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mw-first-heading"><i>Pimenta racemosa</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D9%84" title="شجرة القرنفل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شجرة القرنفل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_racemosa" title="Pimenta racemosa – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pimenta racemosa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay" title="Bay – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bay" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_racemosa" title="Pimenta racemosa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pimenta racemosa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_racemosa" title="Pimenta racemosa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pimenta racemosa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%BC%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4" title="베이럼나무 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베이럼나무" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obalno_rum_drvo" title="Obalno rum drvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Obalno rum drvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayram" title="Bayram – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bayram" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D9%84" title="شجرة القرنفل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شجرة القرنفل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_racemosa" title="Pimenta racemosa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pimenta racemosa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_racemosa" title="Pimenta racemosa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pimenta racemosa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_racemosa" title="Pimenta racemosa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pimenta racemosa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Пимента кистевидная – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пимента кистевидная" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_racemosa" title="Pimenta racemosa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pimenta racemosa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinamoni" title="Sinamoni – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Sinamoni" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_racemosa" title="Pimenta racemosa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pimenta racemosa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_racemosa" title="Pimenta racemosa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pimenta racemosa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_racemosa" title="Pimenta racemosa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pimenta racemosa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%91%89%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%99%E6%9E%9C" title="香葉多香果 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of plant</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Pimenta racemosa</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Myrcia_acris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Myrcia_acris.jpg/220px-Myrcia_acris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="405" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Myrcia_acris.jpg/330px-Myrcia_acris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Myrcia_acris.jpg/440px-Myrcia_acris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="999" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pimenta_racemosa_24zz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Pimenta_racemosa_24zz.jpg/220px-Pimenta_racemosa_24zz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Pimenta_racemosa_24zz.jpg/330px-Pimenta_racemosa_24zz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Pimenta_racemosa_24zz.jpg/440px-Pimenta_racemosa_24zz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1696" data-file-height="2544" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Pimenta" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pimenta_(genus)" title="Pimenta (genus)"><i>Pimenta</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>P. racemosa</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Pimenta racemosa</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Philip_Miller" title="Philip Miller">Mill.</a>) J.W.Moore</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><i>Amomis acris</i> (Sw.) O.Berg</li> <li><i>Amomis anisomera</i> Urb. & Ekman</li> <li><i>Amomis caryophyllata</i> Krug & Urb.</li> <li><i>Amomis grisea</i> (Kiaersk.) Britton</li> <li><i>Amomis hispaniolensis</i> Urb.</li> <li><i>Amomis oblongata</i> O.Berg</li> <li><i>Amomis ozua</i> Urb. & Ekman</li> <li><i>Amomis pauciflora</i> Urb.</li> <li><i>Amomis pimento</i> O.Berg</li> <li><i>Amomis pimentoides</i> O.Berg</li> <li><i>Eugenia tabasco</i> (Willd. ex Schltdl. & Cham.) G.Don</li> <li><i>Myrcia acris </i>(Sw.) DC.</li> <li><i>Myrcia pimentoides</i> DC.</li> <li><i>Myrtus acris</i> Sw.</li> <li><i>Myrtus caryophyllata</i> Jacq. nom. illeg.</li> <li><i>Myrtus citrifolia</i> Poir.</li> <li><i>Myrtus pimentoides</i> (DC.) T.Nees</li> <li><i>Pimenta acris</i> (Sw.) Kostel.</li> <li><i>Pimenta acuminata</i> Bello</li> <li><i>Pimenta anisomera</i> (Urb. & Ekman) Burret</li> <li><i>Pimenta citrifolia</i> (Poir.) Kostel.</li> <li><i>Pimenta crenulata</i> Alain</li> <li><i>Pimenta hispaniolensis</i> (Urb.) Burret</li> <li><i>Pimenta officinalis</i> var. <i>cumanensis</i> O. Berg</li> <li><i>Pimenta ozua</i> (Urb. & Ekman) Burret</li> <li><i>Pimenta pauciflora</i> (Urb.) Burret</li> <li><i>Pimenta pimento</i> Griseb.</li> <li><i>Pimenta tabasco</i> (Willd. ex Schltdl. & Cham.) Lundell</li> <li><i>Pimenta terebinthina</i> Burret</li> <li><i>Pimentus cotinifolia</i> Raf.</li></ul> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Pimenta racemosa</b></i> is a species of plant in the myrtle family (<a href="/wiki/Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a>) that is native to the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> region. Common names include <b>West Indian bay tree</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-GRIN_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIN-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>bay rum tree</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-GRIN_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIN-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>ciliment</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pimenta_racemosa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is used in cooking and an essential oil is distilled to produce a fragrant <a href="/wiki/Eau_de_cologne" class="mw-redirect" title="Eau de cologne">cologne</a> called <a href="/wiki/Bay_rum" title="Bay rum">bay rum</a>; although the name is similar to names of flavored alcoholic beverages, the concentrated essential oil from the fruit is toxic and renders the product undrinkable.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves are also used for herbal teas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (February 2023)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-inflammatory_and_antinociceptive_properties">Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pimenta_racemosa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Extracts from multiple varieties of <i>Pimenta racemosa</i> display <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> properties. These properties are mediated in part by <a href="/wiki/Terpene" title="Terpene">terpenes</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Abietic_acid" title="Abietic acid">abietic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lupeol" title="Lupeol">lupeol</a>, which alter <a href="/wiki/Neutrophil" title="Neutrophil">neutrophil</a> migration into inflamed regions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Pimenta racemosa</i> also demonstrates <a href="/wiki/Nociception" title="Nociception">antinociceptive</a> properties and has historically been used as an <a href="/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic">analgesic</a> in the Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pimenta_racemosa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tree is 4–12 m tall and the white flowers, about 10 mm wide, become black, oval fruits measuring 7–12 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ideal conditions for <i>P. racemosa</i> are regular irrigation and bright sunshine. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P.rac.-seeds-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/P.rac.-seeds-3.jpg/200px-P.rac.-seeds-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/P.rac.-seeds-3.jpg/300px-P.rac.-seeds-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/P.rac.-seeds-3.jpg/400px-P.rac.-seeds-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Seeds</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pimenta_racemosa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pimenta_racemosa.jpg/200px-Pimenta_racemosa.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pimenta_racemosa.jpg/300px-Pimenta_racemosa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pimenta_racemosa.jpg/400px-Pimenta_racemosa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1235" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Leaves</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pimenta_racemosa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Pimenta racemosa</i> is widely introduced and can become an invasive weed.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plants are now grown widely in other tropical areas, including <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pimenta_racemosa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIUCN_SSC_Global_Tree_Specialist_GroupBotanic_Gardens_Conservation_International_(BGCI)2022" class="citation journal cs1">IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/62783/208346431">"<i>Pimenta racemosa</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2022</b>: e.T62783A208346431. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T62783A208346431.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T62783A208346431.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Pimenta+racemosa&rft.volume=2022&rft.pages=e.T62783A208346431&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T62783A208346431.en&rft.au=IUCN+SSC+Global+Tree+Specialist+Group&rft.au=Botanic+Gardens+Conservation+International+%28BGCI%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F62783%2F208346431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APimenta+racemosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/search?q=pimenta+racemosa">"The Plant List: A Working List of all Plant Species"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Plant+List%3A+A+Working+List+of+all+Plant+Species&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theplantlist.org%2Ftpl%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dpimenta%2Bracemosa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APimenta+racemosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRIN-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GRIN_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GRIN_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=28393">"<i>Pimenta racemosa</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">Germplasm Resources Information Network</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Germplasm+Resources+Information+Network&rft.atitle=Pimenta+racemosa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgsweb.ars-grin.gov%2Fgringlobal%2Ftaxonomydetail.aspx%3Fid%3D28393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APimenta+racemosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">desert-tropicals.com: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Myrtaceae/Pimenta_racemosa.html">West Indian Bay Tree, Bay Rum Tree</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernándezTornosGarcíade_las_Heras2010" class="citation journal cs1">Fernández, MA; Tornos, MP; García, MD; de las Heras, B; Villar, AM; Sáenz, MT (18 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1211%2F0022357011776027">"Anti-inflammatory activity of abietic acid, a diterpene isolated from Pimenta racemosa var. grissea"</a>. <i>Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology</i>. <b>53</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">867–</span>872. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1211%2F0022357011776027">10.1211/0022357011776027</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Pharmacy+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Anti-inflammatory+activity+of+abietic+acid%2C+a+diterpene+isolated+from+Pimenta+racemosa+var.+grissea&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E867-%3C%2Fspan%3E872&rft.date=2010-02-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1211%2F0022357011776027&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.au=Tornos%2C+MP&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa%2C+MD&rft.au=de+las+Heras%2C+B&rft.au=Villar%2C+AM&rft.au=S%C3%A1enz%2C+MT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1211%252F0022357011776027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APimenta+racemosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernándezÁlvarezGarcı́aSáenz2001" class="citation journal cs1">Fernández, A; Álvarez, A; Garcı́a, MD; Sáenz, MT (April 2001). "Anti-inflammatory effect of Pimenta racemosa var. ozua and isolation of the triterpene lupeol". <i>Il Farmaco</i>. <b>56</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">335–</span>338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0014-827X%2801%2901080-1">10.1016/S0014-827X(01)01080-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Farmaco&rft.atitle=Anti-inflammatory+effect+of+Pimenta+racemosa+var.+ozua+and+isolation+of+the+triterpene+lupeol&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E335-%3C%2Fspan%3E338&rft.date=2001-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0014-827X%2801%2901080-1&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=%C3%81lvarez%2C+A&rft.au=Garc%C4%B1%CC%81a%2C+MD&rft.au=S%C3%A1enz%2C+MT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APimenta+racemosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcı́aFernándezAlvarezSaenz2004" class="citation journal cs1">Garcı́a, MD; Fernández, MA; Alvarez, A; Saenz, MT (March 2004). "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of the aqueous extract from leaves of Pimenta racemosa var. ozua (Mirtaceae)". <i>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</i>. <b>91</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">69–</span>73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jep.2003.11.018">10.1016/j.jep.2003.11.018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethnopharmacology&rft.atitle=Antinociceptive+and+anti-inflammatory+effect+of+the+aqueous+extract+from+leaves+of+Pimenta+racemosa+var.+ozua+%28Mirtaceae%29&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E69-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jep.2003.11.018&rft.aulast=Garc%C4%B1%CC%81a&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez%2C+MA&rft.au=Alvarez%2C+A&rft.au=Saenz%2C+MT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APimenta+racemosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hear.org/pier/species/pimenta_racemosa.htm">Myrtaceae: <i>Pimenta racemosa</i></a> (by J.W.Moore)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=pira">"USDA PLANTS Profile"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USDA+PLANTS+Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplants.usda.gov%2Fjava%2Fprofile%3Fsymbol%3Dpira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APimenta+racemosa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pimenta_racemosa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> Data related to <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_racemosa" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Pimenta racemosa"><i>Pimenta racemosa</i></a> at Wikispecies <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pimenta_racemosa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pimenta racemosa"><i>Pimenta racemosa</i></a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers5471" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers5471" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Pimenta racemosa</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812057" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q812057">Q812057</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pimenta_racemosa" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Pimenta racemosa">Pimenta racemosa</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/16693">16693</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id216708">216708</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=559985">559985</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4HWS4">4HWS4</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=8594">8594</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/2508609">2508609</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/PMTRA">PMTRA</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3186096">3186096</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=28393">28393</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/133685">133685</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/196820-2">196820-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/42380">42380</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=27248">27248</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/62783">62783</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282861">282861</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=260139">260139</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/e5e87dc4-ee54-485a-945f-36bd45353a45">e5e87dc4-ee54-485a-945f-36bd45353a45</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=9542">9542</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-156163">kew-156163</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/PIRA">PIRA</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A196820-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:196820-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/22101788">22101788</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000273421">wfo-0000273421</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Caryophyllus racemosus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39283410" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q39283410">Q39283410</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/75993">75993</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5XDK7">5XDK7</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=9271">9271</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/592157-1">592157-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A592157-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:592157-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/22103478">22103478</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000808740">wfo-0000808740</a></span></span></li></ul> 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