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Cobley</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Andrew Cobley"> <meta name="keywords" content="Andrew Cobley"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Andrew Cobley"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 266</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Andrew Cobley</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">266</span> The Effect of Mixing and Degassing Conditions on the Properties of Epoxy/Anhydride Resin System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latha%20Krishnan">Latha Krishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Cobley"> Andrew Cobley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epoxy resin is most widely used as matrices for composites of aerospace, automotive and electronic applications due to its outstanding mechanical properties. These properties are chiefly predetermined by the chemical structure of the prepolymer and type of hardener but can also be varied by the processing conditions such as prepolymer and hardener mixing, degassing and curing conditions. In this research, the effect of degassing on the curing behaviour and the void occurrence is experimentally evaluated for epoxy /anhydride resin system. The epoxy prepolymer was mixed with an anhydride hardener and accelerator in an appropriate quantity. In order to investigate the effect of degassing on the curing behaviour and void content of the resin, the uncured resin samples were prepared using three different methods: 1) no degassing 2) degassing on prepolymer and 3) degassing on mixed solution of prepolymer and hardener with an accelerator. The uncured resins were tested in differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to observe the changes in curing behaviour of the above three resin samples by analysing factors such as gel temperature, peak cure temperature and heat of reaction/heat flow in curing. Additionally, the completely cured samples were tested in DSC to identify the changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg) between the three samples. In order to evaluate the effect of degassing on the void content and morphology changes in the cured epoxy resin, the fractured surfaces of cured epoxy resin were examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, the changes in the mechanical properties of the cured resin were studied by three-point bending test. It was found that degassing at different stages of resin mixing had significant effects on properties such as glass transition temperature, the void content and void size of the epoxy/anhydride resin system. For example, degassing (vacuum applied on the mixed resin) has shown higher glass transition temperature (Tg) with lower void content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anhydride%20epoxy" title="anhydride epoxy">anhydride epoxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curing%20behaviour" title=" curing behaviour"> curing behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degassing" title=" degassing"> degassing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=void%20occurrence" title=" void occurrence"> void occurrence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50452/the-effect-of-mixing-and-degassing-conditions-on-the-properties-of-epoxyanhydride-resin-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">265</span> Influence of Degassing on the Curing Behaviour and Void Occurrence Properties of Epoxy / Anhydride Resin System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latha%20Krishnan">Latha Krishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Cobley"> Andrew Cobley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epoxy resin is most widely used as matrices for composites of aerospace, automotive and electronic applications due to its outstanding mechanical properties. These properties are chiefly predetermined by the chemical structure of the prepolymer and type of hardener but can also be varied by the processing conditions such as prepolymer and hardener mixing, degassing and curing conditions. In this research, the effect of degassing on the curing behaviour and the void occurrence is experimentally evaluated for epoxy /anhydride resin system. The epoxy prepolymer was mixed with an anhydride hardener and accelerator in an appropriate quantity. In order to investigate the effect of degassing on the curing behaviour and void content of the resin, the uncured resin samples were prepared using three different methods: 1) no degassing 2) degassing on prepolymer and 3) degassing on mixed solution of prepolymer and hardener with an accelerator. The uncured resins were tested in differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to observe the changes in curing behaviour of the above three resin samples by analysing factors such as gel temperature, peak cure temperature and heat of reaction/heat flow in curing. Additionally, the completely cured samples were tested in DSC to identify the changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg) between the three samples. In order to evaluate the effect of degassing on the void content and morphology changes in the cured epoxy resin, the fractured surfaces of cured epoxy resin were examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the amount of void, void geometry and void fraction were also investigated using an optical microscope and image J software (image analysis software). It was found that degassing at different stages of resin mixing had significant effects on properties such as glass transition temperature, the void content and void size of the epoxy/anhydride resin system. For example, degassing (vacuum applied on the mixed resin) has shown higher glass transition temperature (Tg) with lower void content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anhydride%20epoxy" title="anhydride epoxy">anhydride epoxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curing%20behaviour" title=" curing behaviour"> curing behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degassing" title=" degassing"> degassing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=void%20occurrence" title=" void occurrence"> void occurrence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40069/influence-of-degassing-on-the-curing-behaviour-and-void-occurrence-properties-of-epoxy-anhydride-resin-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">264</span> Metallograpy of Remelted A356 Aluminium following Squeeze Casting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azad%20Hussain">Azad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Cobley"> Andrew Cobley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The demand for lightweight parts with high mechanical strength(s) and integrity, in sectors such as the aerospace and automotive is ever increasing, motivated by the need for weight reduction in order to increase fuel efficiency with components usually manufactured using a high grade primary metal or alloy. For components manufactured using the squeeze casting process, this alloy is usually A356 aluminium (Al), it is one of the most versatile Al alloys; and is used extensively in castings for demanding environments. The A356 castings provide good strength to weight ratio making it an attractive option for components where strength has to be maintained, with the added advantage of weight reduction. In addition, the versatility in castabilitiy, weldability and corrosion resistance are other attributes that provide for the A356 cast alloy to be used in a large array of industrial applications. Conversely, it is rare to use remelted Al in these cases, due the nature of the applications of components in demanding environments, were material properties must be defined to meet certain specifications for example a known strength or ductility. However the use of remelted Al, especially primary grade Al such as A356, would offer significant cost and energy savings for manufacturers using primary alloys, provided that remelted aluminium can offer similar benefits in terms of material microstructure and mechanical properties. This study presents the results of the material microstructure and properties of 100% primary A356 Al and 100% remelt Al cast, manufactured via the direct squeeze cast method. The microstructures of the castings made from remelted A356 Al were then compared with the microstructures of primary A356 Al. The outcome of using remelting Al on the microstructure was examined via different analytical techniques, optical microscopy of polished and etched surfaces, and scanning electron microscopy. Microstructural analysis of the 100% remelted Al when compared with primary Al show similar α-Al phase, primary Al dendrites, particles and eutectic constituents. Mechanical testing of cast samples will elucidate further information as to the suitability of utilising 100% remelt for casting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A356" title="A356">A356</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remelt" title=" remelt"> remelt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squeeze%20casting" title=" squeeze casting"> squeeze casting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40101/metallograpy-of-remelted-a356-aluminium-following-squeeze-casting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">263</span> Indigenous Influences on American Osteopathy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lewis%20Mehl-Madrona">Lewis Mehl-Madrona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josephine%20Conte"> Josephine Conte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbara%20Mainguy"> Barbara Mainguy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We explore the historical connection of Andrew Taylor Still with the aboriginal nations placed in Missouri, notably the Shawnee, Pawnee, Kickapoo, Cherokee, and the Pottowattomy. Still was fluent in Shawnee and himself was part Native American (Lumbee). These nations had well-developed forms of hands-on healing as well as practicing lightning bone setting. They were more sophisticated than their European-derived neighbors in treating fractures and discolocations. We trace Still’s writings as evidence for his connectedness with these people and respect for their traditions. We explore the traditional hands-on therapies of these nations and discover that they are quite similar to osteopathy. We propose that Still was a translator of traditional manual medicine of the nations into the mainstream of American society. While, surely, he made his own personal contributions to manual medicine, he did not invent osteopathy de novo but relied on methods that were well-developed across centuries for his inspiration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20healing" title="indigenous healing">indigenous healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20bodywork" title=" indigenous bodywork"> indigenous bodywork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=American%20osteopathy" title=" American osteopathy"> American osteopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Taylor%20Still" title=" Andrew Taylor Still"> Andrew Taylor Still</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherokee" title=" Cherokee"> Cherokee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shawnee" title=" Shawnee"> Shawnee</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134446/indigenous-influences-on-american-osteopathy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">262</span> An Evaluation of the MathMates Program Implemented in Andrew Hamilton Public School as Part of College-Community Initiatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haofei%20Li">Haofei Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To support academic growth and foster love of learning, MathMates has been introduced for grade 6-8 students at Andrew Hamilton public school in 2022. The program is targeted at students from diverse backgrounds, particularly those underperforming in Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) exams. Then, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of MathMates by comparing student performance on the PSSA test, before and after the intervention. Through a randomized control trial, the study will collect associated costs using the ingredients method and measure the effectiveness for cost-effectiveness analysis. Text messages will be sent to parents/guardians as a reminder of the program and to encourage student participation. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights for funding organizations seeking to understand the impact and costs of math tutoring interventions on student academic achievement, which also emphasizes the importance of the collaborative efforts between higher education and local public schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%20education" title="mathematics education">mathematics education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%20tutoring" title=" mathematics tutoring"> mathematics tutoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college-community%20initiative" title=" college-community initiative"> college-community initiative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20schools" title=" middle schools"> middle schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philadelphia%20public%20schools" title=" Philadelphia public schools"> Philadelphia public schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=after-school%20program" title=" after-school program"> after-school program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSSA" title=" PSSA"> PSSA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166163/an-evaluation-of-the-mathmates-program-implemented-in-andrew-hamilton-public-school-as-part-of-college-community-initiatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">261</span> Anti-proliferative Activity and HER2 Receptor Expression Analysis of MCF-7 (Breast Cancer Cell) Cells by Plant Extract Coleus Barbatus (Andrew)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anupalli%20Roja%20Rani">Anupalli Roja Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavithra%20Dasari"> Pavithra Dasari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Among several, breast cancer has emerged as the most common female cancer in developing countries. It is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide among women. It is a molecularly and clinically heterogeneous disease. Moreover, it is a hormone–dependent tumor in which estrogens can regulate the growth of breast cells by binding with estrogen receptors (ERs). Moreover, the use of natural products in cancer therapeutics is due to their properties of biocompatibility and less toxicity. Plants are the vast reservoirs for various bioactive compounds. Coleus barbatus (Lamiaceae) contains anticancer properties against several cancer cell lines. Method: In the present study, an attempt is being made to enrich the knowledge of the anticancer activity of pure compounds extracted from Coleus barbatus (Andrew). On human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7. Here in, we are assessing the antiproliferative activity of Coleus barbatus (Andrew) plant extracts against MCF 7 and also evaluating their toxicity in normal human mammary cell lines such as Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMEC). The active fraction of plant extract was further purified with the help of Flash chromatography, Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC) and preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The structure of pure compounds will be elucidated by using modern spectroscopic methods like Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) methods. Later, the growth inhibition morphological assessment of cancer cells and cell cycle analysis of purified compounds were assessed using FACS. The growth and progression of signaling molecules HER2, GRP78 was studied by secretion assay using ELISA and expression analysis by flow cytometry. Result: Cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 with IC50 values were derived from dose response curves, using six concentrations of twofold serially diluted samples, by SOFTMax Pro software (Molecular device) and respectively Ellipticine and 0.5% DMSO were used as a positive and negative control. Conclusion: The present study shows the significance of various bioactive compounds extracted from Coleus barbatus (Andrew) root material. It acts as an anti-proliferative and shows cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer cell lines MCF7. The plant extracts play an important role pharmacologically. The whole plant has been used in traditional medicine for decades and the studies done have authenticated the practice. Earlier, as described, the plant has been used in the ayurveda and homeopathy medicine. However, more clinical and pathological studies must be conducted to investigate the unexploited potential of the plant. These studies will be very useful for drug designing in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coleus%20barbatus" title="coleus barbatus">coleus barbatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC" title=" HPLC"> HPLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPLC" title=" MPLC"> MPLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMR" title=" NMR"> NMR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCF7" title=" MCF7"> MCF7</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flash%20chromatograph" title=" flash chromatograph"> flash chromatograph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESI-MS" title=" ESI-MS"> ESI-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FACS" title=" FACS"> FACS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELISA." title=" ELISA."> ELISA.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169291/anti-proliferative-activity-and-her2-receptor-expression-analysis-of-mcf-7-breast-cancer-cell-cells-by-plant-extract-coleus-barbatus-andrew" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">260</span> Primary Cryptococcal Pneumonia in an HIV Positive Filipino Patient</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Andrew%20Tu">Mark Andrew Tu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20Olazo"> Raymond Olazo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cybele%20Abad"> Cybele Abad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cryptococcosis is an invasive infection most commonly found in patients who are immuno compromised. However, patients with this infection usually present with meningitis and rarely pulmonary infection in isolation. We present a case of a Filipino HIV patient who developed cryptococcal pneumonia without meningitis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cryptococcal%20Pneumonia" title="Cryptococcal Pneumonia">Cryptococcal Pneumonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title=" HIV"> HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filipino" title=" Filipino"> Filipino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20system" title=" immune system "> immune system </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18964/primary-cryptococcal-pneumonia-in-an-hiv-positive-filipino-patient" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">259</span> Automatic Generation of Census Enumeration Area and National Sampling Frame to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarchil%20H.%20Qader">Sarchil H. Qader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Harfoot"> Andrew Harfoot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathias%20Kuepie"> Mathias Kuepie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabrina%20Juran"> Sabrina Juran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Attila%20Lazar"> Attila Lazar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20J.%20Tatem"> Andrew J. Tatem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need for high-quality, reliable, and timely population data, including demographic information, to support the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in all countries was recognized by the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. However, many low and middle-income countries lack reliable and recent census data. To achieve reliable and accurate census and survey outputs, up-to-date census enumeration areas and digital national sampling frames are critical. Census enumeration areas (EAs) are the smallest geographic units for collection, disseminating, and analyzing census data and are often used as a national sampling frame to serve various socio-economic surveys. Even for countries that are wealthy and stable, creating and updating EAs is a difficult yet crucial step in preparing for a national census. Such a process is commonly done manually, either by digitizing small geographic units on high-resolution satellite imagery or walking the boundaries of units, both of which are extremely expensive. We have developed a user-friendly tool that could be employed to generate draft EA boundaries automatically. The tool is based on high-resolution gridded population and settlement datasets, GPS household locations, building footprints and uses publicly available natural, man-made and administrative boundaries. Initial outputs were produced in Burkina Faso, Paraguay, Somalia, Togo, Niger, Guinea, and Zimbabwe. The results indicate that the EAs are in line with international standards, including boundaries that are easily identifiable and follow ground features, have no overlaps, are compact and free of pockets and disjoints, and the boundaries are nested within administrative boundaries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enumeration%20areas" title="enumeration areas">enumeration areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20sampling%20frame" title=" national sampling frame"> national sampling frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gridded%20population%20data" title=" gridded population data"> gridded population data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preEA%20tool" title=" preEA tool"> preEA tool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146104/automatic-generation-of-census-enumeration-area-and-national-sampling-frame-to-achieve-sustainable-development-goals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">258</span> Predicting College Students’ Happiness During COVID-19 Pandemic; Be optimistic and Well in College!</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michiko%20Iwasaki">Michiko Iwasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jane%20M.%20Endres"> Jane M. Endres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julia%20Y.%20Richards"> Julia Y. Richards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Futterman"> Andrew Futterman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aimed to examine college students’ happiness during COVID19-pandemic. Using the online survey data from 96 college students in the U.S., a regression analysis was conducted to predict college students’ happiness. The results indicated that a four-predictor model (optimism, college students’ subjective wellbeing, coronavirus stress, and spirituality) explained 57.9% of the variance in student’s subjective happiness, F(4,77)=26.428, p<.001, R2=.579, 95% CI [.41,.66]. The study suggests the importance of learned optimism among college students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimism" title=" optimism"> optimism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirituality" title=" spirituality"> spirituality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-being" title=" well-being"> well-being</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140210/predicting-college-students-happiness-during-covid-19-pandemic-be-optimistic-and-well-in-college" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">257</span> Using Mixed Methods in Studying Classroom Social Network Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashrawan%20Naser%20Taha">Nashrawan Naser Taha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20M.%20Cox"> Andrew M. Cox</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a multi-cultural learning context, where ties are weak and dynamic, combining qualitative with quantitative research methods may be more effective. Such a combination may also allow us to answer different types of question, such as about people’s perception of the network. In this study the use of observation, interviews and photos were explored as ways of enhancing data from social network questionnaires. Integrating all of these methods was found to enhance the quality of data collected and its accuracy, also providing a richer story of the network dynamics and the factors that shaped these changes over time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20methods" title="mixed methods">mixed methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network%20analysis" title=" social network analysis"> social network analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-cultural%20learning" title=" multi-cultural learning"> multi-cultural learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network%20dynamics" title=" social network dynamics"> social network dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15500/using-mixed-methods-in-studying-classroom-social-network-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">256</span> Particle Size Distribution Estimation of a Mixture of Regular and Irregular Sized Particles Using Acoustic Emissions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ejay%20Nsugbe">Ejay Nsugbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Starr"> Andrew Starr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Jennions"> Ian Jennions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristobal%20Ruiz-Carcel"> Cristobal Ruiz-Carcel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This works investigates the possibility of using Acoustic Emissions (AE) to estimate the Particle Size Distribution (PSD) of a mixture of particles that comprise of particles of different densities and geometry. The experiments carried out involved the mixture of a set of glass and polyethylene particles that ranged from 150-212 microns and 150-250 microns respectively and an experimental rig that allowed the free fall of a continuous stream of particles on a target plate which the AE sensor was placed. By using a time domain based multiple threshold method, it was observed that the PSD of the particles in the mixture could be estimated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20emissions" title="acoustic emissions">acoustic emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20sizing" title=" particle sizing"> particle sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20monitoring" title=" process monitoring"> process monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20processing" title=" signal processing"> signal processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68042/particle-size-distribution-estimation-of-a-mixture-of-regular-and-irregular-sized-particles-using-acoustic-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">255</span> Adding Security Blocks to the DevOps Lifecycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20John%20Zeller">Andrew John Zeller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Pouatcha"> Francis Pouatcha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Working according to the DevOps principle has gained in popularity over the past decade. While its extension DevSecOps started to include elements of cybersecurity, most real-life projects do not focus risk and security until the later phases of a project as teams are often more familiar with engineering and infrastructure services. To help bridge the gap between security and engineering, this paper will take six building blocks of cybersecurity and apply them to the DevOps approach. After giving a brief overview of the stages in the DevOps lifecycle, the main part discusses to what extent six cybersecurity blocks can be utilized in various stages of the lifecycle. The paper concludes with an outlook on how to stay up to date in the dynamic world of cybersecurity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20security" title="information security">information security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20security" title=" data security"> data security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cybersecurity" title=" cybersecurity"> cybersecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=devOps" title=" devOps"> devOps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20management" title=" IT management"> IT management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168996/adding-security-blocks-to-the-devops-lifecycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">254</span> Condition Monitoring of Railway Earthworks using Distributed Rayleigh Sensing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Hall">Andrew Hall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Clarkson"> Paul Clarkson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change is predicted to increase the number of extreme weather events intensifying the strain on Railway Earthworks. This paper describes the use of Distributed Rayleigh Sensing to monitor low frequency activity on a vulnerable earthworks sectionprone to landslides alongside a railway line in Northern Spain. The vulnerable slope is instrumented with conventional slope stability sensors allowing an assessment to be conducted of the application of Distributed Rayleigh Sensing as an earthwork condition monitoring tool to enhance the resilience of railway networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condition%20monitoring" title="condition monitoring">condition monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20earthworks" title=" railway earthworks"> railway earthworks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20rayleigh%20sensing" title=" distributed rayleigh sensing"> distributed rayleigh sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141052/condition-monitoring-of-railway-earthworks-using-distributed-rayleigh-sensing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">253</span> An Emphasis on Creativity-Speak Words Increases Crowdfunding Success</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trayan%20Kushev">Trayan Kushev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Shaunn%20Mattingly"> E. Shaunn Mattingly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20S.%20Manikas"> Andrew S. Manikas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study utilizes computer-aided text analysis (CATA) on the descriptions of 248,614 Kickstarter crowdfunding campaigns to reveal that backers are more likely to provide funding to projects that contain a higher percentage of creativity-speak words. Further, this relationship is observed to be stronger for product-based campaigns (e.g., games, technology, design) and weaker for content-based campaigns (e.g., film, music, publishing). In addition, both positive linguistic tone and the use of words expressing gratitude in the text of the campaign strengthen the positive effect of creativity-speak on campaign success. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity-speak" title="creativity-speak">creativity-speak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crowdfunding" title=" crowdfunding"> crowdfunding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title=" entrepreneurship"> entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gratitude" title=" gratitude"> gratitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tone" title=" tone"> tone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168550/an-emphasis-on-creativity-speak-words-increases-crowdfunding-success" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">252</span> Requirements Gathering for Improved Software Usability and the Potential for Usage-Centred Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kholod%20J.%20Alotaibi">Kholod J. Alotaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20M.%20Gravell"> Andrew M. Gravell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Usability is an important software quality that is often neglected at the design stage. Although methods exist to incorporate elements of usability engineering, there is a need for more balanced usability focused methods that can enhance the experience of software usability for users. In this regard, the potential for Usage-Centered Design is explored with respect to requirements gathering and is shown to lead to high software usability besides other benefits. It achieves this through its focus on usage, defining essential use cases, by conducting task modeling, encouraging user collaboration, refining requirements, and so on. The requirements gathering process in UgCD is described in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=requirements%20gathering" title="requirements gathering">requirements gathering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usability" title=" usability"> usability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usage-centred%20design" title=" usage-centred design"> usage-centred design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20science" title=" computer science"> computer science</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2468/requirements-gathering-for-improved-software-usability-and-the-potential-for-usage-centred-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">251</span> The Need for the Utilization of Instructional Materials on the Teaching and Learning of Agricultural Science Education in Developing Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogoh%20Andrew%20Enokela">Ogoh Andrew Enokela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper dwelt on the need for the utilization of instructional materials with highlights on the type of instructional materials, selection, uses and their importance on the learning and teaching of Agricultural Science Education in developing countries. It further discussed the concept of improvisation with some recommendation in terms of availability, utilization on the teaching and learning of Agricultural Science Education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instructional%20materials" title="instructional materials">instructional materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20science%20education" title=" agricultural science education"> agricultural science education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvisation" title=" improvisation"> improvisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20and%20learning" title=" teaching and learning"> teaching and learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7482/the-need-for-the-utilization-of-instructional-materials-on-the-teaching-and-learning-of-agricultural-science-education-in-developing-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">250</span> The Lexicographic Serial Rule</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Thao%20Nguyen">Thi Thao Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20McLennan"> Andrew McLennan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shino%20Takayama"> Shino Takayama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the probabilistic allocation of finitely many indivisible objects to finitely many agents. Well known allocation rules for this problem include random priority, the market mechanism proposed by Hylland and Zeckhauser [1979], and the probabilistic serial rule of Bogomolnaia and Moulin [2001]. We propose a new allocation rule, which we call the lexico-graphic (serial) rule, that is tailored for situations in which each agent's primary concern is to maximize the probability of receiving her favourite object. Three axioms, lex efficiency, lex envy freeness and fairness, are proposed and fully characterize the lexicographic serial rule. We also discuss how our axioms and the lexicographic rule are related to other allocation rules, particularly the probabilistic serial rule. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efficiency" title="Efficiency">Efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Envy%20free" title=" Envy free"> Envy free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lexicographic" title=" Lexicographic"> Lexicographic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Probabilistic%20Serial%20Rule" title=" Probabilistic Serial Rule"> Probabilistic Serial Rule</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124573/the-lexicographic-serial-rule" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">249</span> Low Frequency Ultrasonic Degassing to Reduce Void Formation in Epoxy Resin and Its Effect on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of the Cured Polymer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Cobley">A. J. Cobley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Krishnan"> L. Krishnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The demand for multi-functional lightweight materials in sectors such as automotive, aerospace, electronics is growing, and for this reason fibre-reinforced, epoxy polymer composites are being widely utilized. The fibre reinforcing material is mainly responsible for the strength and stiffness of the composites whilst the main role of the epoxy polymer matrix is to enhance the load distribution applied on the fibres as well as to protect the fibres from the effect of harmful environmental conditions. The superior properties of the fibre-reinforced composites are achieved by the best properties of both of the constituents. Although factors such as the chemical nature of the epoxy and how it is cured will have a strong influence on the properties of the epoxy matrix, the method of mixing and degassing of the resin can also have a significant impact. The production of a fibre-reinforced epoxy polymer composite will usually begin with the mixing of the epoxy pre-polymer with a hardener and accelerator. Mechanical methods of mixing are often employed for this stage but such processes naturally introduce air into the mixture, which, if it becomes entrapped, will lead to voids in the subsequent cured polymer. Therefore, degassing is normally utilised after mixing and this is often achieved by placing the epoxy resin mixture in a vacuum chamber. Although this is reasonably effective, it is another process stage and if a method of mixing could be found that, at the same time, degassed the resin mixture this would lead to shorter production times, more effective degassing and less voids in the final polymer. In this study the effect of four different methods for mixing and degassing of the pre-polymer with hardener and accelerator were investigated. The first two methods were manual stirring and magnetic stirring which were both followed by vacuum degassing. The other two techniques were ultrasonic mixing/degassing using a 40 kHz ultrasonic bath and a 20 kHz ultrasonic probe. The cured cast resin samples were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope, and Image J analysis software to study morphological changes, void content and void distribution. Three point bending test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were also performed to determine the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured resin. It was found that the use of the 20 kHz ultrasonic probe for mixing/degassing gave the lowest percentage voids of all the mixing methods in the study. In addition, the percentage voids found when employing a 40 kHz ultrasonic bath to mix/degas the epoxy polymer mixture was only slightly higher than when magnetic stirrer mixing followed by vacuum degassing was utilized. The effect of ultrasonic mixing/degassing on the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured resin will also be reported. The results suggest that low frequency ultrasound is an effective means of mixing/degassing a pre-polymer mixture and could enable a significant reduction in production times. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degassing" title="degassing">degassing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20frequency%20ultrasound" title=" low frequency ultrasound"> low frequency ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20composites" title=" polymer composites"> polymer composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voids" title=" voids"> voids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40879/low-frequency-ultrasonic-degassing-to-reduce-void-formation-in-epoxy-resin-and-its-effect-on-the-thermo-mechanical-properties-of-the-cured-polymer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">248</span> A Bundled Approach to Explaining Technological Change: The Case of E-Estonia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Adjah%20Sai">Andrew Adjah Sai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Portia%20Opoku%20Boadi"> Portia Opoku Boadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Explaining change is an abstract endeavor. Many management scholars have adopted metaphors to explain change. In this paper, we deal with the drivers of technological change. We use a historical and theoretical approach to review and elaborate on the concepts and context about a specific case. We discuss the limitations of each approach proffered and the implications as a consequence on technological change. We present plurality and multiplicity of perspectives using a socio-technical approach to explain technological change contextually on an organizational level. We show by using our model how technology absorption and diffusion can be accelerated through artefactual institutions to enable social change. The multiplicity of perspectives and plurality of our arguments creates a fine explanation of the e-Estonia case as an example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artefactual%20institutions" title="artefactual institutions">artefactual institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-Estonia" title=" e-Estonia"> e-Estonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20change" title=" social change"> social change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20trajectories" title=" technological trajectories"> technological trajectories</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78808/a-bundled-approach-to-explaining-technological-change-the-case-of-e-estonia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">247</span> An Enhanced Digital Forensic Model for Internet of Things Forensic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tina%20Wu">Tina Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Martin"> Andrew Martin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) brings a new level of threat. Attacks on IoT are already being used by criminals to form botnets, launch Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and distribute malware. This opens a whole new digital forensic arena to develop forensic methodologies in order to have the capability to investigate IoT related crimes. However, existing proposed IoT forensic models are still premature requiring further improvement and validation, many lack details on the acquisition and analysis phase. This paper proposes an enhanced theoretical IoT digital forensic model focused on identifying and acquiring the main sources of evidence in a methodical way. In addition, this paper presents a theoretical acquisition framework of the different stages required in order to be capable of acquiring evidence from IoT devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition" title="acquisition">acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet%20of%20Things" title=" Internet of Things"> Internet of Things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zoning" title=" zoning"> zoning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76982/an-enhanced-digital-forensic-model-for-internet-of-things-forensic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">246</span> Effects of Reversible Watermarking on Iris Recognition Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Lock">Andrew Lock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alastair%20Allen"> Alastair Allen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fragile watermarking has been proposed as a means of adding additional security or functionality to biometric systems, particularly for authentication and tamper detection. In this paper we describe an experimental study on the effect of watermarking iris images with a particular class of fragile algorithm, reversible algorithms, and the ability to correctly perform iris recognition. We investigate two scenarios, matching watermarked images to unmodiﬁed images, and matching watermarked images to watermarked images. We show that different watermarking schemes give very different results for a given capacity, highlighting the importance of investigation. At high embedding rates most algorithms cause significant reduction in recognition performance. However, in many cases, for low embedding rates, recognition accuracy is improved by the watermarking process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title="biometrics">biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iris%20recognition" title=" iris recognition"> iris recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversible%20watermarking" title=" reversible watermarking"> reversible watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vision%20engineering" title=" vision engineering"> vision engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9663/effects-of-reversible-watermarking-on-iris-recognition-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">245</span> Artificial Intelligence Based Meme Generation Technology for Engaging Audience in Social Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Kurochkin">Andrew Kurochkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kostiantyn%20Bokhan"> Kostiantyn Bokhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a new meme dataset of ~650K meme instances was created, a technology of meme generation based on the state of the art deep learning technique - GPT-2 model was researched, a comparative analysis of machine-generated memes and human-created was conducted. We justified that Amazon Mechanical Turk workers can be used for the approximate estimating of users' behavior in a social network, more precisely to measure engagement. It was shown that generated memes cause the same engagement as human memes that produced low engagement in the social network (historically). Thus, generated memes are less engaging than random memes created by humans. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20generation" title="content generation">content generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20social%20science" title=" computational social science"> computational social science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memes%20generation" title=" memes generation"> memes generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reddit" title=" Reddit"> Reddit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks" title=" social networks"> social networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20interaction" title=" social media interaction"> social media interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126571/artificial-intelligence-based-meme-generation-technology-for-engaging-audience-in-social-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">244</span> Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation Using One State Hysteresis Model with Nonlinear Estimation Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Farag">Mohammed Farag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Attari"> Mina Attari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Andrew%20Gadsden"> S. Andrew Gadsden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeid%20R.%20Habibi"> Saeid R. Habibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Battery state of charge (SOC) estimation is an important parameter as it measures the total amount of electrical energy stored at a current time. The SOC percentage acts as a fuel gauge if it is compared with a conventional vehicle. Estimating the SOC is, therefore, essential for monitoring the amount of useful life remaining in the battery system. This paper looks at the implementation of three nonlinear estimation strategies for Li-Ion battery SOC estimation. One of the most common behavioral battery models is the one state hysteresis (OSH) model. The extended Kalman filter (EKF), the smooth variable structure filter (SVSF), and the time-varying smoothing boundary layer SVSF are applied on this model, and the results are compared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20of%20charge%20estimation" title="state of charge estimation">state of charge estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20modeling" title=" battery modeling"> battery modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-state%20hysteresis" title=" one-state hysteresis"> one-state hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtering%20and%20estimation" title=" filtering and estimation"> filtering and estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68017/lithium-ion-battery-state-of-charge-estimation-using-one-state-hysteresis-model-with-nonlinear-estimation-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">243</span> The Design, Development, and Optimization of a Capacitive Pressure Sensor Utilizing an Existing 9DOF Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Randles">Andrew Randles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilker%20Ocak"> Ilker Ocak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheam%20Daw%20Don"> Cheam Daw Don</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navab%20Singh"> Navab Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Gu"> Alex Gu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nine Degrees of Freedom (9 DOF) systems are already in development in many areas. In this paper, an integrated pressure sensor is proposed that will make use of an already existing monolithic 9 DOF inertial MEMS platform. Capacitive pressure sensors can suffer from limited sensitivity for a given size of membrane. This novel pressure sensor design increases the sensitivity by over 5 times compared to a traditional array of square diaphragms while still fitting within a 2 mm x 2 mm chip and maintaining a fixed static capacitance. The improved design uses one large diaphragm supported by pillars with fixed electrodes placed above the areas of maximum deflection. The design optimization increases the sensitivity from 0.22 fF/kPa to 1.16 fF/kPa. Temperature sensitivity was also examined through simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20pressure%20sensor" title="capacitive pressure sensor">capacitive pressure sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=9%20DOF" title=" 9 DOF"> 9 DOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=10%20DOF" title=" 10 DOF"> 10 DOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive" title=" capacitive"> capacitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20measurement%20unit" title=" inertial measurement unit"> inertial measurement unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMU" title=" IMU"> IMU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20navigation%20system" title=" inertial navigation system"> inertial navigation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=INS" title=" INS"> INS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32117/the-design-development-and-optimization-of-a-capacitive-pressure-sensor-utilizing-an-existing-9dof-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> The Use of Drones in Measuring Environmental Impacts of the Forest Garden Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20J.%20Zacharias">Andrew J. Zacharias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The forest garden approach (FGA) was established by Trees for the Future (TREES) over the organization’s 30 years of agroforestry projects in Sub-Saharan Africa. This method transforms traditional agricultural systems into highly managed gardens that produce food and marketable products year-round. The effects of the FGA on food security, dietary diversity, and economic resilience have been measured closely, and TREES has begun to closely monitor the environmental impacts through the use of sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly known as 'drones'. These drones collect thousands of pictures to create 3-D models in both the visible and the near-infrared wavelengths. Analysis of these models provides TREES with quantitative and qualitative evidence of improvements to the annual above-ground biomass and leaf area indices, as measured in-situ using NDVI calculations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agroforestry" title="agroforestry">agroforestry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drones" title=" drones"> drones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NDVI" title=" NDVI"> NDVI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120192/the-use-of-drones-in-measuring-environmental-impacts-of-the-forest-garden-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> A Method to Enhance the Accuracy of Digital Forensic in the Absence of Sufficient Evidence in Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Alanazi">Fahad Alanazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Jones"> Andrew Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital forensics seeks to achieve the successful investigation of digital crimes through obtaining acceptable evidence from digital devices that can be presented in a court of law. Thus, the digital forensics investigation is normally performed through a number of phases in order to achieve the required level of accuracy in the investigation processes. Since 1984 there have been a number of models and frameworks developed to support the digital investigation processes. In this paper, we review a number of the investigation processes that have been produced throughout the years and introduce a proposed digital forensic model which is based on the scope of the Saudi Arabia investigation process. The proposed model has been integrated with existing models for the investigation processes and produced a new phase to deal with a situation where there is initially insufficient evidence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20forensics" title="digital forensics">digital forensics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process" title=" process"> process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metadata" title=" metadata"> metadata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Traceback" title=" Traceback"> Traceback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sauid%20Arabia" title=" Sauid Arabia"> Sauid Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57322/a-method-to-enhance-the-accuracy-of-digital-forensic-in-the-absence-of-sufficient-evidence-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">240</span> Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Disorders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Anis%20Fakhrey%20Mosaad">Andrew Anis Fakhrey Mosaad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: There are many different types of sleep disorders, each with serious implications for a person's health and a large financial burden on society. Method: This review offers a framework based on the International Classification of Sleep Disorders to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. Differentiating between primary and secondary insomnia is covered, along with pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapy options. Common abnormalities of the circadian rhythm are mentioned along with their therapies, such as light therapy and chronotherapy. This article discusses the identification and management of periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome. The therapy of upper airway resistance syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea are the main topics of discussion. Conclusion: The range of narcolepsy symptoms and results, as well as diagnostic procedures and treatment, are discussed. The causes, outcomes, and treatments of many types of insomnias, such as sleep terrors, somnambulism, and rapid eye movement (REM) behavior sleep disorders, are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title="diagnosis">diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment" title=" treatment"> treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20disorders" title=" sleep disorders"> sleep disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insomnia" title=" insomnia"> insomnia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184598/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-sleep-disorders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">239</span> On the Impracticality of Kierkegaard's Community of Authentic Individuals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Ka%20Pok%20Tam">Andrew Ka Pok Tam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kierkegaard has been misinterpreted as an anti-social philosopher for a long time until in recent years when there are more discussions on his concept of community in Journals and Papers inspired by Karl Bayer. Community which is based upon an individual's relations to others is different from the crowd or the public where the numerical or the majority make decisions. As a result, authenticity is only possible in the community. But Kierkegaard did not explain how we can preserve the individual's authenticity by establishing a community instead of a public in the reality. Kierkegaard was against the democratic reform in 1848 Denmark because he thought all elections mean the majority wins and the authenticity of a single individual would be suppressed. However, Kierkegaard himself does not suggest an alternative political system that may preserve the authenticity of individual. This paper aims to evaluate the possibility for us to establish a Kierkegaadian community in practice so as to preserve every individual's authenticity. This paper argues that the practicality of Kierekegaadian community is limited. In order to have effective communications and relations among individuals, a Kierkegaardian community must be small and inefficient as every individual's must remain authentic in all political decision for the whole community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticity" title="authenticity">authenticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title=" community"> community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual" title=" individual"> individual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kierkegaard" title=" kierkegaard"> kierkegaard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64141/on-the-impracticality-of-kierkegaards-community-of-authentic-individuals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">238</span> Light-Scattering Characteristics of Ordered Arrays Nobel Metal Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassine%20Ait-El-Aoud">Yassine Ait-El-Aoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Okomoto"> Michael Okomoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20M.%20Luce"> Andrew M. Luce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alkim%20Akyurtlu"> Alkim Akyurtlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20M.%20Osgood%20III"> Richard M. Osgood III</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Light scattering of metal nanoparticles (NPs) has a unique, and technologically important effect on enhancing light absorption in substrates because most of the light scatters into the substrate near the localized plasmon resonance of the NPs. The optical response, such as the resonant frequency and forward- and backward-scattering, can be tuned to trap light over a certain spectral region by adjusting the nanoparticle material size, shape, aggregation state, Metallic vs. insulating state, as well as local environmental conditions. In this work, we examined the light scattering characteristics of ordered arrays of metal nanoparticles and the light trapping, in order to enhance absorption, by measuring the forward- and backward-scattering using a UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer. Samples were fabricated using the popular self-assembly process method: dip coating, combined with nanosphere lithography. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dip%20coating" title="dip coating">dip coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light-scattering" title=" light-scattering"> light-scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20nanoparticles" title=" metal nanoparticles"> metal nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanosphere%20lithography" title=" nanosphere lithography"> nanosphere lithography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58313/light-scattering-characteristics-of-ordered-arrays-nobel-metal-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> Cytotoxic Terpenes from the Stems of Bark of Echinacea Angustifolia DC Collected from Girei, Adamawa State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdu%20Zakari">Abdu Zakari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Jibrin"> Said Jibrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatope%20Majekodunmi%20Oladeji"> Fatope Majekodunmi Oladeji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hassan%20Shagga"> Mohammed Hassan Shagga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Sule"> Andrew Sule</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From the Stems of Bark of Echinaceae angustifolia DC three known triterpenes 3a,5,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)icosahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-9-yl acetate (lupeol acetate), 4,4,6a,6b,8a,10,11,14b,octamethyl1,1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a, 9,10, 11,12,12a,14,14a,14b-icosahydropicen-3-yl acetate (derivative of β-amyrin and 9- hydroxy-1-isopropenyl-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-icosahydro-cyclopenta[a]chrysene- 3a-carboxylic acid (betulinic acid), labelled as Ea-7-38, Ea-9-10 and Ea-12-85) were isolated and characterized. All isolates were tested for their cytotoxicities against Artemia salina (brine shrimp larvae). Compound Ea-12-85 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against the Artemia salina, Ea-7-38, Ea-9-10 were found to be non-toxic in the cytotoxicity test. The result of the study has justified the claim of the traditional medicine practitioners in Girei for the treatment of complicated malaria disease using the stem bark of E. angustifolia DC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxic" title="cytotoxic">cytotoxic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terpenes" title=" terpenes"> terpenes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Echinaceae%20angustifolia" title=" Echinaceae angustifolia"> Echinaceae angustifolia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brine%20shrimp" title=" brine shrimp"> brine shrimp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artemia%20salina" title=" artemia salina"> artemia salina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179010/cytotoxic-terpenes-from-the-stems-of-bark-of-echinacea-angustifolia-dc-collected-from-girei-adamawa-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Cobley&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Cobley&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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