pp. 108, 244–250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007360-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnthony2007360_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnthony2007">Anthony 2007</a>, p. 360.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaak2015-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaak2015_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaak2015">Haak 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mallory_(2013)-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mallory_(2013)_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMallory2013" class="citation conference cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_P._Mallory" class="mw-redirect" title="James P. Mallory">Mallory, James P.</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/celtic-from-the-west-2.html">"The Indo-Europeanization of Atlantic Europe"</a>. In Koch, J. T.; Cunliffe, B. (eds.). <i>Celtic From the West 2: Rethinking the Bronze Age and the Arrival of Indo–European in Atlantic Europe</i>. Oxford: Oxbow Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">17–</span>40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=The+Indo-Europeanization+of+Atlantic+Europe&rft.btitle=Celtic+From+the+West+2%3A+Rethinking+the+Bronze+Age+and+the+Arrival+of+Indo%E2%80%93European+in+Atlantic+Europe&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxbowbooks.com%2Foxbow%2Fceltic-from-the-west-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200930005923/https://ilg.usc.es/agon/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Callaica_Nomina.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilg.usc.es/agon/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Callaica_Nomina.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Filg.usc.es%2Fagon%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F09%2FCallaica_Nomina.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKoch2006" class="citation book cs1">Koch, John T. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&q=Evans+lusitanian+celt+linguist&pg=PA484"><i>Celtic Culture: A-Celti</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851094400" title="Special:BookSources/9781851094400"><bdi>9781851094400</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A-Celti&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781851094400&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df899xH_quaMC%26q%3DEvans%2Blusitanian%2Bcelt%2Blinguist%26pg%3DPA484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/50649582/The_Lusitanian_oblique_cases_revisited_new_light_on_the_dative_endings">Blanca Maria Prósper, The Lusitanian oblique cases revisted: New light on the dative endings, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9d33/b2dc2558eae37421f91acb5f435da54c2978.pdf">Eustaquio Sánchez Salor, Julio Esteban Ortega, <i>Un testimonio del dios Labbo en una inscripción lusitana de Plasencia, Cáceres. ¿Labbo también en Cabeço das Fráguas?</i>, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The number of inscriptions written totally or partially in Lusitanian is limited: only six or seven with Lusitanian vocabulary and/or grammatical words, usually dated to the first two centuries CE. All are written in the Latin alphabet, and most are bilingual, displaying code-switching between Latin and Lusitanian. There are also many deity names in Latin inscriptions. The chapter summarizes Lusitanian phonology, morphology, and syntax, though entire categories are not attested at all. Scholarly debate about the classification of Lusitanian has focused on whether it should be considered a Celtic language. The chapter reviews the main issues, such as the fate of Indo-European */p/ or the outcome of voiced aspirate stops. The prevailing opinion is that Lusitanian was not Celtic. It must have diverged from western Indo-European dialects before the kernel of what would evolve into the Celtic and Italic families had been constituted. An appendix provides the text of extant Lusitanian inscriptions and representative Latin inscriptions displaying Lusitanian deity names and/or their epithets." E.R. Luján 2019: p.304-334</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlarcão2001" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alarcão, Jorge de (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131126021844/http://www.julianus.org/textos/JAlarcao_lusitanos.pdf">"Novas perspectivas sobre os Lusitanos (e outros mundos)"</a> [New perspectives on the Lusitanians (and other worlds)] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia</i> (in Portuguese). <b>4</b> (2): 293–349 [p. 312 e segs]. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0874-2782">0874-2782</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.julianus.org/textos/JAlarcao_lusitanos.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Portuguesa+de+Arqueologia&rft.atitle=Novas+perspectivas+sobre+os+Lusitanos+%28e+outros+mundos%29&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=293-349+p.+312+e+segs&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=0874-2782&rft.aulast=Alarc%C3%A3o&rft.aufirst=Jorge+de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.julianus.org%2Ftextos%2FJAlarcao_lusitanos.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180128133326/http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/classical_diodorus.html#B5">"The Historical Library of Diodorus Siculus"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/classical_diodorus.html#B5">the original</a> on 28 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Library+of+Diodorus+Siculus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maryjones.us%2Fctexts%2Fclassical_diodorus.html%23B5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rCXVeXrRrHAC&pg=PA100">Hispaniae: Spain and the Development of Roman Imperialism, 218-82 BC</a></i>, p. 100, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Ángel Montenegro <i>et alii</i>, <i>Historia de España 2 - colonizaciones y formación de los pueblos prerromanos (1200-218 a.C)</i>, Editorial Gredos, Madrid (1989) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-249-1386-8" title="Special:BookSources/84-249-1386-8">84-249-1386-8</a></li> <li>Alarcão, Jorge de, <i>O Domínio Romano em Portugal</i>, Publicações Europa-América, Lisboa (1988) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/972-1-02627-1" title="Special:BookSources/972-1-02627-1">972-1-02627-1</a></li> <li>Alarcão, Jorge de <i>et alii</i>, <i>De Ulisses a Viriato – O primeiro milénio a.C.</i>, Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Instituto Português de Museus, Lisboa (1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/972-8137-39-7" title="Special:BookSources/972-8137-39-7">972-8137-39-7</a></li> <li>Amaral, João Ferreira do & Amaral, Augusto Ferreira do, <i>Povos Antigos em Portugal – paleontologia do território hoje Português</i>, Quetzal Editores, Lisboa (1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/972-564-224-4" title="Special:BookSources/972-564-224-4">972-564-224-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnthony2007" class="citation book cs1">Anthony, David W. (2007). <a href="/wiki/The_Horse,_the_Wheel,_and_Language" title="The Horse, the Wheel, and Language"><i>The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World</i></a>. Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Horse+The+Wheel+And+Language.+How+Bronze-Age+Riders+From+the+Eurasian+Steppes+Shaped+The+Modern+World&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaak2015" class="citation cs2">Haak, Wolfgang (2015), "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe", <i>Nature</i>, <b>522</b> (7555): <span class="nowrap">207–</span>211, <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.02783">1502.02783</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.522..207H">2015Natur.522..207H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature14317">10.1038/nature14317</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5048219">5048219</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25731166">25731166</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Massive+migration+from+the+steppe+was+a+source+for+Indo-European+languages+in+Europe&rft.volume=522&rft.issue=7555&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E207-%3C%2Fspan%3E211&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5048219%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015Natur.522..207H&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1502.02783&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25731166&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature14317&rft.aulast=Haak&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMallory1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J.P._Mallory" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Mallory">Mallory, J.P.</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insearchofindoeu00jpma"><i>In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth</i></a></span> (reprint ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-27616-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-27616-7"><bdi>978-0-500-27616-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+the+Indo-Europeans%3A+Language%2C+Archaeology%2C+and+Myth&rft.place=London&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-500-27616-7&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=J.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsearchofindoeu00jpma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPiggot1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Piggott" title="Stuart Piggott">Piggot, Stuart</a> (1965). <i>Ancient Europe from the Beginnings of Agriculture to Classical Antiquity: a Survey</i>. Chicago: Aldine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Europe+from+the+Beginnings+of+Agriculture+to+Classical+Antiquity%3A+a+Survey&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Aldine&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Piggot&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Amílcar Guerra, <i>A propósito dos conceitos de "Lusitano" e "Lusitânia"</i>, Paleohispanica, 10, 81–98, Institución Fernando el Católico, Zaragoza (2010) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1578-5386">1578-5386</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://repositorio.ul.pt/bitstream/10451/9863/1/06guerra.pdf">[2]</a></li> <li>Berrocal-Rangel, Luis, <i>Los pueblos célticos del soroeste de la Península Ibérica</i>, Editorial Complutense, Madrid (1992) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7491-447-7" title="Special:BookSources/84-7491-447-7">84-7491-447-7</a></li> <li>Burillo Mozota, Francisco, <i>Los Celtíberos, etnias y estados</i>, Crítica, Barcelona (1998, revised edition 2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7423-891-9" title="Special:BookSources/84-7423-891-9">84-7423-891-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCardim_Ribeiro2009" class="citation journal cs1">Cardim Ribeiro, José (2009). "Terão certos teónimos paleohispânicos sido alvo de interpretações (pseudo-)etimológicas durante a romanidade passíveis de se reflectirem nos respectivos cultos?". <i>Acta Paleohispanica X - Paleohispanica</i>. <b>9</b>: <span class="nowrap">247–</span>270. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1578-5386">1578-5386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Paleohispanica+X+-+Paleohispanica&rft.atitle=Ter%C3%A3o+certos+te%C3%B3nimos+paleohisp%C3%A2nicos+sido+alvo+de+interpreta%C3%A7%C3%B5es+%28pseudo-%29etimol%C3%B3gicas+durante+a+romanidade+pass%C3%ADveis+de+se+reflectirem+nos+respectivos+cultos%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E247-%3C%2Fspan%3E270&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1578-5386&rft.aulast=Cardim+Ribeiro&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEncarnação2010" class="citation journal cs1">Encarnação, José d' (2010). "Divindades indígenas sob o domínio romano em Portugal, 35 anos depois". <i>Palaeohispanica</i>. <b>10</b>: <span class="nowrap">525–</span>535. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1578-5386">1578-5386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaeohispanica&rft.atitle=Divindades+ind%C3%ADgenas+sob+o+dom%C3%ADnio+romano+em+Portugal%2C+35+anos+depois&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E525-%3C%2Fspan%3E535&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=1578-5386&rft.aulast=Encarna%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+d%27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Lorrio Alvarado, Alberto José, <i>Los Celtíberos</i>, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Murcia (1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7908-335-2" title="Special:BookSources/84-7908-335-2">84-7908-335-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLuján2019" class="citation book cs1">Luján, Eugenio (2019). "Language and writing among the Lusitanians". <i>Paleohispanic Languages and Epigraphies</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">304–</span>334. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198790822.003.0011">10.1093/oso/9780198790822.003.0011</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191833274" title="Special:BookSources/9780191833274"><bdi>9780191833274</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Language+and+writing+among+the+Lusitanians&rft.btitle=Paleohispanic+Languages+and+Epigraphies&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E304-%3C%2Fspan%3E334&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198790822.003.0011&rft.isbn=9780191833274&rft.aulast=Luj%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusitanians" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header"><span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to">Listen to this article</span> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">11</span> minutes</span>)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="649" data-mwtitle="En-Lusitanians-article.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/En-Lusitanians-article.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/En-Lusitanians-article.oga/En-Lusitanians-article.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spoken Wikipedia"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></span></span></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:En-Lusitanians-article.oga" title="File:En-Lusitanians-article.oga">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 10 November 2018<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2018-11-10</span>)</span>, and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040611215344/http://www.arqueotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.htm">Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Spanish_War/home.html">Unknown ancient author text (about Julius Caesar in Hispania)</a> of <a href="/wiki/De_Bello_Hispaniensi" title="De Bello Hispaniensi">De Bello Hispaniensi</a> (Spanish War).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/home.html">Pliny the Elder text</a> of <a href="/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalis Historia">Naturalis Historia</a> (Natural History), books 3-6 (Geography and Ethnography).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/home.html">Strabo's text</a> of <i>De Geographica</i> ('About Geography').</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula546" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pre-Roman_peoples_in_Iberia" title="Template:Pre-Roman peoples in Iberia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pre-Roman_peoples_in_Iberia" title="Template talk:Pre-Roman peoples in Iberia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Roman_peoples_in_Iberia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Roman peoples in Iberia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula546" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula">Pre-Roman peoples</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquitani" title="Aquitani">Aquitani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proto-Basque_language" title="Proto-Basque language">Proto-Basques</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iacetani" title="Iacetani">Iacetani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascones" title="Vascones">Vascones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ausetani" title="Ausetani">Ausetani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastetani" title="Bastetani">Bastetani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergistani" title="Bergistani">Bergistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castellani_people" title="Castellani people">Castellani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceretani" title="Ceretani">Ceretani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessetani" title="Cessetani">Cessetani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contestani" title="Contestani">Contestani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edetani" title="Edetani">Edetani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigetes" title="Indigetes">Indigetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilercavones" title="Ilercavones">Ilercavones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilergetes" title="Ilergetes">Ilergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacetani" title="Lacetani">Lacetani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laietani" title="Laietani">Laietani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedetani" title="Sedetani">Sedetani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Celtiberians51" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arevaci" title="Arevaci">Arevaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belli" title="Belli">Belli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cratistii" title="Cratistii">Cratistii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobetani" title="Lobetani">Lobetani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusones" title="Lusones">Lusones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olcades" title="Olcades">Olcades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oretani" title="Oretani">Oretani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellendones" title="Pellendones">Pellendones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titii_(Celtiberian)" title="Titii (Celtiberian)">Titii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turboletae" title="Turboletae">Turboletae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraci" title="Uraci">Uraci</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albiones" title="Albiones">Albiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroni" title="Arroni">Arroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabri" title="Artabri">Artabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baedi" title="Baedi">Baedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracari" title="Bracari">Bracari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capori" title="Capori">Capori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtici_Praestamarici" title="Celtici Praestamarici">Celtici Praestamarici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtici_Supertamarici" title="Celtici Supertamarici">Celtici Supertamarici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibarci" title="Cibarci">Cibarci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cileni" title="Cileni">Cileni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelerni" title="Coelerni">Coelerni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equaesi" title="Equaesi">Equaesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaeci_(tribe)" title="Gallaeci (tribe)">Gallaeci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grovii" title="Grovii">Grovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iadovi" title="Iadovi">Iadovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interamici" title="Interamici">Interamici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatianci" title="Lapatianci">Lapatianci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemavi" title="Lemavi">Lemavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuni" title="Leuni">Leuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limici" title="Limici">Limici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louguei" title="Louguei">Louguei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanqui" title="Luanqui">Luanqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namarini" title="Namarini">Namarini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narbasi" title="Narbasi">Narbasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemetati" title="Nemetati">Nemetati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerii" title="Nerii">Nerii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poemani" title="Poemani">Poemani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaquerni" title="Quaquerni">Quaquerni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seurbi" title="Seurbi">Seurbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seurri" title="Seurri">Seurri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamagani" title="Tamagani">Tamagani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turodi" title="Turodi">Turodi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Celtic<br />peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allotriges" title="Allotriges">Allotriges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astures" title="Astures">Astures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autrigones" title="Autrigones">Autrigones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suessetani" title="Suessetani">Suessetani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berones" title="Berones">Berones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabri" title="Cantabri">Cantabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caristii" title="Caristii">Caristii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpetani" title="Carpetani">Carpetani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtici" title="Celtici">Celtici</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mir%C3%B3briga" title="Miróbriga">Mirobrigenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophiussa" title="Ophiussa">Ophi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefes" title="Sefes">Sefes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noric_language" title="Noric language">Eastern Celts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oestriminis" title="Oestriminis">Oestriminis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plentauri" title="Plentauri">Plentauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turduli" title="Turduli">Turduli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardili_(Turduli)" title="Bardili (Turduli)">Bardili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turduli_Oppidani" title="Turduli Oppidani">Oppidani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turduli_Veteres" title="Turduli Veteres">Veteres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmodigi" title="Turmodigi">Turmodigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccaei" title="Vaccaei">Vaccaei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varduli" title="Varduli">Varduli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Para-<a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> peoples?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lusitanians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paesuri" title="Paesuri">Paesuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapoli" title="Tapoli">Tapoli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vettones" title="Vettones">Vettones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bletonesii" title="Bletonesii">Bletonesii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartessos" title="Tartessos">Tartessos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynetes" title="Cynetes">Cynetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turdetani" title="Turdetani">Turdetani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mastia" title="Mastia">Mastieni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turdetani" title="Turdetani">Turdetani Proper</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germanic peoples?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germani_(Oretania)" title="Germani (Oretania)">Germani (Oretania)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaeans_(tribe)" title="Achaeans (tribe)">Achaeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolians" title="Aeolians">Aeolians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Dorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionians" title="Ionians">Ionians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semitic peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_Iberia" title="Carthaginian Iberia">Carthaginians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punic_people" title="Punic people">Punics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> were not occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>. The Madeira and Azores islands were unoccupied until the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> in the 15th century; the Canary islands, the <a href="/wiki/Guanches" title="Guanches">Guanches</a> occupied the territory until the Castilians.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portugal_articles585" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portugal_topics" title="Template:Portugal topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portugal_topics" title="Template talk:Portugal topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portugal_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portugal topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portugal_articles585" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Portugal-related_articles" title="Index of Portugal-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal" title="History of Portugal">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Portuguese_history" title="Timeline of Portuguese history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oestriminis" title="Oestriminis">Oestriminis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophiussa" title="Ophiussa">Ophiussa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lusitanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_tribe" title="Buri tribe">Buri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">County of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zamora" title="Treaty of Zamora">Treaty of Zamora</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifestis_Probatum" title="Manifestis Probatum">Manifestis Probatum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1383%E2%80%931385_Portuguese_interregnum" title="1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum">1383–1385 interregnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Windsor_(1386)" title="Treaty of Windsor (1386)">Treaty of Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Portugal in the Middle Ages">Consolidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1415%E2%80%931578)" title="History of Portugal (1415–1578)">Portuguese golden age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Renaissance" title="Portuguese Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Restoration War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">1755 Lisbon earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1761_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1761 Lisbon earthquake">1761 Lisbon earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1777%E2%80%931834)" title="History of Portugal (1777–1834)">History of Portugal (1777–1834)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves" title="United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves">United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Revolution_of_1820" title="Liberal Revolution of 1820">Liberal Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Wars" title="Liberal Wars">Liberal Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1834%E2%80%931910)" title="History of Portugal (1834–1910)">Constitutional monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Portuguese_Republic" title="First Portuguese Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_May_1926_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="28 May 1926 coup d'état">28 de Maio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Overseas War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Portuguese_Republic" title="Third Portuguese Republic">Third Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Portugal" title="Economic history of Portugal">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Portugal" title="Military history of Portugal">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Portugal" title="Music history of Portugal">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portuguese" title="History of Portuguese">Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Portugal" title="Geography of Portugal">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Portugal" title="List of cities in Portugal">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Portugal" title="List of mountains in Portugal">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Portugal" title="List of islands of Portugal">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Portugal" title="List of lakes of Portugal">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Portugal" title="List of rivers of Portugal">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Portugal" title="List of earthquakes in Portugal">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Portugal" title="List of volcanoes in Portugal">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Portugal" title="Politics of Portugal">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Portugal" title="Constitution of Portugal">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Portugal" title="Elections in Portugal">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Portugal" title="Foreign relations of Portugal">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portugal" title="Government of Portugal">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Portugal" title="Judiciary of Portugal">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Portugal" title="Law of Portugal">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Portugal" title="Law enforcement in Portugal">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Portugal" title="Human rights in Portugal">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Portugal">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Portugal" title="List of political parties in Portugal">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Portugal" title="Economy of Portugal">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Portugal" title="Agriculture in Portugal">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_de_Portugal" title="Banco de Portugal">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Portugal" title="Economic history of Portugal">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Portugal" title="Energy in Portugal">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Portugal" title="Exclusive economic zone of Portugal">Exclusive Economic Zone <span style="font-size: 85%;">(EEZ)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Portugal">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Portugal" title="Mining in Portugal">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Portugal" title="Science and technology in Portugal">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Lisbon" title="Euronext Lisbon">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Portugal" title="Telecommunications in Portugal">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Portugal" title="Tourism in Portugal">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Portugal" title="Transport in Portugal">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Portugal" title="Rail transport in Portugal">Rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Portugal" title="Category:Society of Portugal">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Portugal" title="Crime in Portugal">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Portugal" title="Demographics of Portugal">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Portugal" title="Drug policy of Portugal">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Portugal" title="Education in Portugal">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Portugal" title="Health in Portugal">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Portugal" title="Homelessness in Portugal">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Portugal" title="Housing in Portugal">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Portugal" title="Immigration to Portugal">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Portugal" title="Languages of Portugal">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Portugal" title="Naturism in Portugal">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Portugal">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Portugal" title="Prostitution in Portugal">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Portugal" title="Time in Portugal">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Portugal" title="Women in Portugal">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Portugal" title="Culture of Portugal">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_architecture" title="Portuguese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_wine" title="Portuguese wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_literature" title="Portuguese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Portugal" title="Mass media in Portugal">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_monuments_of_Portugal" title="List of national monuments of Portugal">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Portugal" title="Public holidays in Portugal">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Portugal" title="Sport in Portugal">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Portugal" title="National symbols of Portugal">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Portugal" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Portugal">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Portugal" title="Outline of Portugal">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Portugal-related_articles" title="Index of Portugal-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portugal" title="Category:Portugal">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portugal" title="Portal:Portugal">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&oldid=1280937469">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&oldid=1280937469</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lusitanians" title="Category:Lusitanians">Lusitanians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tribes_of_Lusitania" title="Category:Tribes of Lusitania">Tribes of Lusitania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historical_Celtic_peoples" title="Category:Historical Celtic peoples">Historical Celtic peoples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_peoples_of_Portugal" title="Category:Ancient peoples of Portugal">Ancient peoples of Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indo-European_peoples" title="Category:Indo-European peoples">Indo-European peoples</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)">Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt)" title="Category:Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt)">Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt)" title="Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)">CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2009" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2009">Articles needing additional references from May 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spoken_articles" title="Category:Spoken articles">Spoken articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 March 2025, at 09:27<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lusitanians&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lusitanians</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>34 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65585cc8dc-drd2k","wgBackendResponseTime":152,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.797","walltime":"1.068","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5140,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":138014,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13980,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":30,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":137044,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 929.396 1 -total"," 32.06% 297.976 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.98% 111.350 8 Template:Cite_web"," 10.93% 101.579 1 Template:Langx"," 8.50% 78.962 3 Template:Navbox"," 8.42% 78.257 1 Template:Portugal_topics"," 8.40% 78.061 1 Template:Pre-Roman_peoples_in_Iberia"," 8.10% 75.304 1 Template:Country_topics"," 7.53% 69.992 2 Template:Refbegin"," 7.18% 66.753 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.502","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21601291,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAlarcão2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnthony2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCardim_Ribeiro2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaly2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEduardo_Peralta_Labrador2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEncarnação2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEncarnação2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFraile1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaak2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoch2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuján2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacCulloch2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMallory1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMallory2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPedreño2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiggot1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrósper2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuintela2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRisco1779\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTamburelliBrasca2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThayer\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWodtko2010\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 8,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Google books\"] = 3,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 7,\n [\"ISSN\"] = 1,\n [\"In lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"More citations needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Portugal topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Pre-Roman peoples in Iberia\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 5,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Spoken Wikipedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-684955989f-j6dtw","timestamp":"20250331174525","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lusitanians","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lusitanians","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q837549","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q837549","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-04-26T16:53:44Z","dateModified":"2025-03-17T09:27:46Z","headline":"ancient Celtic people"}</script> </body> </html>