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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4351811]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4351811").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4351811").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64106437" data-work_id="64106437" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64106437/Laboratory_Evaluation_of_Ethanolic_and_Methanolic_Extracts_of_Ocimum_Gratissimum_Against_Larva_of_Anopheles_Gambiae_and_Non_Target_Organisms">Laboratory Evaluation of Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Ocimum Gratissimum Against Larva of Anopheles Gambiae and Non-Target Organisms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaves were evaluated for larvicidal activity against larva of Anopheles gambiae and non target organisms in the laboratory. Photochemical analysis of leaf showed presence of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64106437" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaves were evaluated for larvicidal activity against larva of Anopheles gambiae and non target organisms in the laboratory. Photochemical analysis of leaf showed presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoid, cyanogenic glycosides, cardiac glycosides and saponin. The organisms were exposed to different test concentrations ranging from 20mg/ml to 100mg/ml for 96hours. Larvae of A. gambiae were susceptible to the extracts. Ethanolic extracts of the leaf was more active with LC50 and LC90 of 60.9mg/ml and 464.4 mg/ml respectively while the LC50 and LC90 of methanolic extracts of leaf were 73.6mg/ml and 1021mg/ml respectively. The extracts exhibited insect growth regulating activity and were found to be safe to non target organisms. Results showed that larvicidal effect of the methanolic extract can be compared to that of neem leaf extracts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64106437" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dbfe37d19e74ede432d7cee606972d3d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76293647,"asset_id":64106437,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76293647/download_file?st=MTczMjc2NTY1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5312156" href="https://futo-ng.academia.edu/NkechiOnyedineke">Nkechi Onyedineke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5312156" type="text/json">{"id":5312156,"first_name":"Nkechi","last_name":"Onyedineke","domain_name":"futo-ng","page_name":"NkechiOnyedineke","display_name":"Nkechi Onyedineke","profile_url":"https://futo-ng.academia.edu/NkechiOnyedineke","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5312156/2334515/2722615/s65_nkechi.onyedineke.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64106437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64106437"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64106437, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64106437", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64106437]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64106437").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64106437").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64106437"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64106437]'), work: {"id":64106437,"title":"Laboratory Evaluation of Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Ocimum Gratissimum Against Larva of Anopheles Gambiae and Non-Target Organisms","created_at":"2021-12-14T09:11:22.880-08:00","owner_id":5312156,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/64106437/Laboratory_Evaluation_of_Ethanolic_and_Methanolic_Extracts_of_Ocimum_Gratissimum_Against_Larva_of_Anopheles_Gambiae_and_Non_Target_Organisms","slug":"Laboratory_Evaluation_of_Ethanolic_and_Methanolic_Extracts_of_Ocimum_Gratissimum_Against_Larva_of_Anopheles_Gambiae_and_Non_Target_Organisms","dom_id":"work_64106437","summary":"Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaves were evaluated for larvicidal activity against larva of Anopheles gambiae and non target organisms in the laboratory. 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u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="104330186"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1700" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1700" type="text/json">{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" 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Paradisiaca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musa_Paradisiaca"},{"id":2595851,"name":"Trichophyton","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trichophyton"},{"id":2595854,"name":"Epidermophyton floccosum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidermophyton_floccosum"},{"id":3690743,"name":"Microsporum canis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microsporum_canis"}],"publication_year":2012,"publication_year_with_fallback":2012,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":1,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_86356715" data-work_id="86356715" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86356715/Efficiency_of_a_modified_plastic_tank_as_a_bio_degradation_system_in_Sub_Saharan_African_countries">Efficiency of a modified plastic tank as a bio-degradation system in Sub-Saharan African countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The efficiency of three modified plastic digesters (3.6 m3 each) using food waste for biogas generation in cooking food was evaluated. The experiment was laid out based on a completely randomised design. A plastic tank was modified as a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_86356715" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The efficiency of three modified plastic digesters (3.6 m3 each) using food waste for biogas generation in cooking food was evaluated. The experiment was laid out based on a completely randomised design. A plastic tank was modified as a biodegradation system for food waste digestion to generate a biogas. The biochemical and chemical oxygen demand ranged from 44.58 to 49.62% and 130.42 to 139.20%, respectively, before digestion, but decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) after digestion. The pH of the fermenting slurry fluctuated (6.24–6.86) and an average biogas of 0.574 m3 (505–601 L·day–1) per day was generated from the three experimental waste proportions which would be sufficient to cook three meals per day for 3 to 4 people. The methane gas significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) while the carbon-dioxide significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) at the peak of the biogas production. The generated biogas significantly cooked (P &lt; 0.05) faster than kerosene, but not faster than lique...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/86356715" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0c75d3815916923c3c9023972d58e668" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":90824623,"asset_id":86356715,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90824623/download_file?st=MTczMjc2NTY1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="112571905" href="https://futo-ng.academia.edu/STANLEYNWANKWO">STANLEY NWANKWO</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="112571905" type="text/json">{"id":112571905,"first_name":"STANLEY","last_name":"NWANKWO","domain_name":"futo-ng","page_name":"STANLEYNWANKWO","display_name":"STANLEY NWANKWO","profile_url":"https://futo-ng.academia.edu/STANLEYNWANKWO","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/112571905/90861590/79619540/s65_stanley.nwankwo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_86356715 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="86356715"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 86356715, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_86356715", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_86356715 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86356715; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_86356715"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_86356715 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="86356715"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86356715; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86356715]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_86356715").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_86356715").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_107853290" data-work_id="107853290" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107853290/Modification_of_plastic_tank_for_bio_digestion_of_food_wastes_for_biogas_generation_for_cooking_foods">Modification of plastic tank for bio-digestion of food wastes for biogas generation for cooking foods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The anaerobic states of the modified bio-digester and potentials of the generated biogas in cooking foods were evaluated. The study adopted experimental design. Data generated were analyzed using one - way analysis of variance and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_107853290" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The anaerobic states of the modified bio-digester and potentials of the generated biogas in cooking foods were evaluated. The study adopted experimental design. Data generated were analyzed using one - way analysis of variance and independent t-test. Carbon, free fatty acid, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand decreased significantly (p 0.05) effect on the proximate and sensory characteristics of foods when compared with the foods cooked with liquefied natural gas and kerosene. Key words: Bio-degradation, food waste, cowdung, microorganisms, yam peel.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/107853290" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e33556ddee1c5a8b0934ef5698a1f28" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":106400801,"asset_id":107853290,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106400801/download_file?st=MTczMjc2NTY1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="112571905" href="https://futo-ng.academia.edu/STANLEYNWANKWO">STANLEY NWANKWO</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="112571905" type="text/json">{"id":112571905,"first_name":"STANLEY","last_name":"NWANKWO","domain_name":"futo-ng","page_name":"STANLEYNWANKWO","display_name":"STANLEY NWANKWO","profile_url":"https://futo-ng.academia.edu/STANLEYNWANKWO","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/112571905/90861590/79619540/s65_stanley.nwankwo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_107853290 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="107853290"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 107853290, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_107853290", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107853290]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_107853290").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_107853290").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="107853290"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1040" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Science">Food Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1040" type="text/json">{"id":1040,"name":"Food Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Science","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15784" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas">Biogas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15784" type="text/json">{"id":15784,"name":"Biogas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59113" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anaerobic_Digestion">Anaerobic Digestion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="59113" type="text/json">{"id":59113,"name":"Anaerobic Digestion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anaerobic_Digestion","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=107853290]'), work: {"id":107853290,"title":"Modification of plastic tank for bio-digestion of food wastes for biogas generation for cooking foods","created_at":"2023-10-09T03:35:34.807-07:00","owner_id":112571905,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/107853290/Modification_of_plastic_tank_for_bio_digestion_of_food_wastes_for_biogas_generation_for_cooking_foods","slug":"Modification_of_plastic_tank_for_bio_digestion_of_food_wastes_for_biogas_generation_for_cooking_foods","dom_id":"work_107853290","summary":"The anaerobic states of the modified bio-digester and potentials of the generated biogas in cooking foods were evaluated. The study adopted experimental design. Data generated were analyzed using one - way analysis of variance and independent t-test. Carbon, free fatty acid, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand decreased significantly (p 0.05) effect on the proximate and sensory characteristics of foods when compared with the foods cooked with liquefied natural gas and kerosene. 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NWANKWO","profile_url":"https://futo-ng.academia.edu/STANLEYNWANKWO","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/112571905/90861590/79619540/s65_stanley.nwankwo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry","nofollow":false},{"id":1040,"name":"Food Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Science","nofollow":false},{"id":15784,"name":"Biogas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas","nofollow":false},{"id":59113,"name":"Anaerobic Digestion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anaerobic_Digestion","nofollow":false},{"id":61981,"name":"Food Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Waste"},{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences"},{"id":1195733,"name":"Cow Dung","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cow_Dung"},{"id":1539137,"name":"Kerosene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kerosene"}],"publication_year":2020,"publication_year_with_fallback":2020,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":2,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3680297" data-work_id="3680297" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3680297/Determination_of_Reduced_Glutathione_and_Glutathione_S_transferase_of_Poultry_Birds_Exposed_to_Permethrin_Insecticide">Determination of Reduced Glutathione and Glutathione S-transferase of Poultry Birds Exposed to Permethrin Insecticide</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x 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href="https://www.academia.edu/51000835/Assessment_of_Proximate_Phytochemical_and_Selected_Mineral_Content_of_Acanthus_montanus_Leaf">Assessment of Proximate, Phytochemical and Selected Mineral Content of Acanthus montanus Leaf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anders belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is one of the most threatened and underutilized species of vegetables in Africa. However the leaves of this plant are part of a consortium infusion (agabada nkwu)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51000835" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anders belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is one of the most threatened and underutilized species of vegetables in Africa. However the leaves of this plant are part of a consortium infusion (agabada nkwu) given to post-natal mothers within and around Mbaise in Imo State, South Eastern Nigeria, to ensure health and vitality of both nursing mother and child. The proximate, phytochemical and selected mineral contents of the Acanthus montanus leaf were investigated to ascertain the various components. The fresh plant sample was obtained from Ife, Ezinihitte Mbaise Local Government Area of Imo state, Nigeria. The sample was air-dried at room temperature for 72 hours prior to the various analyses, which were done using standard methods. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed 1.60 % flavonoids, 6.67 % tannins, 5.60 % alkaloids, 6.45 % saponins, 0.26 % phytate, 5.41% oxalate, 0.49 % phenol and 0.019 % Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN). The percentage proximate...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51000835" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4744b9b340ea24fe611fb017f47fd02d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68872770,"asset_id":51000835,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68872770/download_file?st=MTczMjc2NTY1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14768617" href="https://futo-ng.academia.edu/ToochukwuOgbulie">Toochukwu Ogbulie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14768617" type="text/json">{"id":14768617,"first_name":"Toochukwu","last_name":"Ogbulie","domain_name":"futo-ng","page_name":"ToochukwuOgbulie","display_name":"Toochukwu Ogbulie","profile_url":"https://futo-ng.academia.edu/ToochukwuOgbulie","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14768617/4026335/20079973/s65_toochukwu.ogbulie.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51000835 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51000835"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51000835, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51000835", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_51000835 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51000835; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_51000835"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_51000835 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51000835"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51000835; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51000835]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51000835").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51000835").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64311088" data-work_id="64311088" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64311088/COMPARATIVE_ASSESSMENT_OF_BIOLOAD_OF_HEALTHY_AND_DISEASED_Oreochromis_niloticus_AS_MEANS_OF_FOOD_SECURITY">COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOAD OF HEALTHY AND DISEASED Oreochromis niloticus AS MEANS OF FOOD SECURITY</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Thirty-one (31) samples each of diseased and healthy Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from Otamiri River, in Nekede, Owerri West; Imo State Nigeria was examined to detect the presence of bacterial and helminth fauna. The intestine,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64311088" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Thirty-one (31) samples each of diseased and healthy Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from Otamiri River, in Nekede, Owerri West; Imo State Nigeria was examined to detect the presence of bacterial and helminth fauna. The intestine, liver, gill, tissue and skin of the fish were examined. Bacteriological analysis revealed counts of healthy diseased organs to fall between 6.0 x 10 4 - 3.5 x 10 7 cfu/g and 5.7 x 10 6 - 1.9 x 10 11 cfu/g respectively. The result however indicated that the bacterial load of the diseased fish samples were higher than those of the apparently healthy fish. Identification tests of the probable bacterial isolates revealed the isolation of Vibrio sp, Renibacterium sp, Aeromonas sp, Klebsiella sp, Yersinia sp, Pseudomonas sp, Nocardia sp, Lactobacillus sp, Sporocytophaga, Staphylococcus sp, Mycobacterium sp, Serratia sp Proteus sp and Edwardsiella sp. Twenty-nine (29 ie 46.8%) of the 62 samples studied were found to be infected by helminth fauna identified a...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64311088" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ecdff7950106b0212772ab9bec2fcdf8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76403543,"asset_id":64311088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76403543/download_file?st=MTczMjc2NTY1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14768617" href="https://futo-ng.academia.edu/ToochukwuOgbulie">Toochukwu Ogbulie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14768617" type="text/json">{"id":14768617,"first_name":"Toochukwu","last_name":"Ogbulie","domain_name":"futo-ng","page_name":"ToochukwuOgbulie","display_name":"Toochukwu Ogbulie","profile_url":"https://futo-ng.academia.edu/ToochukwuOgbulie","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14768617/4026335/20079973/s65_toochukwu.ogbulie.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64311088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64311088"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64311088, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64311088", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64311088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64311088; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64311088"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64311088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64311088"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64311088; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64311088]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64311088").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64311088").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64311088"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21318" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21318" type="text/json">{"id":21318,"name":"Nigeria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigeria","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="493957" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organs">Organs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="493957" type="text/json">{"id":493957,"name":"Organs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organs","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Load">Bacterial Load</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="547547" type="text/json">{"id":547547,"name":"Bacterial Load","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Load","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64311088]'), work: {"id":64311088,"title":"COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOAD OF HEALTHY AND DISEASED Oreochromis niloticus AS MEANS OF FOOD SECURITY","created_at":"2021-12-15T07:45:48.003-08:00","owner_id":14768617,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/64311088/COMPARATIVE_ASSESSMENT_OF_BIOLOAD_OF_HEALTHY_AND_DISEASED_Oreochromis_niloticus_AS_MEANS_OF_FOOD_SECURITY","slug":"COMPARATIVE_ASSESSMENT_OF_BIOLOAD_OF_HEALTHY_AND_DISEASED_Oreochromis_niloticus_AS_MEANS_OF_FOOD_SECURITY","dom_id":"work_64311088","summary":"Thirty-one (31) samples each of diseased and healthy Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from Otamiri River, in Nekede, Owerri West; Imo State Nigeria was examined to detect the presence of bacterial and helminth fauna. The intestine, liver, gill, tissue and skin of the fish were examined. Bacteriological analysis revealed counts of healthy diseased organs to fall between 6.0 x 10 4 - 3.5 x 10 7 cfu/g and 5.7 x 10 6 - 1.9 x 10 11 cfu/g respectively. The result however indicated that the bacterial load of the diseased fish samples were higher than those of the apparently healthy fish. Identification tests of the probable bacterial isolates revealed the isolation of Vibrio sp, Renibacterium sp, Aeromonas sp, Klebsiella sp, Yersinia sp, Pseudomonas sp, Nocardia sp, Lactobacillus sp, Sporocytophaga, Staphylococcus sp, Mycobacterium sp, Serratia sp Proteus sp and Edwardsiella sp. Twenty-nine (29 ie 46.8%) of the 62 samples studied were found to be infected by helminth fauna identified a...","publication":null,"publication_with_fallback":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76403543,"asset_id":64311088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76403543/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76403543/25766113-libre.pdf?1639661112=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCOMPARATIVE_ASSESSMENT_OF_BIOLOAD_OF_HEA.pdf\u0026Expires=1732717327\u0026Signature=Em07ni8Ugit~nIZNj-rdnmSzYEG29VNHZO6e1eDhJT~fnHt~SkehW8x8tIWMWzqXN6~8hc30nyrlE6mKGUlwmW5cTsrIpSVRxdGC4iZU7a3cNOSVSWfk5cUTEOQRDNh0WaZucGbBV6Vl99swJ5IpFFUuTNewlFhGFDZWHoLbUPP8NicX~s45FpqIxElWyXJwaplllZKfwsHi8C5PBAOvDanlZ5axSNrJLqh23SL4JDbySVFZqzF9O1T9F0c1nxXlNEDmAnTBrLh81qA~W2Exm7RTxqj1DvxHaC8eY3p0xwRXvhc3NdflmR48pvAUJuz-3N4oalcMRn8fvZYeBgTH2g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76403543/download_file?st=MTczMjc2NTY1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/76403543/mini_magick20211215-11105-1wremvr.png?1639583191"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":76403543,"asset_id":64311088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76403543/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76403543/25766113-libre.pdf?1639661112=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCOMPARATIVE_ASSESSMENT_OF_BIOLOAD_OF_HEA.pdf\u0026Expires=1732717327\u0026Signature=Em07ni8Ugit~nIZNj-rdnmSzYEG29VNHZO6e1eDhJT~fnHt~SkehW8x8tIWMWzqXN6~8hc30nyrlE6mKGUlwmW5cTsrIpSVRxdGC4iZU7a3cNOSVSWfk5cUTEOQRDNh0WaZucGbBV6Vl99swJ5IpFFUuTNewlFhGFDZWHoLbUPP8NicX~s45FpqIxElWyXJwaplllZKfwsHi8C5PBAOvDanlZ5axSNrJLqh23SL4JDbySVFZqzF9O1T9F0c1nxXlNEDmAnTBrLh81qA~W2Exm7RTxqj1DvxHaC8eY3p0xwRXvhc3NdflmR48pvAUJuz-3N4oalcMRn8fvZYeBgTH2g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76403543/download_file?st=MTczMjc2NTY1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/76403543/mini_magick20211215-11105-1wremvr.png?1639583191"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":5,"ordered_authors":[{"id":14768617,"first_name":"Toochukwu","last_name":"Ogbulie","domain_name":"futo-ng","page_name":"ToochukwuOgbulie","display_name":"Toochukwu Ogbulie","profile_url":"https://futo-ng.academia.edu/ToochukwuOgbulie","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14768617/4026335/20079973/s65_toochukwu.ogbulie.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21318,"name":"Nigeria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigeria","nofollow":false},{"id":493957,"name":"Organs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organs","nofollow":false},{"id":547547,"name":"Bacterial Load","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Load","nofollow":false}],"publication_year":2011,"publication_year_with_fallback":2011,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":3,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70492497" data-work_id="70492497" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70492497/Plasmid_Profilling_and_Similarities_in_Identities_of_Probable_Microbes_Isolated_from_Crude_Oil_Contaminated_Agricultural_Soil">Plasmid Profilling and Similarities in Identities of Probable Microbes Isolated from Crude Oil Contaminated Agricultural Soil</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract. Plasmid analysis of bacteria isolated from agricultural soil experimentally contaminated with crude oil was carried out and the resultant bands&apos; depicting the different molecular sizes of the plasmid DNA molecules per... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70492497" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract. Plasmid analysis of bacteria isolated from agricultural soil experimentally contaminated with crude oil was carried out and the resultant bands&apos; depicting the different molecular sizes of the plasmid DNA molecules per isolate was obtained. There was no visible band observed for Klebsiella indicating that the organism lack plasmid DNA that confers degradative ability to it, possibly the gene could be borne on the chromosomal DNA which enabled its persistence in the polluted soil. Molecular characterization was undertaken to confirm the identities of the possible microorganisms that may be present in crude oilcontaminated soil. The result of the DNA extracted and amplified in a PCR using EcoRI and EcoRV restriction enzymes for cutting the DNA of the bacterial cells indicated no visible band for cuts made with EcoRV restriction enzyme showing that the enzyme is not specific for bacterial DNA of isolates in the samples, hence there was no amplification. By contrast though...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70492497" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8cd4d25110f0673bf4aa3189e19fa1c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80224351,"asset_id":70492497,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80224351/download_file?st=MTczMjc2NTY1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14768617" href="https://futo-ng.academia.edu/ToochukwuOgbulie">Toochukwu Ogbulie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14768617" type="text/json">{"id":14768617,"first_name":"Toochukwu","last_name":"Ogbulie","domain_name":"futo-ng","page_name":"ToochukwuOgbulie","display_name":"Toochukwu Ogbulie","profile_url":"https://futo-ng.academia.edu/ToochukwuOgbulie","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14768617/4026335/20079973/s65_toochukwu.ogbulie.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70492497 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70492497"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70492497, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70492497", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70492497 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70492497; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70492497"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70492497 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70492497"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70492497; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70492497]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70492497").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70492497").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70492504" data-work_id="70492504" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70492504/Pattern_of_multi_drug_resistant_Salmonella_enterica_serovar_typhi_isolates_in_Nigeria">Pattern of multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates in Nigeria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Typhoid fever continues to remain a health problem as the causative organism, Salmonella enterica serovar typhi, has developed resistance to many antibiotics used. This study was undertaken to determine the current pattern of resistance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70492504" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Typhoid fever continues to remain a health problem as the causative organism, Salmonella enterica serovar typhi, has developed resistance to many antibiotics used. This study was undertaken to determine the current pattern of resistance to antimicrobial agents by S. enterica serovar typhi isolates from Akaraugo Hospital in Owerri, Imo state. Sensitivity to most common antimicrobial agents used in the management of typhoid fever was determined by disc diffusion according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory (NCCL) standards. There was an increase in the number of isolates with decreased sensitivity to nalixidic acid and cotrimoxazole. All isolates had complete resistance to augmentin, tetracycline and amoxicillin commonly used for treatment of typhoid fever. Therefore physicians should be advised to conduct effective susceptibility test before prescribing an antibiotics to a patient. 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class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34094868/Fatty_Acid_Composition_Of_Two_Nigerian_Masticatories_Cum_Traditional_Snacks_African_Walnut_Plukenetia_Conophora_Kernel_And_African_Elemi_Canarium_Schweinfurthii_Pulp">Fatty Acid Composition Of Two Nigerian Masticatories Cum Traditional Snacks: African Walnut (Plukenetia Conophora) Kernel And African Elemi (Canarium Schweinfurthii) Pulp</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fatty acid composition of plant food (oil) is important for its economic and nutritional value. Assessment of fatty acid contents of two Nigerian masticatories cum traditional snacks: African walnut kernel (AW) and African elemi pulp (AE)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34094868" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fatty acid composition of plant food (oil) is important for its economic and nutritional value. Assessment of fatty acid contents of two Nigerian masticatories cum traditional snacks: African walnut kernel (AW) and African elemi pulp (AE) were carried out. Samples were subjected to graded wet heat contact time based on their traditional methods of processing and their oil extract evaluated for fatty acid (FA) contents using chromatographic method. The processing methods had no statistically significant effect on both the oil and FA contents of the samples. Both samples contain nutritionally relevant levels of fat ranging respectively from 49.8±1.08 to 52.8±2.70g/100g sample and 41.93±6.03 to 42.8±4.61g/100g sample in AW and AE. A total of six fatty acids including two essential ones namely omega-6 (C18:2) and omega-3 (C18:3), were identified and quantified in the two plant foods. The predominant FAs in the plant foods were oleic acid (16.12±1.86 - 17.11±1.31g/100g fat), linoleic acid (16.88±1.66 - 18.80±1.52g/100g fat) and linolenic acid (55.95±5.68 - 57.08±6.57g/100g fat) in AW and palmitic acid (48.59±4.35 - 50.51±3.29g/100g fat), oleic acid (32.02±3.27 - 35.74±1.46g/100g fat) and linoleic acid (15.15±3.57 - 15.40±3.82g/100g fat) in AE. The study shows that on the average, one serving of AW could supply about 41.52% and 647.09% of the Recommended Daily Intakes (RDIs) for the essential FAs Linoleic and Linolenic acids respectively, while that of AE will supply about 29.13% of the RDI for Lineleic acid. Based on their essential FAs contents the plant foods apparently have potentials for applications as nutraceuticals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34094868" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ae5d4d177ce39d1d32e00b49e9d6a0a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54027310,"asset_id":34094868,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54027310/download_file?st=MTczMjc2NTY1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4612571" href="https://unn-ng.academia.edu/NwejeAnyalowuPaulC">Nweje-Anyalowu, Paul C.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4612571" type="text/json">{"id":4612571,"first_name":"Nweje-Anyalowu,","last_name":"Paul C.","domain_name":"unn-ng","page_name":"NwejeAnyalowuPaulC","display_name":"Nweje-Anyalowu, Paul C.","profile_url":"https://unn-ng.academia.edu/NwejeAnyalowuPaulC","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4612571/1926094/36594097/s65_nweje-anyalowu_.paul_c..jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-34094868">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-34094868"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://futo-ng.academia.edu/anyalogbuernest">anyalogbu ernest</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-34094868'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-34094868').html(); 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Assessment of fatty acid contents of two Nigerian masticatories cum traditional snacks: African walnut kernel (AW) and African elemi pulp (AE) were carried out. Samples were subjected to graded wet heat contact time based on their traditional methods of processing and their oil extract evaluated for fatty acid (FA) contents using chromatographic method. The processing methods had no statistically significant effect on both the oil and FA contents of the samples. Both samples contain nutritionally relevant levels of fat ranging respectively from 49.8±1.08 to 52.8±2.70g/100g sample and 41.93±6.03 to 42.8±4.61g/100g sample in AW and AE. A total of six fatty acids including two essential ones namely omega-6 (C18:2) and omega-3 (C18:3), were identified and quantified in the two plant foods. The predominant FAs in the plant foods were oleic acid (16.12±1.86 - 17.11±1.31g/100g fat), linoleic acid (16.88±1.66 - 18.80±1.52g/100g fat) and linolenic acid (55.95±5.68 - 57.08±6.57g/100g fat) in AW and palmitic acid (48.59±4.35 - 50.51±3.29g/100g fat), oleic acid (32.02±3.27 - 35.74±1.46g/100g fat) and linoleic acid (15.15±3.57 - 15.40±3.82g/100g fat) in AE. The study shows that on the average, one serving of AW could supply about 41.52% and 647.09% of the Recommended Daily Intakes (RDIs) for the essential FAs Linoleic and Linolenic acids respectively, while that of AE will supply about 29.13% of the RDI for Lineleic acid. Based on their essential FAs contents the plant foods apparently have potentials for applications as nutraceuticals.","publication":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC \u0026 TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH","publication_with_fallback":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC \u0026 TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54027310,"asset_id":34094868,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54027310/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54027310/Anyalogbu_et_al-libre.pdf?1501570898=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFatty_Acid_Composition_Of_Two_Nigerian_M.pdf\u0026Expires=1732717327\u0026Signature=NpFyJMTMhbH8yYbwfDwWlhg4~YrtIKkNitYh3dGPM~wpPNbhBNDaNrw1gCB5VilJrYx5rUUPgATbWlPq-h9Ma54OwSSwgqdPzKyA3l5xnDUibW3kg~AdP4Stg7lZ7my1VBLsmF5bbLE7pNe52tixjncWsmTTpRl1lCdPfG7WdL5aVCYkve0M-TtSkamz7sO6586DgRFSv5yJbOQkKMXqXi8vFEgwcqCavcC1Dtm4OZlQg7iE92on7eiqcmIx9oLcDDEp8vc90lh9nBDljQWAAaOfLO8xXqsN0jREA8LLkscLipGZfshiHcXNvDGHIFEEqBig6NDpw5TosAnKq-2l2Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54027310/download_file?st=MTczMjc2NTY1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/54027310/mini_magick20190118-1233-1j35oe0.png?1547850459"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":54027310,"asset_id":34094868,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54027310/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54027310/Anyalogbu_et_al-libre.pdf?1501570898=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFatty_Acid_Composition_Of_Two_Nigerian_M.pdf\u0026Expires=1732717327\u0026Signature=NpFyJMTMhbH8yYbwfDwWlhg4~YrtIKkNitYh3dGPM~wpPNbhBNDaNrw1gCB5VilJrYx5rUUPgATbWlPq-h9Ma54OwSSwgqdPzKyA3l5xnDUibW3kg~AdP4Stg7lZ7my1VBLsmF5bbLE7pNe52tixjncWsmTTpRl1lCdPfG7WdL5aVCYkve0M-TtSkamz7sO6586DgRFSv5yJbOQkKMXqXi8vFEgwcqCavcC1Dtm4OZlQg7iE92on7eiqcmIx9oLcDDEp8vc90lh9nBDljQWAAaOfLO8xXqsN0jREA8LLkscLipGZfshiHcXNvDGHIFEEqBig6NDpw5TosAnKq-2l2Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54027310/download_file?st=MTczMjc2NTY1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/54027310/mini_magick20190118-1233-1j35oe0.png?1547850459"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":8,"ordered_authors":[{"id":4612571,"first_name":"Nweje-Anyalowu,","last_name":"Paul C.","domain_name":"unn-ng","page_name":"NwejeAnyalowuPaulC","display_name":"Nweje-Anyalowu, Paul C.","profile_url":"https://unn-ng.academia.edu/NwejeAnyalowuPaulC","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4612571/1926094/36594097/s65_nweje-anyalowu_.paul_c..jpg"},{"id":35119510,"first_name":"anyalogbu","last_name":"ernest","domain_name":"futo-ng","page_name":"anyalogbuernest","display_name":"anyalogbu ernest","profile_url":"https://futo-ng.academia.edu/anyalogbuernest","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2302,"name":"Nutraceuticals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutraceuticals","nofollow":false},{"id":51369,"name":"Functional Foods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Foods","nofollow":false},{"id":707495,"name":"Fatty Acid Compositions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatty_Acid_Compositions","nofollow":false},{"id":1688973,"name":"Linoleic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linoleic_Acid","nofollow":false}],"publication_year":2017,"publication_year_with_fallback":2017,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":103,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23488094" data-work_id="23488094" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23488094/Haematological_Indicators_of_Exposure_to_Petroleum_Products_in_Petroleum_Refining_and_Distribution_Industry_Workers_in_Nigeria">Haematological Indicators of Exposure to Petroleum Products in Petroleum Refining and Distribution Industry Workers in Nigeria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: Exposures to hazardous conditions in industrial environments often results in sundry health effects among workers. The study investigated haematological effects of occupational activities in the petroleum refining and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23488094" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: Exposures to hazardous conditions in industrial environments often results in sundry health effects among workers. The study investigated haematological effects of occupational activities in the petroleum refining and distribution industry in Nigeria. Methodology: Adopting routine laboratory methods, haematological indices were investigated in whole blood from randomly selected workers of Port Harcourt Refining Company (PHRC) and Pipelines and Petroleum Product Marketing Company (PPMC) both in Alesa-Eleme near Port Harcourt, Nigeria, as well as non-oil work civil servants serving as control subjects. Results: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) ranged 1-100 (Mean:10.94 ± 11.82 mm/hr) in oil workers against 1-36 (Mean:6.6 ± 7.81 mm/hr) in non-oil workers (P<0.05); haemoglobin (Hb): 7.60-21.10 (13.19 ± 1.31 g/dL) versus 9.10-14.90 (13.01 ± 1.54 g/dL) (P>0.05); Parked Cell Volume (PCV): 25.00-58.00 (43.31 ± 4.09%) vs.30-49 (42.70 ± 5.01%) (P>0.05); Platelets: 75.00 × 10 9-430.00 × 10 9 (232.41 ± 63.18 × 10 9 /L) vs. 141.00 × 10 9-382.00 × 10 9 (239.23 ± 57.30 × 10 9 /L) (P>0.05); White Blood Cell (WBC):3.20 × 10 9-86.00 × 10 9 (7.07 ± 6.61 × 10 9 /L) vs. 4.9 × 10 9-11.00 × 109 (7.36 ± 1.64 × 10 9 /L) (P>0.05). For the WBC differentials, the values were: lymphocytes: 18.00 × 10 9-75.00 × 10 9 (52.28 ± 9.25 × 10 9 /L) vs. 25.00 ×10 9-57.00 × 10 9 (41.60 ± 10.16 × 10 9 /L) (P<0.01); and granulocytes: 25.00 × 10 9-82.00 × 10 9 (47.72 ± 9.24 × 10 9 /L) vs. 43 × 10 9-75 × 10 9 (58.40 ± 10.16 × 10 9 /L (P<0.01). Conclusion: Although mean values were still within parametric reference ranges, some variations were observed in the oil workers when compared to the controls: while granulocytes consistently decreased significantly (P<0.01), consistent significant increases in lymphocytes (P<0.01) and ESR (P<0.05) were observed, indicating a possibility of functional aberration following haematopoietic toxicity in the oil workers. Findings suggest petroleum refining and distribution industrial environments as being furnished with potentially haematotoxic substances, and haematopoietic toxicity as part of potential health effects of exposures in this industry in Nigeria. Though gender classification showed no appreciable impact, age grouping suggests that the health effects indicated by the observed variations are likely to rear up from age 40 yr. Changes observed for exposure groupings and statistically significant correlations between age, exposure (service) period and most of the parameters suggest that both age and exposure period have strong impacts in defining the patterns of variations observed in the haematological indices among the oil workers. Findings indicate a need for frequent environmental and biological monitoring for a safer and healthier workplace and workforce respectively.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23488094" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96d7fca88e7088e3482435d52389cbec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43924393,"asset_id":23488094,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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