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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mongol_khanates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongol_khanates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mongol khanates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mongol_khanates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mongol khanates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mongol_khanates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mongol_Empire_(1206–1368)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongol_Empire_(1206–1368)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Mongol Empire (1206–1368)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongol_Empire_(1206–1368)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkic_khanates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkic_khanates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Turkic khanates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Turkic_khanates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Turkic khanates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Turkic_khanates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Possible_Proto-Turkic_or_Turkic_khaganates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_Proto-Turkic_or_Turkic_khaganates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Possible Proto-Turkic or Turkic khaganates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_Proto-Turkic_or_Turkic_khaganates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_and_Late_Medieval_Turkic_khaganates_and_khanates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_and_Late_Medieval_Turkic_khaganates_and_khanates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early and Late Medieval Turkic khaganates and khanates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_and_Late_Medieval_Turkic_khaganates_and_khanates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Asian_Turkic_khanates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Asian_Turkic_khanates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Central Asian Turkic khanates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Asian_Turkic_khanates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khanates_of_the_Caucasus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Khanates of the Caucasus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khanates_of_the_Caucasus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_khanates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_khanates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other khanates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_khanates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Khanate</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanaat" title="Khanaat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Khanaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="خانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanl%C4%B1q" title="Xanlıq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xanlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="خانلیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خانلیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="খানাত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খানাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81n-kok" title="Hān-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hān-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Ханлыҡ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ханлыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Ханство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ханство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%27hanelezh" title="C'hanelezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="C'hanelezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanat" title="Kanat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kanat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan%C3%A1t" title="Chanát – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chanát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanat" title="Khanat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Khanat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanat" title="Khanat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Khanat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanaat" title="Khanaat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Khanaat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Χανάτο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χανάτο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanato" title="Kanato – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kanato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4anlando" title="Ĥanlando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥanlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="خانات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خانات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanat" title="Khanat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khanat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanato" title="Khanato – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Khanato" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="칸국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칸국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Խանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4" title="ख़ानत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ख़ानत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanio" title="Kanio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kanio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekhanan" title="Kekhanan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekhanan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanato" title="Khanato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Khanato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="חאנות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חאנות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Хандық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хандық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Хандык – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хандык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanatus" title="Chanatus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chanatus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haniste" title="Haniste – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Haniste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanata" title="Kanata – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kanata" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekhanan" title="Kekhanan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kekhanan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Ханлиг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ханлиг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanaat" title="Kanaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kanaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="汗国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="汗国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xonlik" title="Xonlik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xonlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="خانیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خانیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanat" title="Chanat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chanat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canato" title="Canato – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Canato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanat" title="Hanat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hanat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Ханство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ханство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanati" title="Hanati – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hanati" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="خانات – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خانات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Канат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Канат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakhanan" title="Kakhanan – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kakhanan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaanikunta" title="Kaanikunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaanikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanat" title="Khanat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Khanat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="கானரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கானரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ханлык – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ханлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C4%9Fanl%C4%B1k" title="Kağanlık – Turkish" lang="tr" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaganate&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaganate">Khaganate</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Monarchical state ruled by a khan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Khanate_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Khanate (disambiguation)">Khanate (disambiguation)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan (title)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a></div> <p>A <b>khanate</b> or <b>khaganate</b> is a type of historic <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">polity</a> ruled by a <a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun">khatun</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Khanum" title="Khanum">khanum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khanates were typically nomadic <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatar">Tatar</a> societies located on the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe" title="Eurasian Steppe">Eurasian Steppe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> politically equivalent in status to <a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">kinship-based chiefdoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchies</a>. Khanates and khaganates were organised <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribally</a>, where leaders gained power on the support and loyalty of their warrior subjects,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gaining tribute from subordinates as realm funding.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In comparison to a khanate, a khaganate, the realm of a <a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagan</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Nomadic_empire" title="Nomadic empire">large nomadic state</a> maintaining subjugation over numerous smaller khanates.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title of khagan, translating as "Khan of the Khans", roughly corresponds in status to that of an emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mongol_khanates">Mongol khanates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mongol khanates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mongol_Empire_(1206–1368)"><span id="Mongol_Empire_.281206.E2.80.931368.29"></span>Mongol Empire (1206–1368)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mongol Empire (1206–1368)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></div> <p>The Mongol Empire was the largest steppe nomadic Khaganate as well as <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_empires" title="List of largest empires">second largest empire</a> and the largest contiguous empire<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in history. After <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> established <a href="/wiki/Appanage" title="Appanage">appanages</a> for his family in the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> during his rule (1206–1227), his sons, daughters, and grandsons inherited separate sections of the empire. The Mongol Empire and Mongolian khanates that emerged from those appanages are listed below. </p> <ul><li><b>List of Mongol khanates</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> (1226–1347), In 1226, the second son of Genghis Khan, Chagatai Khan established the Chagatai Khanate. At its height in the late 13th century, the khanate extended from the <a href="/wiki/Amu_Darya" title="Amu Darya">Amu Darya</a> south of the <a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a> in the border of modern-day Mongolia and China, roughly corresponding to the defunct <a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a> Empire. Initially the rulers of the Chagatai Khanate recognized the supremacy of the Great Khan, but by the reign of <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghiyas-ud-din_Baraq" title="Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq">Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq</a> no longer obeyed the emperor's orders. By 1347 the khanate had split into the <a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a> and West Chagatai Khanate.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il-Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Il-Khanate">Il-Khanate</a> (1252–1335), In 1256, Il-Khanate was established by the grandson of Genghis Khan, <a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu Khan">Hulagu Khan</a>. Its core territory lies in what is now part of the countries of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. At its greatest extent, the Ilkhanate also included parts of modern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, part of modern <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a>, and part of modern <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Ghazan" title="Ghazan">Ghazan</a> in 1295, converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. In the 1330s, the Ilkhanate was ravaged by the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a>. Its last khan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_(Ilkhanid_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Sa'id (Ilkhanid dynasty)">Abu Sa'id</a> died in 1335, after which the khanate disintegrated. The Ilkhanid rulers, although of non-<a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> origin, tried to advertise their authority by tying themselves to the Iranian past, and they recruited historians in order to present the Mongols as heirs to the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanians</a> (224–651 AD) of pre-Islamic Iran.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wings_of_the_Golden_Horde" title="Wings of the Golden Horde">Wings of the Golden Horde</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Horde" title="Blue Horde">Blue Horde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Horde" title="Great Horde">Great Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Khanate" title="Astrakhan Khanate">Astrakhan Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kazan" title="Khanate of Kazan">Khanate of Kazan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Horde" title="White Horde">White Horde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_Horde" title="Nogai Horde">Nogai Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Khanate" title="Kazakh Khanate">Kazakh Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Bukhara" title="Khanate of Bukhara">Khanate of Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khanate of Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Sibir" title="Khanate of Sibir">Khanate of Sibir</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Yuan dynasty">Northern Yuan dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Bogd Khanate</a> (1911–1924), under rule of the <a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khan" title="Bogd Khan">Bogd Khan</a>, the last Mongol khagan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a>, formed in 1634, covering <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> region of China, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, eastern <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> and western Mongolia; 2 December 1717 – 1720, also styled <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Tibet#Resurfacing_of_the_struggle_between_Dzungar_Khanate_and_Qing_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol conquest of Tibet">Protector of Tibet</a>; 1755 tributary to the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, 1758 <a href="/wiki/Dzungar%E2%80%93Qing_Wars" title="Dzungar–Qing Wars">annexed</a> by Qing dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Khanate" title="Kalmyk Khanate">Kalmyk Khanate</a>, established c.1630 by the <a href="/wiki/Torghut" title="Torghut">Torghut</a> branch of the Mongol Oirats, settled along the lower <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a> (in modern Russia and Kazakhstan), 1630-1771</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Del" title="Kara Del">Kara Del</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Keraite Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamag_Mongol" title="Khamag Mongol">Khamag Mongol Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut_Khanate" title="Khoshut Khanate">Khoshut Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotgoid_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Khotgoid Khanate">Khotgoid Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Mergid Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naiman Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_confederation" title="Tatar confederation">Tatar Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghul Khanate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul Khanate</a> – a vassal state to <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, abolished in 1930</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turkic_khanates">Turkic khanates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Turkic khanates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possible_Proto-Turkic_or_Turkic_khaganates">Possible Proto-Turkic or Turkic khaganates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Possible Proto-Turkic or Turkic khaganates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:450_roman-hunnic-empire_1764x1116.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/450_roman-hunnic-empire_1764x1116.jpg/300px-450_roman-hunnic-empire_1764x1116.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/450_roman-hunnic-empire_1764x1116.jpg/450px-450_roman-hunnic-empire_1764x1116.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/450_roman-hunnic-empire_1764x1116.jpg/600px-450_roman-hunnic-empire_1764x1116.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="1116" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Hunnic Empire</a> of <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a> in c. 450 CE</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a>, mentioned in Chinese sources, were <a href="/wiki/Xiongnu#Turkic_theories" title="Xiongnu">possibly</a> of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Turkic_language" title="Proto-Turkic language">Proto-Turkic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> origin (<a href="/wiki/Xiongnu#Ethnolinguistic_origins" title="Xiongnu">disputed</a>) and are proposed as the possible ancestors of the <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a> (who <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Huns" title="Origin of the Huns">may have been Turkic</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Hunnic_language" title="Hunnic language">whose language</a> remains unclassified). <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a>, mentioned in Chinese sources, were a <a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele</a> tribe, related to the earlier <a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a> people, who emerged after the disintegration of the Xiongnu confederacy (they were at one point vassals of the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a>, later aligning with the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern Göktürks</a>).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_and_Late_Medieval_Turkic_khaganates_and_khanates">Early and Late Medieval Turkic khaganates and khanates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early and Late Medieval Turkic khaganates and khanates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/300px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/450px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/600px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_First_Turkic_Khaganate.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_of_the_First_Turkic_Khaganate.png/300px-Map_of_the_First_Turkic_Khaganate.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_of_the_First_Turkic_Khaganate.png/450px-Map_of_the_First_Turkic_Khaganate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_of_the_First_Turkic_Khaganate.png/600px-Map_of_the_First_Turkic_Khaganate.png 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span></div><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First Turkic Khaganate</a> in 576 CE<div id="annotation_185x30" style="position:absolute; left:185px; top:30px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><i>Kyrgyzs</i></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_228x138" style="position:absolute; left:228px; top:138px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px;"><span 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title="Northern Zhou"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><small>NORTH.</small><br />ZHOU</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_245x80" style="position:absolute; left:245px; top:80px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Qi" title="Northern Qi"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><small>NORTH.</small><br />QI</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_150x90" style="position:absolute; left:150px; top:90px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhung" title="Zhangzhung"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><b>ZHANGZHUNG</b></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_240x110" style="position:absolute; left:240px; top:110px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; 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left:185px; top:78px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Tuyuhun" title="Tuyuhun"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">TUYUHUN</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_250x55" style="position:absolute; left:250px; top:55px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><i>Khitans</i></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_175x5" style="position:absolute; left:175px; top:5px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Siberia" title="Indigenous peoples of Siberia"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><i>Paleo-Siberians</i></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_265x25" style="position:absolute; left:265px; top:25px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><i>Tungus</i></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_273x65" style="position:absolute; left:273px; top:65px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">GOGU-<br />RYEO</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_159x69" style="position:absolute; left:159px; top:69px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Tocharians" title="Tocharians"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">TOCHA-<br />RIANS</span></a></span></div></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chasaren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Chasaren.jpg/250px-Chasaren.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Chasaren.jpg/375px-Chasaren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Chasaren.jpg/500px-Chasaren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1394" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazar Khaganate</a>, 650–850 CE</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First Turkic Khaganate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avar_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Avar Khaganate">Avar Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate">Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Khazar Khaganate">Khazar Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Turgesh">Turgesh Khaganate</a></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumania_(1200)_eng.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cumania_%281200%29_eng.png/300px-Cumania_%281200%29_eng.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cumania_%281200%29_eng.png/450px-Cumania_%281200%29_eng.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cumania_%281200%29_eng.png/600px-Cumania_%281200%29_eng.png 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cumania" title="Cumania">Cumania</a>, c. 1200 CE</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumania" title="Cumania">Cumania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khans_Dulo_of_Bulgaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Khans_Dulo_of_Bulgaria.jpg/160px-Khans_Dulo_of_Bulgaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Khans_Dulo_of_Bulgaria.jpg/240px-Khans_Dulo_of_Bulgaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Khans_Dulo_of_Bulgaria.jpg/320px-Khans_Dulo_of_Bulgaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tamgha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamgha">Tamgha</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgar Turkic</a> <a href="/wiki/Dulo" title="Dulo">Dulo</a> clan which ruled the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Old_Great_Bulgaria" title="Old Great Bulgaria"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Monogram_of_Kubrat.png/25px-The_Monogram_of_Kubrat.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Monogram_of_Kubrat.png/38px-The_Monogram_of_Kubrat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Monogram_of_Kubrat.png/50px-The_Monogram_of_Kubrat.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="394" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Old_Great_Bulgaria" title="Old Great Bulgaria">Old Great Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Bulgaria" title="Volga Bulgaria">Volga Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a>, which started as a Turkic state, also known as Danube Bulgaria (in contrast to Volga Bulgaria, as both were established by members of the same <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgar Turkic</a> <a href="/wiki/Dulo" title="Dulo">Dulo</a> clan), but later became fully <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire#Formation_of_Bulgarian_nationality" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Slavicized</a> and a Tsardom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kazan" title="Khanate of Kazan">Khanate of Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Asian_Turkic_khanates">Central Asian Turkic khanates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Central Asian Turkic khanates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimek_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimek Khanate">Kimek Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Keraite Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naiman Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_confederation" title="Tatar confederation">Tatar Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nogai Khanate">Nogai Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Khanate" title="Astrakhan Khanate">Astrakhan Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Besh Tau El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Bukhara" title="Khanate of Bukhara">Khanate of Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khanate of Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Khaganate" title="Kyrgyz Khaganate">Kyrgyz Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluk Khanate</a></li> <li>Khanate of <a href="/wiki/Kashgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashgaria">Kashgaria</a> – Kashgaria was founded in 1514 as part of <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a>; in the 17th century it was divided into several minor khanates without importance, with real power going to the so-called <a href="/wiki/Khwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwaja">Khwaja</a>, Arabic Islamic religious leaders. It became the <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> which was annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_conquest_of_Altishahr" title="Dzungar conquest of Altishahr">Dzungar conquest of Altishahr</a> in 1680.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Khanate" title="Kazakh Khanate">Kazakh Khanate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuz#Senior_zhuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuz">Senior zhuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuz#Middle_zhuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuz">Middle zhuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuz#Junior_zhuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuz">Junior zhuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukey_Horde" title="Bukey Horde">Bukey Horde</a>, Bokei or Buqei; also known as the Inner or Interior Horde – This state founded in 1801 by Sultan Bukey under Russian suzerainty, and restyled as the khanate of the Inner Horde in 1812. 5,000–7,500 families of Kazakhs from the Younger Kazakh <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCz" title="Jüz">Zhuz</a> tribe settled between the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yaik" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaik">Yaik</a> (Ural) rivers. In 1845 the post of khan was abolished, and Russia took over the region.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokand_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokand Khanate">Kokand Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul Khanate</a> – a vassal state to <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, abolished in 1930</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduz_Khanate" title="Kunduz Khanate">Kunduz Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimana_Khanate" title="Maimana Khanate">Maimana Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Yabgu_State" title="Oghuz Yabgu State">Oghuz Yabgu State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasim_Khanate" title="Qasim Khanate">Qasim Khanate</a> (hence modern <a href="/wiki/Kasimov" title="Kasimov">Kasimov</a>) – named after its founder, a vassal of <a href="/wiki/Moscovia_(region)" title="Moscovia (region)">Moscovia</a>/Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Sibir" title="Khanate of Sibir">Khanate of Sibir</a> – source of the name Siberia, as the first significant conquest during Russia's great eastern expansion across the <a href="/wiki/Urals" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals">Urals</a></li> <li>The Khanate of <a href="/wiki/Tuva" title="Tuva">Tuva</a> near Outer Mongolia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Khanate" title="Uzbek Khanate">Uzbek Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Khanates_of_the_Caucasus">Khanates of the Caucasus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Khanates of the Caucasus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Khanate" title="Ardabil Khanate">Ardabil Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avar_Khanate" title="Avar Khanate"> Khundzakh Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku_Khanate" title="Baku Khanate">Baku Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbent_Khanate" title="Derbent Khanate">Derbent Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erivan_Khanate" title="Erivan Khanate">Erivan Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganja_Khanate" title="Ganja Khanate">Ganja Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazikumukh_Khanate" title="Gazikumukh Khanate">Gazikumukh Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javad_Khanate" title="Javad Khanate">Javad Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabakh_Khanate" title="Karabakh Khanate">Karabakh Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadagh_khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadagh khanate">Karadagh khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkhal_Khanate" title="Khalkhal Khanate">Khalkhal Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoy_Khanate" title="Khoy Khanate">Khoy Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura_Khanate" title="Kura Khanate">Kura Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maku_Khanate" title="Maku Khanate">Maku Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maragheh_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maragheh Khanate">Maragheh Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marand_Khanate" title="Marand Khanate">Marand Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehtuli_Khanate" title="Mehtuli Khanate">Mehtuli Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhchivan Khanate">Nakhchivan Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quba_Khanate" title="Quba Khanate">Quba Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarab_Khanate" title="Sarab Khanate">Sarab Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaki_Khanate" title="Shaki Khanate">Shaki Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamakhy_Khanate" title="Shamakhy Khanate">Shamakhy Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirvan_Khanate" title="Shirvan Khanate">Shirvan Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_Khanate" title="Tabriz Khanate">Tabriz Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_Khanate" title="Talysh Khanate">Talysh Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmia_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Urmia Khanate">Urmia Khanate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_khanates">Other khanates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other khanates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nishapur_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nishapur Khanate">Nishapur Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(1616%E2%80%931636)" title="Later Jin (1616–1636)">Later Jin dynasty</a> – Later evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kalat" title="Khanate of Kalat">Khanate of Kalat</a> – Brahui/Baloch Khanate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Khazar Khaganate">Khazar Khaganate</a> – Turkic nomads who later converted to <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rus_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus Khaganate">Rus Khaganate</a> (not an actual Khanate but so named retroactively)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_dynasty" title="Afsharid dynasty">Afsharid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beg_Khan" title="Beg Khan">Beg Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orda_(organization)" title="Orda (organization)">Orda (organization)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurid dynasty</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+KHANATE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fkhanate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glosbe.com/en/otk/khagan">"khagan in Old Turkish – English-Old Turkish Dictionary | Glosbe"</a>. <i>glosbe.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=glosbe.com&rft.atitle=khagan+in+Old+Turkish+%E2%80%93+English-Old+Turkish+Dictionary+%7C+Glosbe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglosbe.com%2Fen%2Fotk%2Fkhagan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100035673">"khanate"</a>. <i>Oxford Reference</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Reference&rft.atitle=khanate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803100035673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-khan-195348">"What Is a Khan?"</a>. <i>ThoughtCo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&rft.atitle=What+Is+a+Khan%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fwhat-is-a-khan-195348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/mongol-khans">"The Mongol Khans"</a>. <i>education.nationalgeographic.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=education.nationalgeographic.org&rft.atitle=The+Mongol+Khans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feducation.nationalgeographic.org%2Fresource%2Fmongol-khans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCartwright" class="citation web cs1">Cartwright, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Genghis_Khan/">"Genghis Khan"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Genghis+Khan&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FGenghis_Khan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrólikowska-Jedlińska" class="citation book cs1">Królikowska-Jedlińska, Natalia. <i>Law and Division of Power in the Crimean Khanate (1532–1774)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Law+and+Division+of+Power+in+the+Crimean+Khanate+%281532%E2%80%931774%29&rft.aulast=Kr%C3%B3likowska-Jedli%C5%84ska&rft.aufirst=Natalia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhanate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morgan. <i>The Mongols</i>. p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Yenching Journal of Social Studies, Volumes 4-5</i>. 1948. p. 68.</cite><span 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