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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sub-divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sub-divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allerdale_above_Derwent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allerdale_above_Derwent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Allerdale above Derwent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allerdale_above_Derwent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allerdale_below_Derwent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allerdale_below_Derwent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Allerdale below Derwent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allerdale_below_Derwent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eskdale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eskdale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Eskdale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eskdale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Leath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cumberland_Ward" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cumberland_Ward"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Cumberland Ward</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cumberland_Ward-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government_from_the_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government_from_the_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Local government from the 19th century</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Local_government_from_the_19th_century-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Local government from the 19th century subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Local_government_from_the_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poor_law_and_municipal_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poor_law_and_municipal_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Poor law and municipal reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poor_law_and_municipal_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_boards_and_sanitary_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_boards_and_sanitary_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Local boards and sanitary districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_boards_and_sanitary_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government_acts_of_1888_and_1894" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government_acts_of_1888_and_1894"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Local government acts of 1888 and 1894</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government_acts_of_1888_and_1894-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reform_in_1934" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform_in_1934"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Reform in 1934</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_in_1934-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cumberland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbraland" title="Cumbraland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cumbraland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="کامبرلند، آیووا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کامبرلند، آیووا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Камберленд (графства) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камберленд (графства)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Къмбърланд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Къмбърланд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_(England)" title="Cumberland (England) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cumberland (England)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="کامبرلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کامبرلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_(comt%C3%A9)" title="Cumberland (comté) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cumberland (comté)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%B4%EB%B2%8C%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_(%EC%9E%89%EA%B8%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C)" title="컴벌랜드 (잉글랜드) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="컴벌랜드 (잉글랜드)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_(Regno_Unito)" title="Cumberland (Regno Unito) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cumberland (Regno Unito)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamberlandas_(Anglija)" title="Kamberlandas (Anglija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kamberlandas (Anglija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_(graafschap)" title="Cumberland (graafschap) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cumberland (graafschap)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="カンバーランド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カンバーランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coberlanda" title="Coberlanda – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Coberlanda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_(hrabstwo_w_Anglii)" title="Cumberland (hrabstwo w Anglii) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cumberland (hrabstwo w Anglii)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Камберленд (графство) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Камберленд (графство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_(Anglicko)" title="Cumberland (Anglicko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cumberland (Anglicko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_(Englanti)" title="Cumberland (Englanti) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cumberland (Englanti)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_(%C4%B0ngiltere)" title="Cumberland (İngiltere) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cumberland (İngiltere)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Камберленд (графство) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Камберленд (графство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="کمبرلینڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کمبرلینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cumberland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cumberland&params=54_45_N_3_00_W_region:GB_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.750°N 3.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.750; -3.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic county of England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the historic county. For the unitary authority from 2023, see <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(unitary_authority)" title="Cumberland (unitary authority)">Cumberland (unitary authority)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cumberland (disambiguation)">Cumberland (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Cumbernauld" title="Cumbernauld">Cumbernauld</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Cumberland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic county</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skiddaw_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Skiddaw_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/238px-Skiddaw_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Skiddaw_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/357px-Skiddaw_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, 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data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlisle_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2530219.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Carlisle_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2530219.jpg/124px-Carlisle_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2530219.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Carlisle_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2530219.jpg/186px-Carlisle_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2530219.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Carlisle_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2530219.jpg/248px-Carlisle_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2530219.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Skiddaw" title="Skiddaw">Skiddaw</a>; <a href="/wiki/River_Esk_(Ravenglass)" title="River Esk (Ravenglass)">River Esk</a>; <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Castle" title="Carlisle Castle">Carlisle Castle</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cumberland,_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of"><img alt="Flag of" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Cumberland%2C_United_Kingdom.svg/125px-Flag_of_Cumberland%2C_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Cumberland%2C_United_Kingdom.svg/188px-Flag_of_Cumberland%2C_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Cumberland%2C_United_Kingdom.svg/250px-Flag_of_Cumberland%2C_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2960" data-file-height="1776" /></a></span></div> </div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cumberland" title="Flag of Cumberland">Flag</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumberland_en_1851.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cumberland_en_1851.svg/220px-Cumberland_en_1851.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cumberland_en_1851.svg/330px-Cumberland_en_1851.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cumberland_en_1851.svg/440px-Cumberland_en_1851.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> • 1831</span></th><td class="infobox-data">969,490 acres (3,923.4 km<sup>2</sup>)1831 Census cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/census/table_page.jsp?tab_id=GB1831ABS_M%5B1%5D&u_id=10001043&show=DB&min_c=1&max_c=5">Vision of Britain</a> – Ancient county data</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1911</span></th><td class="infobox-data">973,086 acres (3,937.94 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1961</span></th><td class="infobox-data">973,146 acres (3,938.18 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1911</span></th><td class="infobox-data">265,746 Vision of Britain – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10134810&c_id=10001043&add=N">Cumberland population</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_rate_page.jsp?u_id=10134810&c_id=10001043&data_theme=T_POP&id=0">density</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_AREA_A&u_id=10134810&c_id=10001043&add=Y">area</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1961</span></th><td class="infobox-data">294,303</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Density</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1911</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.27/acre (0.67/ha)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1961</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.3/acre (0.74/ha)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Origin</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Created</span></th><td class="infobox-data">12th Century</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic county</a> (current) <a href="/wiki/Administrative_county" title="Administrative county">Administrative county</a> (1889–1974)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a> (until 1974)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chapman_code" title="Chapman code">Chapman code</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">CUL</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County_Council,_England" title="Cumberland County Council, England">Cumberland County Council</a> (1889–1974)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">HQ</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Carlisle</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Cumberland_County_Council.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Arms_of_Cumberland_County_Council.svg/100px-Arms_of_Cumberland_County_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Arms_of_Cumberland_County_Council.svg/150px-Arms_of_Cumberland_County_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Arms_of_Cumberland_County_Council.svg/200px-Arms_of_Cumberland_County_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="803" data-file-height="997" /></a></span><br /><i>Arms of Cumberland County Council</i><br /></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Type</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_(county_division)" title="Hundred (county division)">Wards</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Units</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Cumberland</li> <li>Eskdale</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allerdale" title="Allerdale">Allerdale</a> Above Derwent</li> <li>Allerdale Below Derwent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leath" title="Leath">Leath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumberland_Wards.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wards of Cumberland"><img alt="Wards of Cumberland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Cumberland_Wards.svg/140px-Cumberland_Wards.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Cumberland_Wards.svg/210px-Cumberland_Wards.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Cumberland_Wards.svg/280px-Cumberland_Wards.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="1298" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cumberland</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KUM</span>-bər-lənd</i></a>) is an area of <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a> which was <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">historically a county</a>. The county was bordered by <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a> to the north-east, <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a> to the south-east, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> to the south, and the <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> counties of <a href="/wiki/Dumfriesshire" title="Dumfriesshire">Dumfriesshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roxburghshire" title="Roxburghshire">Roxburghshire</a> to the north. The area includes the city of <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Pennines" title="North Pennines">North Pennines</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Solway_Firth" title="Solway Firth">Solway Firth</a> coastline. </p><p>Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> with <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a> as well as parts of <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>. It gives its name to the <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitary authority area">unitary authority area</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(unitary_authority)" title="Cumberland (unitary authority)">Cumberland</a>, which has similar boundaries but excludes <a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>, Cumbria was part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Strathclyde" title="Kingdom of Strathclyde">Kingdom of Strathclyde</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hen_Ogledd" title="Hen Ogledd">Hen Ogledd</a>, or "Old North", and its people spoke a <a href="/wiki/Brittonic_languages" title="Brittonic languages">Brittonic language</a> now called <a href="/wiki/Cumbric" title="Cumbric">Cumbric</a>. The first record of the term 'Cumberland' appears in AD 945, when the <i><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></i> recorded that the area was ceded to <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm I">Malcolm I</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs" title="List of Scottish monarchs">king of Alba</a> (Scotland), by King <a href="/wiki/Edmund_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund I of England">Edmund I of England</a>. As with <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">'Cymru'</i></span>, the native <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> name for <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, the names 'Cumberland' and 'Cumbria' are derived from <i>kombroges</i> in <a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Common Brittonic</a>, which originally meant "compatriots".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Davies_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> (AD 1086) most of the future county was part of Scotland, although some villages around <a href="/wiki/Millom" title="Millom">Millom</a>, which were the possessions of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Northumbria" title="Earl of Northumbria">Earl of Northumbria</a>, had been incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In AD 1092, King <a href="/wiki/William_Rufus" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rufus">William Rufus</a> of England invaded the Carlisle district, settling it with colonists. He created an Earldom of Carlisle, and granted the territory to <a href="/wiki/Ranulf_le_Meschin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranulf le Meschin">Ranulf le Meschin</a>. In 1133, Carlisle was made the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">see</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Carlisle" title="Diocese of Carlisle">a new diocese</a>, largely identical with the area of the earldom. However, on the death of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I of England</a> in 1135, the area was regained by King <a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" title="David I of Scotland">David I of Scotland</a>. He was able to consolidate his power and made Carlisle one of his chief seats of government, while England descended into a lengthy <a href="/wiki/The_Anarchy" title="The Anarchy">civil war</a>. The Cumbric language is believed to have become extinct in the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westmorlandia_Cumberlandia_Atlas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Westmorlandia_Cumberlandia_Atlas.jpg/250px-Westmorlandia_Cumberlandia_Atlas.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Westmorlandia_Cumberlandia_Atlas.jpg/375px-Westmorlandia_Cumberlandia_Atlas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Westmorlandia_Cumberlandia_Atlas.jpg/500px-Westmorlandia_Cumberlandia_Atlas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8880" data-file-height="7001" /></a><figcaption>Hand-drawn map of Westmoreland and Cumberland by Christopher Saxton from 1576</figcaption></figure> <p>The area returned to the English crown in 1157, when <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a> took possession of the area (from <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm IV">Malcolm IV of Scotland</a>). Henry II formed two new counties from the former earldom: <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a> and Carliol – originally an abbreviation of the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Carlioliensis</i></span> '[bishop] of Carlisle'. Westmorland also included areas formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/Earldom_of_Lancaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Earldom of Lancaster">Earldom of Lancaster</a>. The lead- and silver-mining area of <a href="/wiki/Alston_Moor" title="Alston Moor">Alston</a>, previously associated with the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(division)" title="Liberty (division)">Liberty of Tynedale</a> was later also added to the new county of Carliol for financial reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1177, Carliol had become known as Cumberland.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The border between England and Scotland was made permanent by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_York" title="Treaty of York">Treaty of York</a> in 1237. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The boundaries formed in the 12th century were not changed substantially over the county's existence. There are four English historic counties and two Scottish counties that it borders: <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a> to the east; <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a> to the south, the <a href="/wiki/Furness" title="Furness">Furness</a> part of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> to the southwest; <a href="/wiki/Dumfriesshire" title="Dumfriesshire">Dumfriesshire</a> to the north and <a href="/wiki/Roxburghshire" title="Roxburghshire">Roxburghshire</a> to the northeast. </p><p>To the west the county is bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Solway_Firth" title="Solway Firth">Solway Firth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>. The northern boundary is formed by the <a href="/wiki/Solway_Firth" title="Solway Firth">Solway Estuary</a> and the border with Scotland running east to Scotch Knowe at Kershope Burn. The boundary runs south from Scotch Knowe along the <a href="/wiki/Cheviot_Hills" title="Cheviot Hills">Cheviot Hills</a>, then followed a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/River_Irthing" title="River Irthing">River Irthing</a> and crossed Denton Fell to the <a href="/wiki/River_Tees" title="River Tees">River Tees</a>. From Tees Head the boundary crosses the <a href="/wiki/Pennines" title="Pennines">Pennines</a> to descend Crowdundale Beck, from where it followed the <a href="/wiki/River_Eden,_Cumbria" title="River Eden, Cumbria">rivers Eden</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Eamont" title="River Eamont">Eamont</a> to the centre of <a href="/wiki/Ullswater" title="Ullswater">Ullswater</a>. The line follows Glencoin Beck to the top of <a href="/wiki/Helvellyn" title="Helvellyn">Helvellyn</a> ridge at <a href="/wiki/Wrynose_Pass" title="Wrynose Pass">Wrynose Pass</a> and along the <a href="/wiki/River_Duddon" title="River Duddon">River Duddon</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Millom" title="Millom">Millom</a>) to the sea . </p><p>The highest point of the county is <a href="/wiki/Scafell_Pike" title="Scafell Pike">Scafell Pike</a>, at 3,208 feet (978 m), the highest mountain in England. <a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle, Cumbria">Carlisle</a> is the <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sub-divisions">Sub-divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sub-divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1824.cumberland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gray1824.cumberland.jpg/200px-Gray1824.cumberland.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gray1824.cumberland.jpg/300px-Gray1824.cumberland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gray1824.cumberland.jpg/400px-Gray1824.cumberland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>Map of Cumberland showing wards, 1824</figcaption></figure> <p>The Earldom of Carlisle was partitioned into baronies. When the County of Cumberland was created, the baronies were subdivided as <a href="/wiki/Ward_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (politics)">wards</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hundred_(division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hundred (division)">county sub-division</a> also used in <a href="/wiki/County_of_Durham" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Durham">Durham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a>. These originated as military subdivisions used to organise the male inhabitants for the county's defence from Scottish troop incursions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each ward was composed of a number of parishes, areas originally formed for ecclesiastical administration. In common with other northern England counties, many <a href="/wiki/Ancient_parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient parish">ancient parishes</a> in Cumberland were very large, often consisting of a number of distinct townships and hamlets. Many of these ancient parishes eventually became <a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">civil parishes</a> and form the lowest level of local government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Allerdale_above_Derwent">Allerdale above Derwent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Allerdale above Derwent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parishes<sup id="cite_ref-1821parishes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1821parishes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arlecdon" title="Arlecdon">Arlecdon</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beckermet" title="Beckermet">Beckermet</a> St John </td> <td>Included part of township of Calder & Beckermet or Calderbridge </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beckermet St Bridget </td> <td>Included townships of <a href="/wiki/Ennerdale_Bridge" title="Ennerdale Bridge">Ennerdale</a> & Kinniside, Eskdale & Wasdale </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bootle,_Cumbria" title="Bootle, Cumbria">Bootle</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigham,_Cumbria" title="Brigham, Cumbria">Brigham</a> </td> <td>Included townships of <a href="/wiki/Blindbothel" title="Blindbothel">Blindbothel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buttermere" title="Buttermere">Buttermere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cockermouth" title="Cockermouth">Cockermouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eaglesfield,_Cumbria" title="Eaglesfield, Cumbria">Eaglesfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embleton,_Cumbria" title="Embleton, Cumbria">Embleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greysouthen" title="Greysouthen">Greysouthen</a>, Mosser, Setmurthey, Whinfell </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleator" title="Cleator">Cleator</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Corney" title="Corney">Corney</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crosthwaite (part) </td> <td>Included township of <a href="/wiki/Borrowdale" title="Borrowdale">Borrowdale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dean,_Cumbria" title="Dean, Cumbria">Dean</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Drigg" title="Drigg">Drigg and Carlton</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egremont,_Cumbria" title="Egremont, Cumbria">Egremont</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gosforth,_Cumbria" title="Gosforth, Cumbria">Gosforth</a> </td> <td>Included township of Bolton </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haile,_Cumbria" title="Haile, Cumbria">Haile</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harrington,_Cumbria" title="Harrington, Cumbria">Harrington</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irton_with_Santon" title="Irton with Santon">Irton with Santon</a> </td> <td>Included township of Santon & Murthwaite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamplugh" title="Lamplugh">Lamplugh</a> </td> <td>Included townships of Kelton & Winder, Murton </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lorton,_Cumbria" title="Lorton, Cumbria">Lorton</a> </td> <td>Included townships of Brackenthwaite, Wythop </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Loweswater_(village)" title="Loweswater (village)">Loweswater</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Millom" title="Millom">Millom</a> </td> <td>Included hamlet of Birker with Austhwaite, township of Ulpha </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moresby,_Cumbria" title="Moresby, Cumbria">Moresby</a> </td> <td>Included township of Parton </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muncaster" title="Muncaster">Muncaster</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ponsonby,_Cumbria" title="Ponsonby, Cumbria">Ponsonby</a> </td> <td>Included part of township of Calder & Beckermet or Calderbridge </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St_Bees" title="St Bees">St Bees</a> </td> <td>Include townships of Hensingham, Lowside Quarter, Netherwasdale, Preston Quarter, Rottington, Sandwith, Wheddicarr, <a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Whitehaven</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waberthwaite,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Waberthwaite, Cumbria">Waberthwaite</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whicham" title="Whicham">Whicham</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitbeck,_Cumbria" title="Whitbeck, Cumbria">Whitbeck</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a> </td> <td>Included townships of Great Clifton, Little Clifton, Stainburn, Winscales </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Allerdale_below_Derwent">Allerdale below Derwent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Allerdale below Derwent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parishes<sup id="cite_ref-1821parishes_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1821parishes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Allhallows,_Cumbria" title="Allhallows, Cumbria">Allhallows</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aspatria" title="Aspatria">Aspatria</a> </td> <td>Including townships of Hayton & Mealo, Oughterside & Allerby </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bassenthwaite" title="Bassenthwaite">Bassenthwaite</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boltons" title="Boltons">Bolton</a> </td> <td>Including townships of Bolton Gate, Bolton Wood & Quarry Hill, Bolton Lowside, Isel Old Park, Sunderland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bridekirk" title="Bridekirk">Bridekirk</a> </td> <td>Including townships of Dovenby, Great Broughton, Little Broughton </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromfield,_Cumbria" title="Bromfield, Cumbria">Bromfield</a> (part) </td> <td>Including townships of <a href="/wiki/Allonby" title="Allonby">Allonby</a>, Langrigg & Mealrigg, <a href="/wiki/Papcastle" title="Papcastle">Papcastle</a>, Tallentire, Westnewton </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caldbeck" title="Caldbeck">Caldbeck</a> (part) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Camerton,_Cumbria" title="Camerton, Cumbria">Camerton</a> </td> <td>Including township of Seaton </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crosscanonby" title="Crosscanonby">Crosscanonby</a> </td> <td>Including townships of Birkby & Canonby, Blennerhasset & Kirkland, Crosby, Maryport </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crosthwaite (part) </td> <td>Included townships of Castlerigg St John's & Wythburn, <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a>, Ribton, Underskiddaw </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dearham" title="Dearham">Dearham</a> </td> <td>Including township of Ellenborough & Ewanrigg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flimby" title="Flimby">Flimby</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilcrux" title="Gilcrux">Gilcrux</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abbeytown" title="Abbeytown">Holme Cultram</a> </td> <td>Including townships of Abbey Quarter (or Holme Abbey), Holme East Waver Quarter, Holme St Cuthbert's Quarter, Holme Low Quarter </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ireby,_Cumbria" title="Ireby, Cumbria">Ireby</a> </td> <td>Including townships of High Ireby, Low Ireby </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isel,_Cumbria" title="Isel, Cumbria">Isel</a> </td> <td>Including township of Blindcrake and Redmain </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plumbland" title="Plumbland">Plumbland</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Torpenhow" class="mw-redirect" title="Torpenhow">Torpenhow</a> </td> <td>Including townships of <a href="/wiki/Bewaldeth_and_Snittlegarth" title="Bewaldeth and Snittlegarth">Bewaldeth and Snittlegarth</a>, Bothel & Thrupland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uldale" title="Uldale">Uldale</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Ward </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eskdale">Eskdale</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eskdale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parishes<sup id="cite_ref-1821parishes_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1821parishes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthuret" title="Arthuret">Arthuret</a> </td> <td>Included townships of Braconhill, Lineside, <a href="/wiki/Longtown,_Cumbria" title="Longtown, Cumbria">Longtown</a>, Netherby </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bewcastle" title="Bewcastle">Bewcastle</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brampton,_Carlisle,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Brampton, Carlisle, Cumbria">Brampton</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Castle_Carrock" title="Castle Carrock">Castle Carrock</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crosby-on-Eden" title="Crosby-on-Eden">Crosby</a> </td> <td>High & Low </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumrew" title="Cumrew">Cumrew</a> </td> <td>Outside and Inside </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumwhitton" title="Cumwhitton">Cumwhitton</a> </td> <td>Included township of Northsceugh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Farlam" title="Farlam">East Farlam</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hayton,_Carlisle" title="Hayton, Carlisle">Hayton</a> </td> <td>Included townships of Little Crosby, Fenton & Faugh, Talkin </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irthington" title="Irthington">Irthington</a> </td> <td>Included townships of <a href="/wiki/Kingwater" title="Kingwater">Kingwater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laversdale" title="Laversdale">Laversdale</a>, Newby, Newtown </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingmoor" title="Kingmoor">Kingmoor</a> (hamlet) </td> <td>Extra-parochial liberty belonging to the Corporation of Carlisle </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirkandrews_upon_Esk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkandrews upon Esk">Kirkandrews upon Esk</a> </td> <td>Included townships of Kirkandrews Moat, Kirkandrews Nether Quarter, Kirkandrews Upper Quarter, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichol_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nichol Forest (page does not exist)">Nichol Forest</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirklinton" title="Kirklinton">Kirklinton</a> </td> <td>Included townships of <a href="/wiki/Hethersgill" title="Hethersgill">Hethersgill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westlinton" title="Westlinton">Westlinton</a> (or Levington) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanercost" title="Lanercost">Lanercost</a> </td> <td>Included townships of Askerton, Burtholme & Banks, Lineside </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nether_Denton" title="Nether Denton">Nether Denton</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scaleby" title="Scaleby">Scaleby</a> </td> <td>East and West </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanwix" title="Stanwix">Stanwix</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stapleton,_Cumbria" title="Stapleton, Cumbria">Stapleton</a> </td> <td>Included townships of Belbank, Solport Quarter, Trough </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Denton" title="Upper Denton">Upper Denton</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Walton,_Cumbria" title="Walton, Cumbria">Walton</a> </td> <td>High and Low </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Farlam" title="Farlam">West Farlam</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Leath">Leath</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Leath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Leath" title="Leath">Leath</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parishes<sup id="cite_ref-1821parishes_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1821parishes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Addingham,_Cumbria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Addingham, Cumbria (page does not exist)">Addingham</a> </td> <td>Included townships of <a href="/wiki/Gamblesby" title="Gamblesby">Gamblesby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glassonby" title="Glassonby">Glassonby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunsonby" title="Hunsonby">Hunsonby</a> & <a href="/wiki/Winskill" class="mw-redirect" title="Winskill">Winskill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ainstable" title="Ainstable">Ainstable and Rushcroft</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alston_with_Garrigill" class="mw-redirect" title="Alston with Garrigill">Alston with Garrigill</a> </td> <td>Included the <a href="/wiki/Chapelry" title="Chapelry">Chapelry</a> of <a href="/wiki/Garrigill" title="Garrigill">Garrigill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Caldbeck (part) </td> <td>Township of <a href="/wiki/Mosedale,_Cumbria" title="Mosedale, Cumbria">Mosedale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carlisle, St Mary's (part) </td> <td>Township of Middlesceugh & Braithwaite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Castle_Sowerby" title="Castle Sowerby">Castle Sowerby</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Croglin" title="Croglin">Croglin</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dacre,_Cumbria" title="Dacre, Cumbria">Dacre</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edenhall" title="Edenhall">Edenhall</a> </td> <td>Included township of <a href="/wiki/Langwathby" title="Langwathby">Langwathby</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Salkeld" title="Great Salkeld">Great Salkeld</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greystoke,_Cumbria" title="Greystoke, Cumbria">Greystoke</a> </td> <td>Included townships of Berrier & Murrah, Bowscale, <a href="/wiki/Hutton,_Cumbria" title="Hutton, Cumbria">Hutton John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hutton_Roof,_Eden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutton Roof, Eden">Hutton Roof</a>, Hutton Soil, <a href="/wiki/Matterdale" title="Matterdale">Matterdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mungrisdale" title="Mungrisdale">Mungrisdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Threlkeld" title="Threlkeld">Threlkeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Watermillock" title="Watermillock">Watermillock</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hesket,_Cumbria" title="Hesket, Cumbria">Hesket in the Forest</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hutton_in_the_Forest" title="Hutton in the Forest">Hutton in the Forest</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirkland,_Eden" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkland, Eden">Kirkland</a> </td> <td>Included townships of <a href="/wiki/Culgaith" title="Culgaith">Culgaith</a>, Kirkland & <a href="/wiki/Blencarn" title="Blencarn">Blencarn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirkoswald,_Cumbria" title="Kirkoswald, Cumbria">Kirkoswald</a> </td> <td>Included township of <a href="/wiki/Staffield" title="Staffield">Staffield</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lazonby" title="Lazonby">Lazonby</a> </td> <td>Included township of <a href="/wiki/Plumpton,_Cumbria" title="Plumpton, Cumbria">Plumpton Wall</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melmerby,_Cumbria" title="Melmerby, Cumbria">Melmerby</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newton_Reigny" title="Newton Reigny">Newton Reigny</a> </td> <td>Included township of <a href="/wiki/Catterlen" title="Catterlen">Catterlen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ousby" title="Ousby">Ousby</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Renwick,_Cumbria" title="Renwick, Cumbria">Renwick</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Skirwith" title="Skirwith">Skirwith</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cumberland_Ward">Cumberland Ward<span class="anchor" id="Ward_of_Cumberland"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cumberland Ward"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cumberland Ward included <a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle, Cumbria">Carlisle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wigton" title="Wigton">Wigton</a> as well as parts of <a href="/wiki/Inglewood_Forest" title="Inglewood Forest">Inglewood Forest</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stanwix" title="Stanwix">Stanwix</a> just to the north of <a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle, Cumbria">Carlisle</a> was partly in both Eskdale and Cumberland wards. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parishes<sup id="cite_ref-1821parishes_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1821parishes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aikton" title="Aikton">Aikton</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Cumbria" title="Beaumont, Cumbria">Beaumont</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bowness-on-Solway" title="Bowness-on-Solway">Bowness</a> </td> <td>Included townships of Anthorn, Drumburg, Fingland </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bromfield (part) </td> <td>Included townships of Blencogo, Dundraw </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burgh_by_Sands" title="Burgh by Sands">Burgh by Sands</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle, Cumbria">Carlisle</a>, St Mary's (part)* </td> <td>Townships of Caldewgate Quarter, Cummersdale Quarter, <a href="/wiki/Wreay" title="Wreay">Wreay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carlisle St Mary Within* </td> <td>Included township of Rickergate Quarter </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carlisle St Cuthbert's Within* </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carlisle St Cuthbert's Without* </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dalston,_Cumbria" title="Dalston, Cumbria">Dalston</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eaglesfield Abbey* </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grinsdale" title="Grinsdale">Grinsdale</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirkandrews_upon_Eden" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkandrews upon Eden">Kirkandrews upon Eden</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirkbampton" title="Kirkbampton">Kirkbampton</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirkbride,_Cumbria" title="Kirkbride, Cumbria">Kirkbride</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orton,_Carlisle" class="mw-redirect" title="Orton, Carlisle">Orton</a> </td> <td>Included township of Baldwinholme </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockcliffe,_Cumbria" title="Rockcliffe, Cumbria">Rockcliffe</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sebergham" title="Sebergham">Sebergham</a> </td> <td>Low and High Quarters </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thursby" title="Thursby">Thursby</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warwick,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Warwick, Cumbria">Warwick</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wetheral" title="Wetheral">Wetheral</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wigton" title="Wigton">Wigton</a> </td> <td>Included townships of Oulton Water, Waverton High & Low, Woodside Quarter </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>* Parts or all of these parishes and townships constituted the City of Carlisle, and were largely outside the jurisdiction of Cumberland Ward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_government_from_the_19th_century">Local government from the 19th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Local government from the 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 19th century a series of reforms reshaped the local government of the county, creating a system of districts with directly elected councils. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poor_law_and_municipal_reform">Poor law and municipal reform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Poor law and municipal reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumberland_Lewis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Cumberland_Lewis.png/250px-Cumberland_Lewis.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Cumberland_Lewis.png/375px-Cumberland_Lewis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Cumberland_Lewis.png/500px-Cumberland_Lewis.png 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Map of Cumberland in 1845 showing poor law unions and parliamentary divisions</figcaption></figure> <p>The first changes concerned the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Poor_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Poor law">poor law</a>, which was carried at parish level. The <a href="/wiki/Poor_Law_Amendment_Act_1834" title="Poor Law Amendment Act 1834">Poor Law Amendment Act 1834</a> provided for the grouping of parishes into <a href="/wiki/Poor_law_union" title="Poor law union">poor law unions</a>, each with a central <a href="/wiki/Workhouse" title="Workhouse">workhouse</a> and an elected <a href="/wiki/Board_of_guardians" title="Board of guardians">board of guardians</a>. Cumberland was divided into nine unions: Alston with Garrigill, Bootle, Brampton, Carlisle, Cockermouth, Longtown, Penrith, Whitehaven and Wigton. </p><p>In the following year the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_Act_1835" title="Municipal Corporations Act 1835">Municipal Corporations Act 1835</a> was passed, reforming boroughs and cities in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a> as <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">municipal boroughs</a> with a uniform constitution. The corporation of the City of Carlisle was accordingly remodelled with a popularly elected council consisting of a mayor, aldermen and councillors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_boards_and_sanitary_districts">Local boards and sanitary districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Local boards and sanitary districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Outside of municipal boroughs, there was no effective local government until the 1840s. In response to poor sanitary conditions and outbreaks of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Act_1848" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Health Act 1848">Public Health Act 1848</a> (<a href="/wiki/11_%26_12_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="11 & 12 Vict.">11 & 12 Vict.</a> c. 63) and the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1858" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government Act 1858">Local Government Act 1858</a> allowed for the formation of <a href="/wiki/Local_board_of_health" title="Local board of health">local boards of health</a> in populous areas. Local boards were responsible <i><a href="/wiki/Inter_alia" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter alia">inter alia</a></i> for water supply, drainage, sewerage, paving and cleansing. Eleven local boards were initially formed at Brampton, Cleator Moor, Cockermouth, Egremont, Holme Cultram, Keswick, Maryport, Millom, Penrith, Whitehaven, Wigton and Workington. </p><p>Further reform under the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Act_1875" title="Public Health Act 1875">Public Health Act 1875</a> (<a href="/wiki/38_%26_39_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="38 & 39 Vict.">38 & 39 Vict.</a> c. 55) saw the creation of <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_district" title="Sanitary district">sanitary districts</a> throughout England and Wales. The existing municipal boroughs and local boards became "urban sanitary districts", while "rural sanitary districts" were formed from the remaining areas of the poor law unions. </p><p>Three more local boards were formed: Arlecdon and Frizington in 1882, Harrington in 1891 and Aspatria in 1892. In addition Workington and Whitehaven received charters of incorporation to become municipal boroughs in 1883 and 1894 respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government_acts_of_1888_and_1894">Local government acts of 1888 and 1894</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Local government acts of 1888 and 1894"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County_Council,_England" title="Cumberland County Council, England">Cumberland County Council, England</a></div> <p>In 1889, under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1888" title="Local Government Act 1888">Local Government Act 1888</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County_Council,_England" title="Cumberland County Council, England">Cumberland County Council</a> was created as the <a href="/wiki/County_council" title="County council">county council</a> for Cumberland, taking over administrative functions from the Court of <a href="/wiki/Quarter_Sessions" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter Sessions">Quarter Sessions</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1894" title="Local Government Act 1894">Local Government Act 1894</a> reconstituted the existing sanitary districts as <a href="/wiki/Urban_district_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)">urban districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rural_district" title="Rural district">rural districts</a>, each with an elected council. </p><p>The Act of 1888 also allowed any municipal borough with a population of 50,000 people or more to become a "<a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a>", independent of county council control. In 1914, Carlisle successfully applied for this status, ceasing to form part of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_county" title="Administrative county">administrative county</a>, although remaining within Cumberland for the purposes such as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Lieutenant">Lieutenancy</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff" class="mw-redirect" title="High Sheriff">shrievalty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reform_in_1934">Reform in 1934</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reform in 1934"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1929" title="Local Government Act 1929">Local Government Act 1929</a> imposed the duty on county councils of reviewing the districts within their administrative county so as to form more efficient units of local government. In general, this meant the merging of small or lightly populated areas into larger units. A review was carried in Cumberland in 1934. The following table lists the urban and rural districts before and after the changes. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District 1894–1934 </th> <th>District 1934–1974 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Alston with Garrigill RD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arlecdon & Frizington UD </td> <td>Part of Ennerdale RD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aspatria UD </td> <td>Absorbed by Wigton RD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bootle RD </td> <td>Part of Millom RD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brampton RD </td> <td>Part of Border RD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carlisle RD </td> <td>Part of Border RD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cleator Moor UD </td> <td>Part of Ennerdale RD </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Cockermouth RD </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Cockermouth UD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egremont UD </td> <td>Part of Ennerdale RD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Harrington UD </td> <td>Absorbed by Workington MB </td></tr> <tr> <td>Holme Cultram UD </td> <td>Absorbed by Wigton RD </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Keswick UD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Longtown RD </td> <td>Part of Border RD </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Maryport UD </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Penrith RD </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Penrith UD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Whitehaven RD </td> <td>Part of Ennerdale RD </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:452px"><div style="position:relative;width:450px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_United_Kingdom_Cumberland_1960.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cumberland is located in Cumberland in 1960"><img alt="Cumberland is located in Cumberland in 1960" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Location_map_United_Kingdom_Cumberland_1960.svg/450px-Location_map_United_Kingdom_Cumberland_1960.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="584" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Location_map_United_Kingdom_Cumberland_1960.svg/675px-Location_map_United_Kingdom_Cumberland_1960.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Location_map_United_Kingdom_Cumberland_1960.svg/900px-Location_map_United_Kingdom_Cumberland_1960.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="1370" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.294%;left:52.647%;font-size:110%"><div class="id" style="left:-7px;top:-7px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Carlisle"><img alt="Carlisle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/21px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/28px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:8px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.549%;left:66.618%;font-size:110%"><div class="id" style="left:-7px;top:-7px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Penrith"><img alt="Penrith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/21px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/28px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:8px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.196%;left:7.721%;font-size:110%"><div class="id" style="left:-7px;top:-7px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Workington"><img alt="Workington" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/21px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/28px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:8px"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 0.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a></b></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.922%;left:5.441%;font-size:110%"><div class="id" style="left:-7px;top:-7px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Whitehaven"><img alt="Whitehaven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/21px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/28px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:8px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Whitehaven</a></b></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.745%;left:12.279%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Maryport"><img alt="Maryport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:7px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Maryport" title="Maryport">Maryport</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.843%;left:21.912%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cockermouth"><img alt="Cockermouth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" 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style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Egremont"><img alt="Egremont" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/18px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Egremont,_Cumbria" title="Egremont, Cumbria">Egremont</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.569%;left:10.882%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cleator Moor"><img alt="Cleator Moor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" 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decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Boot,_Cumbria" title="Boot, Cumbria">Boot</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:90.196%;left:21.324%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bootle"><img alt="Bootle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Bootle,_Cumbria" title="Bootle, Cumbria">Bootle</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.961%;left:16.176%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Broughton"><img alt="Broughton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Broughton,_Cumbria" title="Broughton, Cumbria">Broughton</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.157%;left:44.853%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Burgh by Sands"><img alt="Burgh by Sands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Burgh_by_Sands" title="Burgh by Sands">Burgh by Sands</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.608%;left:28.162%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Buttermere"><img alt="Buttermere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Buttermere,_Cumbria_(village)" title="Buttermere, Cumbria (village)">Buttermere</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35%;left:49.706%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dalston"><img alt="Dalston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Dalston,_Cumbria" title="Dalston, Cumbria">Dalston</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.941%;left:15.956%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dearham"><img alt="Dearham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" 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decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Gosforth,_Cumbria" title="Gosforth, Cumbria">Gosforth</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:98.333%;left:27.279%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Haverigg"><img alt="Haverigg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Haverigg" title="Haverigg">Haverigg</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.412%;left:72.794%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Langwathby"><img alt="Langwathby" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Langwathby" title="Langwathby">Langwathby</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.118%;left:70.368%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lazonby"><img alt="Lazonby" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Lazonby" title="Lazonby">Lazonby</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.98%;left:78.015%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Melmerby"><img alt="Melmerby" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Melmerby,_Cumbria" title="Melmerby, Cumbria">Melmerby</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.941%;left:18.309%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ravenglass"><img alt="Ravenglass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Ravenglass" title="Ravenglass">Ravenglass</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.275%;left:37.721%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rosthwaite"><img alt="Rosthwaite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Rosthwaite,_Borrowdale" title="Rosthwaite, Borrowdale">Rosthwaite</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.412%;left:5.147%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="St Bees"><img alt="St Bees" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/St_Bees" title="St Bees">St Bees</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.588%;left:57.868%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Scotby"><img alt="Scotby" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Scotby" title="Scotby">Scotby</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.922%;left:13.015%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Seascale"><img alt="Seascale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Seascale" title="Seascale">Seascale</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.373%;left:11.912%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sellafield"><img alt="Sellafield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Sellafield" title="Sellafield">Sellafield</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:95.588%;left:23.971%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Silecroft"><img alt="Silecroft" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Silecroft" title="Silecroft">Silecroft</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.451%;left:20.515%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Silloth"><img alt="Silloth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Silloth" title="Silloth">Silloth</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.098%;left:44.853%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Thursby"><img alt="Thursby" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Thursby" title="Thursby">Thursby</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.196%;left:31.397%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ulpha"><img alt="Ulpha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Ulpha" title="Ulpha">Ulpha</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.373%;left:61.029%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wetheral"><img alt="Wetheral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Wetheral" title="Wetheral">Wetheral</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_United_Kingdom_Cumberland_1960.svg" title="File:Location map United Kingdom Cumberland 1960.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Cumberland in 1960</div></div></div> <p>The distribution of population in 1971 was as follows:1971 Census; Small Area Statistics </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_Carlisle" title="County Borough of Carlisle">County Borough of Carlisle</a></td> <td>71,580 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cockermouth_Urban_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockermouth Urban District">Cockermouth Urban District</a></td> <td>6,366 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keswick_Urban_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Keswick Urban District">Keswick Urban District</a></td> <td>5,184 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryport_Urban_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryport Urban District">Maryport Urban District</a></td> <td>11,612 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Penrith_Urban_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Penrith Urban District">Penrith Urban District</a></td> <td>11,308 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Municipal Borough of Whitehaven</a></td> <td>26,721 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Borough_of_Workington" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Borough of Workington">Municipal Borough of Workington</a></td> <td>28,431 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alston_with_Garrigill_Rural_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Alston with Garrigill Rural District">Alston with Garrigill Rural District</a></td> <td>1,917 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Border_Rural_District" title="Border Rural District">Border Rural District</a></td> <td>29,267 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cockermouth_Rural_District" title="Cockermouth Rural District">Cockermouth Rural District</a></td> <td>21,520 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ennerdale_Rural_District" title="Ennerdale Rural District">Ennerdale Rural District</a></td> <td>30,983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Millom_Rural_District" title="Millom Rural District">Millom Rural District</a></td> <td>14,088 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Penrith_Rural_District" title="Penrith Rural District">Penrith Rural District</a></td> <td>11,380 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wigton_Rural_District" title="Wigton Rural District">Wigton Rural District</a></td> <td>21,830 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1974, under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a>, the administrative county and county borough were abolished and their former area was combined with <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="West Riding of Yorkshire">West Riding of Yorkshire</a> to form the new county of <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>. The area from Cumberland went on to form the districts of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Carlisle" title="City of Carlisle">Carlisle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allerdale" title="Allerdale">Allerdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copeland,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Copeland, Cumbria">Copeland</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/Eden,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eden, Cumbria">Eden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name continues in use as a geographical and cultural term, and it survives in <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_sausage" title="Cumberland sausage">Cumberland sausages</a>; <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cumberland_(F85)" title="HMS Cumberland (F85)">HMS <i>Cumberland</i></a>; the Cumberland Fell Runners Club; the Cumberland Athletics Club; and various organisations and companies, such as the local newspapers <i>The Cumberland News</i>, and <i>The West Cumberland Times and Star</i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Building_Society" title="Cumberland Building Society">Cumberland Building Society</a>. It is also mentioned in <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i> as the kingdom given to Prince Malcolm, and is also the initial setting for the <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Trease" title="Geoffrey Trease">Geoffrey Trease</a> historical novel <a href="/wiki/Cue_for_Treason" title="Cue for Treason">Cue for Treason</a>. </p><p>In June 1994, during the <a href="/wiki/1990s_UK_local_government_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="1990s UK local government reform">1990s UK local government reform</a>, the Local Government Commission published draft recommendations, suggesting as one option a North Cumbria <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authority</a> (also including <a href="/wiki/Appleby-in-Westmorland" title="Appleby-in-Westmorland">Appleby</a>, the historic county town of Westmorland). It also suggested that Cumberland could be reinstated as an independent <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">ceremonial county</a>. The final recommendations, published in October 1994, did not include such recommendations, apparently due to lack of expression of support for the proposal to the commission. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Parnassia_palustris" title="Parnassia palustris">Grass-of-Parnassus</a> was the <a href="/wiki/County_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="County flower">county flower</a>. It had been associated with the county since 1951, when it was included in the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> granted to the Cumberland County Council. It subsequently featured in the arms granted to Cumbria County Council and <a href="/wiki/Copeland,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Copeland, Cumbria">Copeland Borough Council</a>, in both cases to represent Cumberland. The flower was also attributed to Cumbria in 2002 as part of a national <a href="/wiki/County_flowers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="County flowers of the United Kingdom">County flowers of the United Kingdom</a> campaign by the charity <a href="/wiki/Plantlife" title="Plantlife">Plantlife</a>. In 2012, a flag based on the arms of the former Cumberland County Council was registered as the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cumberland" title="Flag of Cumberland">flag of Cumberland</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Flag_Institute" title="Flag Institute">Flag Institute</a>. </p><p>In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Communities_and_Local_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government">Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Pickles" title="Eric Pickles">Eric Pickles</a>, formally recognised and acknowledged the continued existence of England's 39 historic counties, including Cumberland.<sup id="cite_ref-CLG-EP_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLG-EP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ind-EP_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ind-EP-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABC-EP_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC-EP-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, it was announced that on 1 April 2023 local government in Cumbria would be reorganised into two <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authorities</a>, one of which is <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(unitary_authority)" title="Cumberland (unitary authority)">Cumberland</a> and includes most of the historic county, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a> and the surrounding area.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new authority covers 77% of the area and 90% of the population of the historic county. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Custos_Rotulorum_of_Cumberland" title="Custos Rotulorum of Cumberland">Custos Rotulorum of Cumberland</a> - Keepers of the Rolls</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cumberland (UK Parliament constituency)">List of MPs for Cumberland constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broughan" title="Broughan">Broughan</a> (Cumberland surname)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=cymru&searchmode=none">"Cymric"</a>. <i>Online Etymological Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymological+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Cymric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fsearch%3Dcymru%26searchmode%3Dnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davies_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2007" class="citation book cs1">Davies, John (2007) [1990]. <i>A History of Wales</i>. Penguin Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">68–</span>69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Wales&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E68-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrow2006" class="citation book cs1">Barrow, G. W. S. (2006). <i>The Kingdom of the Scots: Government, Church and Society from the Eleventh to the Fourteenth Century</i> (2nd ed.). Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7486-1803-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7486-1803-1"><bdi>0-7486-1803-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingdom+of+the+Scots%3A+Government%2C+Church+and+Society+from+the+Eleventh+to+the+Fourteenth+Century&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7486-1803-1&rft.aulast=Barrow&rft.aufirst=G.+W.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> W. F. H. Nicolaisen, <i>Scottish Place Names</i>, p. 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theclergydatabase.org.uk/reference/diocesan-resources/a-z-list-of-dioceses/carlisle-diocese-resources/carlisle-diocese-history-and-description/">"Carlisle Diocese: History and Description"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Clergy_of_the_Church_of_England_database" title="Clergy of the Church of England database">Clergy of the Church of England database</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clergy+of+the+Church+of+England+database&rft.atitle=Carlisle+Diocese%3A+History+and+Description&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheclergydatabase.org.uk%2Freference%2Fdiocesan-resources%2Fa-z-list-of-dioceses%2Fcarlisle-diocese-resources%2Fcarlisle-diocese-history-and-description%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarr1910" class="citation book cs1">Marr, J. E. (1910). <i>Cambridge County Geographies: Cumberland</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+County+Geographies%3A+Cumberland&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Marr&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW_L_Warren1984" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._L._Warren" title="W. L. Warren">W L Warren</a> (1984). "The Myth of Norman Administrative Efficiency: The Prothero Lecture". <i>Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</i>. Fifth Series. <b>34</b>: <span class="nowrap">113–</span>132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3679128">10.2307/3679128</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3679128">3679128</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162793914">162793914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Royal+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Myth+of+Norman+Administrative+Efficiency%3A+The+Prothero+Lecture&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E132&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162793914%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3679128%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3679128&rft.au=W+L+Warren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1821parishes-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1821parishes_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1821parishes_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1821parishes_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1821parishes_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1821parishes_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The wards and their constituent parishes were as of 1821. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungs1991" class="citation book cs1">Youngs, Frederic A Jr. (1991). <i>Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol.2: Northern England</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Historical_Society" title="Royal Historical Society">Royal Historical Society</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">648–</span>649. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86193-127-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-86193-127-0"><bdi>0-86193-127-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Local+Administrative+Units+of+England%2C+Vol.2%3A+Northern+England&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E648-%3C%2Fspan%3E649&rft.pub=Royal+Historical+Society&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-86193-127-0&rft.aulast=Youngs&rft.aufirst=Frederic+A+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhillier1825" class="citation book cs1">Whillier, Thomas (1825). <i>A General Directory to all the Counties, Hundreds, Ridings, Wapentakes, Divisions, Cities, Boroughs, Liberties, Parishes, Townships, Tythings, Hamlets, Precincts, Chapelries &c. &c. in England</i>. London: Joseph Butterworth & Son. pp. <span class="nowrap">28–</span>31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+General+Directory+to+all+the+Counties%2C+Hundreds%2C+Ridings%2C+Wapentakes%2C+Divisions%2C+Cities%2C+Boroughs%2C+Liberties%2C+Parishes%2C+Townships%2C+Tythings%2C+Hamlets%2C+Precincts%2C+Chapelries+%26c.+%26c.+in+England&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E28-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.pub=Joseph+Butterworth+%26+Son&rft.date=1825&rft.aulast=Whillier&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Local government in England and Wales: A Guide to the New System</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. 1974. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-11-750847-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-11-750847-0"><bdi>0-11-750847-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+government+in+England+and+Wales%3A+A+Guide+to+the+New+System&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-11-750847-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CLG-EP-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CLG-EP_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/eric-pickles-celebrate-st-george-and-englands-traditional-counties">"Eric Pickles: celebrate St George and England's traditional counties"</a>. Department for Communities and Local Government. 23 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eric+Pickles%3A+celebrate+St+George+and+England%27s+traditional+counties&rft.pub=Department+for+Communities+and+Local+Government&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Feric-pickles-celebrate-st-george-and-englands-traditional-counties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ind-EP-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ind-EP_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelner2013" class="citation news cs1">Kelner, Simon (23 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/eric-pickless-championing-of-traditional-english-counties-is-something-we-can-all-get-behind-8568394.html">"Eric Pickles's championing of traditional English counties is something we can all get behind"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Eric+Pickles%27s+championing+of+traditional+English+counties+is+something+we+can+all+get+behind&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft.aulast=Kelner&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fcomment%2Feric-pickless-championing-of-traditional-english-counties-is-something-we-can-all-get-behind-8568394.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC-EP-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABC-EP_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarber2013" class="citation web cs1">Garber, Michael (23 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcounties.com/news/government-formally-acknowledges-the-historic-counties-to-celebrate-st-georges-day/">"Government 'formally acknowledges' the Historic Counties to Celebrate St George's Day"</a>. Association of British Counties<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+%27formally+acknowledges%27+the+Historic+Counties+to+Celebrate+St+George%27s+Day&rft.pub=Association+of+British+Counties&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft.aulast=Garber&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcounties.com%2Fnews%2Fgovernment-formally-acknowledges-the-historic-counties-to-celebrate-st-georges-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cumbria-59183200">"Names for two controversial Cumbria councils revealed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 5 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Names+for+two+controversial+Cumbria+councils+revealed&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-cumbria-59183200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACumberland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Cumberland Heritage</i> by <a href="/wiki/Molly_Lefebure" title="Molly Lefebure">Molly Lefebure</a> (Chapters include Camden, Briathwaite, Millbeck, Fellwalkers, <a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle, Cumbria">Carlisle</a> Canal, Armboth, <a href="/wiki/John_Peel" title="John Peel">John Peel</a> (farmer) and the <a href="/wiki/Blencathra" title="Blencathra">Blencathra</a>), with endpaper maps of old Cumberland.Detail taken from a copy of <i>Cumberland Heritage</i> published by Victor Gollancz, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in 1970, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0575003766" title="Special:BookSources/0575003766">0575003766</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumberland&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/CUL/Gaz1868.html">Cumberland, England – History and Description, 1868</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikishire.co.uk/map/#cumberland/base=outline">Map of Cumberland</a> on Wikishire</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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title="Template:England counties/ancient">before 1889</a></small> ← <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_England" title="Counties of England">Counties of England</a> (1889–1974) → <small><a href="/wiki/Template:England_counties/1974" title="Template:England counties/1974">1974–1996</a></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Ely" title="Isle of Ely">Isle of Ely</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_and_Isle_of_Ely" title="Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely">Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire" title="Huntingdonshire">Huntingdonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_and_Peterborough" title="Huntingdon and Peterborough">Huntingdon and Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Parts_of_Holland" title="Parts of Holland">Parts of Holland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kesteven" title="Kesteven">Parts of Kesteven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parts_of_Lindsey" title="Parts of Lindsey">Parts of Lindsey</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">London</a> (including <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Soke_of_Peterborough" title="Soke of Peterborough">Soke of Peterborough</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a> (including <a href="/wiki/East_Suffolk_(county)" title="East Suffolk (county)">East Suffolk</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Suffolk_(county)" title="West Suffolk (county)">West Suffolk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a> (including <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> (including <a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="North Riding of Yorkshire">North Riding</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="West Riding of Yorkshire">West Riding</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:England counties/ancient"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="earliest_←_Counties_of_England_(before_1889)_→_1889–1974135" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><small>earliest</small> ← <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_England" title="Counties of England">Counties of England</a> (before 1889) → <small><a href="/wiki/Template:England_counties/1889" title="Template:England counties/1889">1889–1974</a></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Durham" title="County Palatine of Durham">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire" title="Huntingdonshire">Huntingdonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23360#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata777" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/144294779">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpjgxh6fGcTDqjmkrRYfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4090641-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84081179">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007562375905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cumberland&params=54_45_N_3_00_W_region:GB_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.750°N 3.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.750; -3.000</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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