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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia_fisica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia_fisica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografia fisica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia_fisica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Polack</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 58 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polatsk" title="Polatsk - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Polatsk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%83" title="بولوتسك - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بولوتسك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polotsk" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA" title="Полацк - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Полацк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Полацак - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Полацак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA" title="Полоцк - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полоцк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2latsk" title="Pòlatsk - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pòlatsk" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA" title="Полоцк - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Полоцк" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polack" title="Polack - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Polack" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polock" title="Polock - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polock" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Полотьскъ - slavo ecclesiastico" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Полотьскъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavo ecclesiastico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA" title="Полоцк - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Полоцк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polotsk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polazk" title="Polazk - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polazk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polotsk" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polack" title="Polack - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Polack" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lotsk" title="Pólotsk - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pólotsk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polatsk" title="Polatsk - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Polatsk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polotsk" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="پولوتسک - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پولوتسک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polatsk" title="Polatsk - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Polatsk" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Polotsk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polatsk_(Steed)" title="Polatsk (Steed) - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Polatsk (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polatsk" title="Polatsk - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Polatsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%A7" title="פולאצק - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פולאצק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polock" title="Polock - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Polock" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polack" title="Polack - alto sorabo" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Polack" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polack" title="Polack - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Polack" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AF" title="Պոլոցկ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոլոցկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Polotsk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%84%E3%82%AF" title="ポラツク - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポラツク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="პოლოცკი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლოცკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%B8%A0%ED%81%AC" title="폴라츠크 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴라츠크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotia" title="Polotia - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Polotia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polockas" title="Polockas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Polockas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polocka" title="Polocka - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Polocka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA" title="Полоцк - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Полоцк" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polazk" title="Polazk - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Polazk" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polatsk" title="Polatsk - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polatsk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polatsk" title="Polatsk - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polatsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA" title="Полоцк - ossetico" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Полоцк" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%82ock" title="Połock - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Połock" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polatsk" title="Polatsk - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polatsk" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo%C8%9Bk" title="Poloțk - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Poloțk" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA" title="Полоцк - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полоцк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Polotsk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polock" title="Polock - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Polock" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Polotsk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polock" title="Polock - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Polock" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA" title="Полоцк - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полоцк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polotsk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Polotsk" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polotsk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA" title="Полоцк - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Полоцк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polatsk" title="Polatsk - taitiano" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Polatsk" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="taitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA" title="Полоцьк - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Полоцьк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="پولوتسک - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پولوتسک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89%E8%8C%A8%E5%85%8B" title="波拉茨克 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波拉茨克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="latitude">55°29′31.5″N</span>, <span class="longitude">28°48′04.85″E</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Polack</span>)</span></span></span></span></div></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Polack_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Polack (disambigua)">Polack (disambigua)</a></b> o <b><a href="/wiki/Polock_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Polock (disambigua)">Polock (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata noprint plainlinks avviso avviso-generico"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puzzle_stub.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abbozzo"><img alt="Abbozzo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Puzzle_stub.svg/45px-Puzzle_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Puzzle_stub.svg/68px-Puzzle_stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Puzzle_stub.svg/90px-Puzzle_stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce  sull'argomento centri abitati della Bielorussia è solo un <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Abbozzo" title="Aiuto:Abbozzo">abbozzo</a></b>.<br /> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polack&action=edit">Contribuisci</a> a migliorarla secondo le <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Manuale_di_stile" title="Aiuto:Manuale di stile">convenzioni di Wikipedia</a>. </div> <div class="hide-when-compact"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEDEFF;color: black;">Polack<br /><span class="sinottico_sottotitolo"><a href="/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_della_Bielorussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Città della Bielorussia">città</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="bielorusso">BE</abbr></span>) Полацк<br />(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="russo">RU</abbr></span>) Полоцк </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div style="display:grid; grid-auto-flow:column; gap:.2em .4em; margin:0 auto; max-width:255px; align-items:center; justify-content:space-evenly;"> <div style="grid-area:1;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Po%C5%82ack,_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polack – Stemma"><img alt="Polack – Stemma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_Arms_of_Po%C5%82ack%2C_Belarus.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Po%C5%82ack%2C_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_Arms_of_Po%C5%82ack%2C_Belarus.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Po%C5%82ack%2C_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_Arms_of_Po%C5%82ack%2C_Belarus.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Po%C5%82ack%2C_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="241" /></a></span></div> <div style="grid-area:1;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_city_of_Polotsk_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polack – Bandiera"><img alt="Polack – Bandiera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_city_of_Polotsk_Belarus.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_city_of_Polotsk_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_city_of_Polotsk_Belarus.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_city_of_Polotsk_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_city_of_Polotsk_Belarus.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_city_of_Polotsk_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="299" /></a></span></div> </div> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Polack_Montage_(2017).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polack – Veduta"><img alt="Polack – Veduta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Polack_Montage_%282017%29.jpg/178px-Polack_Montage_%282017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Polack_Montage_%282017%29.jpg/268px-Polack_Montage_%282017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Polack_Montage_%282017%29.jpg/357px-Polack_Montage_%282017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3658" data-file-height="5120" /></a><figcaption>Polack – Veduta</figcaption></figure> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEDEFF;color: black;">Localizzazione</th></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Stato" title="Stato">Stato</a></th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bielorussia (bandiera)"><img alt="Bielorussia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia">Bielorussia</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Regioni_della_Bielorussia" title="Regioni della Bielorussia">Regione</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Regione_di_Vicebsk" title="Regione di Vicebsk">Vicebsk</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Distretti_della_Bielorussia" title="Distretti della Bielorussia">Distretto</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Distretto_di_Polack" title="Distretto di Polack">Polack</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEDEFF;color: black;">Amministrazione</th></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;">Sindaco</th><td>Nikolaj Ševčuk<small></small> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEDEFF;color: black;">Territorio</th></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Coordinate_geografiche" title="Coordinate geografiche">Coordinate</a></th><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139486644">body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output #coordinates{font-size:85%;line-height:1.5em;white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Speciale:Map/10/55.492082/28.801346/it" data-zoom="10" data-lat="55.492082" data-lon="28.801346" data-overlays="["_a031dc7fbe81ff58e1e74731183257efb56da4c3"]">55°29′31.5″N 28°48′04.85″E</a><span class="vcard"><span class="geo" style="display:none"><span class="latitude">55°29′31.5″N</span>, <span class="longitude">28°48′04.85″E</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Polack</span>)</span></span></span> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Altitudine" title="Altitudine">Altitudine</a></th><td>111 e 126 <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a> <a href="/wiki/Livello_del_mare" title="Livello del mare">s.l.m.</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Superficie</a></th><td>36,74 <a href="/wiki/Chilometro_quadrato" title="Chilometro quadrato">km²</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Popolazione" title="Popolazione">Abitanti</a></th><td>82 769 <small>(2004)</small> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0_di_popolazione" title="Densità di popolazione">Densità</a></th><td>2 252,83 ab./<a href="/wiki/Chilometro_quadrato" title="Chilometro quadrato">km²</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEDEFF;color: black;">Altre informazioni</th></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;">Lingue</th><td><a href="/wiki/Lingua_bielorussa" title="Lingua bielorussa">bielorusso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">russo</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Codice_postale" title="Codice postale">Cod. postale</a></th><td>211291, 211400 - 211402, 211404 - 211415, 211422 </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Prefisso_telefonico" title="Prefisso telefonico">Prefisso</a></th><td>+375-0214 </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Fuso_orario" title="Fuso orario">Fuso orario</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Targa_d%27immatricolazione" title="Targa d'immatricolazione">Targa</a></th><td>2 </td></tr><tr><th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Santo_patrono" title="Santo patrono">Patrono</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Eufrosina_di_Polack" title="Eufrosina di Polack">Eufrosina di Polack</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEDEFF;color: black;">Cartografia</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div class="center"><div style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mappa di localizzazione: Bielorussia"><img alt="Mappa di localizzazione: Bielorussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Belarus_location_map.svg/260px-Belarus_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Belarus_location_map.svg/390px-Belarus_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Belarus_location_map.svg/520px-Belarus_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1626" data-file-height="1451" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;top:17.131%;left:58.429%;height:0;width:0;margin:0;padding:0"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:-4px;top:-4px;width:8px;font-size:8px;line-height:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="http://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=55.492082&mlon=28.801346&zoom=6" title="Polack" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Polack" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;left:5px;text-align:left"><span style="padding:1px;float:left">Polack</span></div></div></div></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEDEFF;color: black;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epolotsk.com/">Sito istituzionale</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200797" class="extiw" title="d:Q200797"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Polack su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Divisione_amministrativa/man" title="Template:Divisione amministrativa/man"><span title="Manuale del template Divisione amministrativa">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Polack</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_bielorussa" title="Lingua bielorussa">bielorusso</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="be">По́лацк</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Cirillico" title="Aiuto:Cirillico">?</a></sup></span>; in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">russo</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="ru">По́лоцк</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Cirillico" title="Aiuto:Cirillico">?</a></sup></span>, <i>Polock</i>, pronuncia: Pòlatsk; in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_polacca" title="Lingua polacca">polacco</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="pl"><i>Połock</i></span>; in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_lituana" title="Lingua lituana">lituano</a> <i>Polockas</i>) è una città della <a href="/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia">Bielorussia</a> nella <a href="/wiki/Regione_di_Vicebsk" title="Regione di Vicebsk">regione di Vicebsk</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia_fisica">Geografia fisica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polack&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Geografia fisica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polack&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geografia fisica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polack è situata nella Bielorussia settentrionale, lungo la riva destra della <a href="/wiki/Daugava" title="Daugava">Dvina occidentale</a>, alla confluenza della <a href="/wiki/Polota" title="Polota">Polota</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polack&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polack&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La città è uno dei più antichi insediamenti degli <a href="/wiki/Slavi_orientali" title="Slavi orientali">slavi orientali</a>: viene menzionata per la prima volta nella <i><a href="/wiki/Cronaca_degli_anni_passati" title="Cronaca degli anni passati">Cronaca degli anni passati</a></i> relativamente all'anno <a href="/wiki/862" title="862">862</a>. </p><p>Tra il <a href="/wiki/X_secolo" title="X secolo">X</a> e il <a href="/wiki/XII_secolo" title="XII secolo">XII secolo</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Principato_di_Polack" title="Principato di Polack">Principato di Polack</a> emerse come il centro di potere dominante in quello che oggi è il territorio bielorusso. Il periodo d'oro della Polack medievale coincide con il governo del figlio di Brjačislav, Vseslav (1044–1101). Questi approfittò delle guerre civili in corso a Kiev per rivendicare la propria indipendenza e gestire in maniera autonoma gli affari del principato. Durante questo periodo, Polack divenne un centro commerciale importante perché crocevia tra le diverse città orientale della <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_di_Kiev" title="Rus' di Kiev">Rus'</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>: inoltre, stando alle saghe nordiche, il sovrano procedette a rafforzare le fortificazioni locali. Vseslav riuscì a gestire le relazioni diplomatiche sia con <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a> che con i <a href="/wiki/Variaghi" title="Variaghi">variaghi</a>. Il più delle volte, i discendenti di Izjaslav governarono il Principato in modo indipendente rispetto al Gran Principe della Rus', effettuando però un riconoscimento formale dei <a href="/wiki/Rjurikidi" title="Rjurikidi">rjurikidi</a>. Dopo la fine del X secolo, Polack riuscì ad espandersi ad ovest, a ridosso delle attuali regioni orientali di Lituania e Lettonia poste al confine con la Bielorussia. </p><p>Parte della <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_di_Kiev" title="Rus' di Kiev">Rus' di Kiev</a>, tra il <a href="/wiki/X_secolo" title="X secolo">X</a> ed il <a href="/wiki/XII_secolo" title="XII secolo">XII secolo</a> il <a href="/wiki/Principato_di_Polack" title="Principato di Polack">Principato di Polack</a> divenne uno dei principali centri di potere dell'attuale territorio bielorusso: a quest'epoca risalgono le costruzioni della <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattedrale_di_Santa_Sofia_(Polack)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cattedrale di Santa Sofia (Polack) (la pagina non esiste)">cattedrale di Santa Sofia</a> (restaurata in stile <a href="/wiki/Architettura_barocca" title="Architettura barocca">barocco</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1750" title="1750">1750</a>) e la chiesa del <a href="/wiki/Monastero" title="Monastero">monastero</a> <i>Spaso-Evfrosin'evskij</i>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1240" title="1240">1240</a> divenne un vassallo dei principi lituani. Il granduca di Lituania <a href="/wiki/Vytenis" title="Vytenis">Vytenis</a> conquistò la città annettendola ai suoi domini nel <a href="/wiki/1307" title="1307">1307</a>. Successivamente divenne la prima città del granducato lituano a ricevere una carta di autonomia. Con il possesso di Polack i lituani riuscirono ad assicurarsi il controllo la rotta commerciale della Dvina e dell'economia delle regioni circostanti. Il <a href="/wiki/Diritto_di_Magdeburgo" title="Diritto di Magdeburgo">diritto di Magdeburgo</a> fu introdotto nel <a href="/wiki/1498" title="1498">1498</a>. La cittadina, ribattezzata <i>Połock</i> dai polacchi, divenne capoluogo del voivodato omonimo della <a href="/wiki/Confederazione_polacco-lituana" title="Confederazione polacco-lituana">Confederazione polacco-lituana</a>. Catturata dall'esercito moscovita di <a href="/wiki/Ivan_il_Terribile" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan il Terribile">Ivan il Terribile</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1563" title="1563">1563</a>, fu restituita al <a href="/wiki/Granducato_di_Lituania" title="Granducato di Lituania">Granducato di Lituania</a> solo 15 anni dopo. Durante la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_russo-polacca_(1654-1667)" title="Guerra russo-polacca (1654-1667)">guerra russo-polacca</a> fu nuovamente catturata dalla Russia il 17 giugno <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>, ma fu poi riconquistata dalla Polonia-Lituania il 30 ottobre <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>. </p><p>In seguito alla <a href="/wiki/Prima_spartizione_della_Polonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prima spartizione della Polonia">prima spartizione della Polonia</a> del 1772, Połock entrò a far parte dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_russo" title="Impero russo">Impero russo</a> ricevette il nome russo di <i>Polock</i>. </p><p>Dal momento che l'imperatrice russa <a href="/wiki/Caterina_II_di_Russia" title="Caterina II di Russia">Caterina II</a> non riconosceva la soppressione papale della <a href="/wiki/Compagnia_di_Ges%C3%B9" title="Compagnia di Gesù">Compagnia di Gesù</a> (1773-1814), le istituzioni gesuiti in queste terre non furono sciolti. Ciò fece di Polack uno dei principali centri europei dell'Ordine, che nel 1780 aprì un noviziato. Successivamente poi la cittadina fu raggiunta da altri importanti esponenti gesuiti provenienti da altre parti d'Europa che portarono con sé libri e collezioni scientifiche di valore. I monaci continuarono il loro lavoro pastorale e contribuendo a migliorare il Collegio dei Gesuiti di Polack (aperto nel 1580 per decreto del re polacco <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Batory" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Batory">Stefan Batory</a>, con il gesuita <a href="/wiki/Piotr_Skarga" title="Piotr Skarga">Piotr Skarga</a> come primo rettore) e l'Accademia di Polack (1812-1820), dotata di tre facoltà (Teologia, Lingue e Arti Liberali), quattro biblioteche, una tipografia, una libreria, un teatro con tre palchi, un museo scientifico, una galleria d'arte e un periodico scientifico e letterario, e un centro medico. La scuola promosse anche l'apertura di un collegio a San Pietroburgo, in una missione a <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a> e di una spedizione a <a href="/wiki/Canton" title="Canton">Canton</a>. </p><p>Durante la <a href="/wiki/Campagna_di_Russia" title="Campagna di Russia">campagna di Russia</a> napoleonica furono combattute nei dintorni di Polack due battaglie: <a href="/wiki/Prima_battaglia_di_Polack" title="Prima battaglia di Polack">una nell'agosto 1812</a> e <a href="/wiki/Seconda_battaglia_di_Polack" title="Seconda battaglia di Polack">la seconda</a> nell'ottobre successivo. </p><p>Nel 1820 la <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_ortodossa_russa" title="Chiesa ortodossa russa">Chiesa ortodossa russa</a> fece pressione sullo zar <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_I_di_Russia" title="Alessandro I di Russia">Alessandro I</a> affinché cacciasse i gesuiti e chiudesse l'Accademia di Polack, in quel momento frequentata da 700 studenti. Le autorità russe chiusero anche la biblioteca dell'Accademia, fornita di 40.000-60.000 volumi, una delle più ricche collezioni di libri dal <a href="/wiki/XVI_secolo" title="XVI secolo">XVI</a> al <a href="/wiki/XVIII_secolo" title="XVIII secolo">XVIII secolo</a>. Il patrimonio librario venne disperso tra alcune città dell'Impero come San Pietroburgo, dove 4000 volumi andarono alla Biblioteca scientifica dell'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_statale_di_San_Pietroburgo" title="Università statale di San Pietroburgo">Università statale</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>. La scuola continuò ad essere gestita per circa vent'anni dalla <a href="/wiki/Arcieparchia_di_Polack" title="Arcieparchia di Polack">locale arcieparchia greco-cattolica</a> ma come semplice seminario e collegio. Oggi il suo edificio fa parte della università cittadina dedicata a Santa <a href="/wiki/Eufrosina_di_Polack" title="Eufrosina di Polack">Eufrosina di Polack</a>. </p><p>Nel 1839 la città di Polack fu sede del sinodo della <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_greco-cattolica" title="Chiesa greco-cattolica">Chiesa greco-cattolica</a> che decretò il suo "ritorno" alla <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_ortodossa_russa" title="Chiesa ortodossa russa">Chiesa ortodossa russa</a>. </p><p>Nelle fasi finali della <a href="/wiki/Prima_guerra_mondiale" title="Prima guerra mondiale">prima guerra mondiale</a> Polack fu occupata dalle truppe <a href="/wiki/Impero_tedesco" title="Impero tedesco">tedesche</a> tra il 25 febbraio <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> e il 21 novembre 1918. Nel corso della successiva <a href="/wiki/Guerra_sovietico-polacca" title="Guerra sovietico-polacca">guerra sovietico-polacca</a> fu controllata dall'esercito di Varsavia tra il 22 settembre <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> e il 14 maggio <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>. Nella <a href="/wiki/Seconda_guerra_mondiale" title="Seconda guerra mondiale">seconda guerra mondiale</a> fu occupata dai <a href="/wiki/Germania_nazista" title="Germania nazista">nazisti</a> tra il 16 luglio <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> e il 4 luglio <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>. Polack funse da capoluogo della <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regione_di_Polack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regione di Polack (la pagina non esiste)">regione omonima</a> tra il 20 settembre 1944 e l'8 gennaio 1954 quando quest'entità fu smembrata tra le confinanti regioni di Vicebsk <a href="/wiki/Maladze%C4%8Dna" title="Maladzečna">Maladzečna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polack&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polack&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Economia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139255918">.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#fbfbfb;margin-bottom:.5em;padding:0 2px 0 3px;margin:5px 10%;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini>div:first-of-type{margin:2px 2px 2px 0}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini .mw-collapsible-content{padding:2px 0 0 7px}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-informazioni{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-contenuto{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-stile{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-statico{border-left:10px solid limegreen}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-struttura{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .avviso-mini-generico{border-left:10px solid #bba}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .avviso-mini{border:none;margin-bottom:1px;padding:inherit}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .avviso-mini .mbox-text-div{font-style:normal}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .avviso-mini>div{padding:8px 8px 8px 32px!important;position:relative}</style><div class="ambox avviso-mini noprint metadata avviso-mini-informazioni plainlinks"> <div class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div" style="display:flex; flex-direction:row; align-items:center; column-gap:5px;"><span class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill-Nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sezione vuota"><img alt="Sezione vuota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/20px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/30px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Quill-Nuvola.svg/40px-Quill-Nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></span><span style="width:100%"><b>Questa sezione  sugli argomenti centri abitati della Bielorussia e economia è ancora vuota</b>. <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polack&action=edit">Aiutaci</a> a scriverla!</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polack&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polack&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Polotsk"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polotsk?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polotsk?uselang=it">Polack</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polack&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polack&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belarusguide.com/cities/polacak.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Polack su <i>Belarusguide.com</i><span></span></span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">belarusguide.com</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radzima.org/pub/miesta.php?lang=en&miesta_id1=vipopola"><span style="font-style:italic;">Immagini di Polack</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">radzima.org</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfcollection.net/cities/belarus/polotsk/polotsk.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Immagini storiche di Polack</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">bfcollection.net</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:VitebskCity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:VitebskCity (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:VitebskCity&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bielorussia (bandiera)"><img alt="Bielorussia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Città della <a href="/wiki/Regione_di_Vicebsk" title="Regione di Vicebsk">regione di Vicebsk</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd"><b><a href="/wiki/Vicebsk" title="Vicebsk">Vicebsk</a></b><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%A1ankovi%C4%8Dy" title="Bešankovičy">Bešankovičy</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Brasla%C5%AD" title="Braslaŭ">Braslaŭ</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ca%C5%A1niki" title="Čašniki">Čašniki</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dok%C5%A1icy" title="Dokšicy">Dokšicy</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dubro%C5%ADna" title="Dubroŭna">Dubroŭna</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Haradok" title="Haradok">Haradok</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hlybokae" title="Hlybokae">Hlybokae</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lepel%27" title="Lepel'">Lepel'</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ABzna" title="Lëzna">Lëzna</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%ABry" title="Mëry">Mëry</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Navapolack" title="Navapolack">Navapolack</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Or%C5%A1a" title="Orša">Orša</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polack</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pastavy" title="Pastavy">Pastavy</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasony (la pagina non esiste)">Rasony</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0arka%C5%AD%C5%A1%C4%8Dyna" title="Šarkaŭščyna">Šarkaŭščyna</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sjanno" title="Sjanno">Sjanno</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0umilina" title="Šumilina">Šumilina</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tala%C4%8Dyn" title="Talačyn">Talačyn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/U%C5%A1a%C4%8Dy" title="Ušačy">Ušačy</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Verchnjadzvinsk" title="Verchnjadzvinsk">Verchnjadzvinsk</a></td><td rowspan="1" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Viciebsk,_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Viciebsk%2C_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Viciebsk%2C_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Viciebsk%2C_Belarus.svg/60px-Flag_of_Viciebsk%2C_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Viciebsk%2C_Belarus.svg/80px-Flag_of_Viciebsk%2C_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151419297">151419297</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Servizio_bibliotecario_nazionale" title="Servizio bibliotecario nazionale">SBN</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/luogo/TO0L002767">TO0L002767</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n93029967">n93029967</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4376137-9">4376137-9</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6121973">XX6121973</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX6121973">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15059482b">cb15059482b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15059482b">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007530927205171">987007530927205171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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