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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Generalități" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generalități"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Generalități</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generalități-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Utilizare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilizare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drojdiile_de_bere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drojdiile_de_bere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Drojdiile de bere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drojdiile_de_bere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Răspândire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Răspândire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Răspândire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Răspândire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-În_România" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#În_România"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>În România</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-În_România-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Drojdie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 100 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gis" title="Gis – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%88%BE" title="እርሾ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እርሾ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levaduras" title="Levaduras – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Levaduras" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="خميرة – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خميرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleldu" title="Lleldu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lleldu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="खमीर – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="खमीर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_g%C3%B6b%C9%99l%C9%99yi" title="Maya göbələyi – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maya göbələyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%BF%D1%80%D3%99_%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Сүпрә бәшмәктәре – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сүпрә бәшмәктәре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ" title="Germ – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Germ" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Yeast" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B" title="Дрожджы – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дрожджы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Дрожди – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дрожди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="ঈস্ট – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঈস্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goell" title="Goell – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Goell" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasci" title="Kvasci – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kvasci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent" title="Rent – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rent" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Совсорг – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Совсорг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasinky" title="Kvasinky – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvasinky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Çĕпре – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕпре" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burum" title="Burum – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Burum" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A6rsvamp" title="Gærsvamp – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gærsvamp" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hefen" title="Hefen – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hefen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ζυμομύκητες – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζυμομύκητες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Yeast" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisto" title="Gisto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gisto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levadura" title="Levadura – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Levadura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4rmseened" title="Pärmseened – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pärmseened" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legamia" title="Legamia – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Legamia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua" title="Lua – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lua" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B1" title="مخمر – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مخمر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiivat" title="Hiivat – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiivat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levure" title="Levure – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Levure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%AAst" title="Gêst – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gêst" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giosta" title="Giosta – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Giosta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirm" title="Beirm – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beirm" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9vedo" title="Lévedo – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lévedo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yis" title="Yis – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yis" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שמרים – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="खमीर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खमीर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasac" title="Kvasac – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kvasac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89leszt%C5%91" title="Élesztő – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Élesztő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Խմորասնկեր – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խմորասնկեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levatura" title="Levatura – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Levatura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamir" title="Khamir – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Khamir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hefo" title="Hefo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hefo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger" title="Ger – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ger" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lievito" title="Lievito – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lievito" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="酵母 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酵母" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamir" title="Khamir – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Khamir" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="საფუარები – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფუარები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamtunt" title="Tamtunt – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamtunt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%82%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ашытқылар – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ашытқылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಯೀಸ್ಟ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯೀಸ್ಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9A%A8%EB%AA%A8" title="효모 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="효모" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meya" title="Meya – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Ачыткы козу карын – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ачыткы козу карын" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermento" title="Fermento – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Fermento" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%A0t_(f%C3%B3ns)" title="Leàt (fóns) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Leàt (fóns)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel%C4%97s" title="Mielės – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mielės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raugs" title="Raugs – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Raugs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragi" title="Ragi – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ragi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Квасец – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Квасец" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="യീസ്റ്റ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യീസ്റ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="किण्व – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="किण्व" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yis" title="Yis – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="တဆေး – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တဆေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Оргат – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Оргат" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gist" title="Gist – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gist" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gj%C3%A6r" title="Gjær – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gjær" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raacitii" title="Raacitii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Raacitii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0" title="ਖ਼ਮੀਰ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖ਼ਮੀਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dro%C5%BCd%C5%BCe" title="Drożdże – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Drożdże" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levedura" title="Levedura – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Levedura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qunchu" title="Qunchu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qunchu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B6%D0%B8" title="Дрожжи – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дрожжи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8vitu" title="Lèvitu – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lèvitu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baurm" title="Baurm – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Baurm" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasac" title="Kvasac – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kvasac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yeast" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasinka" title="Kvasinka – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvasinka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasovka" title="Kvasovka – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvasovka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbiriso" title="Mbiriso – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mbiriso" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majaja" title="Majaja – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Majaja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Квасац – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Квасац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4st" title="Jäst – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jäst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamira" title="Hamira – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hamira" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மதுவம் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மதுவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ยีสต์ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยีสต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_(biyoloji)" title="Maya (biyoloji) – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maya (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%DA%86%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%82%DB%87" title="ئېچىتقۇ – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېچىتقۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%96" title="Дріжджі – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дріжджі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="خمیر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خمیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E1%BA%A5m_men" title="Nấm men – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nấm men" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesse" title="Yesse – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Yesse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libadura" title="Libadura – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Libadura" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="酵母 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="酵母" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9F" title="הייוון – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הייוון" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="酵母 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="酵母" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0%E2%81%BF-b%C3%BA" title="Kàⁿ-bú – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kàⁿ-bú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E5%A3%AB" title="依士 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="依士" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45422#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Drojdie" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Drojdie" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Drojdie"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Drojdie"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Drojdie" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Drojdie" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&oldid=16322184" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Drojdie&id=16322184&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDrojdie"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDrojdie"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Drojdie"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Drojdie&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yeasts" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45422" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br /> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 280px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: lightblue"><i>Drojdie</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg/200px-S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg/300px-S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg/400px-S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: lightblue"><a href="/wiki/Clasificare_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Bific%C4%83" title="Clasificare științifică">Clasificare științifică</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domeniu: </td> <td><span class="domeniu" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eucariot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucariot">Eukaryota</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Regn: </td> <td><span class="regn" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Regn_Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Regn Fungi">Fungi</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: lightblue">Încrengături </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ascomycota" title="Ascomycota">Ascomycota</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saccharomycotina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saccharomycotina — pagină inexistentă">Saccharomycotina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taphrinomycotina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taphrinomycotina — pagină inexistentă">Taphrinomycotina</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schizosaccharomycetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schizosaccharomycetes — pagină inexistentă">Schizosaccharomycetes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Basidiomycota" title="Basidiomycota">Basidiomycota</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urediniomycetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urediniomycetes — pagină inexistentă">Urediniomycetes</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sporidiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sporidiales — pagină inexistentă">Sporidiales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #C5C9E6 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Taxobox" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:1_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg/220px-1_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg/330px-1_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg/440px-1_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Drojdie în repaus</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Drojdia</b> a fost folosită în coacere și fermentare, de mii de ani. Este folosită ca organism model în <a href="/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie">biologia</a> modernă a <a href="/wiki/Celul%C4%83" class="mw-disambig" title="Celulă">celulei</a> și este printre cele mai cercetate organisme eucariote. În ultima vreme s-a constatat că drojdia poate fi folosită pentru a genera energie electrică și că poate produce etanol. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generalități"><span id="Generalit.C4.83.C8.9Bi"></span>Generalități</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Generalități" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Generalități"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Au fost cercetate până în prezent peste 1.500 de specii de <b>drojdie</b>, fiecare având diferite mărimi, variind între 3 și 7 micrometri în diametru. Cu toate acestea, se presupune că doar 1% din toate speciile de drojdie ar fi fost descoperite. </p><p>Drojdia nu necesită lumină pentru a crește. Pentru acest scop ea utilizează resurse organice ca surse de energie. Unele specii necesită oxigen pentru “respirație”, altele, deși anaerobe, necesită <a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">oxigen</a> pentru înmulțire. </p><p>Drojdia se reproduce sexuat sau asexuat (cel mai des asexuat). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilizare">Utilizare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Utilizare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drojdia a fost cel mai mult folosită în <a href="/wiki/Biotehnologie" title="Biotehnologie">biotehnologie</a>. Fermentarea zahărului este cea mai veche și largă aplicație a acestei tehnologii. Multe specii de drojdie au fost folosite în producerea unor alimente: drojdia de pâine pentru producerea pâinii; drojdia de bere pentru producerea berii; drojdia de vin pentru producerea vinului. </p><p>Băuturile alcoolice sunt definite ca <a href="/wiki/Solu%C8%9Bie" class="mw-redirect" title="Soluție">soluții</a> care conțin <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a> (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH). Acest etanol este aproape întotdeauna produs prin <a href="/wiki/Fermenta%C8%9Bie" title="Fermentație">fermentație</a> - metabolismul <a href="/wiki/Glucid%C4%83" title="Glucidă">carbohidraților</a> provocat de anumite specii de drojdie sub condiții anaerobice sau scăzute în oxigen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drojdiile_de_bere">Drojdiile de bere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Drojdiile de bere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Drojdiile de bere"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Două tipuri de drojdii sunt folosite pentru fermentarea berii: <i>Saccharomyces cerevisae</i> și <i>Saccharomyces uvarum</i>. </p><p>Aceste drojdii metabolizează zaharurile din <a href="/wiki/Cereale" title="Cereale">cereale</a> (în caz că berea se face din cereale) și produc alcool și dioxid de carbon. </p> <ul><li><i>Saccharomyces cerevisae</i>, mai este cunoscută și ca <i>Ale Yeast</i>, adică drojdia care produce berea britanică de tip „<i>ale</i>”, are o temperatură de fermentație de 15-20°C, ocazional chiar mai mare decât 24°C.</li> <li><i>Saccharomyces uvarum</i> este drojdia care se folosește pentru fermentare la rece, unde temperatura de fermentare este în medie de 10°C. Cu această drojdie se face berea de tip „<i>lager</i>”. Această drojdie este capabilă, la aceasta temperatură, să proceseze <i>rafinoza</i>, care este o trizaharidă ce se găsește în toate cerealele și în mai multe legume. Astfel, berea „<i>lager</i>” nu mai conține zaharuri, spre deosebire de berea „<i>ale</i>”, a cărei drojdie nu este capabilă să proceseze decât fructoza, celelalte două componente ale trizaharidei (galactoza și glucoza) rămânând în berea „<i>ale</i>”. De aceea, berea „<i>ale</i>” este mai dulce decât berea „<i>lager</i>”, iar datorită fermentației la rece, în timp îndelungat, reziduurile din berea „<i>lager</i>” se depun, rezultând o bere limpede.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Răspândire"><span id="R.C4.83sp.C3.A2ndire"></span>Răspândire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Răspândire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Răspândire"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mijloacele de drojdii sunt asociate predominant cu substraturi bogate în zaharuri: suprafețele fructelor și frunzelor (în cazul în care drojdia se hrănește cu secreții de plante dătătoare de viață), nectar de flori, seva de plante, plante moarte etc. Drojdie este, de asemenea, întîlnită în sol (în special în orizonturile de gunoi și organogeni) și în apele naturale. Drojdia (genele Candida, Pichia, Ambrosiozima) este prezentă constant în intestin și în pasajele de xilofagi (insecte care mănâncă lemne), pe frunzele afectate de afide se dezvoltă comunități bogate de drojdie. Membrii din genul Lypomyces sunt locuitori tipici ai solului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="În_România"><span id=".C3.8En_Rom.C3.A2nia"></span>În România</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: În România" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: În România"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În anul 2003, piața drojdiei pentru panificație s-a ridicat la circa 26 de milioane de euro, cei mai mari furnizori fiind compania turcă <a href="/wiki/Pakmaya" title="Pakmaya">Pakmaya</a> și firma franceză <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesaffre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesaffre — pagină inexistentă">Lesaffre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PR03zf.ro_2014-12-01_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PR03zf.ro_2014-12-01-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PR03zf.ro_2014-12-01-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PR03zf.ro_2014-12-01_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zf.ro/companii/lesaffre-nu-e-loc-pentru-doua-fabrici-de-drojdie-2898551/">Lesaffre: Nu e loc pentru doua fabrici de drojdie</a>, 29 noiembrie 2004, Stelian Negrea, <i>Ziarul financiar</i>, accesat la 1 decembrie 2014</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drojdie&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.descopera.ro/stiinta/10405250-drojdia-de-bere-cea-mai-buna-prietena-a-omului">Drojdia de bere - cea mai bună prietenă a omului?</a>, 21 decembrie 2012, <i>Descoperă</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amosnews.ro/arhiva/reteta-suverana-drojdia-bere-18-04-2009">Reteta suverana: drojdia de bere!</a>, 18 aprilie 2009, ---, <i>Amos News</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amosnews.ro/arhiva/drojdia-bere-remediu-miraculos-11-12-2010">Drojdia de bere – remediu miraculos</a>, 11 decembrie 2010, <i>Amos News</i></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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