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Trompa (arquitectura) - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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Disponible en 31 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromp_(boukunde)" title="Tromp (boukunde) - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tromp (boukunde)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B5" title="حنية مقرنص - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حنية مقرنص" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromp" title="Tromp - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tromp" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Тромп - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тромп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A" title="স্কুইঞ্চ - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্কুইঞ্চ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa" title="Trompa - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Trompa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompe" title="Trompe - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Trompe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompe" title="Trompe - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trompe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squinch" title="Squinch - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Squinch" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpo" title="Trumpo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Trumpo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa_(arquitectura)" title="Trompa (arquitectura) - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trompa (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurgatromp" title="Nurgatromp - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nurgatromp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tronpa_(arkitektura)" title="Tronpa (arkitektura) - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tronpa (arkitektura)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AC" title="سکنج - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سکنج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompe_(architecture)" title="Trompe (architecture) - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Trompe (architecture)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa_(arquitectura)" title="Trompa (arquitectura) - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Trompa (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA" title="קשת זווית - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קשת זווית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F" title="बगली डाट - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बगली डाट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa" title="Trompa - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trompa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BA" title="Տրոմպ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տրոմպ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromba_(architettura)" title="Tromba (architettura) - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tromba (architettura)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E9%9A%85%E8%BF%AB%E6%8C%81" title="入隅迫持 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="入隅迫持" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromp_(architectuur)" title="Tromp (architectuur) - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tromp (architectuur)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa" title="Trompa - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Trompa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa_de_%C3%A2ngulo" title="Trompa de ângulo - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trompa de ângulo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Тромп (архитектура) - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тромп (архитектура)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa" title="Trompa - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trompa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa" title="Trompa - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trompa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa_(gra%C4%91evinarstvo)" title="Trompa (građevinarstvo) - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Trompa (građevinarstvo)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromp" title="Tromp - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tromp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Тромп - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тромп" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1431515#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trompa_(arquitectura)" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Esquema_Trompa.png/330px-Esquema_Trompa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Esquema_Trompa.png/440px-Esquema_Trompa.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>Trompa</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>trompa</b>, en arquitectura, és un element estructural de sustentació que permet transformar, de baix a dalt, una planta <a href="/wiki/Quadrat_(geometria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrat (geometria)">quadrada</a> en una <a href="/wiki/Oct%C3%B2gon" class="mw-redirect" title="Octògon">octogonal</a>. És utilitzada per aguantar <a href="/wiki/Cimbori" title="Cimbori">cimboris</a> i <a href="/wiki/C%C3%BApula" title="Cúpula">cúpules</a>, ja que aquestes es farien sobre la planta octogonal. Sembla una volta semi-cònica amb el vèrtex a l'angle entre dos murs i la part ampla cap a fora. </p><p>Amb freqüència se sol confondre la trompa amb la <a href="/wiki/Petxina_(arquitectura)" title="Petxina (arquitectura)">petxina</a>, ja que són dos elements que tenen una funcionalitat molt semblant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construcció"><span id="Construcci.C3.B3"></span>Construcció</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trompa_(arquitectura)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Construcció"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Formaci%C3%B3_Trompa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Formaci%C3%B3_Trompa.png/220px-Formaci%C3%B3_Trompa.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Formaci%C3%B3_Trompa.png/330px-Formaci%C3%B3_Trompa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Formaci%C3%B3_Trompa.png/440px-Formaci%C3%B3_Trompa.png 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Sistema de pas d'una planta quadrada a una octogonal</figcaption></figure> <p>Com es pot veure en el dibuix, si volem passar d'una planta quadrada IJKL a una octogonal ABCDEFGH, sobre la planta quadrada hauríem d'unir, entre d'altres, els vèrtexs HA i això es podria fer, per exemple, amb un arc de mig punt en HA i unint aquest arc amb el vèrtex I amb una volta volada, la <b>trompa</b>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Odzun_cupola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Odzun_cupola.jpg/220px-Odzun_cupola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Odzun_cupola.jpg/330px-Odzun_cupola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Odzun_cupola.jpg/440px-Odzun_cupola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2786" data-file-height="1857" /></a><figcaption>Trompes suportant una cúpula en la basílica d'Odzun, Armenia</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trompa_(arquitectura)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Es va fer servir per primera vegada en l'<a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_isl%C3%A0mica" title="Arquitectura islàmica">arquitectura islàmica</a>, probablement a l'Iran. 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Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://loslugarestienenmemoria.blogspot.com.es/2012/03/sobre-pechinas-y-trompas-elementos.html">original</a> el 23 de juny 2013.&#32;[Consulta: 27 juliol 2013].</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlc.iec.cat/index.html">Institut d'estudis catalans</a> Diccionari de la llengua catalana</li></ul> <p><span style="display: none;" class="interProject"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/trompa" class="extiw" title="wikt:trompa">Viccionari</a></span> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57b7bf8ff9‐qwgnb Cached time: 20241113145238 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.096 seconds Real time usage: 0.437 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 291/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4045/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1305/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 904/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.037/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1136472/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 174.475 1 -total 65.30% 113.934 1 Plantilla:Commonscat 60.82% 106.108 1 Plantilla:Sister 59.52% 103.839 1 Plantilla:Caixa_lateral 23.40% 40.829 1 Plantilla:Ref-web 20.19% 35.233 1 Plantilla:Títol_sense_cua 8.94% 15.598 1 Plantilla:Viccionari-lateral 3.13% 5.466 1 Plantilla:Commonscat/categories 2.16% 3.772 1 Plantilla:- 2.01% 3.510 1 Plantilla:Data_consulta --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key cawiki:pcache:idhash:471618-0!canonical and timestamp 20241113145238 and revision id 29693716. 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