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li{display:table-cell;float:none!important;width:10%;padding:0 15px;border-right:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05)}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li:last-child{border-right-width:0}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li.hide-border{border-right-width:0}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li a{border-bottom-width:0;padding:9px 15px;line-height:120%}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu a.mfn-megamenu-title{font-weight:700}.rtl .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li:first-child{border-right-width:0}.rtl .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li:last-child{border-right-width:1px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu{width:980px!important;margin:0}.header-plain:not(.menuo-right) #Header .top_bar_left{width:auto!important}.header-stack.header-center #Top_bar #menu{display:inline-block!important}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu{display:none;height:auto;width:300px;bottom:auto;top:100%;right:1px;position:absolute;margin:0}.header-simple #Header a.responsive-menu-toggle{display:block;right:10px}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu > ul{width:100%;float:left}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li{width:100%;padding-bottom:0;border-right:0;position:relative}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li a{padding:0 20px;margin:0;display:block;height:auto;line-height:normal;border:none}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li a:after{display:none}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li a span{border:none;line-height:44px;display:inline;padding:0}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle{display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:44px;height:44px;line-height:44px;font-size:30px;font-weight:300;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;color:#444;opacity:0.33}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle:after{content:"+"}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.hover > .menu-toggle:after{content:"-"}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.hover a{border-bottom:0}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul.mfn-megamenu li .menu-toggle{display:none}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul{position:relative!important;left:0!important;top:0;padding:0;margin:0!important;width:auto!important;background-image:none}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li{width:100%!important;display:block;padding:0}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a{padding:0 20px 0 30px}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a .menu-arrow{display:none}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a span{padding:0}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a span:after{display:none!important}.header-simple #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu a.mfn-megamenu-title{text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:400}.header-simple #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li > ul{display:block!important;position:inherit;left:auto;top:auto}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li ul{border-left:0!important;padding:0;top:0}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li ul li a{padding:0 20px 0 40px}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu{left:1px;right:auto}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar a.responsive-menu-toggle{left:10px;right:auto}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle{left:0;right:auto}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul{left:auto!important;right:0!important}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a{padding:0 30px 0 20px}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li ul li a{padding:0 40px 0 20px}.menu-highlight #Top_bar .menu > li{margin:0 2px}.menu-highlight:not(.header-creative) #Top_bar .menu > li > a{margin:20px 0;padding:0;-webkit-border-radius:5px;border-radius:5px}.menu-highlight #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{display:none}.menu-highlight #Top_bar .menu > li > a span:not(.description){line-height:50px}.menu-highlight #Top_bar .menu > li > a span.description{display:none}.menu-highlight.header-stack #Top_bar .menu > li > a{margin:10px 0!important}.menu-highlight.header-stack #Top_bar .menu > li > a span:not(.description){line-height:40px}.menu-highlight.header-transparent #Top_bar .menu > li > a{margin:5px 0}.menu-highlight.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li,.menu-highlight.header-creative #Top_bar #menu ul li{margin:0}.menu-highlight.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li > a,.menu-highlight.header-creative #Top_bar #menu ul li > a{-webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0}.menu-highlight:not(.header-fixed):not(.header-simple) #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a{margin:10px 0!important;padding:5px 0!important}.menu-highlight:not(.header-fixed):not(.header-simple) #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a span{line-height:30px!important}.header-modern.menu-highlight.menuo-right .menu_wrapper{margin-right:20px}.menu-line-below #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{top:auto;bottom:-4px}.menu-line-below #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a:after{top:auto;bottom:-4px}.menu-line-below-80 #Top_bar:not(.is-sticky) .menu > li > a:after{height:4px;left:10%;top:50%;margin-top:20px;width:80%}.menu-line-below-80-1 #Top_bar:not(.is-sticky) .menu > li > a:after{height:1px;left:10%;top:50%;margin-top:20px;width:80%}.menu-link-color #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{display:none!important}.menu-arrow-top #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{background:none repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,0)!important;border-color:#ccc transparent transparent;border-style:solid;border-width:7px 7px 0;display:block;height:0;left:50%;margin-left:-7px;top:0!important;width:0}.menu-arrow-top.header-transparent #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after,.menu-arrow-top.header-plain #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{display:none}.menu-arrow-top #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a:after{top:0!important}.menu-arrow-bottom #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{background:none!important;border-color:transparent transparent #ccc;border-style:solid;border-width:0 7px 7px;display:block;height:0;left:50%;margin-left:-7px;top:auto;bottom:0;width:0}.menu-arrow-bottom.header-transparent #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after,.menu-arrow-bottom.header-plain #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{display:none}.menu-arrow-bottom #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a:after{top:auto;bottom:0}.menuo-no-borders #Top_bar .menu > li > a span:not(.description){border-right-width:0}.menuo-no-borders #Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a span{border-bottom-width:0}body.header-creative{padding-left:50px}body.header-creative.header-open{padding-left:250px}body.error404,body.under-construction,body.template-blank{padding-left:0!important}.header-creative.footer-fixed #Footer,.header-creative.footer-sliding #Footer,.header-creative.footer-stick #Footer.is-sticky{box-sizing:border-box;padding-left:50px}.header-open.footer-fixed #Footer,.header-open.footer-sliding #Footer,.header-creative.footer-stick #Footer.is-sticky{padding-left:250px}.header-rtl.header-creative.footer-fixed #Footer,.header-rtl.header-creative.footer-sliding #Footer,.header-rtl.header-creative.footer-stick #Footer.is-sticky{padding-left:0;padding-right:50px}.header-rtl.header-open.footer-fixed #Footer,.header-rtl.header-open.footer-sliding #Footer,.header-rtl.header-creative.footer-stick #Footer.is-sticky{padding-right:250px}#Header_creative{background:#fff;position:fixed;width:250px;height:100%;left:-200px;top:0;z-index:9002;-webkit-box-shadow:2px 0 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.15);box-shadow:2px 0 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.15)}#Header_creative .container{width:100%}#Header_creative .creative-wrapper{opacity:0;margin-right:50px}#Header_creative a.creative-menu-toggle{display:block;width:34px;height:34px;line-height:34px;font-size:22px;text-align:center;position:absolute;top:10px;right:8px;border-radius:3px}.admin-bar #Header_creative a.creative-menu-toggle{top:42px}#Header_creative #Top_bar{position:static;width:100%}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_left{width:100%!important;float:none}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right{width:100%!important;float:none;height:auto;margin-bottom:35px;text-align:center;padding:0 20px;top:0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right:before{display:none}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right_wrapper{top:0}#Header_creative #Top_bar .logo{float:none;text-align:center;margin:15px 0}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu_wrapper{float:none;margin:0 0 30px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li{width:100%;float:none;position:relative}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a{padding:0;text-align:center}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{display:none}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a span{border-right:0;border-bottom-width:1px;line-height:38px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li ul{left:100%;right:auto;top:0;box-shadow:2px 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.03);-webkit-box-shadow:2px 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.03)}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu{width:700px!important}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li > ul{left:0}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li ul li a{padding-top:9px;padding-bottom:8px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li ul li ul{top:0!important}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a span.description{display:block;font-size:13px;line-height:28px!important;clear:both}#Header_creative #Top_bar .search_wrapper{left:100%;top:auto;bottom:0}#Header_creative #Top_bar a#header_cart{display:inline-block;float:none;top:3px}#Header_creative #Top_bar a#search_button{display:inline-block;float:none;top:3px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .wpml-languages{display:inline-block;float:none;top:0}#Header_creative #Top_bar .wpml-languages.enabled:hover a.active{padding-bottom:9px}#Header_creative #Top_bar a.button.action_button{display:inline-block;float:none;top:16px;margin:0}#Header_creative #Top_bar .banner_wrapper{display:block;text-align:center}#Header_creative #Top_bar .banner_wrapper img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:inline-block}#Header_creative #Action_bar{display:none;position:absolute;bottom:0;top:auto;clear:both;padding:0 20px;box-sizing:border-box}#Header_creative #Action_bar .social{float:none;text-align:center;padding:5px 0 15px}#Header_creative #Action_bar .social li{margin-bottom:2px}#Header_creative .social li a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.5)}#Header_creative .social li a:hover{color:#000}#Header_creative .creative-social{position:absolute;bottom:10px;right:0;width:50px}#Header_creative .creative-social li{display:block;float:none;width:100%;text-align:center;margin-bottom:5px}.header-creative .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-prev{margin-left:50px}.header-creative.header-open .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-prev{margin-left:250px}.menuo-last #Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li.last ul{top:auto;bottom:0}.header-open #Header_creative{left:0}.header-open #Header_creative .creative-wrapper{opacity:1;margin:0!important}.header-open #Header_creative .creative-menu-toggle,.header-open #Header_creative .creative-social{display:none}body.header-rtl.header-creative{padding-left:0;padding-right:50px}.header-rtl #Header_creative{left:auto;right:-200px}.header-rtl.nice-scroll #Header_creative{margin-right:10px}.header-rtl #Header_creative .creative-wrapper{margin-left:50px;margin-right:0}.header-rtl #Header_creative a.creative-menu-toggle{left:8px;right:auto}.header-rtl #Header_creative .creative-social{left:0;right:auto}.header-rtl #Footer #back_to_top.sticky{right:125px}.header-rtl #popup_contact{right:70px}.header-rtl #Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li ul{left:auto;right:100%}.header-rtl #Header_creative #Top_bar .search_wrapper{left:auto;right:100%}.header-rtl .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-prev{margin-left:0!important}.header-rtl .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-next{margin-right:50px}body.header-rtl.header-creative.header-open{padding-left:0;padding-right:250px!important}.header-rtl.header-open #Header_creative{left:auto;right:0}.header-rtl.header-open #Footer #back_to_top.sticky{right:325px}.header-rtl.header-open #popup_contact{right:270px}.header-rtl.header-open .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-next{margin-right:250px}#Header_creative.active{left:-1px}.header-rtl #Header_creative.active{left:auto;right:-1px}#Header_creative.active .creative-wrapper{opacity:1;margin:0}.header-creative .vc_row[data-vc-full-width]{padding-left:50px}.header-creative.header-open .vc_row[data-vc-full-width]{padding-left:250px}.header-open .vc_parallax .vc_parallax-inner{left:auto;width:calc(100% - 250px)}.header-open.header-rtl .vc_parallax .vc_parallax-inner{left:0;right:auto}#Header_creative.scroll{height:100%;overflow-y:auto}#Header_creative.scroll:not(.dropdown) .menu li ul{display:none!important}#Header_creative.scroll #Action_bar{position:static}#Header_creative.dropdown{outline:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar .menu_wrapper{float:left}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li{position:relative;float:left}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li a:after{display:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li a span{line-height:38px;padding:0}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle{display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:38px;height:38px;line-height:38px;font-size:26px;font-weight:300;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;color:#444;opacity:0.33}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle:after{content:"+"}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li.hover > .menu-toggle:after{content:"-"}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li.hover a{border-bottom:0}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul.mfn-megamenu li .menu-toggle{display:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul{position:relative!important;left:0!important;top:0;padding:0;margin-left:0!important;width:auto!important;background-image:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li{width:100%!important}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a{padding:0 10px;text-align:center}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a .menu-arrow{display:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a span{padding:0}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a span:after{display:none!important}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu a.mfn-megamenu-title{text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:400}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li > ul{display:block!important;position:inherit;left:auto;top:auto}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li ul{border-left:0!important;padding:0;top:0}#Header_creative{transition:left .5s ease-in-out,right .5s ease-in-out}#Header_creative .creative-wrapper{transition:opacity .5s ease-in-out,margin 0s ease-in-out .5s}#Header_creative.active .creative-wrapper{transition:opacity .5s ease-in-out,margin 0s ease-in-out}}@media only screen and (min-width:1130px){#Top_bar.is-sticky{position:fixed!important;width:100%;left:0;top:-60px;height:60px;z-index:701;background:#fff;opacity:.97;filter:alpha(opacity = 97);-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1);-moz-box-shadow:0 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1);box-shadow:0 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.layout-boxed.header-boxed #Top_bar.is-sticky{max-width:1130px;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%)}.layout-boxed.header-boxed.nice-scroll #Top_bar.is-sticky{margin-left:-5px}#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_left,#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right,#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right:before{background:none}#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right{top:-4px;height:auto}#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right_wrapper{top:15px}.header-plain #Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right_wrapper{top:0}#Top_bar.is-sticky .logo{width:auto;margin:0 30px 0 20px;padding:0}#Top_bar.is-sticky #logo{padding:5px 0!important;height:50px!important;line-height:50px!important}.logo-no-sticky-padding #Top_bar.is-sticky #logo{height:60px!important;line-height:60px!important}#Top_bar.is-sticky #logo img.logo-main{display:none}#Top_bar.is-sticky #logo img.logo-sticky{display:inline;max-height:35px}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu_wrapper{clear:none}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu_wrapper .menu > li > a{padding:15px 0}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a,#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a span{line-height:30px}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a:after{top:auto;bottom:-4px}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a span.description{display:none}#Top_bar.is-sticky .secondary_menu_wrapper,#Top_bar.is-sticky .banner_wrapper{display:none}.header-overlay #Top_bar.is-sticky{display:none}.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky{background:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky #menu{background:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a{color:#fff}.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right a{color:rgba(255,255,255,.5)}.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky .wpml-languages a.active,.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky .wpml-languages ul.wpml-lang-dropdown{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.3);border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px) and (max-width:1130px){.header_placeholder{height:0!important}}@media only screen and (max-width:1129px){#Top_bar #menu{display:none;height:auto;width:100%;bottom:auto;top:100%;right:1px;position:absolute;margin:0}#Top_bar a.responsive-menu-toggle{display:block}#Top_bar #menu > ul{width:100%;float:left}#Top_bar #menu ul li{width:100%;padding-bottom:0;border-right:0;position:relative}#Top_bar #menu ul li a{padding:0 25px;margin:0;display:block;height:auto;line-height:normal;border:none}#Top_bar #menu ul li a:after{display:none}#Top_bar #menu ul li a span{border:none;line-height:44px;display:inline;padding:0}#Top_bar #menu ul li a span.description{margin:0 0 0 5px}#Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle{display:block;position:absolute;right:15px;top:0;width:44px;height:44px;line-height:44px;font-size:30px;font-weight:300;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;color:#444;opacity:0.33}#Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle:after{content:"+"}#Top_bar #menu ul li.hover > 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href="/le220-plus-focused-ultrasonicator-500569"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">LE220-plus</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">High-throughput, 1 to 96 tube capacity</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26916" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26916 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/le220r-plus-focused-ultrasonicator-500578"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">LE220R-plus</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">Robotic version of the LE220-plus</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-30065" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-30065 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.covaris.com/le220rsc-focused-ultrasonicator"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">LE220Rsc</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26917" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26917 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/instruments/on-deck-automation-focused-ultrasonicators"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">On-Deck Automation Focused-ultrasonicators</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26917 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-26918" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26918 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/r230-focused-ultrasonicator"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">R230</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">On-deck, next generation Focused-ultrasonicator</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26919" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26919 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/instruments/cryoprep"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">cryoPREP<sup>®</sup> Extraction Systems</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26919 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-26920" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26920 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/cp01-cryoprep-manual-dry-pulverizer-500230"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">CP01 Manual Pulverizer</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">For Tissues 15 mg to 2 g</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26921" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26921 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/cp02-cryoprep-automated-dry-pulverizer-110v-500001"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">CP02 Automated Dry Pulverizer</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26922" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26922 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/cp03-cryoprep-manual-dry-pulverizer-500049"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">CP03 Manual Pulverizer</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">For Tissues 2 to 5 g</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26923" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26923 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/instruments/sonolab-software"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">SonoLab Software</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26927" class="scroll-menu-top ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26927 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Kits & Reagents</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26927 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-41083" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-41083 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.covaris.com/truprep-protein/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">truPREP® Protein Kits</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-35108" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-35108 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.covaris.com/truxtrac-ffpe-na-auto-96-kits"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">truXTRAC® FFPE SMART Solutions</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26931" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26931 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents/cryoprep-0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">cryoPREP Starter Kits</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">cryoPREP Sample Tubes & Holders</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26933" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26933 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents/nucleic-acids-shearing-kits-and-buffers"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Nucleic Acids Shearing Kits and Buffers</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">truSHEAR, truPOP, DNA Verification Kits</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26929" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26929 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents/truxtrac-ffpe-kits"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Other truXTRAC<sup>®</sup> FFPE Kits</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">FFPE Biomolecule Extraction Kits</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26934" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26934 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents/truxtrac-other"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Other truXTRAC<sup>®</sup> Kits</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">cfDNA, DBS, MALDI-TOF</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26935" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26935 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents/protein-extraction-buffers"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Protein Extraction Buffers</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">Native, Total Protein, & Detergent-free Buffers</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26930" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26930 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/kits-reagents/truchip"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">truChIP<sup>®</sup></span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">Chromatin Shearing Kits</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26936" class="scroll-menu-top ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26936 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/consumables"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Consumables – Tubes and Vials</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26936 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-26938" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26938 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/consumables/afa-tube"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">AFA-TUBE</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">Laser etched polymer vessel for high-throughput workflows</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26939" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26939 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/consumables/microtube"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">microTUBE</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">Small sample volumes, 130 µl or less</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26940" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26940 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/consumables/millitube"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">milliTUBE</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">1 ml or 2 ml sample volume. Good for chromatin shearing</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26942" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26942 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/consumables/other-afa-tubes"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Other AFA-TUBEs</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26943" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26943 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/afa-process-vessels/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">AFA Process Vessels</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">High power, low temperature processing</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26944" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26944 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/consumables/g-tube"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">g-TUBE</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">DNA shearing fragments 6 to 20 kb</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26945" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26945 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/cryoprep-consumables"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">cryoPREP Consumables</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26945 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-26947" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26947 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/cryoprep-consumables/tissuetube"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">tissueTUBE</span><span class="ubermenu-target-divider"> – </span><span class="ubermenu-target-description ubermenu-target-text">Tissue processing devices</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26949" class="scroll-menu-top ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26949 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Accessories</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-26949 ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_item ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top" ><li class="ubermenu-retractor ubermenu-retractor-mobile"><i class="fas fa-times"></i> Close</li><li id="menu-item-26952" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26952 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/automation-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Automation Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-41270" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-41270 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.covaris.com/r230-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">R230 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26953" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26953 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/m220-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">M220 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26954" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26954 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/me220-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">ME220 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-30718" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-30718 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/ml230-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">ML230 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26955" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26955 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/s220-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">S220 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26956" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26956 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/e220-evolution-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">E220<i>evolution</i> Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26957" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26957 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/e220-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">E220 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26958" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26958 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/l-series-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">L-Series Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26959" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26959 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/cp01-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">CP01 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26960" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26960 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/cp02-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">CP02 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26961" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26961 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/cp03-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">CP03 Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26963" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26963 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/water-conditioning-system-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Water Conditioning System Accessories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26964" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-26964 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="/products-services/accessories/other-accessories"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Other Accessories</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-26965" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-26965 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-has-submenu-drop 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!important;}.vc_custom_1583752558029{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}.vc_custom_1583752591003{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}.vc_custom_1587936310683{margin-top: 13px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}.vc_custom_1583752671003{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}.vc_custom_1583752680538{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}.vc_custom_1587936351663{margin-top: 13px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}.vc_custom_1583492989135{padding-right: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;}.vc_custom_1587362847746{margin-bottom: 8px !important;padding-bottom: 8px !important;}</style> <div id="Content" class="cms_mage_page" style="padding: 0px;"> <div class="content_wrapper clearfix"> <div class="sections_group"> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="mainContentOfPage"> <div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid shearing_banner vc_custom_1583475962885 vc_row-has-fill"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1583475591897"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h1 style="color: #ffffff;text-align: center" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1646291016007" >Adaptive Focused Acoustics<sup>®</sup>(AFA<sup>®</sup>) for Pharmaceutical Formulation</h1><h3 style="color: #ffffff;text-align: center" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading" >AFA® powered drug formulation systems can improve a variety of pharmaceutical formulations. From early-stage discovery processing to continuous flow manufacturing with PAT feedback, AFA processing can dramatically shorten processing time, improve reproducibility, and construct formulations that are otherwise not possible.</h3></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid cmspage_menu vc_custom_1583489874470 vc_column-gap-20"><div class="common-pages-left-container PrdMenu clearfix wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3 vc_col-has-fill"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1583479740629"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h4 style="color: #ffffff;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading custom_h4 vc_custom_1583481599852" >Contents</h4> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <ul id="shearing-sidebar"> <li class="active"><a style="cursor: pointer; display: block; text-decoration: none;" href="#overview">Overview</a></li> <li><a style="cursor: pointer; display: block; text-decoration: none;" href="#enable_application">AFA Enabled Applications for Pharmaceutical Formulations and Drug Delivery Systems</a></li> <li class=""><a style="cursor: pointer; display: block; text-decoration: none;" href="#liposome_formation">AFA-Liposome Formation</a></li> <li class=""><a style="cursor: pointer; display: block; text-decoration: none;" href="#nanoparticle_formation">AFA-Nanoparticle® Formation (Polymer based)</a></li> <li class=""><a style="cursor: pointer; display: block; text-decoration: none;" href="#nanoemulsion_formation">AFA-Nanoemulsion Formulation</a></li> <li class=""><a style="cursor: pointer; display: block; text-decoration: none;" href="#featured_product">Featured Products</a></li> <li class=""><a style="cursor: pointer; display: grid; text-decoration: none;" href="#resources">Resources</a></li> <li class=""><a style="cursor: pointer; display: grid; text-decoration: none;" href="#references">References</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1580898106712"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div id="overview" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1583494105376"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h2 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading" >AFA Technology for Pharmaceutical Formulation and Drug Delivery</h2> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583742883381 custom_h5" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h5>Today, the majority (> 80%) of new chemical entities (NCE) discovered by the pharmaceutical industry are poorly soluble or lipophilic compounds; as are about 40% of existing drugs in the market. Consequently, this creates major challenges in drug development due to poor solubility, short biological half life, poor bioavailability, prominent adverse effects, and stability of NCE.</h5> <h5><a href="/afa-technology/">Adaptive Focused Acoustics® (AFA®)</a> provides the ability to process a number of different constructs to help overcome solubility difficulties. Using AFA-based systems, both Liposomes and Emulsions are prepared at low processing temperatures without the use of organic solvents. This allows for the encapsulation of temperature or solvent sensitive APIs such as peptides or proteins, which would otherwise be destroyed or inactivated during the preparatory processing. Thus, API’s previously considered not feasible, can now be considered for development.</h5> </div> </div> <h4 style="color: #015cb8;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1724321442049" ><a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/resources_pdf/M020123.pdf" target="_blank">Download the Formulations Brochure</a></h4><div class="wpb_vc_table wpb_content_element instrument-table instrument-table"><table class="vc-table-plugin-theme-classic"><tr class="vc-th"><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">FEATURE</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">BENEFIT</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Isothermal</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Eliminates molecular thermal damage by maintaining isothermal sample temperatures during the process</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Scalable</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Scales from bench-top screens through clinical studies (microliters to 1,000+ liters)<br/> Compatible with Quality By Design and Process Analytical Technology</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Non-contact</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Enables sterile, closed, single-use fluid circuits which eliminate carryover Enables disposable wetted surfaces which minimizes impurities</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Reproducible</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Standardizes the process application of industry-proven AFA® technology Automated process by minimizing subjective operator influence</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Rapid</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Improves processing performance (from 2 days to 2 minutes);<br/>increases solubility and stability</span></td></tr></table></div></div></div></div></div><div id="enable_application" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1586369923136"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h2 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1586370156814" >AFA Enabled Applications for Pharmaceutical Formulations and Drug Delivery Systems</h2><h4 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading" >Micronization</h4> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1729771852665 custom_h5" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h5>Reducing a suspensions particle size with micronization can help mitigate these effects. AFA can be used for particle size in a controlled manner to make uniform suspensions with low micron or nano-scale particle sizes.</h5> <p><a class="image-popup-no-margins" href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Ibuprofin-micronization.png"><br /> <img class="alignnone" src="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Ibuprofin-micronization.jpg" alt="Micronization process - reducing suspension particle sizes for uniform suspensions" width="700" height="474" /><br /> </a></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1583494112039"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h4 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1587135616848" >Nanosuspension</h4> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1729772011908 custom_h5" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h5>Nanosuspensions have emerged as an effective strategy for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs because of the unique versatility and advantages in formulation. AFA can be used to create nanosuspensions through the complete life cycle from discovery through first human trials. By enabling closed vessel, contamination free wet milling in a scalable manner, early-stage compounds can be dosed and evaluated, without extensive Formulation development, with a very minimal amount of material. Subsequent trials can be completed with the same technology through the preparation of larger volumes of nanosuspension sample material.</h5> <h5>The Covaris Focused Ultrasonicator has successfully demonstrated the ability to mill small volumes of early stage material into nanosuspensions suitable for animal dosing. Volumes as low as 100ul are possible with 100% recovery of the material.</h5> <p> </p> <p><a class="image-popup-no-margins" href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Wet-Milling.jpg"><img class="alignnone" src="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Wet-Milling.jpg" alt="Nanoparticle formation using AFA technology for biocompatible drug delivery systems" width="700" height="251" /></a></p> <p style="text-align: center;">SEM before and after wet milling</p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1583922328478"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1583922340581"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h4 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1587135635394" >Crystallization</h4> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1729772061559 instrument_bullet_list" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h5 class="custom_h5">AFA can be used to control nucleation and crystal distribution. Other benefits of AFA technology for crystallization include:</h5> <ul class="sidebar_list"> <li>Control API “bottom up” nucleation and crystal growth in a batch vessel or continuous process stream</li> <li>Control particle size by influencing growth dynamics</li> <li>Accelerate kinetic energy reactions with extreme mixing velocities in isothermal conditions with a non-contact process</li> <li>Integrate PAT for automated, real time feedback, and Quality Control</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><a class="image-popup-no-margins" href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Formualations-Crystallization.jpg"><img class="alignnone" src="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Formualations-Crystallization.jpg" alt="Ibuprofen with AFA produces 700 nm particles while untreated samples are large, uneven clumps" width="700" height="655" /></a></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Ibuprofen with AFA produces 700 nm particles while untreated samples are large, uneven clumps.</p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div id="liposome_formation" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1586369237758"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h2 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1583922294313" >AFA-Liposome Formation</h2> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588066513610 custom_h5" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h5>Liposomes are being used to deliver a number of different active pharmaceuticals for both small and large molecule API. Traditional liposome preparation methods include detergent depletion, ethanol injection, reverse-phase evaporation and emulsification. Processing methods include high-pressure homogenization, extrusion, and conventional ultrasound. The major disadvantages of these preparation methods include the consumption of large volumes of volatile organic solvents, multiple lengthy steps and degradation of the sample, and subsequent loss of bioactivity, due to heat exposure.</h5> <h5><a href="/afa-technology/">Adaptive Focused Acoustics® (AFA®) technology</a> offers a breakthrough alternative to traditional methods, by forming monodisperse liposomes at 4°C (below the lipid phase transition temperature) and eliminating the need to use organic solvents.</h5> <h5>Fully scalable from 100µL to continuous flow manufacturing, AFA-Liposome formation is possible across a range of lipids and formulations, including the addition of cholesterol and other difficult to load materials. Active ingredients can be loaded into the AFA-liposome at the time of formation, allowing a very simple and effective, one step formulation within a matter of minutes, without the risk of cross contamination or the need to cleanup.</h5> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_vc_table wpb_content_element instrument-table instrument-table"><table class="vc-table-plugin-theme-classic"><tr class="vc-th"><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">FEATURE</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">BENEFIT</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Co-solvent free</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">No need to dissolve lipids or hydrophobic compounds in a co-solvent. All the materials can be included in the aqueous buffer, and then formulated.</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Low-Temperature Formulation</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Liposomes can be formed at 4°C, irrespective of the lipid phase transition temperature.</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Delicate Compounds</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Energy levels can be pre-set to enable formulation of delicate macromolecules such as siRNA and proteins.</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Short Processing Time</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">One-step formulation using an automated apparatus.</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">No Cross Contamination</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Liposomes are produced in single-use autoclavable vessels.</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Automated Size Control (under development)</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Real-time monitoring and feedback control of particle size.</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Scalable</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Capable of scaling from 100 µL to continuous flow manufacturing.</span></td></tr></table></div></div></div></div></div><div id="nanoparticle_formation" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1586369971666"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h2 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1591193803505" >AFA-NANOPARTICLE® Formation (Polymer based)</h2> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1583922563668 custom_h5" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h5>Nanoparticles have been shown to be effective Drug Delivery Systems because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Nanoparticles act as potential carries for several classes of drugs such as anticancer agents, antihypertensive agents, immunomodulators, and hormones; and macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, and antibodies.</h5> <h5>AFA can be used in the emulsification steps of PLGA nanoparticle formation, to achieve monodisperse particle size distributions as small as 80nm. Additionally, the intense yet highly controllable mechanical energy of AFA allows the use of mild solvents, such as triacetin, in AFA-Nanoparticle formation. Combined with inherent low temperature processing, AFA-Nanoparticles are formed using temperature and solvent sensitive materials that would degrade with traditional processing methods.</h5> <h5>As presented at CRS 2013 annual meeting in Honolulu: “Contact-free Encapsulation of Proteins in PLGA Nanoparticles by Focused Ultrasound” Schiller, et al.</h5> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div id="nanoemulsion_formation" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid mobile_padding vc_custom_1586370724160"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h2 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1583922551343" >AFA-Nanoemulsion Formulation</h2> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1586369530549 custom_h5" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h5>Nanoemulsions have become an important delivery system for the controlled delivery of pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals, and for the optimized dispersion of active ingredients in skin layers, as well as ocular delivery of active molecules.</h5> <h5>AFA allows the construction of tightly distributed nanoemulsions achieving average mean particle sizes as low as 20nm. Volumes ranging from 100µL through continuous flow processing are possible, and all processing is done in a closed, sterile vessel at a controlled temperature. Tight temperature control enables the encapsulation of sensitive biological molecules such as peptides and proteins, without degrading bioactivity due to heating that alternative methods require.</h5> <h5>Particle size and distribution can be controlled automatically via the acoustic processing parameters, to maintain a high quality output product.</h5> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_vc_table wpb_content_element instrument-table instrument-table"><table class="vc-table-plugin-theme-classic"><tr class="vc-th"><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Technology</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">AFA</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Microfluidizer</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Self Assembling</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Sonication</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Heat</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Below room temp (<20°C)</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">50-100°C</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">60-100°C</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Based on time of exposure and power of sonication</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Labor/Skill</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Low</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">High</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">High</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">High</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Wastage</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Low</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">High</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Medium</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Medium</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">End product</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Homogenous</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Homogenous</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Homogenous</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Pressure</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">High 24000-28000 psi</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Based on the time/power of procedure</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Closed Vial Process</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">YES</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Cross contamination / Contamination</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">YES</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">YES</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">YES</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Isothermal Processing</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">YES</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Precise Energy Control</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">YES</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Non Contact processing</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">YES</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Heat damage to sample</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">YES</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">YES</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">YES</span></td></tr><tr><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">Repeatable without error</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">YES</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td><td class="vc_table_cell"><span class="vc_table_content">NO</span></td></tr></table></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="featured_product" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid cmspage_menu vc_custom_1586369709451"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div 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vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1593638443635" >E220 Focused-ultrasonicator</h4><h6 style="color: #020202;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading" >Versatile, high power system engineered for pre-analytical sample processing of 1 to 96 samples.</h6><div class="vc_btn3-container vc_btn3-inline vc_custom_1593638611088 vc_do_btn" ><a style="background-color:#ededed; color:#015cb8;" class="vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-rounded vc_btn3-style-custom vc_btn3-icon-right" href="/e220-focused-ultrasonicator-500239" title="">READ MORE <i class="vc_btn3-icon fas fa-arrow-left"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid instrument_lev_1 vc_custom_1583494563486 vc_row-o-equal-height vc_row-flex"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1588934124753" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><img 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Custom developed.</h6><div class="vc_btn3-container vc_btn3-inline vc_custom_1588934781684 vc_do_btn" ><a style="background-color:#ededed; color:#015cb8;" class="vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-rounded vc_btn3-style-custom vc_btn3-icon-right" href="https://www.covaris.com/contact-us/" title="Contact Us">CONTACT US <i class="vc_btn3-icon fas fa-arrow-left"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid instrument_lev_1 vc_custom_1583922648037 vc_row-o-equal-height vc_row-flex"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1594021998161" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-15927" src="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/E220evolution.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="137" /></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h4 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1587644123490" >E220evolution Focused-ultrasonicator</h4><h6 style="color: #020202;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading" >High power, 1 to 8 sample batch processing instrument powered by AFA.</h6><div class="vc_btn3-container vc_btn3-inline vc_custom_1587645252341 vc_do_btn" ><a style="background-color:#ededed; color:#015cb8;" class="vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-rounded vc_btn3-style-custom vc_btn3-icon-right" href="/e220evolution-focused-ultrasonicator-500429" title="">READ MORE <i class="vc_btn3-icon fas fa-arrow-left"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="resources" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid cmspage_menu category_resources vc_custom_1586369757041"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1583492989135"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h2 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1579697651435" >Resources</h2><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1583492996693 vc_row-o-equal-height vc_row-flex"><div class="sidebar_resources wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h5 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading custom_h5 vc_custom_1583752558029" >AFA-Liposome and AFA-Nanoemulsions Protocols</h5><h6 style="color: #020202;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading custom_h5 vc_custom_1583752591003" >Protocols for AFA liposome preparation at 4°C and construction of tightly distributed nanoemulsions.</h6><div class="vc_btn3-container vc_btn3-inline vc_custom_1587936310683 vc_do_btn" ><a style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#015cb8;" class="vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-rounded vc_btn3-style-custom" href="/protocols?filter_tag=AFA-Liposome%20and%20AFA-nanoemulsions%20Protocols" title="">LEARN MORE</a></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar_resources wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h5 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading custom_h5 vc_custom_1583752671003" >Crystallization Protocols</h5><h6 style="color: #020202;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading custom_h5 vc_custom_1583752680538" >Protocols for using AFA to control nucleation and crystal distribution.</h6><div class="vc_btn3-container vc_btn3-inline vc_custom_1587936351663 vc_do_btn" ><a style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#015cb8;" class="vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-rounded vc_btn3-style-custom" href="/protocols?filter_tag=Crystallization%20Protocols" title="">LEARN MORE</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="references" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid cmspage_menu category_resources vc_custom_1587362866008"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-3"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-9"><div class="vc_column-inner vc_custom_1583492989135"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><h2 style="color: #2d3e51;text-align: left" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading vc_custom_1587362847746" >References</h2> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h4><strong>Micronization</strong></h4> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Nano-Suspension-Formulations-DDD-June-2011.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Nano-suspension Formulations- Adaptive Focused Acoustics for the Formulation of Suspensions & Nano-Suspensions</a><br /> Authors: Srikanth Kakumanu, PhD, and Hames Bernhard. Published in Drug Development & Delivery | July/ August 2011 Vol 11 No6</li> <li><a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Technical_evaluation_of_Adaptative_Focused_Acoustic_by_Covaris_DAD-support.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Technical Evaluation of Adaptive Focused Acoustics – Formulation solubility screening using AFA</a></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h4><strong>Nanosuspension</strong></h4> <ol> <li>Poster Presentation GRC Preclinical Form and Formulation for Drug Discovery 2019: <a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Poster.-A-DOE-Approach-for-Nanosuspension-Preparation-for-Poor-Solubility-Pharmaceutical-Compounds.-2019-Biogen.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A DOE Approach for Nanosuspension Preparation for Poor Solubility Pharmaceutical Compounds Authors: Fenmei Zheng, Brian Michaels, and Yinqing Lin</a></li> <li>Poster Presentation AAPS 2012 <a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/AAPS-2012_poster-2-final-2.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Solidification of Nanosuspension via Spray Granulation.</a><br /> Authors: Yidan Lan, Srikanth Kakumanu, Carl Beckett, and Nigel Langley<br /> Demonstrated the feasibility of combining AFA technology (to produce nanosuspension by Tops down milling) and spray granulation.</li> <li><a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Nano-Suspension-Formulations-DDD-June-20111.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Nano-suspension Formulations- Adaptive Focused Acoustics for the Formulation of Suspensions & Nano-Suspensions</a><br /> Authors: Srikanth Kakumanu, PhD, and Hames Bernhard<br /> Published in Drug Development & Delivery | July/ August 2011 Vol 11 No6</li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h4><strong>Crystallization</strong></h4> <ol> <li>Poster: Duarte et. al., AAPS 2017. <a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/AAPS-2017_Poster.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Bottom-up particle engineering technologies: benchmarking of co-precipitation processes for solubility enhancement and taste masking</a></li> <li>Poster: Kakumanu. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321105925_T1103_-_Covaris_Adaptive_Focused_Acoustics_TM_AFA_a_Novel_Technology_to_Control_Nucleation_and_Crystal_Growth_in_a_Mixed_Suspension_Mixed_Product_Removal_MSMPR_Crystallizer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">AAPS 2017. Covaris Adaptive Focused Acoustics TM (AFA), a Novel Technology to Control Nucleation and Crystal Growth in a Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal (MSMPR) Crystallizer</a></li> <li>Presentation: 2017, Carl Beckett, VP Business Development, Covaris. <a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Nucleation-and-particle-count-control-using-Adaptive-Focused-Acoustics-Mettler.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Utilizing Adaptive Focused Acoustics (AFA) Technology to Control Nucleation and Crystal Distribution During API Crystallization</a></li> <li>Poster Abstract: Beckett et.al., AIChE Annual Meeting 2015.<a href="https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2015/webprogram/Paper429782.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Continuous nanoparticle production using focused acoustics</a></li> <li>Poster: He et al., Flow Chemistry Congress 2013. <a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/cvFCSposter5.23FNL-crystallization-ADD.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Controlling Crystallization with Adaptive Focused Acoustics</a></li> <li>Master’s Degree Thesis: Alexandra Franzén, Department of Chemistry, Lund University (2011). <a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Crystal-Nucleation-of-Poorly-Soluble-Drugs.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Crystal Nucleation of Poorly Soluble Drugs: Experimental Results and New Knowledge</a></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h4><strong>Liposomes</strong></h4> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/LO-RES-DDD-June-2012-Covaris.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Focused Ultrasound - A Novel Tool for Liposome Formulation (2012)</a><br /> Authors: Srikanth Kakumanu, PhD, and Avi Schroeder, PhD<br /> Published in Drug Development & Delivery</li> <li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=21740027" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Making unilamellar liposomes using focused ultrasound.</a> Tejera-Garcia et al. 2011. Langmuir 27:10088-97.</li> <li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=PMC3177064" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Oxidized phosphatidylcholines facilitate phospholipid flip-flop in liposomes.</a> Volinsky et al. 2011. Biophysical Journal 101:1376-84.</li> <li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405886/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Peptide-mediated targeting of liposomes to TrkB receptor-expressing cells.</a> Ranjan et al. 2012. International Journal of Nanomedicine 7: 3475–85.</li> <li><a href="http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ejnm.2009.2.2/ejnm.2009.2.2.7/ejnm.2009.2.2.7.xml" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Internalization of liposome nanoparticles functionalized with TrkB ligand in rat cochlear cell populations. Zou et al. 2008.</a> European Journal of Nanomedicine 2:7–13.</li> <li><a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Techincal-article-June-2013.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Freeze Fracture Electron Microscopic Examination of Liposomes Produced by Covaris AFA Technology. Kakumanu and Jain 2013.</a> Drug Delivery Technology 13:46-50.</li> <li><a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/la402426y" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sensitivity of nanostructure in charged cubosomes to phase changes triggered by ionic species in solution</a>. Liu et al. 2013. Langmuir 29:14265-73.</li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h4><strong>Nanoparticle Formulation</strong></h4> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Schiller_CRS2013_Poster_small-Merck-for-CRS2013.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Contact-free Encapsulation of Proteins in PLGA Nanoparticles by Focused Ultrasound</a>. Schiller, Hanefeld, Schneider, Weigandt, Lehr. 40th Annual Meeting and Exposition of the Controlled Release Society, July 21-24, 2013, Honolulu, Hawaii</li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h4><strong>Nanoemulsion Formation</strong></h4> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Schiller_CRS2013_Poster_small-Merck-for-CRS2013.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Contact-free Encapsulation of Proteins in PLGA Nanoparticles by Focused Ultrasound.</a> Schiller, Hanefeld, Schneider, Weigandt, Lehr. 40th Annual Meeting and Exposition of the Controlled Release Society, July 21-24, 2013, Honolulu, Hawaii</li> <li><a href="https://www.covaris.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/cvCRSabstractPoster5.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A simple, scalable, isothermal process for nanoemulsion formation.</a> Kakumanu, Schmitt, He, Beckett, Laugharn. 40th Annual Meeting and Exposition of the Controlled Release Society, July 21-24, 2013, Honolulu, Hawaii</li> </ol> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </address></address> <style> .mp-redirect-yes.mpstoreswitcher-select a { color: #757575; text-decoration: none; } .mp-redirect-yes.mpstoreswitcher-select a:hover { color: #FFFFFF; } @media screen and (max-width: 768px) { .mp-redirect-yes.mpstoreswitcher-select { margin-top: 5px; } } </style> </div></div></main><div class="page-bottom"><div class="content"><div class="widget block block-static-block"> <p><script> (function(d,b,a,s,e){ var t = b.createElement(a), fs = b.getElementsByTagName(a)[0]; t.async=1; t.id=e; t.src=s; fs.parentNode.insertBefore(t, fs); }) (window,document,'script','https://tag.demandbase.com/4f14a8c59acde313.min.js','demandbase_js_lib'); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> piAId = '420802'; piCId = '161336'; piHostname = 'pi.pardot.com'; (function() { function async_load(){ var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 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