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Glossary | Bureau of Justice Statistics
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class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Adjudication</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">The act of a court in making an order, judgment, or decree.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Admissions</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">All persons booked into and housed in jail facilities by formal legal document and the authority of the courts or some other official agency, including repeat offenders booked on new charges and persons sentenced to weekend programs or entering the facility for the first time. They exclude inmates re-entering the facility after an escape, work release, medical appointment, stay in a treatment facility, and bail or court appearance.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Age</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The respondent’s age on the last day of the month before the interview. The NCVS collects information on household members age 12 or older.</p><p>The data visualization tool uses this coding for age:</p><ul><li>12 to 14</li><li>15 to 17</li><li>18 to 20</li><li>21 to 24</li><li>25 to 34</li><li>35 to 49</li><li>50 to 64</li><li>65 or older</li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Age category</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">The appropriate age category is determined by the respondent's age on the last day of the month preceding the interview.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Aggravated assault</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>An attack or attempted attack with a weapon, regardless of whether the victim is injured, or an attack without a weapon when serious injury results.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Annual household income</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">The total household income for the 12 months preceding the interview. Includes wages, salaries, net income from businesses or farms, pensions, interest, dividends, rent, and any other source of monetary income of the head of household and all household members.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Appellate Courts</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">Any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Arrest</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">The act of detaining in legal custody. An "arrest" is the deprivation of a person's liberty by legal authority in response to a criminal charge.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Assault</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>An unlawful physical attack or threat of attack. Assaults may be classified as aggravated or simple. Rape, attempted rape, and sexual assaults are excluded from this category, as well as robbery and attempted robbery. The severity of assaults ranges from minor threats to nearly fatal incidents.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Assigned counsel</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">The appointment from a list of private bar members who accept cases on a judge-by-judge, court-by-court, or case-by-case basis. This may include an administrative component and a set of rules and guidelines governing the appointment and processing of cases handled by the private bar members.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">An automated system for searching fingerprint files and transmitting fingerprint images. AFIS computer equipment can scan fingerprint impressions (or utilize electronically transmitted fingerprint images) and automatically extract and digitize ridge details and other identifying characteristics in sufficient detail to enable the computer's searching and matching components to distinguish a single fingerprint from thousands or even millions of fingerprints previously scanned and stored in digital form in the computer's memory. The process eliminates the manual searching of fingerprint files and increases the speed and accuracy of ten-print processing (arrest fingerprint cards and noncriminal justice applicant fingerprint cards). AFIS equipment also can be used to identify individuals from "latent" (crime scene) fingerprints, with even fragmentary prints of single fingers in some cases. Digital fingerprint images generated by AFIS equipment can be transmitted electronically to remote sites, eliminating the necessity of mailing fingerprint cards and providing remote access to AFIS fingerprint files.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Average annual change</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Average (mean) annual change across a specific period.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Average daily population</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">The sum of inmates in jail each day for a year, divided by the number of days in the year.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Bench trial (nonjury trial)</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">A trial held in the absence of a jury and decided by a judge culminating in a judgment for the plaintiff(s) or defendant(s).</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Body armor</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">A protective piece designed to stop projectiles. Body armor can provide protection against a significant number of types of handgun ammunition, but unfortunately there is no such thing as bulletproof armor.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Burglary/trespassing</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">Includes unlawful or forcible entry or attempted entry of places, including a permanent residence, other residence (e.g., a hotel room or vacation residence), or other structure (e.g., a garage or shed). Includes victimizations where the offender stole, attempted to steal, or did not attempt to steal. Does not include trespassing on land. <blockquote>Burglary - Includes only crimes where the offender committed or attempted a theft.<p> Trespassing - Includes crimes where the offender did not commit or attempt a theft. Does not include trespassing on land. </p></blockquote></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Business</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">A company, service or membership organization consisting of one or more establishments under common ownership or control. For this survey, major subsidiaries were treated as separate businesses.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capacity, design</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The number of inmates that planners or architects intended for a facility.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capacity, highest</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The maximum number of beds reported across the three capacity measures: design capacity, operational capacity, and rated capacity.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capacity, lowest</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The minimum number of beds across three capacity measures: design capacity, operational capacity, and rated capacity.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capacity, operational</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The number of inmates that can be accommodated based on a facility's staff, existing programs, and services.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capacity, rated</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The number of beds or inmates assigned by a rating official to institutions within a jurisdiction.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capital cases</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">Crimes that can result in a death penalty.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capital punishment</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Capital punishment refers to the process of sentencing convicted offenders to death for the most serious crimes (capital crimes) and carrying out that sentence. The specific offenses and circumstances that determine if a crime is eligible for a death sentence are defined by statute and are prescribed by Congress or any state legislature.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article class="listing-item listing-item--glossary listing-item-row"> <div class="listing-item__content_wrapper"> <h3 class="listing-item__title"> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Cause of death</span> </h3> <div class="listing-item__wrapper"> <div class="listing-item__content"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">A description of the specific factors leading to the termination of the biological functions that sustain life.</div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <nav class="usa-pagination" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="pagination-heading--4"> <h4 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