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Crime | Bureau of Justice Statistics
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class="add-list-reset uswds-breadcrumbs uswds-horizontal-list"> <li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics">Topics</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="clearfix" aria-label="hero"> <div class="region region-hero"> <div class="hero hero--background hero--primary"> <div class="hero-container"> <div class="hero__background-container clearfix"> <div class="hero__text-container "> <h1 class="hero__title">Crime</h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hero__background-image" style="background: url(/sites/g/files/xyckuh236/files/styles/hero_background/public/images/2021-02/crimetype2-hero.png?itok=9tr_nAfA) no-repeat center center; background-size: cover;"> <div class="hero__background-image__overlay "></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="usa-section uswds-middle-section " aria-label="primary content"> <div class="grid-container "> <div class="grid-col-fill"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <main class="uswds-main-content-wrapper grid-container "> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class = "grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="region-content tablet:grid-col-12"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-ojp-content" data-block-plugin-id="system_main_block" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article> <div> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25 layout--node-landing_page"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div data-block-plugin-id="extra_field_block:node:landing_page:field_content_archival_notice" class="block--field-content-archival-notice block block-layout-builder block-extra-field-blocknodelanding-pagefield-content-archival-notice"> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="field_block:node:landing_page:body" class="block--body block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodelanding-pagebody"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Description</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Information about crime comes from two primary sources: survey responses from victims about crimes they experienced and administrative data from law enforcement agencies about crimes reported to them. Victim survey responses capture information on crimes reported to the police, as well as those crimes that were not reported. Crime data from law enforcement agencies reflect those crimes reported to and recorded by police. </p> <p><strong>The Nation's Two Crime Measures</strong></p> <p>Department of Justice agencies collect both survey and administrative data on crime.</p> <ul> <li>BJS's National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) captures incident-level data on reported and unreported crime from the victim's perspective</li> <li>FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program Summary Reporting System (SRS) collects summary-based counts of crime reported by law enforcement</li> </ul> <p>Similar to many other indicators used to assess conditions in the United States, these two indicators of crime complement each other to produce a more comprehensive portrait of the nation's crime problem.</p> <p>Some of the differences between SRS and NCVS are—</p> <table class="usa-table--plain"> <tbody> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Summary Reporting System</td> <td>National Crime Victimization Survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Geographic coverage</td> <td> <p>National and state estimates, local agency reports</p> <p>Data can be aggregated to county-level and federal judicial district</p> </td> <td>National estimates</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Collection method</td> <td>Reports by law enforcement to the FBI on a monthly basis</td> <td>Each year, data are obtained from a nationally representative sample of about 240,000 persons in about 150,000 households.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Measures</td> <td>Aggregate counts of 10 offense types reported by law enforcement</td> <td>Reported and unreported crime; details about the crimes, victims, and offenders</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>For more information about the UCR and the NCVS, see <em><a href="https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/nations-two-crime-measures-2011-2020">The Nation's Two Crime Measures</a></em>.</p> <p>On January 1, 2021, the SRS was retired, and the FBI UCR Program transitioned to incident-based submissions of reported crime data to the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). For more information on the transition to NIBRS, see the <strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ecdf166c-961e-4a5e-a229-c2d473fa5ce2" href="/national-incident-based-reporting-system-nibrs" title="National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)">National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)</a></strong> program page and the <strong><a href="https://bjs.ojp.gov/programs/national-crime-statistics-exchange">National Crime Statistics Exchange (NCS-X)</a></strong> program page.<br> </p></div> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="ojp_taxonomy:recent_content" class="block block-ojp-taxonomy block-ojp-taxonomyrecent-content ojp--recent-content cta cta--with-read-more" > <div> <h3 class="cta__headline">Events and Trainings</h3> <div class="cta__callout"> <ul class="cta__items-list"> <li class="cta__item"> <a href="/events/50th-anniversary-celebration-national-crime-victimization-survey" title="50th Anniversary Celebration of the National Crime Victimization Survey" > 50th Anniversary Celebration of the National Crime Victimization Survey </a> </li> <li class="cta__item"> <a href="/events/update-ncvs-instrument-redesign-juvenile-testing-efforts" title="Update on the NCVS Instrument Redesign: Juvenile Testing Efforts" > Update on the NCVS Instrument Redesign: Juvenile Testing Efforts </a> </li> <li class="cta__item"> <a href="/events/university-maryland-ncvs-research-forum-session-3-ncvs-user-workshop" title="University of Maryland NCVS Research Forum Session 3: NCVS User Workshop" > University of Maryland NCVS Research Forum Session 3: NCVS User Workshop </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cta__read-more"> <a href="/events/upcoming?subtopic=19621">View related events and trainings</a> | <a href="/events/on-demand?subtopic=19621">View related on-demand events and training</a> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="ojp_taxonomy:recent_content" class="block block-ojp-taxonomy block-ojp-taxonomyrecent-content ojp--recent-content cta cta--with-read-more" > <div> <h3 class="cta__headline">Recent Publications</h3> <div class="cta__callout"> <ul class="cta__items-list"> <li class="cta__item"> <a href="/library/publications/trends-and-patterns-firearm-violence-1993-2023" title="Trends and Patterns in Firearm Violence, 1993-2023" > Trends and Patterns in Firearm Violence, 1993-2023 </a> </li> <li class="cta__item"> <a href="/library/publications/human-trafficking-data-collection-activities-2024" title="Human Trafficking Data Collection Activities, 2024" > Human Trafficking Data Collection Activities, 2024 </a> </li> <li class="cta__item"> <a href="/library/publications/contacts-between-police-and-public-2022" title="Contacts Between Police and the Public, 2022" > Contacts Between Police and the Public, 2022 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cta__read-more"> <a href="/library/publications/list?subtopic=19621">View related publications</a> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockvideos-multimedia-block" data-block-plugin-id="views_block:videos-multimedia_block" id="videos-multimedia-block-hjcd-nfnb0k3fgkz"> <h2>Video Listing</h2> <div> <div class="view view-videos view-id-videos view-display-id-multimedia_block js-view-dom-id-58ec938e6e2a6ab35e656af3bf093b825b1681f572f6e8ff7b91175e97100e8d"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-view-grid horizontal clearfix"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap row-1"> <div class="grid-col grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 col-1"> <div class="card" > <div class="field field--name-field-media-video-embed-field field--type-video-embed-field ojp-image card__image card__video"> <figure role="group" aria-labelledby=fig69746> <div class="field__item"> <div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube-playlist video-embed-field-responsive-video"> <iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" title="National Crime Victimization Survey Knowledge Corner Playlist" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLgdUIL_72H434XHpcT7W9RX87d_ILGWTa"></iframe> </div> </div> <figcaption id="fig69746" class="ojp-image__caption"> <p class="hero__image-credit video-legal">Review the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/static?template=terms">YouTube Terms of Service</a> and the <a href="https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/#infocollect">Google Privacy Policy</a></p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="card__body"> <h4 class="card__headline"><a href="/media/video/69746" hreflang="en">National Crime Victimization Survey Knowledge Corner Playlist</a></h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 col-2"> <div class="card" > <div class="field field--name-field-media-video-embed-field field--type-video-embed-field ojp-image card__image card__video"> <figure role="group" aria-labelledby=fig68816> <div class="field__item"> <div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video"> <iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" title="Direct Estimation Methods and the National Crime Victimization Survey" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pDJAm4eMiW4?autoplay=0&start=0&rel=0"></iframe> </div> </div> <figcaption id="fig68816" class="ojp-image__caption"> <p class="hero__image-credit video-legal">Review the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/static?template=terms">YouTube Terms of Service</a> and the <a href="https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/#infocollect">Google Privacy Policy</a></p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="card__body"> <h4 class="card__headline"><a href="/media/video/68816" hreflang="en">Direct Estimation Methods and the National Crime Victimization Survey</a></h4> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap row-2"> <div class="grid-col grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 col-1"> <div class="card" > <div class="field field--name-field-media-video-embed-field field--type-video-embed-field ojp-image card__image card__video"> <figure role="group" aria-labelledby=fig68741> <div class="field__item"> <div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video"> <iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" title="Learn More about the NCVS (Youth Participants, Spanish)" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/V_aK8BSnnaA?autoplay=0&start=0&rel=0"></iframe> </div> </div> <figcaption id="fig68741" class="ojp-image__caption"> <p class="hero__image-credit video-legal">Review the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/static?template=terms">YouTube Terms of Service</a> and the <a href="https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/#infocollect">Google Privacy Policy</a></p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="card__body"> <h4 class="card__headline"><a href="/media/video/68741" hreflang="en">Learn More about the NCVS (Youth Participants, Spanish)</a></h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 col-2"> <div class="card" > <div class="field field--name-field-media-video-embed-field field--type-video-embed-field ojp-image card__image card__video"> <figure role="group" aria-labelledby=fig68731> <div class="field__item"> <div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video"> <iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" title="Learn More about the NCVS (Youth Participants, English)" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jlHTdiUP0dg?autoplay=0&start=0&rel=0"></iframe> </div> </div> <figcaption id="fig68731" class="ojp-image__caption"> <p class="hero__image-credit video-legal">Review the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/static?template=terms">YouTube Terms of Service</a> and the <a href="https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/#infocollect">Google Privacy Policy</a></p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="card__body"> <h4 class="card__headline"><a href="/media/video/68731" hreflang="en">Learn More about the NCVS (Youth Participants, English)</a></h4> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="more-link"> <a href="/library/multimedia/list?subtopic=19621">View related videos</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="ojp_taxonomy:recent_content" class="block block-ojp-taxonomy block-ojp-taxonomyrecent-content ojp--recent-content cta cta--with-read-more" > <div> <h3 class="cta__headline">Recent Data Collections</h3> <div class="cta__callout"> <ul class="cta__items-list"> <li class="cta__item"> <a href="/data-collection/ncvs" title="National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)" > National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) </a> </li> <li class="cta__item"> <a href="/data-collection/police-public-contact-survey-ppcs" title="Police-Public Contact Survey (PPCS)" > Police-Public Contact Survey (PPCS) </a> </li> <li class="cta__item"> <a href="/data-collection/city-level-survey-crime-victimization-and-citizen-attitudes" title="City-Level Survey of Crime Victimization and Citizen Attitudes" > City-Level Survey of Crime Victimization and Citizen Attitudes </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cta__read-more"> <a href="/data-collections/search?subtopic=19621">View related Data Collections</a> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="ojp_taxonomy:recent_faqs" class="block block-ojp-taxonomy block-ojp-taxonomyrecent-faqs ojp--recent-faqs ojp--recent-content"> <div class="usa-accordion" aria-label="accordion-group"> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="recent-faqs-what-is-nonfatal-firearm-violence" type="button"> What is nonfatal firearm violence? </button> </h2> <div id="recent-faqs-what-is-nonfatal-firearm-violence" class="usa-accordion__content ui-widget-content" hidden> <p>Nonfatal firearm violence includes rape or sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault victimizations in which the offender had, showed, or used a firearm.</p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-accordion" aria-label="accordion-group"> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="recent-faqs-how-many-persons-are-victims-of-crime-in-a-given" type="button"> How many persons are victims of crime in a given year? </button> </h2> <div id="recent-faqs-how-many-persons-are-victims-of-crime-in-a-given" class="usa-accordion__content ui-widget-content" hidden> <p>The number and percentage of unique persons who are victims of violent crime (prevalence of violent crime) and the number and percentage of unique households that are victims of property crime (prevalence of property crime) can be found using the <a href="https://bjs.ojp.gov/data-collection/ncvs">National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)</a>. See the Criminal Victimization <a href="https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/list?series_filter=Criminal%20Victimization">series</a> for prevalence rates by year. See <a href="https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/new-measure-prevalence-national-crime-victimization-survey"><em>A New Measure of Prevalence for the National Crime Victimization Survey</em></a> for more information on the measurement of prevalence using the NCVS.</p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-accordion" aria-label="accordion-group"> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="recent-faqs-what-is-a-victimization" type="button"> What is a victimization? </button> </h2> <div id="recent-faqs-what-is-a-victimization" class="usa-accordion__content ui-widget-content" hidden> <p>A victimization is a single victim or household that experiences a criminal incident. Criminal incidents or crimes are distinguished from victimizations in that one criminal incident may have multiple victims or victimizations. For violent crimes (rape/sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault) and for personal theft/larceny, the count of victimizations is the number of individuals who experienced a violent crime. For crimes against households (burglary, trespassing, other theft, and motor vehicle theft), each household affected by a crime is counted as a single victimization.</p> </div> </div> <div class="read-more"> <a href="/faq/list?subtopic=19621">View all related FAQs</a> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockglossary-terms-block-2" data-block-plugin-id="views_block:glossary_terms-block_2" id="glossary-terms-block-2-xteasgl1yjklfvaf"> <h2>Terms & Definitions</h2> <div> <div class="view view-glossary-terms view-id-glossary_terms view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-757a55f5b5788d178dd50e98152f2b81f421d6644cf2414718dccea226a49ca9"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Assault</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>An unlawful physical attack or threat of attack. Assaults may be classified as aggravated or simple. Rape, attempted rape, and sexual assaults are excluded from this category, as well as robbery and attempted robbery. The severity of assaults ranges from minor threats to nearly fatal incidents.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Incident</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">A specific criminal act involving one or more victims and offenders. For example, if two people are robbed at the same time and place, this is classified as two robbery victimizations but only one robbery incident.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Multiple offenders</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">Two or more persons inflicting some direct harm to a victim. The victim-offender relationship is determined by the offender with the closest relationship to the victim. The following list ranks the different relationships from closest to most distant: spouse, former spouse, parent, child, other relative, nonrelative well known person, casual acquaintance, or stranger. See "Nonstranger" and "Stranger."</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Personal crimes</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">Rape, sexual assault, personal robbery, assault, purse snatching, and pocket picking. This category includes both attempted and completed crimes.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Victimization</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>A crime as it affects one individual person or household. For personal crimes, the number of victimizations is equal to the number of victims involved. The number of victimizations may be greater than the number of incidents because more than one person may be victimized during an incident. Each crime against a household is assumed to involve a single victim, the affected household.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="modification_notes" class="block block-ojp-core block-modification-notes modification-notes"> <div class="modification-notes__divider"></div> <div class="modification-notes__note_date modification-notes__note_created">Date Created: February 18, 2021</div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <nav aria-labelledby="-menu" data-block-plugin-id="menu_block:main" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="-menu">Side navigation</h2> <ul class="usa-sidenav"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--level-0"> <a href="/topics/corrections"> <span>Corrections</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--level-0"> <a href="/topics/costs-crime"> <span>Costs of Crime</span> </a> </li> <li 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