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What Is dropshipping? How does it work in 2025?

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href="https://d3216uwaav9lg7.cloudfront.net/assets-Sell.css" rel="stylesheet"> <div class="as-body desktop" data-devicetype="desktop"> <div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><header class="mega-menu ember" tabindex="0"><div class="nav-large-view"><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown-backdrop"></div><div class="nav-swb" 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class="search-container"><div class="search-container-input"><input type="search" autoComplete="off" class="search-input" data-autocomplete-label="Try these searches:" name="search" placeholder="Search sell.amazon.com" spellcheck="false"/><i class="search-icon"></i><span class="nav-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.99991,8.85007 L5.26657,11.5834 C5.14435,11.7056 5.00546,11.764 4.84991,11.7584 C4.69435,11.7528 4.55546,11.689 4.43324,11.5667 C4.31102,11.4445 4.24991,11.3028 4.24991,11.1417 C4.24991,10.9806 4.31102,10.839 4.43324,10.7167 L7.14991,8.00007 L4.41657,5.26673 C4.29435,5.14451 4.23602,5.00284 4.24157,4.84173 C4.24713,4.68062 4.31102,4.53895 4.43324,4.41673 C4.55546,4.29451 4.69713,4.2334 4.85824,4.2334 C5.01935,4.2334 5.16102,4.29451 5.28324,4.41673 L7.99991,7.15007 L10.7332,4.41673 C10.8555,4.29451 10.9971,4.2334 11.1582,4.2334 C11.3194,4.2334 11.461,4.29451 11.5832,4.41673 C11.7055,4.53895 11.7666,4.68062 11.7666,4.84173 C11.7666,5.00284 11.7055,5.14451 11.5832,5.26673 L8.84991,8.00007 L11.5832,10.7334 C11.7055,10.8556 11.7666,10.9945 11.7666,11.1501 C11.7666,11.3056 11.7055,11.4445 11.5832,11.5667 C11.461,11.689 11.3194,11.7501 11.1582,11.7501 C10.9971,11.7501 10.8555,11.689 10.7332,11.5667 L7.99991,8.85007 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></span></div><ul class="autocomplete-results"></ul></div><div class="search-suggestions"><span class="suggestions-label">Quick links:</span><ul class="suggestions-list"><li><a class="inline-link" href="/search?search=Selling%20on%20Amazon">Selling on Amazon</a></li><li><a class="inline-link" href="/search?search=Fulfillment%20by%20Amazon">Fulfillment by Amazon</a></li></ul></div></form></div></div></div></li><li aria-selected="false"><span class="nav-language-picker nav-language-picker-text"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" 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fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg><small><strong>English</strong></small></span><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown"><div class="language-picker-container"><div class="has-max-width"><span class="nav-language-picker right-align"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M7.99991,8.85007 L5.26657,11.5834 C5.14435,11.7056 5.00546,11.764 4.84991,11.7584 C4.69435,11.7528 4.55546,11.689 4.43324,11.5667 C4.31102,11.4445 4.24991,11.3028 4.24991,11.1417 C4.24991,10.9806 4.31102,10.839 4.43324,10.7167 L7.14991,8.00007 L4.41657,5.26673 C4.29435,5.14451 4.23602,5.00284 4.24157,4.84173 C4.24713,4.68062 4.31102,4.53895 4.43324,4.41673 C4.55546,4.29451 4.69713,4.2334 4.85824,4.2334 C5.01935,4.2334 5.16102,4.29451 5.28324,4.41673 L7.99991,7.15007 L10.7332,4.41673 C10.8555,4.29451 10.9971,4.2334 11.1582,4.2334 C11.3194,4.2334 11.461,4.29451 11.5832,4.41673 C11.7055,4.53895 11.7666,4.68062 11.7666,4.84173 C11.7666,5.00284 11.7055,5.14451 11.5832,5.26673 L8.84991,8.00007 L11.5832,10.7334 C11.7055,10.8556 11.7666,10.9945 11.7666,11.1501 C11.7666,11.3056 11.7055,11.4445 11.5832,11.5667 C11.461,11.689 11.3194,11.7501 11.1582,11.7501 C10.9971,11.7501 10.8555,11.689 10.7332,11.5667 L7.99991,8.85007 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></span><h3 class="language-picker-heading">Select your preferred language</h3><ul class="language-popup-list single-col"><li class="language-selector" data-lang="en-US"><a href="/en?mons_sel_locale=en_US" class="language-picker-language current">English - US</a></li><li class="language-selector" data-lang="es-US"><a href="/es?mons_sel_locale=es_US" class="language-picker-language ">Español - US</a></li><li class="language-selector" data-lang="zh-CN"><a href="/zh?mons_sel_locale=zh_CN" class="language-picker-language ">中文 - CN</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul></div></div><nav><div class="has-max-width"><ul class="nav-items left-align"><li><a href="/?ref_=sdus_soa_home_n" data-cta-id="nav_logo"><img class="nav-logo" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/navigation/amazon-logo-squid-menu.svg" loading="lazy"/><img class="nav-logo-transparent" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/navigation/amazon-logo_white-menu.svg" loading="lazy"/></a></li><li aria-selected="false"><span class="nav-item" data-cta-id="L1_a_start"><strong>Start</strong><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M8.0822,10.4582 C8.19314,10.4582 8.30434,10.4361 8.4158,10.3918 C8.52674,10.3476 8.63207,10.2753 8.7318,10.175 L11.7486,7.15823 C11.9267,6.99183 12.0102,6.77796 11.999,6.51663 C11.9878,6.25583 11.8987,6.04196 11.7318,5.87503 C11.543,5.68623 11.3265,5.5945 11.0822,5.59983 C10.8379,5.6057 10.6267,5.69743 10.4486,5.87503 L8.0822,8.25823 L5.699,5.87503 C5.5214,5.69743 5.31314,5.60863 5.0742,5.60863 C4.83527,5.60863 4.6214,5.70303 4.4326,5.89183 C4.25447,6.06943 4.1654,6.28623 4.1654,6.54223 C4.1654,6.7977 4.25447,7.00863 4.4326,7.17503 L7.4326,10.175 C7.53234,10.2753 7.63767,10.3476 7.7486,10.3918 C7.86007,10.4361 7.97127,10.4582 8.0822,10.4582 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></span><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown"><div><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown-content has-max-width"><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Learn how to sell</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell/registration-guide" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_a_1_reg_guide"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/checklist_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Registering as a seller</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Review steps for creating a seller account</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell#list-products" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_a_2_list_prd"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/seller_fulfilled_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Listing products</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Find out how to match or create listings</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell#price-products" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_a_3_prc_prd"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/automate_pricing_usd_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Pricing products</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Understand how to set competitive prices</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell#fulfillment-method" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_a_4_fulfill"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_check_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Fulfilling customer orders</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Decide on a fulfillment method</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell#promote-products " target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_a_5_ads"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/ads_badge_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Promoting and advertising</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Drive discovery with promotions and ads</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Get the New Seller Guide</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/grow" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_b_1_nsg"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/explore_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><span class="badge"><small><strong>New</strong></small></span><strong>Explore the guide</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Generate 6x more first-year sales</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/brand-registry" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_b_2_br"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/brand_registry_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Brand Registry</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Protect and build your brand</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools/a-content" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_b_3_aplus"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_special_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>A+ Content</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Increase sales with better listings</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_b_4_fba"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_fast_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Fulfillment by Amazon</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Outsource shipping, returns, and customer service</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/grow#nsi" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_b_5_nsi"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/incentives_usd_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>New Seller Incentives</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Unlock $50,000 using the guide</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel nav-featured-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3></h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><a class="nav-link" href="https://sell.amazon.com/grow?lang=&amp;v=FX8M9XK8oH8" data-cta-id="1L2_feat_1_nsgvid"><div class="nav-link-card"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/nsg-mm-bgplay.webp" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-card-body"><span class="badge"><small><strong>Watch overview</strong></small></span><h3>Introducing the New Seller Guide</h3><small class="nav-link-description">Sellers who use the New Seller Guide during their first 90 days generate approximately 6x more first-year sales on average.</small></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown-footer"><div class="has-max-width"><a class="nav-link flex-row-reverse" href="https://sell.amazon.com/quiz?q=1" target="_blank" data-cta-id=""><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><title>arrow_outward</title><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M10.3662,6.2495 L4.91661,11.6831 C4.73848,11.8612 4.52461,11.9503 4.27501,11.9503 C4.02488,11.9503 3.81101,11.8612 3.63341,11.6831 C3.45528,11.5055 3.36621,11.2916 3.36621,11.0415 C3.36621,10.7914 3.45528,10.5775 3.63341,10.3999 L9.06621,4.9503 L4.68301,4.9503 C4.43874,4.9503 4.22488,4.85857 4.04141,4.6751 C3.85794,4.49163 3.76621,4.27777 3.76621,4.0335 C3.76621,3.7887 3.85794,3.57483 4.04141,3.3919 C4.22488,3.20843 4.43874,3.1167 4.68301,3.1167 L11.283,3.1167 C11.5273,3.1167 11.7411,3.20843 11.9246,3.3919 C12.1081,3.57483 12.1998,3.7887 12.1998,4.0335 L12.1998,10.6335 C12.1998,10.8778 12.1081,11.0916 11.9246,11.2751 C11.7411,11.4586 11.5273,11.5503 11.283,11.5503 C11.0387,11.5503 10.8249,11.4586 10.6414,11.2751 C10.4579,11.0916 10.3662,10.8778 10.3662,10.6335 L10.3662,6.2495 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Not sure where to start? Take our business quiz</strong></div></div></a><a class="nav-link flex-row-reverse" href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/faq" target="_blank" data-cta-id=""><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><title>arrow_outward</title><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M10.3662,6.2495 L4.91661,11.6831 C4.73848,11.8612 4.52461,11.9503 4.27501,11.9503 C4.02488,11.9503 3.81101,11.8612 3.63341,11.6831 C3.45528,11.5055 3.36621,11.2916 3.36621,11.0415 C3.36621,10.7914 3.45528,10.5775 3.63341,10.3999 L9.06621,4.9503 L4.68301,4.9503 C4.43874,4.9503 4.22488,4.85857 4.04141,4.6751 C3.85794,4.49163 3.76621,4.27777 3.76621,4.0335 C3.76621,3.7887 3.85794,3.57483 4.04141,3.3919 C4.22488,3.20843 4.43874,3.1167 4.68301,3.1167 L11.283,3.1167 C11.5273,3.1167 11.7411,3.20843 11.9246,3.3919 C12.1081,3.57483 12.1998,3.7887 12.1998,4.0335 L12.1998,10.6335 C12.1998,10.8778 12.1081,11.0916 11.9246,11.2751 C11.7411,11.4586 11.5273,11.5503 11.283,11.5503 C11.0387,11.5503 10.8249,11.4586 10.6414,11.2751 C10.4579,11.0916 10.3662,10.8778 10.3662,10.6335 L10.3662,6.2495 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Review our FAQ</strong></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></li><li aria-selected="false"><span class="nav-item" data-cta-id="L1_b_grow"><strong>Grow</strong><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M8.0822,10.4582 C8.19314,10.4582 8.30434,10.4361 8.4158,10.3918 C8.52674,10.3476 8.63207,10.2753 8.7318,10.175 L11.7486,7.15823 C11.9267,6.99183 12.0102,6.77796 11.999,6.51663 C11.9878,6.25583 11.8987,6.04196 11.7318,5.87503 C11.543,5.68623 11.3265,5.5945 11.0822,5.59983 C10.8379,5.6057 10.6267,5.69743 10.4486,5.87503 L8.0822,8.25823 L5.699,5.87503 C5.5214,5.69743 5.31314,5.60863 5.0742,5.60863 C4.83527,5.60863 4.6214,5.70303 4.4326,5.89183 C4.25447,6.06943 4.1654,6.28623 4.1654,6.54223 C4.1654,6.7977 4.25447,7.00863 4.4326,7.17503 L7.4326,10.175 C7.53234,10.2753 7.63767,10.3476 7.7486,10.3918 C7.86007,10.4361 7.97127,10.4582 8.0822,10.4582 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></span><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown"><div><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown-content has-max-width"><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Optimize your operations</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs/supply-chain" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_a_1_sup_chain"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_arrow_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Outsource your supply chain</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get help with shipping, distribution, storage, and fulfillment</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs/fulfilled-by-merchant" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_a_2_fbm"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/warehousing_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Fulfill orders from your own warehouse</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get faster, cheaper, and more accurate deliveries</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon/fba-multi-channel" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_a_3_mcf"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_stack_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Fulfill orders across channels</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Use FBA inventory for sales on other channels</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/brand-registry" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_a_4_br"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/brand_centric_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Launch your brand</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Build customer loyalty with brand tools</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Reach more customers</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/advertising" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_b_1_ads"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/advertising_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Advertise with Amazon</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Advertise in and beyond the Amazon store</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs/amazon-business" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_b_2_amz_bus"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/small_medium_business_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Sell B2B</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Connect with business customers</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/global-selling" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_b_3_glob_sell"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/globe_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Sell globally</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Sell to Amazon customers worldwide</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs/buy-with-prime" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_b_4_bwp"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/click_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Offer Prime benefits on your website</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Offer fast, free delivery and a familiar checkout experience</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel nav-featured-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3></h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><a class="nav-link" href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs/supply-chain" data-cta-id="2L2_feat_1_sup_chain"><div class="nav-link-card"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/stock/shipping-containers_278664982.jpg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-card-body"><h3>Outsource your supply chain</h3><small class="nav-link-description">Get end-to-end supply chain management for multiple sales channels.</small></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown-footer"><div class="has-max-width"><a class="nav-link flex-row-reverse" href="https://sell.amazon.com/quiz?q=1" target="_blank" data-cta-id=""><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><title>arrow_outward</title><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M10.3662,6.2495 L4.91661,11.6831 C4.73848,11.8612 4.52461,11.9503 4.27501,11.9503 C4.02488,11.9503 3.81101,11.8612 3.63341,11.6831 C3.45528,11.5055 3.36621,11.2916 3.36621,11.0415 C3.36621,10.7914 3.45528,10.5775 3.63341,10.3999 L9.06621,4.9503 L4.68301,4.9503 C4.43874,4.9503 4.22488,4.85857 4.04141,4.6751 C3.85794,4.49163 3.76621,4.27777 3.76621,4.0335 C3.76621,3.7887 3.85794,3.57483 4.04141,3.3919 C4.22488,3.20843 4.43874,3.1167 4.68301,3.1167 L11.283,3.1167 C11.5273,3.1167 11.7411,3.20843 11.9246,3.3919 C12.1081,3.57483 12.1998,3.7887 12.1998,4.0335 L12.1998,10.6335 C12.1998,10.8778 12.1081,11.0916 11.9246,11.2751 C11.7411,11.4586 11.5273,11.5503 11.283,11.5503 C11.0387,11.5503 10.8249,11.4586 10.6414,11.2751 C10.4579,11.0916 10.3662,10.8778 10.3662,10.6335 L10.3662,6.2495 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Not sure where to start? Take our business quiz</strong></div></div></a><a class="nav-link flex-row-reverse" href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/faq" target="_blank" data-cta-id=""><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><title>arrow_outward</title><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M10.3662,6.2495 L4.91661,11.6831 C4.73848,11.8612 4.52461,11.9503 4.27501,11.9503 C4.02488,11.9503 3.81101,11.8612 3.63341,11.6831 C3.45528,11.5055 3.36621,11.2916 3.36621,11.0415 C3.36621,10.7914 3.45528,10.5775 3.63341,10.3999 L9.06621,4.9503 L4.68301,4.9503 C4.43874,4.9503 4.22488,4.85857 4.04141,4.6751 C3.85794,4.49163 3.76621,4.27777 3.76621,4.0335 C3.76621,3.7887 3.85794,3.57483 4.04141,3.3919 C4.22488,3.20843 4.43874,3.1167 4.68301,3.1167 L11.283,3.1167 C11.5273,3.1167 11.7411,3.20843 11.9246,3.3919 C12.1081,3.57483 12.1998,3.7887 12.1998,4.0335 L12.1998,10.6335 C12.1998,10.8778 12.1081,11.0916 11.9246,11.2751 C11.7411,11.4586 11.5273,11.5503 11.283,11.5503 C11.0387,11.5503 10.8249,11.4586 10.6414,11.2751 C10.4579,11.0916 10.3662,10.8778 10.3662,10.6335 L10.3662,6.2495 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Review our FAQ</strong></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></li><li aria-selected="false"><span class="nav-item" data-cta-id="L1_c_svrs"><strong>Services</strong><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M8.0822,10.4582 C8.19314,10.4582 8.30434,10.4361 8.4158,10.3918 C8.52674,10.3476 8.63207,10.2753 8.7318,10.175 L11.7486,7.15823 C11.9267,6.99183 12.0102,6.77796 11.999,6.51663 C11.9878,6.25583 11.8987,6.04196 11.7318,5.87503 C11.543,5.68623 11.3265,5.5945 11.0822,5.59983 C10.8379,5.6057 10.6267,5.69743 10.4486,5.87503 L8.0822,8.25823 L5.699,5.87503 C5.5214,5.69743 5.31314,5.60863 5.0742,5.60863 C4.83527,5.60863 4.6214,5.70303 4.4326,5.89183 C4.25447,6.06943 4.1654,6.28623 4.1654,6.54223 C4.1654,6.7977 4.25447,7.00863 4.4326,7.17503 L7.4326,10.175 C7.53234,10.2753 7.63767,10.3476 7.7486,10.3918 C7.86007,10.4361 7.97127,10.4582 8.0822,10.4582 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></span><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown"><div><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown-content has-max-width"><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Tools</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools#apps-services" target="_self" data-cta-id="3L2_a_1_apps_svrs"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/app_store_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Find apps and service providers</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Find software and service providers</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools#brands" target="_self" data-cta-id="3L2_a_2_build_br"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/brand_registry_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Build your brand</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Try Amazon tools to grow brand loyalty</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools#feedback" target="_self" data-cta-id="3L2_a_3_feed"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/lightbulb_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Get feedback and insights</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Review customer traffic, sales, and ratings</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools" target="_self" data-cta-id=""><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>View all tools</strong></div></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Programs</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs#supply-chain" target="_self" data-cta-id="3L2_b_1_sup_chain"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/fulfillment_center_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Simplify your supply chain</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get help with shipping, storage, and fulfillment </small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs#engage" target="_self" data-cta-id="3L2_b_2_engage"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/customer_segments_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Engage with customers</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Advertise, promote, and connect with customers</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs#specialty-products" target="_self" data-cta-id="3L2_b_3_specialty"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/enhanced_content_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Sell specialty products</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Offer handmade, pre-owned, or customized items</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs" target="_self" data-cta-id=""><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>View all programs</strong></div></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel nav-featured-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3></h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><a class="nav-link" href="https://sell.amazon.com/brand-registry" data-cta-id="3L2_feat_1_br"><div class="nav-link-card"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/br-feature.webp" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-card-body"><h3>Amazon Brand Registry</h3><small class="nav-link-description">Enroll your brand with Amazon to access a suite of brand-building tools and protection benefits.</small></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown-footer"><div class="has-max-width"><a class="nav-link flex-row-reverse" href="https://sell.amazon.com/quiz?q=1" target="_blank" data-cta-id=""><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><title>arrow_outward</title><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M10.3662,6.2495 L4.91661,11.6831 C4.73848,11.8612 4.52461,11.9503 4.27501,11.9503 C4.02488,11.9503 3.81101,11.8612 3.63341,11.6831 C3.45528,11.5055 3.36621,11.2916 3.36621,11.0415 C3.36621,10.7914 3.45528,10.5775 3.63341,10.3999 L9.06621,4.9503 L4.68301,4.9503 C4.43874,4.9503 4.22488,4.85857 4.04141,4.6751 C3.85794,4.49163 3.76621,4.27777 3.76621,4.0335 C3.76621,3.7887 3.85794,3.57483 4.04141,3.3919 C4.22488,3.20843 4.43874,3.1167 4.68301,3.1167 L11.283,3.1167 C11.5273,3.1167 11.7411,3.20843 11.9246,3.3919 C12.1081,3.57483 12.1998,3.7887 12.1998,4.0335 L12.1998,10.6335 C12.1998,10.8778 12.1081,11.0916 11.9246,11.2751 C11.7411,11.4586 11.5273,11.5503 11.283,11.5503 C11.0387,11.5503 10.8249,11.4586 10.6414,11.2751 C10.4579,11.0916 10.3662,10.8778 10.3662,10.6335 L10.3662,6.2495 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Not sure where to start? Take our business quiz</strong></div></div></a><a class="nav-link flex-row-reverse" href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/faq" target="_blank" data-cta-id=""><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><title>arrow_outward</title><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M10.3662,6.2495 L4.91661,11.6831 C4.73848,11.8612 4.52461,11.9503 4.27501,11.9503 C4.02488,11.9503 3.81101,11.8612 3.63341,11.6831 C3.45528,11.5055 3.36621,11.2916 3.36621,11.0415 C3.36621,10.7914 3.45528,10.5775 3.63341,10.3999 L9.06621,4.9503 L4.68301,4.9503 C4.43874,4.9503 4.22488,4.85857 4.04141,4.6751 C3.85794,4.49163 3.76621,4.27777 3.76621,4.0335 C3.76621,3.7887 3.85794,3.57483 4.04141,3.3919 C4.22488,3.20843 4.43874,3.1167 4.68301,3.1167 L11.283,3.1167 C11.5273,3.1167 11.7411,3.20843 11.9246,3.3919 C12.1081,3.57483 12.1998,3.7887 12.1998,4.0335 L12.1998,10.6335 C12.1998,10.8778 12.1081,11.0916 11.9246,11.2751 C11.7411,11.4586 11.5273,11.5503 11.283,11.5503 C11.0387,11.5503 10.8249,11.4586 10.6414,11.2751 C10.4579,11.0916 10.3662,10.8778 10.3662,10.6335 L10.3662,6.2495 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Review our FAQ</strong></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></li><li aria-selected="false"><span class="nav-item" data-cta-id="L1_d_resources"><strong>Resources</strong><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M8.0822,10.4582 C8.19314,10.4582 8.30434,10.4361 8.4158,10.3918 C8.52674,10.3476 8.63207,10.2753 8.7318,10.175 L11.7486,7.15823 C11.9267,6.99183 12.0102,6.77796 11.999,6.51663 C11.9878,6.25583 11.8987,6.04196 11.7318,5.87503 C11.543,5.68623 11.3265,5.5945 11.0822,5.59983 C10.8379,5.6057 10.6267,5.69743 10.4486,5.87503 L8.0822,8.25823 L5.699,5.87503 C5.5214,5.69743 5.31314,5.60863 5.0742,5.60863 C4.83527,5.60863 4.6214,5.70303 4.4326,5.89183 C4.25447,6.06943 4.1654,6.28623 4.1654,6.54223 C4.1654,6.7977 4.25447,7.00863 4.4326,7.17503 L7.4326,10.175 C7.53234,10.2753 7.63767,10.3476 7.7486,10.3918 C7.86007,10.4361 7.97127,10.4582 8.0822,10.4582 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></span><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown"><div><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown-content has-max-width"><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Learning</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/seller-university" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_a_1_lrn_su"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/seller_university_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Seller University</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Learn how to sell with Amazon</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_a_2_blog"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/reading_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Blog</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get ecommerce tips and info</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/case-studies" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_a_3_case_stud"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/video_clapper_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Case studies</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Read seller success stories</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/announcements" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_a_4_announc"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/information_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Announcements</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Stay up date on events and services</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn" target="_self" data-cta-id=""><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>View all resources</strong></div></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Guides</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell-online" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_b_1_sell_onl"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/computer_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>How to sell online</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get an overview for running an ecommerce business</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/what-is-ecommerce" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_b_2_ecomm"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/desktop_shopping_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>What is ecommerce?</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Understand how to launch an online sales channel</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/inventory-management" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_b_3_inventory"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_hand_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Inventory management best practices</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Discover how to manage and track your inventory</small></div></a></li></ul><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/what-is-dropshipping" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_b_4_dropship"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>What is dropshipping?</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Find out how to outsource handling and delivery</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/how-to-sell-books" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_b_5_books"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/book_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>How to sell books</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Learn how to sell books online</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/build-an-online-store" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_b_6_build_store"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/store_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>How to build an online store</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get tips for setting up an ecommerce storefront</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel nav-featured-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3></h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><a class="nav-link" href="https://sell.amazon.com/quiz?q=1" data-cta-id="4L2_feat_1_explorer"><div class="nav-link-card"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/business-quiz-feature.webp" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-card-body"><span class="badge"><small><strong>Take the quiz</strong></small></span><h3>Recommendations for your business</h3><small class="nav-link-description">Answer three questions and we’ll suggest the right resources for your business.</small></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown-footer"><div class="has-max-width"><a class="nav-link flex-row-reverse" href="https://sell.amazon.com/quiz?q=1" target="_blank" data-cta-id=""><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><title>arrow_outward</title><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M10.3662,6.2495 L4.91661,11.6831 C4.73848,11.8612 4.52461,11.9503 4.27501,11.9503 C4.02488,11.9503 3.81101,11.8612 3.63341,11.6831 C3.45528,11.5055 3.36621,11.2916 3.36621,11.0415 C3.36621,10.7914 3.45528,10.5775 3.63341,10.3999 L9.06621,4.9503 L4.68301,4.9503 C4.43874,4.9503 4.22488,4.85857 4.04141,4.6751 C3.85794,4.49163 3.76621,4.27777 3.76621,4.0335 C3.76621,3.7887 3.85794,3.57483 4.04141,3.3919 C4.22488,3.20843 4.43874,3.1167 4.68301,3.1167 L11.283,3.1167 C11.5273,3.1167 11.7411,3.20843 11.9246,3.3919 C12.1081,3.57483 12.1998,3.7887 12.1998,4.0335 L12.1998,10.6335 C12.1998,10.8778 12.1081,11.0916 11.9246,11.2751 C11.7411,11.4586 11.5273,11.5503 11.283,11.5503 C11.0387,11.5503 10.8249,11.4586 10.6414,11.2751 C10.4579,11.0916 10.3662,10.8778 10.3662,10.6335 L10.3662,6.2495 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Not sure where to start? Take our business quiz</strong></div></div></a><a class="nav-link flex-row-reverse" href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/faq" target="_blank" data-cta-id=""><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><title>arrow_outward</title><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M10.3662,6.2495 L4.91661,11.6831 C4.73848,11.8612 4.52461,11.9503 4.27501,11.9503 C4.02488,11.9503 3.81101,11.8612 3.63341,11.6831 C3.45528,11.5055 3.36621,11.2916 3.36621,11.0415 C3.36621,10.7914 3.45528,10.5775 3.63341,10.3999 L9.06621,4.9503 L4.68301,4.9503 C4.43874,4.9503 4.22488,4.85857 4.04141,4.6751 C3.85794,4.49163 3.76621,4.27777 3.76621,4.0335 C3.76621,3.7887 3.85794,3.57483 4.04141,3.3919 C4.22488,3.20843 4.43874,3.1167 4.68301,3.1167 L11.283,3.1167 C11.5273,3.1167 11.7411,3.20843 11.9246,3.3919 C12.1081,3.57483 12.1998,3.7887 12.1998,4.0335 L12.1998,10.6335 C12.1998,10.8778 12.1081,11.0916 11.9246,11.2751 C11.7411,11.4586 11.5273,11.5503 11.283,11.5503 C11.0387,11.5503 10.8249,11.4586 10.6414,11.2751 C10.4579,11.0916 10.3662,10.8778 10.3662,10.6335 L10.3662,6.2495 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Review our FAQ</strong></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></li><li aria-selected="false"><span class="nav-item" data-cta-id="L1_e_pricing"><strong>Pricing</strong><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M8.0822,10.4582 C8.19314,10.4582 8.30434,10.4361 8.4158,10.3918 C8.52674,10.3476 8.63207,10.2753 8.7318,10.175 L11.7486,7.15823 C11.9267,6.99183 12.0102,6.77796 11.999,6.51663 C11.9878,6.25583 11.8987,6.04196 11.7318,5.87503 C11.543,5.68623 11.3265,5.5945 11.0822,5.59983 C10.8379,5.6057 10.6267,5.69743 10.4486,5.87503 L8.0822,8.25823 L5.699,5.87503 C5.5214,5.69743 5.31314,5.60863 5.0742,5.60863 C4.83527,5.60863 4.6214,5.70303 4.4326,5.89183 C4.25447,6.06943 4.1654,6.28623 4.1654,6.54223 C4.1654,6.7977 4.25447,7.00863 4.4326,7.17503 L7.4326,10.175 C7.53234,10.2753 7.63767,10.3476 7.7486,10.3918 C7.86007,10.4361 7.97127,10.4582 8.0822,10.4582 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></span><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown"><div><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown-content has-max-width"><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Review fees and costs</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing" target="_self" data-cta-id="5L2_a_1_std_fees"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/cost_per_click_usd_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Standard selling fees</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Review selling plan and referral fees</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/optional-costs" target="_self" data-cta-id="5L2_a_2_opt"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/paid_service_usd_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Costs for optional services</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Understand costs for optional Amazon services</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon#fba-costs" target="_self" data-cta-id="5L2_a_3_fba"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_fast_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Costs for Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA)</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get a breakdown of costs for this popular program</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Estimate fees and costs</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/estimate#products" target="_self" data-cta-id="5L2_b_1_est"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/calculator_usd_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Get an estimate for a product</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Preview selling fees, fulfillment costs, and revenue</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/estimate#fulfillment" target="_self" data-cta-id="5L2_b_2_comp"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/package_tracking_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Compare estimates by fulfillment method</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Compare FBA with other fulfillment methods</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/estimate#fba" target="_self" data-cta-id="5L2_b_3_inv"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/shipping_options_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Get an estimate for your FBA inventory</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Preview selling fees and costs for your FBA products</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel nav-featured-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3></h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><a class="nav-link" href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/estimate#fulfillment" data-cta-id="5L2_feat_1_rev_cal"><div class="nav-link-card"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/rev-calc-feature.webp" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-card-body"><h3>Revenue Calculator</h3><small class="nav-link-description">Calculate fees and costs for a product, comparing fulfillment methods.</small></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="nav-overlay-dropdown-footer"><div class="has-max-width"><a class="nav-link flex-row-reverse" href="https://sell.amazon.com/quiz?q=1" target="_blank" data-cta-id=""><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><title>arrow_outward</title><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M10.3662,6.2495 L4.91661,11.6831 C4.73848,11.8612 4.52461,11.9503 4.27501,11.9503 C4.02488,11.9503 3.81101,11.8612 3.63341,11.6831 C3.45528,11.5055 3.36621,11.2916 3.36621,11.0415 C3.36621,10.7914 3.45528,10.5775 3.63341,10.3999 L9.06621,4.9503 L4.68301,4.9503 C4.43874,4.9503 4.22488,4.85857 4.04141,4.6751 C3.85794,4.49163 3.76621,4.27777 3.76621,4.0335 C3.76621,3.7887 3.85794,3.57483 4.04141,3.3919 C4.22488,3.20843 4.43874,3.1167 4.68301,3.1167 L11.283,3.1167 C11.5273,3.1167 11.7411,3.20843 11.9246,3.3919 C12.1081,3.57483 12.1998,3.7887 12.1998,4.0335 L12.1998,10.6335 C12.1998,10.8778 12.1081,11.0916 11.9246,11.2751 C11.7411,11.4586 11.5273,11.5503 11.283,11.5503 C11.0387,11.5503 10.8249,11.4586 10.6414,11.2751 C10.4579,11.0916 10.3662,10.8778 10.3662,10.6335 L10.3662,6.2495 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Not sure where to start? Take our business quiz</strong></div></div></a><a class="nav-link flex-row-reverse" href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/faq" target="_blank" data-cta-id=""><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><title>arrow_outward</title><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M10.3662,6.2495 L4.91661,11.6831 C4.73848,11.8612 4.52461,11.9503 4.27501,11.9503 C4.02488,11.9503 3.81101,11.8612 3.63341,11.6831 C3.45528,11.5055 3.36621,11.2916 3.36621,11.0415 C3.36621,10.7914 3.45528,10.5775 3.63341,10.3999 L9.06621,4.9503 L4.68301,4.9503 C4.43874,4.9503 4.22488,4.85857 4.04141,4.6751 C3.85794,4.49163 3.76621,4.27777 3.76621,4.0335 C3.76621,3.7887 3.85794,3.57483 4.04141,3.3919 C4.22488,3.20843 4.43874,3.1167 4.68301,3.1167 L11.283,3.1167 C11.5273,3.1167 11.7411,3.20843 11.9246,3.3919 C12.1081,3.57483 12.1998,3.7887 12.1998,4.0335 L12.1998,10.6335 C12.1998,10.8778 12.1081,11.0916 11.9246,11.2751 C11.7411,11.4586 11.5273,11.5503 11.283,11.5503 C11.0387,11.5503 10.8249,11.4586 10.6414,11.2751 C10.4579,11.0916 10.3662,10.8778 10.3662,10.6335 L10.3662,6.2495 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Review our FAQ</strong></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></li></ul><ul class="nav-items right-align"><li><a class="nav-link" href="https://sellercentral.amazon.com/signin?ref_=sdus_soa_gn_sc-login_pn" data-cta-id="li_cta_pn" data-ld-append="SDLI_N_MM" target="_self" data-ld-track="true"><button class="nav-link-button "><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M11.4999,14.7004 C11.9442,14.7004 12.3247,14.5393 12.6415,14.2172 C12.9583,13.8951 13.1167,13.5116 13.1167,13.0668 L13.1167,6.88358 C13.1167,6.43932 12.9583,6.05612 12.6415,5.73398 C12.3247,5.41132 11.9386,5.24998 11.4831,5.24998 L11.3335,5.24998 L11.3335,3.91718 C11.3335,2.98385 11.0111,2.18945 10.3663,1.53398 C9.72203,0.878515 8.93323,0.550781 7.9999,0.550781 C7.06656,0.550781 6.27776,0.878514 5.6335,1.53398 C4.9887,2.18945 4.6663,2.98385 4.6663,3.91718 L4.6663,5.24998 L4.5167,5.24998 C4.06123,5.24998 3.6751,5.41132 3.3583,5.73398 C3.04149,6.05612 2.88309,6.43932 2.88309,6.88358 L2.88309,13.0668 C2.88309,13.5116 3.04149,13.8951 3.35829,14.2172 C3.67509,14.5393 4.06123,14.7004 4.51669,14.7004 L11.4999,14.7004 Z M7.9999,11.1668 C7.66656,11.1668 7.38336,11.0503 7.1503,10.8172 C6.9167,10.5836 6.7999,10.3001 6.7999,9.96678 C6.7999,9.63345 6.9167,9.35025 7.1503,9.11718 C7.38336,8.88358 7.66656,8.76678 7.9999,8.76678 C8.33323,8.76678 8.61643,8.88625 8.8495,9.12518 C9.0831,9.36412 9.1999,9.65025 9.1999,9.98358 C9.1999,10.3057 9.0831,10.5836 8.8495,10.8172 C8.61643,11.0503 8.33323,11.1668 7.9999,11.1668 Z M9.6999,5.24998 L6.2999,5.24998 L6.2999,3.91718 C6.2999,3.43931 6.4639,3.03105 6.7919,2.69238 C7.11936,2.35318 7.52203,2.18358 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selling with Amazon. </strong><a class="inline-link" href="https://sell.amazon.com/grow#nsi" data-cta-id="swm_hp" data-ld-append="SWM_HP">Learn how</a></small></span></div><ul class="right-align"></ul></div></div><nav><div class="has-max-width"><ul class="nav-items left-align"><li class="nav-overlay-drawer-trigger" aria-selected="false"><span class="nav-menu"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="nav-menu-open"><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M13.0001,11.6004 C13.1701,11.6004 13.3126,11.5432 13.4276,11.4289 C13.5426,11.3146 13.6001,11.1729 13.6001,11.0039 C13.6001,10.8349 13.5426,10.6921 13.4276,10.5754 C13.3126,10.4587 13.1701,10.4004 13.0001,10.4004 L3.00009,10.4004 C2.83009,10.4004 2.68759,10.4576 2.57259,10.5719 C2.45759,10.6862 2.40009,10.8279 2.40009,10.9969 C2.40009,11.1659 2.45759,11.3087 2.57259,11.4254 C2.68759,11.5421 2.83009,11.6004 3.00009,11.6004 L13.0001,11.6004 Z M13.0001,8.60039 C13.1701,8.60039 13.3126,8.54323 13.4276,8.42891 C13.5426,8.31458 13.6001,8.17291 13.6001,8.00391 C13.6001,7.8349 13.5426,7.69206 13.4276,7.57539 C13.3126,7.45873 13.1701,7.40039 13.0001,7.40039 L3.00009,7.40039 C2.83009,7.40039 2.68759,7.45755 2.57259,7.57187 C2.45759,7.68621 2.40009,7.82787 2.40009,7.99687 C2.40009,8.16589 2.45759,8.30872 2.57259,8.42539 C2.68759,8.54206 2.83009,8.60039 3.00009,8.60039 L13.0001,8.60039 Z M13.0001,5.60039 C13.1701,5.60039 13.3126,5.54323 13.4276,5.42891 C13.5426,5.31457 13.6001,5.17291 13.6001,5.00391 C13.6001,4.8349 13.5426,4.69206 13.4276,4.57539 C13.3126,4.45872 13.1701,4.40039 13.0001,4.40039 L3.00009,4.40039 C2.83009,4.40039 2.68759,4.45755 2.57259,4.57187 C2.45759,4.68621 2.40009,4.82787 2.40009,4.99687 C2.40009,5.16588 2.45759,5.30872 2.57259,5.42539 C2.68759,5.54206 2.83009,5.60039 3.00009,5.60039 L13.0001,5.60039 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" 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C10.9971,11.7501 10.8555,11.689 10.7332,11.5667 L7.99991,8.85007 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></span><div class="nav-overlay-drawer"><div><div class="accordion"><div class="accordion-row" aria-selected="false"><div class="accordion-title" data-cta-id="L1_a_start"><h3>Start</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M8.0822,10.4582 C8.19314,10.4582 8.30434,10.4361 8.4158,10.3918 C8.52674,10.3476 8.63207,10.2753 8.7318,10.175 L11.7486,7.15823 C11.9267,6.99183 12.0102,6.77796 11.999,6.51663 C11.9878,6.25583 11.8987,6.04196 11.7318,5.87503 C11.543,5.68623 11.3265,5.5945 11.0822,5.59983 C10.8379,5.6057 10.6267,5.69743 10.4486,5.87503 L8.0822,8.25823 L5.699,5.87503 C5.5214,5.69743 5.31314,5.60863 5.0742,5.60863 C4.83527,5.60863 4.6214,5.70303 4.4326,5.89183 C4.25447,6.06943 4.1654,6.28623 4.1654,6.54223 C4.1654,6.7977 4.25447,7.00863 4.4326,7.17503 L7.4326,10.175 C7.53234,10.2753 7.63767,10.3476 7.7486,10.3918 C7.86007,10.4361 7.97127,10.4582 8.0822,10.4582 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></div><div class="accordion-content"><div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Learn how to sell</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell/registration-guide" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_a_1_reg_guide"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/checklist_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Registering as a seller</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Review steps for creating a seller account</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell#list-products" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_a_2_list_prd"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/seller_fulfilled_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Listing products</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Find out how to match or create listings</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell#price-products" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_a_3_prc_prd"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/automate_pricing_usd_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Pricing products</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Understand how to set competitive prices</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell#fulfillment-method" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_a_4_fulfill"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_check_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Fulfilling customer orders</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Decide on a fulfillment method</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell#promote-products " target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_a_5_ads"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/ads_badge_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Promoting and advertising</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Drive discovery with promotions and ads</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Get the New Seller Guide</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/grow" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_b_1_nsg"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/explore_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><span class="badge"><small><strong>New</strong></small></span><strong>Explore the guide</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Generate 6x more first-year sales</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/brand-registry" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_b_2_br"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/brand_registry_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Brand Registry</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Protect and build your brand</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools/a-content" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_b_3_aplus"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_special_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>A+ Content</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Increase sales with better listings</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_b_4_fba"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_fast_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Fulfillment by Amazon</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Outsource shipping, returns, and customer service</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/grow#nsi" target="_self" data-cta-id="1L2_b_5_nsi"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/incentives_usd_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>New Seller Incentives</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Unlock $50,000 using the guide</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel nav-featured-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3></h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><a class="nav-link" href="https://sell.amazon.com/grow?lang=&amp;v=FX8M9XK8oH8" data-cta-id="1L2_feat_1_nsgvid"><div class="nav-link-card"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/nsg-mm-bgplay.webp" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-card-body"><span class="badge"><small><strong>Watch overview</strong></small></span><h3>Introducing the New Seller Guide</h3><small class="nav-link-description">Sellers who use the New Seller Guide during their first 90 days generate approximately 6x more first-year sales on average.</small></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-row" aria-selected="false"><div class="accordion-title" data-cta-id="L1_b_grow"><h3>Grow</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M8.0822,10.4582 C8.19314,10.4582 8.30434,10.4361 8.4158,10.3918 C8.52674,10.3476 8.63207,10.2753 8.7318,10.175 L11.7486,7.15823 C11.9267,6.99183 12.0102,6.77796 11.999,6.51663 C11.9878,6.25583 11.8987,6.04196 11.7318,5.87503 C11.543,5.68623 11.3265,5.5945 11.0822,5.59983 C10.8379,5.6057 10.6267,5.69743 10.4486,5.87503 L8.0822,8.25823 L5.699,5.87503 C5.5214,5.69743 5.31314,5.60863 5.0742,5.60863 C4.83527,5.60863 4.6214,5.70303 4.4326,5.89183 C4.25447,6.06943 4.1654,6.28623 4.1654,6.54223 C4.1654,6.7977 4.25447,7.00863 4.4326,7.17503 L7.4326,10.175 C7.53234,10.2753 7.63767,10.3476 7.7486,10.3918 C7.86007,10.4361 7.97127,10.4582 8.0822,10.4582 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></div><div class="accordion-content"><div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Optimize your operations</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs/supply-chain" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_a_1_sup_chain"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_arrow_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Outsource your supply chain</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get help with shipping, distribution, storage, and fulfillment</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs/fulfilled-by-merchant" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_a_2_fbm"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/warehousing_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Fulfill orders from your own warehouse</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get faster, cheaper, and more accurate deliveries</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon/fba-multi-channel" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_a_3_mcf"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_stack_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Fulfill orders across channels</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Use FBA inventory for sales on other channels</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/brand-registry" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_a_4_br"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/brand_centric_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Launch your brand</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Build customer loyalty with brand tools</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Reach more customers</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/advertising" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_b_1_ads"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/advertising_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Advertise with Amazon</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Advertise in and beyond the Amazon store</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs/amazon-business" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_b_2_amz_bus"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/small_medium_business_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Sell B2B</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Connect with business customers</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/global-selling" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_b_3_glob_sell"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/globe_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Sell globally</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Sell to Amazon customers worldwide</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs/buy-with-prime" target="_self" data-cta-id="2L2_b_4_bwp"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/click_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Offer Prime benefits on your website</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Offer fast, free delivery and a familiar checkout experience</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel nav-featured-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3></h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><a class="nav-link" href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs/supply-chain" data-cta-id="2L2_feat_1_sup_chain"><div class="nav-link-card"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/stock/shipping-containers_278664982.jpg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-card-body"><h3>Outsource your supply chain</h3><small class="nav-link-description">Get end-to-end supply chain management for multiple sales channels.</small></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-row" aria-selected="false"><div class="accordion-title" data-cta-id="L1_c_svrs"><h3>Services</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M8.0822,10.4582 C8.19314,10.4582 8.30434,10.4361 8.4158,10.3918 C8.52674,10.3476 8.63207,10.2753 8.7318,10.175 L11.7486,7.15823 C11.9267,6.99183 12.0102,6.77796 11.999,6.51663 C11.9878,6.25583 11.8987,6.04196 11.7318,5.87503 C11.543,5.68623 11.3265,5.5945 11.0822,5.59983 C10.8379,5.6057 10.6267,5.69743 10.4486,5.87503 L8.0822,8.25823 L5.699,5.87503 C5.5214,5.69743 5.31314,5.60863 5.0742,5.60863 C4.83527,5.60863 4.6214,5.70303 4.4326,5.89183 C4.25447,6.06943 4.1654,6.28623 4.1654,6.54223 C4.1654,6.7977 4.25447,7.00863 4.4326,7.17503 L7.4326,10.175 C7.53234,10.2753 7.63767,10.3476 7.7486,10.3918 C7.86007,10.4361 7.97127,10.4582 8.0822,10.4582 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></div><div class="accordion-content"><div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Tools</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools#apps-services" target="_self" data-cta-id="3L2_a_1_apps_svrs"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/app_store_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Find apps and service providers</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Find software and service providers</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools#brands" target="_self" data-cta-id="3L2_a_2_build_br"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/brand_registry_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Build your brand</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Try Amazon tools to grow brand loyalty</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools#feedback" target="_self" data-cta-id="3L2_a_3_feed"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/lightbulb_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Get feedback and insights</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Review customer traffic, sales, and ratings</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools" target="_self" data-cta-id=""><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>View all tools</strong></div></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Programs</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs#supply-chain" target="_self" data-cta-id="3L2_b_1_sup_chain"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/fulfillment_center_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Simplify your supply chain</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get help with shipping, storage, and fulfillment </small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs#engage" target="_self" data-cta-id="3L2_b_2_engage"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/customer_segments_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Engage with customers</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Advertise, promote, and connect with customers</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs#specialty-products" target="_self" data-cta-id="3L2_b_3_specialty"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/enhanced_content_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Sell specialty products</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Offer handmade, pre-owned, or customized items</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs" target="_self" data-cta-id=""><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>View all programs</strong></div></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel nav-featured-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3></h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><a class="nav-link" href="https://sell.amazon.com/brand-registry" data-cta-id="3L2_feat_1_br"><div class="nav-link-card"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/br-feature.webp" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-card-body"><h3>Amazon Brand Registry</h3><small class="nav-link-description">Enroll your brand with Amazon to access a suite of brand-building tools and protection benefits.</small></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-row" aria-selected="false"><div class="accordion-title" data-cta-id="L1_d_resources"><h3>Resources</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M8.0822,10.4582 C8.19314,10.4582 8.30434,10.4361 8.4158,10.3918 C8.52674,10.3476 8.63207,10.2753 8.7318,10.175 L11.7486,7.15823 C11.9267,6.99183 12.0102,6.77796 11.999,6.51663 C11.9878,6.25583 11.8987,6.04196 11.7318,5.87503 C11.543,5.68623 11.3265,5.5945 11.0822,5.59983 C10.8379,5.6057 10.6267,5.69743 10.4486,5.87503 L8.0822,8.25823 L5.699,5.87503 C5.5214,5.69743 5.31314,5.60863 5.0742,5.60863 C4.83527,5.60863 4.6214,5.70303 4.4326,5.89183 C4.25447,6.06943 4.1654,6.28623 4.1654,6.54223 C4.1654,6.7977 4.25447,7.00863 4.4326,7.17503 L7.4326,10.175 C7.53234,10.2753 7.63767,10.3476 7.7486,10.3918 C7.86007,10.4361 7.97127,10.4582 8.0822,10.4582 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></div><div class="accordion-content"><div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Learning</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/seller-university" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_a_1_lrn_su"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/seller_university_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Seller University</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Learn how to sell with Amazon</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_a_2_blog"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/reading_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Blog</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get ecommerce tips and info</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/case-studies" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_a_3_case_stud"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/video_clapper_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Case studies</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Read seller success stories</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/announcements" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_a_4_announc"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/information_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Announcements</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Stay up date on events and services</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn" target="_self" data-cta-id=""><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>View all resources</strong></div></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Guides</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell-online" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_b_1_sell_onl"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/computer_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>How to sell online</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get an overview for running an ecommerce business</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/what-is-ecommerce" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_b_2_ecomm"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/desktop_shopping_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>What is ecommerce?</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Understand how to launch an online sales channel</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/inventory-management" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_b_3_inventory"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_hand_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Inventory management best practices</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Discover how to manage and track your inventory</small></div></a></li></ul><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/what-is-dropshipping" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_b_4_dropship"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>What is dropshipping?</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Find out how to outsource handling and delivery</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/how-to-sell-books" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_b_5_books"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/book_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>How to sell books</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Learn how to sell books online</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/build-an-online-store" target="_self" data-cta-id="4L2_b_6_build_store"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/store_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>How to build an online store</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get tips for setting up an ecommerce storefront</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel nav-featured-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3></h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><a class="nav-link" href="https://sell.amazon.com/quiz?q=1" data-cta-id="4L2_feat_1_explorer"><div class="nav-link-card"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/business-quiz-feature.webp" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-card-body"><span class="badge"><small><strong>Take the quiz</strong></small></span><h3>Recommendations for your business</h3><small class="nav-link-description">Answer three questions and we’ll suggest the right resources for your business.</small></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-row" aria-selected="false"><div class="accordion-title" data-cta-id="L1_e_pricing"><h3>Pricing</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M8.0822,10.4582 C8.19314,10.4582 8.30434,10.4361 8.4158,10.3918 C8.52674,10.3476 8.63207,10.2753 8.7318,10.175 L11.7486,7.15823 C11.9267,6.99183 12.0102,6.77796 11.999,6.51663 C11.9878,6.25583 11.8987,6.04196 11.7318,5.87503 C11.543,5.68623 11.3265,5.5945 11.0822,5.59983 C10.8379,5.6057 10.6267,5.69743 10.4486,5.87503 L8.0822,8.25823 L5.699,5.87503 C5.5214,5.69743 5.31314,5.60863 5.0742,5.60863 C4.83527,5.60863 4.6214,5.70303 4.4326,5.89183 C4.25447,6.06943 4.1654,6.28623 4.1654,6.54223 C4.1654,6.7977 4.25447,7.00863 4.4326,7.17503 L7.4326,10.175 C7.53234,10.2753 7.63767,10.3476 7.7486,10.3918 C7.86007,10.4361 7.97127,10.4582 8.0822,10.4582 Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path></g></svg></div><div class="accordion-content"><div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Review fees and costs</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing" target="_self" data-cta-id="5L2_a_1_std_fees"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/cost_per_click_usd_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Standard selling fees</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Review selling plan and referral fees</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/optional-costs" target="_self" data-cta-id="5L2_a_2_opt"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/paid_service_usd_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Costs for optional services</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Understand costs for optional Amazon services</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon#fba-costs" target="_self" data-cta-id="5L2_a_3_fba"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/box_fast_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Costs for Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA)</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Get a breakdown of costs for this popular program</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3>Estimate fees and costs</h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><ul class="nav-column"><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/estimate#products" target="_self" data-cta-id="5L2_b_1_est"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/calculator_usd_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Get an estimate for a product</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Preview selling fees, fulfillment costs, and revenue</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/estimate#fulfillment" target="_self" data-cta-id="5L2_b_2_comp"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/package_tracking_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Compare estimates by fulfillment method</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Compare FBA with other fulfillment methods</small></div></a></li><li><a class="nav-link " href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/estimate#fba" target="_self" data-cta-id="5L2_b_3_inv"><img class="nav-link-icon" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/icon-outlined/shipping_options_outline.svg" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-content"><div class="nav-link-title "><strong>Get an estimate for your FBA inventory</strong></div><small class="nav-link-description">Preview selling fees and costs for your FBA products</small></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-panel nav-featured-panel"><div class="nav-panel-title"><h3></h3></div><div class="nav-panel-body"><a class="nav-link" href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/estimate#fulfillment" data-cta-id="5L2_feat_1_rev_cal"><div class="nav-link-card"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/rev-calc-feature.webp" loading="lazy"/><div class="nav-link-card-body"><h3>Revenue Calculator</h3><small class="nav-link-description">Calculate fees and costs for a product, comparing fulfillment methods.</small></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><ul class="nav-overlay-drawer-footer"><li class="nav-overlay-drawer-trigger" aria-selected="false"><span class="nav-language-picker nav-language-picker-text"><button class="nav-link-button "><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class=""><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M8.0168,14.7168 C7.09467,14.7168 6.22507,14.5419 5.408,14.192 C4.59147,13.8416 3.87494,13.3611 3.2584,12.7504 C2.64187,12.1392 2.1584,11.4251 1.808,10.608 C1.45814,9.79147 1.2832,8.91654 1.2832,7.9832 C1.2832,7.06107 1.45814,6.1944 1.808,5.3832 C2.1584,4.572 2.64187,3.86107 3.2584,3.2504 C3.87494,2.6392 4.59147,2.1584 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padding-right-xxlarge padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-xlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-flex-start flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="top" style="width:100%;background-image:url(&#x27;https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/colors/off-white.svg&#x27;);background-size:cover;background-position:top left"><div class="has-max-width"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-xlarge padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:75%"><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell is-fluid is-mobile-row" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="has-max-width"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell hover-scale-down hover-length-fast" id="" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><a class="link-container " href="/"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" 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amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell hover-scale-down hover-length-fast" id="" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><a class="link-container " href="/learn"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-squid-ink-dark font-size-medium ember font-normal">Learn</div></div></a></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-mini padding-right-mini padding-top-xxmini padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><div class=" image image-size-fit align-start lazy-loaded"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/breadcrumb-caret-granite.svg" alt="" title="" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/breadcrumb-caret-granite.svg"/></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-default ember font-normal">What is dropshipping</div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-small padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h1 class="heading align-start font-size-xxlarge color-squid-ink-dark ember font-heavy">What is dropshipping? How does it work in 2025?</h1></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-xxlarge padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-squid-ink font-size-large ember font-normal">Dropshipping is a fulfillment model that allows entrepreneurs to outsource handling and shipping products to a third party. This <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/ecommerce-fulfillment">fulfillment method</a> can appeal to entrepreneurs seeking efficiency and low overhead, but it has trade-offs. </div></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink border-radius-12px padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:25%"><div class=" image image-size-custom align-center inherit-container-props "><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/illustration/Vignettes/Pallet-Boxes.svg" alt="illustration of packages with Amazon Smile on pallets" title="" style="height:450px;width:auto"/></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><script type="text/javascript">;(function() { function script(csmMarker){if(window.ue){var uet=window.uet;"function"==typeof uet&&csmMarker&&uet(csmMarker)}} script("af"); })();</script></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-xxlarge padding-right-xxlarge padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="has-max-width"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-base padding-top-xlarge padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:25%"><div class="sidecar-widget theme-light "><ul><li class=" "><a href="#top">BACK TO TOP</a></li><li class=" "><a href="#what-is-dropshipping">Dropshipping business model</a></li><li class=" "><a href="#how-it-works">How does it work?</a></li><li class=" "><a href="#pros-cons">Pros and cons</a></li><li class=" "><a href="#is-it-right">Is it right for your business?</a></li><li class=" "><a href="#alternatives">Dropshipping alternatives</a></li><li class=" "><a href="#more-resources">Helpful resources</a></li><li class=" "><a href="#faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:75%"><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xlarge padding-bottom-xxlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-1px flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="has-max-width"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="what-is-dropshipping" style="width:100%"><h2 class="heading align-start font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">What is dropshipping?</h2></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Dropshipping is an order fulfillment option that allows ecommerce businesses to outsource the processes of procuring, storing, and shipping products to a third party—typically a supplier.<br/><br/>This fulfillment model commonly appeals to entrepreneurs seeking efficiency and low overhead, but it can come at a cost—especially when it comes to customer experience. This guide will cover what dropshipping is and explore how this fulfillment method can work. We’ll also look at a few dropshipping alternatives that can potentially save you time, lower your overhead, or simplify your business.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="edu_i_doa" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/dropshipping-on-amazon" class="link link-type-standard-dark">Learn more about Amazon&#x27;s dropshipping policies</a></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-xxlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-1px flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="has-max-width"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="what-is-dropshipping" style="width:100%"><h2 class="heading align-start font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">What is a dropshipping business model?</h2></div><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">In a dropshipping business model, you promote products and provide an <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/build-an-online-store">online storefront</a>. When a customer places an order, you send the order to the dropshipper and inform customers the products are on the way.<br/><strong><br/></strong>The rest of the physical fulfillment process is out of your hands. In some dropshipping agreements, you may also handle customer service, while the dropshipping service manages the physical goods and <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/ecommerce-fulfillment">fulfillment</a>.</div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-xxlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-1px flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="how-it-works" style="width:100%"><h2 class="heading align-start font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">How does dropshipping work?</h2></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">The exact logistics of dropshipping depend on your arrangement, but typically the dropshipping process follows this general sequence:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ol class="list " start="1"><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Seller signs agreement with dropshipper.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Customer orders online.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Seller receives order.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Customer receives an order confirmation.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Seller forwards the order to dropshipper.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Dropshipper ships the order.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Customer receives their product.</li></ol></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink border-radius-16px padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" image image-size-fit align-center inherit-container-props lazy-loaded"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/sandbox/How_Dropshipping_Works_680px.webp" alt="How Dropshipping Works" title="How Dropshipping Works" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/sandbox/How_Dropshipping_Works_680px.webp"/></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-minibase padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Dropshipping may appeal to entrepreneurs looking to sell generic products, but it can limit opportunities to build a brand and differentiate products. Businesses that use dropshipping may wind up competing on price, leading to low margins.<br/><br/>Looking for other ways to start a business? Here are 21 <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/online-business-ideas">online business ideas</a>.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-base padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="spacer"></div></div><div class="background-color-squid-ink-dark border-color-siren border-radius-16px padding-left-large padding-right-large padding-top-minibase padding-bottom-minibase border-left-8px border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-siren design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell is-fluid" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-mini padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><div class=" image image-size-original align-start "><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/icons/icon-pro-tip.svg" alt="Icon: lightbulb" title=""/></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-siren ember font-heavy">Pro tip</h3></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xmini padding-bottom-xmini border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-white ember font-heavy">Consider Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA)</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-white font-size-default ember font-normal">If you’re considering dropshipping for your <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/start-ecommerce-business">ecommerce business</a>, be sure to weigh several potential pros and cons—including some variations and alternatives, such as <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon">Fulfillment by Amazon</a>, that offer similar benefits.</div></div><div class="border-color-white padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-white design-Sell" id="edu_i_ef" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/ecommerce-fulfillment" class="link link-type-standard-light">Explore your fulfillment options</a></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-xxlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-1px flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="key-players" style="width:100%"><h2 class="heading align-start font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Key players in the dropshipping model</h2></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Let’s unpack some of the key players and their roles in detail, starting with the seller of record—in other words, your business.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="sor" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Seller of record</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">The dropshipping process starts with you. As the seller of record (SoR), you’re the individual identified as selling the product to the end consumer. You set the price, record the purchase as revenue, and assume responsibility for the sales tax on a particular sale. Even when a third party stocks and ships the items, you’re the seller of record because you own the products before they ship to the customer. <br/><br/>For Amazon sellers, using a dropshipping service is generally allowed by <a href="https://sellercentral.amazon.com/gp/help/external/201808410?ref_=sdus_soa_sov_ds_xscus_201808410">Amazon dropshipping policy</a>, as long as you’re the seller of record and identify yourself as such.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="manufacturers" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Manufacturers</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Manufacturers make products to sell to wholesalers and retailers. You can purchase goods from manufacturers, but the bulk purchase amounts they may require can potentially be a barrier to starting or scaling your business. Some manufacturers may offer dropshipping services.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="wholesalers" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Wholesalers</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">In a typical product supply chain, wholesalers buy from manufacturers and sell to retailers at a slight markup. They function as middlemen; generally, they do not sell to the end consumers but may provide dropshipping services to retailers.<br/><br/>Determine which dropshipping providers could be right for you based on your business model and fulfillment requirements, <a href="">among other factors</a>.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="edu_i_htfw" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/how-to-find-wholesalers" class="link link-type-standard-dark">How to find wholesalers and suppliers for your business</a></div></div></div><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-xxlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-1px flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="pros-cons" style="width:100%"><h2 class="heading align-start font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Potential pros and cons of dropshipping</h2></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">In ecommerce, as in life, there are advantages and disadvantages to any fulfillment approach. Whether the gains are worth the pain largely depends on your goals and business situation. Here are potential pros and cons to consider when weighing whether dropshipping is right for your business.<br/><br/>Possible benefits of dropshipping include:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Overhead costs:</strong> Since you don’t store or ship the products, dropshipping has the potential to lower overhead costs, such as maintaining a storage facility or sending products to customers.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Starting costs:</strong> Entrepreneurs looking to start a business with minimal investment may turn to dropshipping as they don’t need to invest in facilities or resources to process orders.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Reduced risk: </strong>Since you don’t have to pay for inventory, there’s less risk of losing money due to lost merchandise or over-ordering products.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Multi-channel selling:</strong> You can use dropshipping for your business while selling on your own domain, through a store like Amazon, or social media channels —or all of the above.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Operating location:</strong> Dropshipping allows you to fulfill orders regardless of your operating location, opening up a possibility to work from anywhere.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Scalability:</strong> Leveraging suppliers can make it feasible to accept more orders without increasing the inventory you store, package, and ship.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Wide variety of products: </strong>Depending on your agreement, there may be no need to pre-purchase inventory, so you can sell a broad range of items and increase your earning potential.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Flexibility:</strong> Not sure what goods to sell? Dropshipping allows you to test different goods to <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/product-ideas">see what sells best</a>, without worrying about losing your investment.</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Potential limitations for dropshipping include:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Competition:</strong> Given the low cost and investment to get started, dropshipping is a highly competitive field.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Product quality:</strong> Dropshipping reduces your involvement in the order fulfillment process, curtailing your ability to monitor and guarantee product quality.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Branding:</strong> Because the products you sell may not be unique or distinguishable from similar offerings by other sellers, you could have trouble differentiating your offering.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Profit margins:</strong> Little to no product differentiators means your business may end up competing more aggressively on price. Selling at low prices can eat up your profit margin.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Fulfillment timeline:</strong> When a dropshipping service handles the fulfillment process, you do not have control over order selection, packaging, and shipment.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Inventory management:</strong> Up-to-the-minute updates on what is available in stock may not be possible. If a customer places an order only to find the product is out of stock, this poor experience can discourage future orders and damage your brand.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Range of offers:</strong> Because you don’t handle order fulfillment, you may be limited in the special offers and promotions you can run, such as bundling or free shipping.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Supplier errors:</strong> Low-quality dropshippers may make mistakes when fulfilling customer orders. This could lead to botched orders, low-end packing, and missing items.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Complex customer service:</strong> With dropshipping, you’re still responsible for your reputation and keeping customers happy. If things go wrong with the fulfillment process, managing customer support might be up to you.</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">For some businesses, dropshipping limitations do not outweigh the potential benefits. Luckily, if you want to lower your <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/inventory-management">inventory management</a> and <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/ecommerce-fulfillment">order fulfillment</a> costs, a service like <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon">Fulfillment by Amazon</a> may be an option. For some sellers, FBA provides a happy medium, offering many of the benefits of dropshipping without the downsides.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-base padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="vid_i" style="width:100%"><a class="link-container " href="https://sell.amazon.com/brands/case-studies/hope-and-henry"><div class="border-color-snow border-radius-16px padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-1px border-right-1px border-top-1px border-bottom-1px flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell has-box-shadow box-shadow-light hover-scale-up hover-length-fast" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="background-color-siren bg-no-repeat border-color-squid-ink border-radius-8px padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xlarge padding-bottom-xlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-center flex-justify-content flex-justify-content-center amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:33.333333333333336%;background-image:url(&#x27;https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/hope-and-henry-02-sq.webp&#x27;);background-size:cover;background-position:top center"><div class=" image image-size-custom align-start "><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/sandbox/Illustrations/SellonAmazon.png" alt="play video icon" title="" style="height:0px;width:auto"/></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-base padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-center amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:66.66666666666667%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell is-fluid" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="background-color-snow border-color-squid-ink border-radius-4px padding-left-xmini padding-right-xmini padding-top-xxmini padding-bottom-xxmini border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><div class="text align-center color-granite font-size-small ember font-bold">Case Study</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><div class="spacer"></div></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xmini border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-bold">How Hope &amp; Henry used FBA to grow their brand quickly</h3></div><div class="push-content border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-small ember font-normal">&quot;We were able to launch without having a distribution center. We were able to launch without having people dedicated to fulfilling inventory. That’s a big deal.&quot;</div></div><div class="border-color-prime-morning padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-justify-content flex-justify-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-prime-morning design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-squid-ink font-size-small ember font-bold">Matt McCauley</div></div><div class="border-color-prime-morning padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-flex-start flex-justify-content flex-justify-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-prime-morning design-Sell is-fluid" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-xsmall ember font-normal">CEO/Founder, Hope &amp; Henry</div></div></div></div></a></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="fba" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Fulfillment by Amazon: A dropshipping alternative with added perks</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon">Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA)</a> offers similar benefits to dropshipping while giving you more control over your brand experience. You don’t need to sell products in the Amazon store to use FBA—although with an audience of <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/271450/monthly-unique-visitors-to-us-retail-websites/">200 million unique visitors</a> each month, Amazon is a selling channel worth considering.<br/><br/>With FBA, you store products in an Amazon fulfillment center, and we:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Offer quick delivery with Prime Shipping</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Manage customer service</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Take care of returns</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Notify you when you need to restock products</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/amazon-fba-for-beginners">How FBA works</a></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">You decide the products and quantities you’d like to fulfill and send them our way.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">We receive products into our network and store them in Amazon fulfillment centers.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">As orders arrive, we pick, pack, and ship the products on your behalf.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Amazon manages customer service and returns on these orders.</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="vid_i" style="width:100%"><a class="link-container video-popup-link-container" href="#" data-youtube-id="dKKcsOv1pe8" data-video-title="Get started with FBA"><div class="border-color-snow border-radius-16px padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-1px border-right-1px border-top-1px border-bottom-1px flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell has-box-shadow box-shadow-light hover-scale-up hover-length-fast" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="background-color-siren bg-no-repeat border-color-squid-ink border-radius-8px padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xlarge padding-bottom-xlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-center flex-justify-content flex-justify-content-center amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:33.333333333333336%;background-image:url(&#x27;https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/video/thumbnails/ways-to-ship-poster.webp&#x27;);background-size:cover;background-position:top center"><div class=" image image-size-custom align-start "><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/sandbox/Illustrations/SellonAmazon.png" alt="play video icon" title="" style="height:0px;width:auto"/></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-base padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-center amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:66.66666666666667%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell is-fluid" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="background-color-horizon bg-no-repeat border-color-squid-ink border-radius-4px padding-left-xmini padding-right-xmini padding-top-xxmini padding-bottom-xxmini border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%;background-image:url(&#x27;https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/colors/blue-50.svg&#x27;);background-size:cover;background-position:center center"><div class="text align-center color-prime-afternoon font-size-small ember font-bold">Video</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-mini padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><div class="text align-start color-prime-afternoon font-size-small ember font-normal">5:35</div></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xmini border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-bold">Get started with FBA</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="vid_i" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-default ember font-normal">Use Fulfillment By Amazon (FBA) to offer Prime shipping to your customers and have Amazon pick, pack, and ship orders on your behalf. In this video, you’ll learn how FBA works and where to access additional FBA tools and resources.</div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-1px flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="is-it-right" style="width:100%"><h2 class="heading align-start font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Is dropshipping right for you?</h2></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">It depends on your business. Here are a few questions to ask yourself if you’re considering dropshipping.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="build" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">How do you want to build your brand?</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Your brand is the look and feel of customer-facing aspects of your business. Building a memorable brand impression can help grow customer loyalty.<br/><br/>While you may be able to create a <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/what-is-amazon-brand-registry">branded online experience</a>, dropshipping gives you less control over product quality, delivery experience, and the aesthetics of the final package. If the products and packaging fall short of expectations, a customer may choose not to purchase from your brand again. <br/><br/>Dropshipping suppliers often offer little room for product customization. This limitation may make it difficult to set your brand apart from the competition.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="quality" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">How much control do you want over product quality?</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Product quality can have a big impact on other aspects of your business such as customer acquisition, brand loyalty, and returns. While you may be able to inspect the quality of products at the start of your dropshipping relationship, you will likely have limited control over the quality of the items you sell on an ongoing basis. <br/><br/>If the products fail to meet customer expectations, your business could receive negative <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools/customer-reviews">customer reviews</a>.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink border-radius-16px padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" image image-size-fit align-center inherit-container-props lazy-loaded"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/dropshipping-reviewing-mobile-app_21-9_1280._CB1198675309_.webp" alt="illustration of man looking at customer reviews on mobile device" title="" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/dropshipping-reviewing-mobile-app_21-9_1280._CB1198675309_.webp"/></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-base padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="ship" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">How quickly do you want to ship products?</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Ecommerce customers tend to expect quick shipping. In a recent survey, nearly <a href="https://retailwire.com/discussion/survey-says-consumers-want-online-orders-shipped-fast-and-free/">84% of people</a> surveyed regarded delivery as an essential part of their online shopping experience. <br/><br/>Long shipping times can negatively impact your business. When working with a dropshipping supplier, review its standard shipping costs and delivery timeframes.<br/><br/>For sellers looking for fast order fulfillment services, a service like <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon">FBA</a> can be valuable.</div></div><div class="background-color-squid-ink-dark border-color-siren border-radius-16px padding-left-large padding-right-large padding-top-minibase padding-bottom-minibase border-left-8px border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-siren design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell is-fluid" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-mini padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><div class=" image image-size-original align-start "><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/dyk-question-mark.svg" alt="" title=""/></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-siren ember font-heavy">Did you know?</h3></div></div><div class="border-color-aqua padding-left-zero padding-right-base padding-top-xsmall padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-flex-start flex-align-content-flex-start flex-justify-content flex-justify-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-aqua design-Sell is-fluid" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-snow font-size-medium ember font-normal">During the 2019 U.S. holiday season, independent third-party sellers—mostly small and medium-sized businesses—sold and shipped over <a href="https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/customers-shopped-record-levels-holiday-season-billions-items">100 million items</a> with Prime Free One-Day Delivery.</div></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-base padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="capital" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">How much capital do you have access to?</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">In some cases, the dropshipping business model allows you to hold off on product procurement until customers actually place orders. This can make dropshipping attractive to entrepreneurs who want to get a business up and running with limited inventory investment. Some alternatives like third-party fulfillment also allow you to launch and run your business with less capital compared to sourcing, storing, and shipping products on your own.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">What is your target profit margin?</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Compared to other business models, such as owning a retail store or building your own order fulfillment center, dropshipping has a lower barrier to entry. Unfortunately, this can mean more competition for your business. <br/><br/>The playing field can be highly competitive for businesses that use dropshipping. Dropshipping sellers are commonly able to offer products at low prices because they’ve invested so little. If you use dropshipping for your business, you may earn low profit margins.<br/><br/>You might be able to overcome some of these issues if you position your business within a niche outside of any hyper-competitive field. Find potentially profitable or less competitive niches through market research, networking, and sales. Or invest in differentiating your brand.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Are you ready to handle supply and inventory issues?</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">If you choose to use dropshipping, you may have little to no control over the supply chain. Delays in production might determine how many orders your dropshipper is able to fulfill. Having to disappoint your customers by informing them an item is out-of-stock is hopefully the exception and not the rule. Sourcing products through multiple dropshipping services is one way to avoid running low on product inventory. When one supplier is out of a needed product, you can rely on another. However, working with multiple suppliers adds complexity to logistics and fulfillment, which may defeat the purpose of a dropshipping strategy.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">How will you handle refunds, returns, and replacements?</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Returns are an inevitable part of <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/what-is-ecommerce">ecommerce business</a>. Sometimes the return process can be as simple as a customer contacting you regarding an item they would like to return. The customer sends back the product, then you refund the customer and contact the dropshipping supplier to credit or reimburse you. But this is not always the case. <br/><br/>Be prepared for more complex return and replacement processes. Take the time to understand how a dropshipping service handles returns before creating your refund and return policy. <br/><br/>Think through the steps of the ecommerce transaction. Here are some examples of questions to ask before signing on with a dropshipping supplier:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Who is responsible for defects?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Who covers return shipping fees for defective items?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">What are the supplier’s restocking fees?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">What is the return window for customers?</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Questions like these can help you understand a dropshipping agreement and help paint a clearer picture of the potential costs involved before you make changes to your business model.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink border-radius-16px padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" image image-size-fit align-center inherit-container-props lazy-loaded"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/dropshipping-customer-service_21-9_1280.webp" alt="illustration of seller answering customer questions via online chat" title="" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/dropshipping-customer-service_21-9_1280.webp"/></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-base padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">How will you manage customer fulfillment questions and concerns?</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Even though you may not physically handle the products, you may still need to respond to customer questions and concerns about a shipment, delivery, or product quality. <br/><br/>A seemingly small miscommunication with your dropshipping supplier can result in negative reviews and poor customer experience. To avoid this, consider the entire purchasing process from the customer’s vantage point. Pay special attention to the following aspects of the customer experience:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">After ordering, do customers get a shipping notification on when to expect their orders?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Do packages arrive in the expected time frame?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Do products arrive in proper condition?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Is the packaging a good reflection of your brand?</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Optimize each of these touchpoints to create a positive customer experience, which can help you earn <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools/vine">positive reviews and build brand loyalty</a>.</div></div></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-base padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h2 class="heading align-start font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">How to build a dropshipping business in 2025</h2></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Have you run another internet business? Starting a dropshipping business might share similarities with your experience. Here are some recommendations and steps to take:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Select a niche:</strong> Although you can sell a range of products, consider choosing a specialty area where you can <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/brand-registry">build your brand</a>. This can also help set you apart from competitors and define the audience you want to market toward.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Conduct competitor research:</strong> Before deciding on a niche, check out the competition. Are there a lot of businesses selling in the same niche? That could indicate the market is saturated and might be tough to break into. Are large brands competing for the same customers? If so, then you might be better off pursuing a different niche as a new brand.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Find a quality dropshipper:</strong> Choose a dropshipper with a great reputation for accurate and on-time deliveries, as well as quality products.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Create an online store:</strong> Represent your brand online with an ecommerce storefront. An online store can be a branded destination for customers to learn about your business and the products you offer.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Encourage sales with marketing:</strong> Use a mix of <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/advertising/sponsored-products">paid ads</a> on search engines and social media to capture attention and drive traffic to products. If you’re selling in an online store like Amazon, you can <a href="https://advertising.amazon.com/">leverage advertising</a> to rank in search results.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Analyze and optimize listings:</strong> Amazon offers a brand analytics dashboard to keep track of store metrics. Monitor this data to keep an eye on sales trends, learn how customers find the products you offer, and get insights into why they buy certain items. Use this knowledge to improve your catalog by adding high-demand products. You can also <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/amazon-seo">optimize listings</a> to increase your ranking in search results.</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-base padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-1px border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%" data-tab-content-id="choose-supplier"><h2 class="heading align-start font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">How to choose a dropshipping supplier</h2></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">It’s key to find a reputable and reliable dropshipper that can help you achieve success selling online. You’ll also want to avoid common dropshipping issues, such as botched orders, late shipments, and missing items.<br/><br/>But what should you look for in a dropshipper? <br/><br/>Here are a few ideas:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Go directly to the manufacturer to reduce or eliminate involvement of middlemen.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Review a dropshipper’s website to see if the business is reputable. (For instance, does it list contact information?)</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Look at <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools/customer-reviews">customer reviews</a> to see what others have to say about their experiences with the supplier.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Request product samples to measure shipping speed and product quality.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Test the dropshipper’s customer support. How long does it take to get a response? Did they resolve your problem?</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Reach out to the dropshipping supplier and ask the following questions:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">What are your policies for handling returns and damaged goods?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">What’s your order fulfillment speed from sale to final delivery?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Is insurance provided for orders?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Is fraud protection available?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Do you supply tracking numbers for shipments?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">What’s the billing process?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">What terms are included in the dropshipping agreement contract?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">How much do you charge per sale?</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Is there a handling fee? Are there any other fees?</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-base padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-1px border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%" data-tab-content-id="costs-and-profitability"><h2 class="heading align-start font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">What are the costs and profitability potential of dropshipping?</h2></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Your investment in starting a dropshipping business will typically be a lot lower than other ecommerce models because you don’t have to pay for inventory up front. However, you might have other business startup fees to take into account, such as:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Website domain:</strong> Varies depending on where you purchase, but can run from about $5 to $25 or more per year.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Website hosting:</strong> Varies depending on the hosting provider, but can range from roughly $5 and upwards of $80 per month.</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Advertising costs:</strong> You decide how much you spend daily, weekly, or monthly. Rates will vary based on the search term you’re targeting. (The higher the competition, the higher the rate per click.)</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Sample orders:</strong> The cost to order samples is typically lower than full price, but can range widely depending on the type of product (e.g., T-shirts compared to electric razors).</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember "><strong>Tools:</strong> Using product sourcing software and keyword discovery tools can help give you competitive advantage, and range from $10 to $200 per month or more.</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">The profit potential for a dropshipping business is limitless but it depends on the demand and competition for your niche. Focus on excellent marketing and advertising for a high-demand, low-competition niche to improve your chances of earning more. <br/><br/>Some dropshipping companies are earning hundreds of thousands per year, while others are earning much less. It’s impossible to guarantee the amount you’ll earn when starting out, since your marketing methods, the economy, and other factors can play a big role in outcomes. <br/><br/>You can also review profit margins to get an idea of the profitability potential.</div></div><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-xxlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-1px flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink border-radius-16px padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="alternatives" style="width:100%"><div class=" image image-size-fit align-center inherit-container-props lazy-loaded"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/dropshipping-returns_21-9_1280.webp " alt="illustration of a fulfillment center, a support representative, and a package with return label" title="" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/dropshipping-returns_21-9_1280.webp "/></div></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-base padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h2 class="heading align-start font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Alternatives to dropshipping</h2></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">If dropshipping is not right for your ecommerce business, there are alternatives. Here are a few options if your goal is to outsource fulfillment.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-base padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Outsource storing and shipping products with third-party fulfillment</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">As an alternative to dropshipping, some sellers purchase products in bulk, then enlist the help of a <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/ecommerce-fulfillment">third-party fulfillment service</a> to store items, pick and pack orders, and handle the shipping to customers. <br/><br/>This approach allows you to procure products upfront, potentially at lower costs. You can also:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Assess the quality of items before they ship to the fulfillment center</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Offer promotions and special offers on products</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Offer <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/brand-registry#virtual-bundles">product bundling</a> or subscription services through some providers</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">If you would like to outsource fulfillment while maintaining control over product quality, learn about <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon">FBA</a>.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Create your own branded products</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">At some point in the life of your business, you may require specialty products featuring your own branding. Selling branded products can help your business grow by helping you:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Differentiate your business from other ecommerce brands</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Earn customer loyalty by building a unique online experience</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Building a memorable <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/brand-registry">ecommerce brand identity</a></li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Building brand recognition to help you launch future products</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Build an asset, your brand identity</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Some sellers find a dropshipping supplier to add individualized touches like special packaging and branding and create branded products or white label products.<br/><br/>Another option is to have a manufacturer produce branded products in bulk, then use <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBfa-JwqDY8">FBA</a> for distribution. This method lets you take advantage of Amazon’s fast Prime Shipping, helping you stand out in the crowded ecommerce market.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Focus on promotion and earn a commission through affiliate marketing</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Affiliate marketing is a different business model altogether, but it’s worth considering if you’d prefer to avoid managing customers, orders, and returns entirely.<br/><br/>Affiliate marketers don’t sell any products at all. Instead, they promote products for an ecommerce retailer and collect a commission when a customer purchases through a unique referral link.<br/><br/>While affiliate marketing is an advertising business model as opposed to a retail solution, it can provide benefits such as minimizing startup or overhead costs while allowing you to build an audience and earn money when products you promote to your audience result in sales.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">How affiliate marketing works</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">With affiliate marketing, you market a product online and include a link for customers to buy the item. The link takes customers to a website where they can place an order directly. You get paid when the customer uses your referral link and makes a purchase. The supplier handles the order confirmation, fulfillment, and shipping.<br/><br/>Affiliate marketing can be a way to jumpstart your ecommerce business or monetize an existing asset such as a blog or email list. Since you don’t stock, process, or ship the products, you may be able to operate with relatively low overhead costs. You can also:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Start an affiliate marketing business using your own website or social media accounts</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Outsource customer management to your supplier, which then acts as the seller of record and handles customer communication</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Outsource returns or order management to your supplier</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Unlike dropshipping, if you use affiliate marketing, your supplier handles returns for products. Thus, there may be a set window in which the supplier holds your commission payment, after which you get paid.</div></div><div class="background-color-squid-ink-dark border-color-siren border-radius-16px padding-left-large padding-right-large padding-top-minibase padding-bottom-minibase border-left-8px border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-siren design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell is-fluid" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-mini padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><div class=" image image-size-original align-start "><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/dyk-question-mark.svg" alt="" title=""/></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-siren ember font-heavy">Did you know?</h3></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xmini padding-bottom-xmini border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-white ember font-heavy">Amazon has an affiliate marketing program</h3></div><div class="border-color-aqua padding-left-zero padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-flex-start flex-align-content-flex-start flex-justify-content flex-justify-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-aqua design-Sell is-fluid" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-snow font-size-medium ember font-normal">You can earn a commission on orders customers make from referral links on your website, email, or social media channels.</div></div><div class="border-color-white padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-white design-Sell" id="edu_i_aa" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://affiliate-program.amazon.com/" class="link link-type-external-light" target="_blank">Learn about Amazon Associates</a></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-xxlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h2 class="heading align-start font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Conclusion</h2></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">At the end of the day, only you can decide whether dropshipping is right for your business or not. <br/><br/>While it may be appealing not to handle physical products, pay for warehouse space, ship orders, or manage stock levels, there are drawbacks as well. Weigh your options and goals in order to find the right online selling and fulfillment strategy to help you grow your ecommerce business.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-start font-size-medium color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Working toward the launch of your online store?</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Get tips on <a href="/ecommerce-business-guide.html?ref_=sdus_soa_sov_ds_ecomm">starting your ecommerce business</a> and find out how independent sellers, startups, and established brands have flourished selling in the Amazon store.</div></div></div><div class="border-color-snow border-radius-16px padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-xxlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-1px border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="more-resources" style="width:100%"><div class="has-max-width"><div class="background-color-horizon bg-no-repeat border-color-squid-ink border-radius-16px padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-small padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%;background-image:url(&#x27;https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/colors/off-white.svg&#x27;);background-size:cover;background-position:center center"><div class="has-max-width"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-mini padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="resources" style="width:100%"><h3 class="heading align-center font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Helpful resources</h3></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-mini padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-center color-squid-ink font-size-medium ember font-normal">Whether you’re looking to start a new brand, expand an existing brick-and-mortar business, or increase ecommerce sales, here are some resources to support your path to success.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="has-max-width"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="edu_pf_so" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell-online" class="link link-type-standard-dark" target="_blank">How to sell online</a></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xsmall padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="edu_pf_rg" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell/registration-guide" class="link link-type-standard-dark" target="_blank">Seller registration guide</a></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="edu_pf_pi" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/product-ideas" class="link link-type-standard-dark" target="_blank">Find profitable product ideas</a></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="edu_pf_htfw" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/how-to-find-wholesalers" class="link link-type-standard-dark" target="_blank">Source products</a></div></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="edu_pf_baos" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/build-an-online-store" class="link link-type-standard-dark" target="_blank">Build an online store</a></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-xsmall padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="edu_pf_ef" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/ecommerce-fulfillment" class="link link-type-standard-dark" target="_blank">Fulfill orders</a></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="edu_pf_ef" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/inventory-management" class="link link-type-standard-dark" target="_blank">Inventory management</a></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="edu_pf_br" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/brand-management" class="link link-type-standard-dark" target="_blank">Manage your brand</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-snow padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-xsmall border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-1px border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell" id="faq" style="width:100%"><h2 class="heading align-start font-size-large color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Frequently Asked Questions</h2></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope="" itemProp="mainEntity" itemType="https://schema.org/Question" class="accordion accordion-border-top accordion-type-light" data-is-faq="true"><div itemProp="name" class="title align-start">What is dropshipping?</div><div itemscope="" itemProp="acceptedAnswer" itemType="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><div itemProp="text"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Dropshipping is a business model that allows you to <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell-online">sell products online</a> without having to own or operate the physical location where those products are stored and processed. This means you can start an ecommerce store and sell a wide range of products without handling inventory and fulfillment.</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope="" itemProp="mainEntity" itemType="https://schema.org/Question" class="accordion accordion-type-light" data-is-faq="true"><div itemProp="name" class="title align-start">How profitable is dropshipping?</div><div itemscope="" itemProp="acceptedAnswer" itemType="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><div itemProp="text"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">How much you earn as a dropshipping business depends on various factors. These can include:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-xxlarge padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Competitiveness of your niche</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Customer demand for the products</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Advertising and marketing budget</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Quality of the products</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Also consider the dropshipper’s process. Be sure to research dropshippers and select the right niche, <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/product-ideas">product</a>, and <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/how-to-find-wholesalers">suppliers</a> for your business.</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope="" itemProp="mainEntity" itemType="https://schema.org/Question" class="accordion accordion-type-light" data-is-faq="true"><div itemProp="name" class="title align-start">Is dropshipping good for beginners?</div><div itemscope="" itemProp="acceptedAnswer" itemType="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><div itemProp="text"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Dropshipping can be a great option if you want a business model with low overhead and starting costs. However, there are some <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/what-is-dropshipping#pros-cons">trade-offs to consider</a> and some <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/what-is-dropshipping#alternatives">alternatives to the dropshipping business model </a>that can offer some benefits of dropshipping as well.</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope="" itemProp="mainEntity" itemType="https://schema.org/Question" class="accordion accordion-type-light" data-is-faq="true"><div itemProp="name" class="title align-start">Is dropshipping legal?</div><div itemscope="" itemProp="acceptedAnswer" itemType="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><div itemProp="text"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Yes, dropshipping is a legal method of order fulfillment. <br/><br/>Do your homework on possible dropshipping suppliers and thoroughly review any dropshipping contracts in an effort to avoid surprises and bad actors down the line.</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope="" itemProp="mainEntity" itemType="https://schema.org/Question" class="accordion accordion-type-light" data-is-faq="true"><div itemProp="name" class="title align-start">Will dropshipping help make my business profitable?</div><div itemscope="" itemProp="acceptedAnswer" itemType="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><div itemProp="text"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Not necessarily. Businesses that use dropshipping services commonly operate on slim profit margins due to competition. Dropshipping may be a viable possibility for your business, but you could find yourself confronted with a tradeoff between low overhead and upfront costs versus lower profit margins.</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope="" itemProp="mainEntity" itemType="https://schema.org/Question" class="accordion accordion-type-light" data-is-faq="true"><div itemProp="name" class="title align-start">Is dropshipping allowed in Amazon stores?</div><div itemscope="" itemProp="acceptedAnswer" itemType="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><div itemProp="text"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Yes, as long as your business meets Amazon criteria, you can <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/dropshipping-on-amazon">use dropshipping for your business when you sell in the Amazon store</a>.<br/><br/>To use dropshipping services for your business in the Amazon store, you must:</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-xxlarge padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><ul class="list "><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Be the seller of record of your products</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Identify yourself as the seller of your products on all packing slips, invoices, and external packaging</li><li class="color-storm font-size-small ember ">Be responsible for accepting and processing customer returns of your products</li></ul></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-xxlarge padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="edu_i_help" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sellercentral.amazon.com/gp/help/external/201808410?ref_=sdus_soa_sov_ds_xscus_201808410" class="link link-type-standard-dark">Read Amazon’s dropshipping policy and a full list of criteria</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope="" itemProp="mainEntity" itemType="https://schema.org/Question" class="accordion accordion-type-light" data-is-faq="true"><div itemProp="name" class="title align-start">Does Amazon offer dropshipping services?</div><div itemscope="" itemProp="acceptedAnswer" itemType="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><div itemProp="text"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) is an alternative to using a dropshipping supplier. You procure products from your supplier of choice while Amazon handles the shipping, customer service, and returns on your behalf. <br/><br/><a href="/fulfillment-by-amazon/fba-multi-channel.html?ref_=sdus_soa_sov_ds_mcf">Multi-channel fulfillment</a> allows you to use FBA even when you sell your products through your own domain or other ecommerce channels.</div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-xxlarge padding-top-small padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="edu_i_fba" style="width:100%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon?ref_=sdus_soa_sov_ds_fba" class="link link-type-standard-dark">Learn more about FBA</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope="" itemProp="mainEntity" itemType="https://schema.org/Question" class="accordion accordion-type-light" data-is-faq="true"><div itemProp="name" class="title align-start">What’s the difference between dropship manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers?</div><div itemscope="" itemProp="acceptedAnswer" itemType="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><div itemProp="text"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">With dropshipping, the seller of record does not handle the product directly but instead uses a third party to source and store products, and ship orders directly to customers. Any party in the supply chain can dropship, including manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. A manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer’s role doesn’t change based on the seller’s fulfillment method. For more details on how manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers fit into the dropshipping process, see <a href="#">key players in the dropshipping model</a>.</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope="" itemProp="mainEntity" itemType="https://schema.org/Question" class="accordion accordion-type-light" data-is-faq="true"><div itemProp="name" class="title align-start">What’s the difference between dropshipping and retail arbitrage?</div><div itemscope="" itemProp="acceptedAnswer" itemType="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><div itemProp="text"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Retail arbitrage is the process of sourcing products from a retailer and selling the items at a higher price. Essentially, a seller re-sells products already available to the public to make a profit. <br/><br/>Retail arbitrage can be a labor-intensive venture as it requires you to consistently discover discounted items you can “flip” to make a profit. Sellers might find it challenging to rely on retail arbitrage when combined with a dropshipping method of order fulfillment, especially if the business model already operates on slim margins.</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope="" itemProp="mainEntity" itemType="https://schema.org/Question" class="accordion accordion-type-light" data-is-faq="true"><div itemProp="name" class="title align-start">Do I need to register my business to use a dropshipping supplier?</div><div itemscope="" itemProp="acceptedAnswer" itemType="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><div itemProp="text"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">While it is possible to operate your online store without a business license, you may be leaving yourself open to issues down the line. Registering as a Limited Liability Company (LLC) or another formal entity can reduce your liability and show potential suppliers you’re a legitimate business.</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-cumulus padding-left-base padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-cumulus design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div itemscope="" itemProp="mainEntity" itemType="https://schema.org/Question" class="accordion accordion-type-light" data-is-faq="true"><div itemProp="name" class="title align-start">Do dropshipping companies ship internationally?</div><div itemscope="" itemProp="acceptedAnswer" itemType="https://schema.org/Answer" class="content"><div itemProp="text"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-storm font-size-medium ember font-normal">Yes, some do. Shipping rates, timeframes, and fees will vary between companies. If you want to reach customers worldwide, be sure to investigate the details of international order fulfillment as you research different dropshipping options. <br/><br/>Amazon operates fulfillment centers around the world and <a href="/fulfillment-by-amazon/fba-international.html?ref_=sdus_fba_sov_ds_fbaww">FBA international programs</a> can help you reach customers in other countries.</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-xxlarge padding-right-xxlarge padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-xxlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="has-max-width"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="spacer"></div></div><div class="bg-no-repeat border-color-squid-ink border-radius-16px padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-stretch flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell snippet-right-left-article" id="" style="width:100%;background-image:url(&#x27;https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/colors/off-white.svg&#x27;);background-size:cover;background-position:center center"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-base padding-right-base padding-top-xxlarge padding-bottom-xxlarge border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-stretch amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><h2 class="heading align-center font-size-xxlarge color-squid-ink ember font-heavy">Start selling today</h2></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="rp_cta_pf" style="width:100%"><div class="align-center"><a href="https://sellercentral.amazon.com/gp/on-board/workflow/Registration/login.html?passthrough%2Faccount=fba_soa&amp;passthrough%2FmarketplaceID=ATVPDKIKX0DER&amp;passthrough%2FsuperSource=OAR&amp;ref_=sdus_blog_wid_rp_pf" class="link button button-type-primary font-size-xlarge button-focus-default" data-ld-append="sdrp_lrn_ds_pf">Sign up*</a></div></div></div><div class="bg-no-repeat border-color-squid-ink border-radius-12px padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-base padding-bottom-base border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-stretch amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%;background-image:url(&#x27;https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/posters/dropshipping-prefooter_16-9_640.webp&#x27;);background-size:cover;background-position:center right"><div class="spacer"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-xxlarge padding-right-xxlarge padding-top-zero padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="has-max-width"><div class="text align-center color-storm font-size-xsmall ember font-normal">*A Professional selling account is $39.99/month + selling fees. <a href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing#selling-plans">Learn more</a></div></div></div><div></div><div class="background-color-squid-ink-dark border-color-snow padding-left-xxlarge padding-right-xxlarge padding-top-small padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-snow design-Sell is-fluid is-mobile-row" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="has-max-width"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><a class="link-container " href="/"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-snow font-size-small ember font-normal">Home</div></div></a></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-mini padding-right-mini padding-top-xxmini padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:25%"><div class=" image image-size-fit align-start lazy-loaded"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/icon-breadcrumb-cumulus.svg" alt="carat" title="" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/icon-breadcrumb-cumulus.svg"/></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:25%"><a class="link-container " href="/learn"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="text align-start color-snow font-size-small ember font-normal">Learn</div></div></a></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-mini padding-right-mini padding-top-xxmini padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><div class=" image image-size-fit align-start lazy-loaded"><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/icon-breadcrumb-cumulus.svg" alt="carat" title="" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/images/icon-breadcrumb-cumulus.svg"/></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><div class="text align-start color-cumulus font-size-small ember font-normal">What is dropshipping</div></div></div></div></div> <div><div id="omniture-details" data-page-e-var4="en-US" data-page-e-var1="SOA" data-page-e-var34="1" data-page-e-var75="" data-page-page-name="US:SD:SOA-learn-dropship" data-page-page-type="Information" data-page-prop1="SOA" data-page-prop34="1" data-page-prop75=""></div><script type="text/javascript">var s_account = "amznsrvsglobalprod,amznsrvsmainprod,amznsrvsprod,amznsrvsglobalprodbotfilter";</script><script src="https://d3216uwaav9lg7.cloudfront.net/staticAsset-AMSG2018-s-code-2.27.0.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/amazonservices/leadcode.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script></div> <div><script type="text/javascript">var navigationStyle = "normal";</script></div> </div> <div class="as-body desktop" data-devicetype="desktop"> <div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="seller-services-footer-hmd border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="background-color-squid-ink-dark border-color-squid-ink padding-left-xxlarge padding-right-xxlarge padding-top-mini padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="has-max-width"><nav class="nav-type-footer nav-style-dark "><section class="nav-footer-top"><article class="nav-footer-breadcrumbs"></article><article class="nav-footer-button-wrap"><button class="link popup-link button button-type-secondary-light button-type-language" data-popup-id="footer-nav-language-picker-popup">English</button><button class="country-picker country-picker-style-undefined button-type-country button-type-secondary-undefined country-US link popup-link button button-type-secondary-light" data-popup-id="footer-nav-country-picker-popup">United States</button><div class="popup-layover hide" id="footer-nav-country-picker-popup"><div class="popup"><div class="popup-close-container"><a class="hide close-popup" data-popup-id="footer-nav-country-picker-popup" aria-label="Close country popup">✕</a></div><div class="popup-container max-width-800px"><h3 class="country-picker-heading">Explore selling on Amazon around the world</h3><ul class="country-popup-list"><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.com.au" class="country-picker-country country-AU">Australia</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.com.be" class="country-picker-country country-BE">Belgium</a></li><li><a href="https://venda.amazon.com.br" class="country-picker-country country-BR">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.ca" class="country-picker-country country-CA">Canada</a></li><li><a href="https://gs.amazon.cn" class="country-picker-country country-CN">China</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.fr" class="country-picker-country country-FR">France</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.de" class="country-picker-country country-DE">Germany</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.in" class="country-picker-country country-IN">India</a></li><li><a href="https://sellercentral.amazon.ie/welcome" class="country-picker-country country-IE">Ireland</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.it" class="country-picker-country country-IT">Italy</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.co.jp" class="country-picker-country country-JP">Japan</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.co.kr" class="country-picker-country country-KR">Korea</a></li><li><a href="https://vender.amazon.com.mx" class="country-picker-country country-MX">Mexico</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.nl" class="country-picker-country country-NL">Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.pl" class="country-picker-country country-PL">Poland</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.sa" class="country-picker-country country-SA">Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.com.sg" class="country-picker-country country-SG">Singapore</a></li><li><a href="https://sellercentral.amazon.co.za/welcome" class="country-picker-country country-ZA">South Africa</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.es" class="country-picker-country country-ES">Spain</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.se" class="country-picker-country country-SE">Sweden</a></li><li><a href="https://gs.amazon.com.tw" class="country-picker-country country-TW">Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.co.th" class="country-picker-country country-TH">Thailand</a></li><li><a href="https://satis.amazon.com.tr" class="country-picker-country country-TR">Turkey</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.ae" class="country-picker-country country-AE">United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.co.uk" class="country-picker-country country-UK">United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.com" class="country-picker-country current country-US">United States</a></li><li><a href="https://sell.amazon.vn" class="country-picker-country country-VN">Vietnam</a></li></ul><p class="country-picker-footnote">Amazon operates stores worldwide, allowing you to grow your business internationally regardless of where you’re located.</p></div></div></div><button class="link popup-link button button-type-secondary-light button-type-hmd" data-popup-id="hmd-picker-popup">Feedback</button></article></section><section class="nav-footer-wrap"><ul><li class="has-children "><a>Sell with Amazon</a><ul><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell-online">Sell online</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/sell">How to sell on Amazon</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/pricing">How much does it cost?</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/inventory-management">Inventory management</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/what-is-dropshipping">What is dropshipping</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/how-to-sell-books">Sell books online</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-children "><a>Selling Programs</a><ul><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon">Fulfillment by Amazon</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/advertising">Amazon Advertising</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/global-selling">Global selling</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs/amazon-business">Amazon Business</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs/paid-services">Strategic Account Services</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/programs">More programs</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-children "><a>Amazon for Brands</a><ul><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/build-an-online-store">Online store builder</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/what-is-amazon-brand-registry">Amazon Brand Registry</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog/brand-management">Brand management</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools/customer-reviews">Product reviews</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools/amazon-brand-analytics">Customer Behavior Analytics</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools/a-content">A+ Content</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-children "><a>Resources</a><ul><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/blog">Selling Partner Blog</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/seller-university">Seller University</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sellercentral.amazon.com/help/hub/reference/external/">Seller Central Help</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/events">Accelerate Seller Event</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/learn/faq">Seller FAQs</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://www.amazon.com/make-money-with-amazon/b?ie=UTF8&amp;node=13605942011">More ways to make money</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-children "><a>Tools</a><ul><li class=" "><a href="https://sellercentral.amazon.com/gp/homepage.html?ref_=sdus_soa_xscus_login_f">Login to your seller account</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools/amazon-seller-app">Amazon Seller App</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools/seller-central">Seller Central</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools/selling-partner-appstore">Selling Partner Appstore</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/tools/product-opportunity-explorer">Find products to sell</a></li><li class=" "><a href="https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon#rev-calculator">Revenue calculator</a></li></ul></li></ul></section></nav><div class="popup-layover hide" data-is-sc="false" id="hmd-picker-popup"><div class="popup"><div class="popup-close-container"><a class="hide close-popup" data-popup-id="hmd-picker-popup" aria-label="Close feedback 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class="hmd-radio"/><label for="rate_1" class="rate_1"></label></fieldset></div><div class="feedback-type-title">Feedback subject</div><div class="feedback-type-container"><select class="select-hidden" name="customAttribute3Value" id="hmd-select"><option disabled="" selected=""></option><option value="suggestion">Suggestion</option><option value="compliment">Compliment</option><option value="website_content">Website content</option><option value="technical_issue">Technical issue</option><option value="other">Other</option></select><div id="select-div" class="select-styled">Select subject</div><ul class="select-options"><li rel="suggestion">Suggestion</li><li rel="compliment">Compliment</li><li rel="website_content">Website content</li><li rel="technical_issue">Technical issue</li><li rel="other">Other</li></ul></div><div class="hmd-comment-title">Please tell us the reason for your rating</div><div class="hmd-comment-container form-input"><textarea class="hmd-textarea" content="" id="hmd-textarea" maxLength="500" name="feedbackComment_general" placeholder="Enter feedback here" spellcheck="false"></textarea></div><div class="hmd-characters-remaining-container"><span class="hmd-comment-remaining-number">500</span><span class="hmd-comment-remaining-content">characters remaining</span></div><div class="hmd-privacy-and-submit-container"><div id="hmd-privacy" class="hmd-privacy"><label class="hmd-tool-tip-label"><span class="tooltip"><i class="tooltip-icon">Privacy statement</i><span class="tooltip-text">Personal or sensitive data are not necessary to complete this survey and should not be provided. By submitting my feedback, I represent and warrant that no personal or sensitive data(e.g., names, addresses, telephone numbers or e-mail addresses) have been included in my responses.</span></span></label></div><button class="form-button link hmd-submit-button" disabled="" id="submit-button" type="submit">Submit</button></div></form></div><div class="hmd-feedback-message"><div class="thank-you-image-div"><label class="thank-you-image"></label></div><div class=" thank-you-title">Thanks for the feedback!</div><div class=" thank-you-message">Your feedback helps us continually improve our website experience.</div></div></div></div><div class="popup-layover hide" id="footer-nav-language-picker-popup"><div class="popup"><div class="popup-close-container"><a class="hide close-popup" data-popup-id="footer-nav-language-picker-popup" aria-label="Close language popup">✕</a></div><div class="popup-container max-width-800px"><h3 class="language-picker-heading">Select your preferred language</h3><ul class="language-popup-list single-col"><li class="language-selector" data-lang="en-US"><a href="/en?mons_sel_locale=en_US" class="language-picker-language current">English - US</a></li><li class="language-selector" data-lang="es-US"><a href="/es?mons_sel_locale=es_US" class="language-picker-language ">Español - US</a></li><li class="language-selector" data-lang="zh-CN"><a href="/zh?mons_sel_locale=zh_CN" class="language-picker-language ">中文 - CN</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="background-color-squid-ink-dark border-color-squid-ink padding-left-xxlarge padding-right-xxlarge padding-top-small padding-bottom-small border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-center flex-justify-content flex-justify-content-space-between flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class="has-max-width"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-center amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><a class="link-container " href="/?ref_=sdus_soa_home_f"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-center flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" image image-size-custom align-start "><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/navigation/logos/amazon-logo_rgb_wht.svg" alt="Amazon logo" title="Amazon logo" style="height:24px;width:auto" data-src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sell/navigation/logos/amazon-logo_rgb_wht.svg"/></div></div></a></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-center flex-justify-content flex-justify-content-flex-end amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell is-fluid" id="" style="width:50%"><div style="display:none"></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-center flex-align-content-flex-start flex-justify-content flex-justify-content-flex-end amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell is-fluid" id="" style="width:33.333333333333336%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-minibase padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-center amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><div class="align-start"><a href="https://sellercentral.amazon.com/gp/help/external/201824360" class="link link-type-plain-text-mid">Terms of Service</a></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-xlarge padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-center amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:50%"><div class="align-start"><a href="/privacy" class="link link-type-plain-text-mid">Privacy Policy</a></div></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-center amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:33.333333333333336%"><div class="text align-end color-cumulus font-size-xsmall ember font-normal">© 2025, Amazon.com Services LLC.</div></div></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell is-fluid" id="" style="width:33.333333333333336%"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-xsmall padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:8.333333333333334%"><a class="link-container " href="https://www.facebook.com/SellonAmazon " target="_blank"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" image image-size-original align-center "><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/utility/social_facebook-white.svg" alt="Facebook logo" title=""/></div></div></a></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-xsmall padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><a class="link-container " href="https://twitter.com/Sell_on_Amazon " target="_blank"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" image image-size-original align-center "><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/utility/social_x-white.svg" alt="Twitter logo" title=""/></div></div></a></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-xsmall padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:16.666666666666668%"><a class="link-container " href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/1009933 " target="_blank"><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-zero padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero flex-container flex-align-items-stretch flex-align-content-flex-start flex-full-width amsg-2018 fonts-loaded border-color-squid-ink design-Sell" id="" style="width:100%"><div class=" image image-size-original align-center "><img src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sp-marketing-toolkit/guides/design/iconography/utility/social_linkedin-white.svg" alt="LinkedIn logo" title=""/></div></div></a></div><div class="border-color-squid-ink padding-left-zero padding-right-xsmall padding-top-zero padding-bottom-zero border-left-zero border-right-zero border-top-zero border-bottom-zero 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