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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Late West Saxon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_West_Saxon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Later developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saj%C3%B3n_occidental" title="Sajón occidental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sajón occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxon_occidental" title="Saxon occidental – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saxon occidental" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno_Saxon_Barat" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno Saxon Barat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno Saxon Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="後期ウェストサクソン方言 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="後期ウェストサクソン方言" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestsaksisk" title="Vestsaksisk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vestsaksisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt_zachodniosaski_j%C4%99zyka_staroangielskiego" title="Dialekt zachodniosaski języka staroangielskiego – Polish" 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href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Вессекський діалект давньоанглійської мови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вессекський діалект давньоанглійської мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2658603#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:18.0em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image" style="padding:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Beowulf_cropped.png/150px-Beowulf_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Beowulf_cropped.png/225px-Beowulf_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Beowulf_cropped.png/300px-Beowulf_cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="76" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Old_English" title="Category:Old English">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Dialects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kentish_dialect_(Old_English)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentish dialect (Old English)">Kentish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercian_dialect" title="Mercian dialect">Mercian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbrian_Old_English" title="Northumbrian Old English">Northumbrian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">West Saxon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Use</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_English#Orthography" title="Old English">Orthography</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Runic alphabet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_English_Latin_alphabet" title="Old English Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_grammar" title="Old English grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_phonology" title="Old English phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonological_history_of_Old_English" title="Phonological history of Old English">Phonological history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Old_English_literature" title="Old English literature">Literature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dmon%27s_Hymn" title="Cædmon's Hymn">Cædmon's Hymn</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the English language">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_language#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Development of Old English</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Influences</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittonicisms_in_English" title="Brittonicisms in English">Brittonic</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Legacy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Old_English_topics" title="Template:Old English topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Old_English_topics" title="Template talk:Old English topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Old_English_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Old English topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>West Saxon</b> is the term applied to the two different dialects <b>Early West Saxon</b> and <b>Late West Saxon</b> with West Saxon being one of the four distinct regional <a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Old_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects of Old English">dialects of Old English</a>. The three others were <a href="/wiki/Kentish_dialect_(Old_English)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentish dialect (Old English)">Kentish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercian_dialect" title="Mercian dialect">Mercian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northumbrian_Old_English" title="Northumbrian Old English">Northumbrian</a> (the latter two were similar and are known as the Anglian dialects). West Saxon was the language of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a>, and was the basis for successive widely used literary forms of Old English: the <b>Early West Saxon</b> of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred the Great</a>'s time, and the <b>Late West Saxon</b> of the late 10th and 11th centuries. Due to the Saxons' establishment as a politically dominant force in the Old English period, the West Saxon dialects became the strongest dialects in Old English manuscript writing.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_West_Saxon">Early West Saxon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Saxon_dialect&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early West Saxon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early West Saxon was the language employed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">King Alfred</a> (849–899), used in the many literary translations produced under Alfred's patronage (and some by Alfred himself). It is often referred to as Alfredian Old English, or Alfredian. The language of these texts nonetheless sometimes reflects the influence of other dialects besides that of Wessex. </p><p>List of texts: </p> <ol><li>King Alfred's Preface to Gregory's <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_Care" title="Pastoral Care">Pastoral Care</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Old_English_Orosius" title="Old English Orosius">Old English translation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a>'s <i>Historia adversus paganos</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 173: <a href="/wiki/Parker_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Parker Chronicle">The Parker Chronicle</a> (The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_West_Saxon">Late West Saxon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Saxon_dialect&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Late West Saxon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the time of the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a> in 1066, the language had evolved into Late West Saxon, which had established itself as a written language and replaced the Alfredian language,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the Athewoldian language reform set in train by Bishop <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_of_Winchester" title="Æthelwold of Winchester">Æthelwold of Winchester</a>. The name most associated with that reform is that of Abbot <a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfric_of_Eynsham" title="Ælfric of Eynsham">Ælfric of Eynsham</a>, Ælfric the Grammarian. Despite their similarities, Late West Saxon is not considered by some to be a direct descendant of Early West Saxon.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Late West Saxon was the dialect that became the first standardised written "English" ("Winchester standard"), sometimes referred to as "classical" Old English. This dialect was spoken mostly in the south and west around the important <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>, which was also the capital city of the Saxon kings. However, while other Old English dialects were still spoken in other parts of the country, it seems that all scribes wrote and copied manuscripts in this prestigious written form. Well-known poems recorded in this language include <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Judith_(poem)" title="Judith (poem)">Judith</a></i>. However, both these poems appear to have been written originally in other Old English dialects, but later translated into the standard Late West Saxon literary language when they were copied by scribes. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Wessex_Gospels" title="Wessex Gospels">Wessex Gospels</a> from around 990, the text of <a href="/wiki/Matthew_6" title="Matthew 6">Matthew 6</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%206:9–13&version=nrsv">Matthew 6:9–13</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a>, is as follows: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum,</i></dd> <dd><i>si þin nama gehalgod.</i></dd> <dd><i>To becume þin rice,</i></dd> <dd><i>gewurþe ðin willa,</i></dd> <dd><i>on eorðan swa swa on heofonum.</i></dd> <dd><i>Urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todæg,</i></dd> <dd><i>and forgyf us ure gyltas,</i></dd> <dd><i>swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum.</i></dd> <dd><i>And ne gelæd þu us on costnunge,</i></dd> <dd><i>ac alys us of yfele.</i></dd> <dd><i>Soþlice.</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> List of texts:</dd></dl> <ol><li>Ælfric of Eynsham's <i>Lives of the Saints</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_developments">Later developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Saxon_dialect&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "Winchester standard" gradually fell out of use after the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a> in 1066. Monasteries did not keep the standard going because English <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a> were soon replaced by <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> bishops who brought their own <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> textbooks and scribal conventions, and there was less need to copy or write in Old English<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Latin soon became the dominant language of scholarship and legal documents,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman</a> as the language of the aristocracy, and any standard written English became a distant memory by the mid-twelfth century as the last scribes, trained as boys before the conquest in West Saxon, died as old men. </p><p>The new standard languages that would come into being in the times of <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a> were descended from the <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_English#Origins" title="East Midlands English">East Midlands dialect</a>, which was <a href="/wiki/Anglian_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglian dialects">Anglian</a>, and not from West Saxon. Low Late West Saxon is the distant ancestor of the <a href="/wiki/West_Country_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="West Country dialects">West Country dialects</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Saxon_dialect&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:West_Saxon_Old_English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:West Saxon Old English">Wiktionary's coverage of West Saxon terms</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Early_West_Saxon_Old_English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:Early West Saxon Old English">Wiktionary's coverage of Early West Saxon terms</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Late_West_Saxon_Old_English">Wiktionary's coverage of Late West Saxon terms</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Saxon_dialect&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uni-due.de/SHE/SHE_Old_English.htm">"The dialects of Old English"</a>. <i>www.uni-due.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uni-due.de&rft.atitle=The+dialects+of+Old+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-due.de%2FSHE%2FSHE_Old_English.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Saxon+dialect" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/king-alfred-translation-of-the-pastoral-care">"King Alfred's Translation of the Pastoral Care"</a>. <i>The British Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Library&rft.atitle=King+Alfred%27s+Translation+of+the+Pastoral+Care&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fking-alfred-translation-of-the-pastoral-care&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Saxon+dialect" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/old-english-orosius">"Old English Orosius"</a>. <i>The British Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Library&rft.atitle=Old+English+Orosius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Fold-english-orosius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Saxon+dialect" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanford_University" class="citation web cs1">Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parker.stanford.edu/parker/catalog/wp146tq7625">"Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 173: The Parker Chronicle"</a>. <i>Parker Library On the Web - Spotlight at Stanford</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parker+Library+On+the+Web+-+Spotlight+at+Stanford&rft.atitle=Cambridge%2C+Corpus+Christi+College%2C+MS+173%3A+The+Parker+Chronicle.&rft.au=Stanford+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparker.stanford.edu%2Fparker%2Fcatalog%2Fwp146tq7625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Saxon+dialect" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/SESLL/EngLang/ugrad/OE/Appendix1.html">Old English Plus. "Appendix 1."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070815162900/http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/SESLL/EngLang/ugrad/OE/Appendix1.html">Archived</a> 2007-08-15 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hogg, Richard M. (1992). <i>The Cambridge History of the English Language</i>. Cambridge University Press, p. 117. For more detail see <a href="/wiki/Old_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English dialects">Old English dialects</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Anglo-Saxon Version of the Holy Gospels</i>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thorpe" title="Benjamin Thorpe">Benjamin Thorpe</a>, 1848, p.11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/aelfrics-lives-of-the-saints">"Aelfric's Lives of the Saints"</a>. <i>The British Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Library&rft.atitle=Aelfric%27s+Lives+of+the+Saints&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollection-items%2Faelfrics-lives-of-the-saints&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Saxon+dialect" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/medievaldocuments/languages.aspx">"Languages used in medieval documents"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">University of Nottingham</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Nottingham&rft.atitle=Languages+used+in+medieval+documents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nottingham.ac.uk%2Fmanuscriptsandspecialcollections%2Fresearchguidance%2Fmedievaldocuments%2Flanguages.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Saxon+dialect" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Saxon_dialect&oldid=1240653186">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Saxon_dialect&oldid=1240653186</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_attested_from_the_9th_century" title="Category:Languages attested from the 9th century">Languages attested from the 9th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_extinct_in_the_12th_century" title="Category:Languages extinct in the 12th century">Languages extinct in the 12th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Old_English_dialects" title="Category:Old English dialects">Old English dialects</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Standard_languages" title="Category:Standard languages">Standard languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wessex" title="Category:Wessex">Wessex</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_archiveis_links" title="Category:Webarchive template archiveis links">Webarchive template archiveis links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 August 2024, at 15:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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