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French Parliament - Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Election of representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_of_representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization_and_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization_and_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization and powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization_and_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">French Parliament</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="البرلمان الفرنسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البرلمان الفرنسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parllamentu_de_Francia" title="Parllamentu de Francia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Parllamentu de Francia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa_parlamenti" title="Fransa parlamenti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransa parlamenti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Парламент Францыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парламент Францыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Парламент на Франция – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парламент на Франция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamant_gall" title="Parlamant gall – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Parlamant gall" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Parlament de França – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parlament de França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%BD_parlament" title="Francouzský parlament – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francouzský parlament" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrigs_parlament" title="Frankrigs parlament – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frankrigs parlament" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sisches_Parlament" title="Französisches Parlament – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Französisches Parlament" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsuse_parlament" title="Prantsuse parlament – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsuse parlament" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γαλλικό Κοινοβούλιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλικό Κοινοβούλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_franc%C3%A9s" title="Parlamento francés – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parlamento francés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_Parlamento" title="Franca Parlamento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Franca Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantziako_Parlamentua" title="Frantziako Parlamentua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantziako Parlamentua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="مجلس فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مجلس فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Parlement français – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parlement français" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="프랑스 의회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스 의회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlemen_Prancis" title="Parlemen Prancis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Parlemen Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska_%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Franska þingið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Franska þingið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_francese" title="Parlamento francese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parlamento francese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99" title="הפרלמנט הצרפתי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפרלמנט הצרפתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A9ischt_Parlament" title="Franséischt Parlament – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Franséischt Parlament" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzijos_parlamentas" title="Prancūzijos parlamentas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzijos parlamentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_parlament" title="Francia parlament – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia parlament" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlimen_Perancis" title="Parlimen Perancis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parlimen Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Францын Парламент – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Францын Парламент" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_van_Frankrijk" title="Parlement van Frankrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Parlement van Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A_(%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9)" title="国会 (フランス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国会 (フランス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrikes_parlament" title="Frankrikes parlament – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frankrikes parlament" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_franc%C3%A9s" title="Parlament francés – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Parlament francés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_Francji" title="Parlament Francji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Parlament Francji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_franc%C3%AAs" title="Parlamento francês – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parlamento francês" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentul_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Parlamentul Franței – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Parlamentul Franței" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Парламент Франции – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламент Франции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="French Parliament" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_parlament" title="Francuski parlament – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuski parlament" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_parlamentti" title="Ranskan parlamentti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan parlamentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrikes_parlament" title="Frankrikes parlament – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frankrikes parlament" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="รัฐสภาฝรั่งเศส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐสภาฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_Parlamentosu" title="Fransız Parlamentosu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransız Parlamentosu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Парламент Франції – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парламент Франції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%8B_vi%E1%BB%87n_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Nghị viện Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nghị viện Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="法国议会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法国议会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the post-revolutionary and present-day institution. For the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">ancien régime</a> institution, see <a href="/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement">Parlement</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bicameral legislature of France</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">French Parliament</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Parlement français</i></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><b><a href="/wiki/17th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="17th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">17th legislature of the French Fifth Republic</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/170px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/255px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/340px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_France" title="Coat of arms of France">Emblem of the French Republic</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">Bicameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Houses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_of_France" title="List of presidents of the Senate of France">President of the Senate</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Larcher" title="Gérard Larcher">Gérard Larcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a> <br />since 1 October 2014 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Assembly_of_France" title="List of presidents of the National Assembly of France">President of the National Assembly</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%ABl_Braun-Pivet" title="Yaël Braun-Pivet">Yaël Braun-Pivet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">RE</a> <br />since 28 June 2022 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>925</b></li><li>348 (<a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a>)</li><li>577 (<a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_(France).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Senate_%28France%29.svg/320px-Senate_%28France%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Senate_%28France%29.svg/480px-Senate_%28France%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Senate_%28France%29.svg/640px-Senate_%28France%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a> political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0043B0; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Senate_Republicans" title="Senate Republicans">SR</a> (133)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3265B; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_group_in_the_Senate" title="Socialist group in the Senate">S</a> (64)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#247AC1; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Centrist_Union_group" title="Centrist Union group">UC</a> (56)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#08A1E3; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rally_of_Democrats,_Progressive_and_Independent_group" title="Rally of Democrats, Progressive and Independent group">RDPI</a> (22)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002A; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Communist,_Republican,_Citizen_and_Ecologist_group" title="Communist, Republican, Citizen and Ecologist group">CRCE</a> (18)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#66AAEE; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Independents_%E2%80%93_Republic_and_Territories_group" title="The Independents – Republic and Territories group">LIRT</a> (18)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#79b41d; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Ecologist_group_(Senate)" title="Ecologist group (Senate)">E</a> (17)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#022C54; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_and_Social_Rally_group" title="European Democratic and Social Rally group">RDSE</a> (16)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Administrative_meeting_of_senators_not_appearing_on_the_list_of_any_group" title="Administrative meeting of senators not appearing on the list of any group">RASNAG</a> (4)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:17th_National_Assembly.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/17th_National_Assembly.svg/320px-17th_National_Assembly.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/17th_National_Assembly.svg/480px-17th_National_Assembly.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/17th_National_Assembly.svg/640px-17th_National_Assembly.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Barnier_government" title="Barnier government">Government</a></b> (213) <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFEB00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance group">ER</a> (99)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0043B0; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Right_group" title="Republican Right group">DR</a> (47)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EF5327; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_group" title="The Democrats group">LD</a> (36)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0000BA; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Horizons_group_(National_Assembly)" title="Horizons group (National Assembly)">HOR</a> (31)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Opposition</b> (364) </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#254671; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/National_Rally_group" title="National Rally group">RN</a> (126)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#532480; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/La_France_Insoumise_group" title="La France Insoumise group">LFI</a> (72)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3265B; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialists_and_affiliated_group" title="Socialists and affiliated group">SOC</a> (66)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#3E7F54; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Group" title="Ecologist Group">E&S</a> (38)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#38d4c7; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberties_and_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberties and Territories">LIOT</a> (21)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002A; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_Republican_Left_group" title="Democratic and Republican Left group">GDR</a> (17)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0F2E79; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/On_the_Right_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="On the Right Group">AD!</a> (16)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Non-Attached_Members_(France)" title="Non-Attached Members (France)">NI</a> (8)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">Indirect election</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">Two-round system</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2023_French_Senate_election" title="2023 French Senate election">24 September 2023</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2024_French_legislative_election" title="2024 French legislative election">30 June and 7 July 2024</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Next_French_senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Next French senate election">By September 2026</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Next_French_legislative_election" title="Next French legislative election">By June 2029</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garden_facade_of_the_Palace_of_Versailles,_April_2011_(11).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Garden_facade_of_the_Palace_of_Versailles%2C_April_2011_%2811%29.jpg/250px-Garden_facade_of_the_Palace_of_Versailles%2C_April_2011_%2811%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Garden_facade_of_the_Palace_of_Versailles%2C_April_2011_%2811%29.jpg/375px-Garden_facade_of_the_Palace_of_Versailles%2C_April_2011_%2811%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Garden_facade_of_the_Palace_of_Versailles%2C_April_2011_%2811%29.jpg/500px-Garden_facade_of_the_Palace_of_Versailles%2C_April_2011_%2811%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label">Aile du Midi, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de Versailles">Château de Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_French_Parliament" title="Congress of the French Parliament">joint session</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset.JPG/220px-Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset.JPG/330px-Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset.JPG/440px-Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace" title="Luxembourg Palace">Palais du Luxembourg</a>, meeting place of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">French Senate</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Concorde_Assembl%C3%A9e_Nationale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Concorde_Assembl%C3%A9e_Nationale.jpg/220px-Concorde_Assembl%C3%A9e_Nationale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Concorde_Assembl%C3%A9e_Nationale.jpg/330px-Concorde_Assembl%C3%A9e_Nationale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Concorde_Assembl%C3%A9e_Nationale.jpg/440px-Concorde_Assembl%C3%A9e_Nationale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3068" data-file-height="2042" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Palais_Bourbon" title="Palais Bourbon">Palais Bourbon</a>, meeting place of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">French National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlement.fr">parlement.fr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_France" title="Category:Politics of France">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg/125px-Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg/188px-Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg/250px-Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="364" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutions of France">Constitutions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a></i></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_France" title="List of presidents of France">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">LREM</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_France" title="List of prime ministers of France">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Les_R%C3%A9publicains" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Républicains">LR</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">Government</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnier_government" title="Barnier government">Barnier</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>: <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (France)">Membership</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Assembly_of_France" title="List of presidents of the National Assembly of France">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%ABl_Braun-Pivet" title="Yaël Braun-Pivet">Yaël Braun-Pivet</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_of_France" title="List of presidents of the Senate of France">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Larcher" title="Gérard Larcher">Gérard Larcher</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_French_Parliament" title="Congress of the French Parliament">Congress of the French Parliament</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_France" title="Judiciary of France">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_(France)" title="Constitutional Council (France)">Constitutional Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil d'État (France)">Council of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(France)" title="Court of Cassation (France)">Court of Cassation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Audit_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Audit of France">Court of Audit</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><i><a href="/wiki/Cour_de_Justice_de_la_R%C3%A9publique" title="Cour de Justice de la République">Cour de Justice de la République</a></i></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_France" title="Administrative divisions of France">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Regions</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan regions</a></b></li></ul> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas regions</a></b></li></ul> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Overseas_country_of_France" title="Overseas country of France">Overseas country</a></b></li></ul> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departments</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_France" title="Referendums in France">Referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_France" title="Presidential elections in France">Presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_elections_in_France" title="Legislative elections in France">Legislative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="French senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_elections_in_France" title="Municipal elections in France">Municipal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_France" title="Foreign relations of France">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Africa_relations" title="France–Africa relations">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Americas_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="France–Americas relations">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Asia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="France–Asia relations">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_and_the_United_Nations" title="France and the United Nations">France and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_alliances_of_France" title="Foreign alliances of France">Foreign alliances</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Europe_and_Foreign_Affairs_(France)" title="Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)">Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs</a></div></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrism_in_France" title="Centrism in France">Centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_France" title="Human rights in France">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_political_scandals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of French political scandals">Political scandals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_France" title="Template:Politics of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_France" title="Template talk:Politics of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>French Parliament</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Parlement français</i>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[paʁləmɑ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>fʁɑ̃sɛ]</a></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a> of the <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">French Fifth Republic</a>, consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Sénat</i></span>), and the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Assemblée nationale</i></span>). Each assembly conducts legislative sessions at separate locations in Paris: the Senate meets in the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace" title="Luxembourg Palace">Palais du Luxembourg</a>, the National Assembly convenes at the <a href="/wiki/Palais_Bourbon" title="Palais Bourbon">Palais Bourbon</a>, both on the <a href="/wiki/Rive_Gauche" title="Rive Gauche">Rive Gauche</a>. </p><p>Each house has its own regulations and rules of procedure. However, occasionally they may meet as a single house known as the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_French_Parliament" title="Congress of the French Parliament">Congress of the French Parliament</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Congrès du Parlement français</i></span>), convened at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>, to revise and amend the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">Constitution of France</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_name">History and name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Parliament&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French Parliament, as a legislative body, should not be confused with the various <a href="/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement">parlements</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a> in France, which were regional appeals courts with certain administrative functions varying from province to province and as to whether the local law was written and Roman, or customary common law. </p><p>The word "Parliament", in the modern meaning of the term, appeared in France in the 19th century, at the time of the constitutional monarchy of 1830–1848. It is never mentioned in any constitutional text until the <a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_27_October_1946" title="French Constitution of 27 October 1946">Constitution of the 4th Republic</a> in 1946. Before that time, reference was made to "les Chambres" or to each assembly, whatever its name, but unlike in Great Britain, the legislature as a whole had no name as such. </p><p>Across the <a href="/wiki/List_of_constitutions_of_France" title="List of constitutions of France">varied constitutional structures used in France since 1791</a>, all have had a legislative body of varying names, which has for most of its history been <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> (though at times <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameralism</a> and more unorthodox forms with <a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">three or more chambers</a> have existed) </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th>Date</th> <th>Constitution</th> <th>Upper chamber</th> <th>Lower chamber</th> <th>Other chamber</th> <th>Joint sitting</th> <th>Single chamber </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1791</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1791" title="French Constitution of 1791">French Constitution of 1791</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France)" title="Legislative Assembly (France)">Assemblée législative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1793</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1793" title="French Constitution of 1793">French Constitution of 1793</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">Assemblée Nationale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1795–1799</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_III" title="Constitution of the Year III">Constitution of the Year III</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ancients" title="Council of Ancients">Conseil des Anciens</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Hundred" title="Council of Five Hundred">Conseil des Cinq-Cents</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1799–1802</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_VIII" title="Constitution of the Year VIII">Constitution of the Year VIII</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9nat_conservateur" title="Sénat conservateur">Sénat conservateur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corps_l%C3%A9gislatif" title="Corps législatif">Corps législatif</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tribunat" title="Tribunat">Tribunat</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1802–1804</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_X" title="Constitution of the Year X">Constitution of the Year X</a></td> <td>Sénat conservateur</td> <td>Corps législatif</td> <td>Tribunat</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1804–1814</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_XII" title="Constitution of the Year XII">Constitution of the Year XII</a></td> <td>Sénat conservateur</td> <td>Corps législatif</td> <td>Tribunat<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1814–1815</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_1814" title="Charter of 1814">Charter of 1814</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Peers_(France)" title="Chamber of Peers (France)">Chamber of Peers</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(France)" title="Chamber of Deputies (France)">Chambre des députés des départements</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1815</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_1815" title="Charter of 1815">Additional Act to the Constitutions of the Empire</a></td> <td>Chamber of Peers</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_(France)" title="Chamber of Representatives (France)">Chamber of Representatives</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1830–1848</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_1830" title="Charter of 1830">Charter of 1830</a></td> <td>Chamber of Peers</td> <td>Chamber of Deputies</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1848–1852</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1848" title="French Constitution of 1848">French Constitution of 1848</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Assemblée Nationale </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1852–1870</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1852" title="French Constitution of 1852">French Constitution of 1852</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="French Senate">Sénat</a></td> <td>Corps législatif</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1871–1875</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Assemblée Nationale </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1875–1940</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Constitutional_Laws_of_1875" class="mw-redirect" title="French Constitutional Laws of 1875">French Constitutional Laws of 1875</a></td> <td>Sénat</td> <td>Chamber of Deputies</td> <td></td> <td>Assemblée Nationale</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1940–1944</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Constitutional_Law_of_1940" title="French Constitutional Law of 1940">French Constitutional Law of 1940</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1944–1946</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government of the French Republic</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Assemblée Nationale </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1946–1958</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="French Constitution of 1946">French Constitution of 1946</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Republic_(France)" title="Council of the Republic (France)">Conseil de la République</a></td> <td>Assemblée Nationale</td> <td></td> <td>Parliament</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">since 1958</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1958" class="mw-redirect" title="French Constitution of 1958">French Constitution of 1958</a></td> <td>Sénat</td> <td>Assemblée Nationale</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="French Congress">Parlement réuni en Congrès</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jun. 9 2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_dissolution_(France)#:~:text=In_France,_the_right_to,even_one_of_the_chambers." title="Parliamentary dissolution (France)">Dissolution of the French Parliament</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_of_representatives">Election of representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Parliament&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Election of representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current Parliament is composed of two chambers: the upper Senate (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">le Sénat</i>) and the lower National Assembly, which have 349 and 577 members respectively. </p><p>Deputies, who sit in the National Assembly, are elected by <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first past the post</a> voting in two rounds for a term of five years, notwithstanding a dissolution of the Assembly. Each constituency has around 100,000 residents, though some variance of size exists between rural and urban constituencies. For example, the Val-d'Oise constituency has 188,000 electors, while <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon%27s_1st_constituency" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon's 1st constituency">Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon</a> near Canada has just 6,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Stéphane_Mandard_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stéphane_Mandard-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Senators are elected by indirect universal suffrage by the <i>grands électeurs</i>, who consist of deputies, regional councillors, departmental councillors and representatives of municipal councillors. The latter constitute 95% of the electoral body. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization_and_powers">Organization and powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Parliament&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organization and powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Normally, the parliament meets for a single nine-month session each year but under special circumstances the <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> can call an additional session. Parliamentary power was limited after the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a>; however, the National Assembly can still cause a government to fall if an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute majority">absolute majority</a> of the legislators votes for a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a>. As a result, the government usually consists of members from the political party that dominates the Assembly and must be supported by a majority there to prevent a vote of no-confidence. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister</a> and other government Ministers are appointed by the President, who is under no constitutional or other mandatory obligation to make governmental appointments from the ranks of the majority party in parliament. This is a safeguard that was introduced by the founder of the Fifth Republic, <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, to attempt to prevent the disarray and <a href="/wiki/Horse_trading" title="Horse trading">horse-trading</a> seen in the parliamentary regimes of the Third and Fourth Republics; however, in practice the prime minister and other ministers usually do belong to the majority party. A notable exception to this custom occurred during <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>'s premiership when he appointed socialist ministers and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>-level junior ministers to his government. The rare periods during which the president is not from the same political party as the prime minister are usually known as <a href="/wiki/Cohabitation_(government)" title="Cohabitation (government)">cohabitation</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of France">Cabinet of Ministers</a> is led by the President rather than the Prime Minister. </p><p>The government (or, when it sits in session every Wednesday, the cabinet) exerts considerable influence on the agenda of Parliament. The government can link its term to a legislative text which it proposes, and unless a motion of censure is introduced within 24 hours of the proposal and passed within 48 hours of introduction – thus full procedures last at most 72 hours – the text is considered adopted without a vote. However, this procedure was limited by a 2008 constitutional amendment. Legislative initiative rests with the National Assembly. </p><p>Legislators enjoy <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_immunity" title="Parliamentary immunity">parliamentary immunity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both assemblies have committees that write reports on a variety of topics. If necessary, they can establish parliamentary commissions of inquiry with broad investigative power. However, this is almost never exercised because the majority can reject a proposition by the opposition to create an investigatory commission. Also, such a commission may only be created if it does not interfere with a judicial investigation, meaning that in order to cancel its creation, one just needs to press charges on the topic concerned by the investigatory commission. Since 2008, the opposition may impose the creation of an investigative commission once a year, even against the wishes of the majority. However, they still cannot lead investigations if there is a judicial case in process already (or that starts after the commission is formed). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Parliament&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_legislatures" title="List of French legislatures">List of French legislatures</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Parliament&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">Constitution of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_system_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Political system of France">Government of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">History of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (France)">Member of Parliament (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_legislatures" title="List of French legislatures">List of French legislatures</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Parliament&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002A; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a> (8)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B82F7F; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/For_R%C3%A9union_(political_party)" title="For Réunion (political party)">PLR</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D53150; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_and_Socialist_Left" title="Republican and Socialist Left">GRS</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EB008B; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Le_Progr%C3%A8s_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Le Progrès (Réunion)">LP</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#01A358; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9yi-A" title="Péyi-A">Péyi-A</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#87CEFA; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81vini_Huira%CA%BBatira" title="Tāvini Huiraʻatira">Tavini</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#009035; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Union" title="Caledonian Union">UC</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#AA0000; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Decolonization_and_Social_Emancipation_Movement" title="Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement">MDES</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A83A3A; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/2017_social_unrest_in_French_Guiana" title="2017 social unrest in French Guiana">PLD</a> (1)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0043B0; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a> (16)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFEB00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">Renaissance</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0043B0; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ADC1FD; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_right" title="Miscellaneous right">DVD</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#254671; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">RN</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3265B; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a> (1)</li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Tribunate was abolished by a decree of the Senate in 1807, with its remaining functions and members absorbed into the Corps législatif.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Parliament&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Stéphane_Mandard-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stéphane_Mandard_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Source in French: Stéphane Mandard (2007) Un rapport préconisait le remodelage des circonscriptions avant les législatives de 2007, <i>Le Monde.</i> 7 juin 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In France, for nearly a century, article 121 of the Penal Code punished with civic degradation all police officers, all prosecutors and all judges if they had caused, issued or signed a judgment, an order or a warrant, tending to a personal process or an accusation against a member of the Senate or of the legislative body, without the authorization prescribed by the Constitutions: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBuonomo2014" class="citation journal cs1">Buonomo, Giampiero (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191211140818/https://www.questia.com/projects#!/project/89423966">"Immunità parlamentari: Why not?"</a>. <i>L'Ago e Il Filo</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/projects#!/project/89423966">the original</a> on 11 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Ago+e+Il+Filo&rft.atitle=Immunit%C3%A0+parlamentari%3A+Why+not%3F&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Buonomo&rft.aufirst=Giampiero&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fprojects%23%21%2Fproject%2F89423966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Parliament&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Frank R. Baumgartner, "Parliament's Capacity to Expand Political Controversy in France", <i>Legislative Studies Quarterly</i>, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Feb. 1987), pp. 33–54. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/440044">440044</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Ab%C3%A9l%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Abélès (page does not exist)">Marc Abélès</a>, <i>Un ethnologue à l'Assemblée</i>. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2000. An anthropological study of the French National Assembly, of its personnel, lawmakers, codes of behaviors and rites.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Parliament&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlement.fr">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632552#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlements.org">Site of the CHPP (Comité d'histoire parlementaire et politique) and of <i>Parlement(s), Revue d'histoire politique</i></a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Legislatures_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Legislatures_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="Template:Legislatures of the French Fifth Republic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Legislatures_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="Template talk:Legislatures of the French Fifth Republic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Legislatures_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Legislatures of the French Fifth Republic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Legislatures_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">Legislatures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">French Fifth Republic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_legislatures" title="List of French legislatures">Legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="1st legislature of the French Fifth Republic">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd legislature of the French Fifth Republic">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd legislature of the French Fifth Republic">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="4th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="5th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="6th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="7th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="8th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="9th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="10th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="11th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="12th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="13th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="16th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_legislature_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="17th legislature of the French Fifth Republic">17th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (France)">Deputies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_deputies_of_the_1st_National_Assembly_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of deputies of the 1st National Assembly of France (page does not exist)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_deputies_of_the_2nd_National_Assembly_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of France (page does not exist)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_deputies_of_the_3rd_National_Assembly_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of France (page does not exist)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_deputies_of_the_4th_National_Assembly_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of deputies of the 4th National Assembly of France (page does not exist)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_deputies_of_the_5th_National_Assembly_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of deputies of the 5th National Assembly of France (page does not exist)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_deputies_of_the_6th_National_Assembly_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of deputies of the 6th National Assembly of France (page does not exist)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_deputies_of_the_7th_National_Assembly_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of deputies of the 7th National Assembly of France (page does not exist)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_deputies_of_the_8th_National_Assembly_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of deputies of the 8th National Assembly of France (page does not exist)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_deputies_of_the_9th_National_Assembly_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of deputies of the 9th National Assembly of France (page does not exist)">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputies_of_the_10th_National_Assembly_of_France" title="List of deputies of the 10th National Assembly of France">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputies_of_the_11th_National_Assembly_of_France" title="List of deputies of the 11th National Assembly of France">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputies_of_the_12th_National_Assembly_of_France" title="List of deputies of the 12th National Assembly of France">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputies_of_the_13th_National_Assembly_of_France" title="List of deputies of the 13th National Assembly of France">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputies_of_the_14th_National_Assembly_of_France" title="List of deputies of the 14th National Assembly of France">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputies_of_the_15th_National_Assembly_of_France" title="List of deputies of the 15th National Assembly of France">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputies_of_the_16th_National_Assembly_of_France" title="List of deputies of the 16th National Assembly of France">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputies_of_the_17th_National_Assembly_of_France" title="List of deputies of the 17th National Assembly of France">17th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_immunity_in_France" title="Parliamentary immunity in France">Parliamentary immunity in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_parliamentarians_in_the_Fifth_French_Republic" title="Number of parliamentarians in the Fifth French Republic">Numbers of deputies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_French_National_Assembly" title="Women in the French National Assembly">Women as deputies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_MPs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of French MPs">Lists of deputies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="France_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:France_topics" title="Template:France topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:France_topics" title="Template talk:France topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:France_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:France topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="France_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_France" title="Outline of France">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_French_history" title="Timeline of French history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_France" title="Political history of France">Political history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_France" title="Military history of France">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French" title="History of French">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_France" title="Economic history of France">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_foreign_relations" title="History of French foreign relations">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_journalism" title="History of French journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_France" title="Liberalism and radicalism in France">Liberalism and radicalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brittany" title="History of Brittany">History of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Normandy" title="History of Normandy">History of Normandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_France" title="Prehistory of France">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_pre-Roman_Gaul" title="Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul">Greek colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Celtic Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Francia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_laws_of_the_Kingdom_of_France" title="Fundamental laws of the Kingdom of France">Fundamental laws</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern">Early Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern France">Early modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy_in_France" title="Absolute monarchy in France">Absolute monarchy</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">Wars of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Second Hundred Years' War">Second Hundred Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Revolution_of_1756" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic Revolution of 1756">Diplomatic Revolution of 1756</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_era" title="Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Late_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Modern">Late Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_long_nineteenth_century" title="France in the long nineteenth century">Long nineteenth century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1851_French_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1851 French coup d'état">Coup of 2 December 1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Defense" title="Government of National Defense">Government of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_France" title="Interwar France">Interwar</a> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_folles" title="Années folles">Années folles</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_France_(1900_to_present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of France (1900 to present)">1900 to present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_French_riots" title="2005 French riots">2005 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Europe#France,_Benelux_countries" title="Great Recession in Europe">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">2015 Paris attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_French_labor_protests" title="2021 French labor protests">2021 labor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 presidential election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_France" title="Geography of France">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_France" title="Administrative divisions of France">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_France" title="Climate change in France">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_France" title="Borders of France">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_France" title="List of islands of France">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_France" title="List of lakes of France">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_mountains_by_prominence" title="List of French mountains by prominence">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_France" title="List of national parks of France">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_France" title="List of rivers of France">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutions of France">Constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_France" title="Presidential elections in France">presidential</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_France" title="Foreign relations of France">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_France" title="Human rights in France">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_France" title="Intersex rights in France">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in France">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_France" title="Judiciary of France">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_France" title="Law of France">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_France" title="Legal history of France">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_France" title="Law enforcement in France">enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_criminal_law" title="French criminal law">criminal law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France" title="Economy of France">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France#Agriculture" title="Economy of France">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_France" title="Automotive industry in France">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_France" title="Banking in France">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_France" title="Bank of France">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_France" title="Economic history of France">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_France" title="Energy in France">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_France" title="List of exports of France">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">Franc (former currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_and_overseas_collectivities_by_GDP" title="List of French regions and overseas collectivities by GDP">French subdivisions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_France" title="Mining in France">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Paris" title="Euronext Paris">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_France" title="Science and technology in France">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_France" title="Taxation in France">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_France" title="Telecommunications in France">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_France" title="Tourism in France">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_France" title="List of trade unions in France">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_France" title="Transport in France">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_France" title="Category:Society of France">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_France" title="Abortion in France">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_France" title="Birth control in France">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_France" title="Crime in France">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_France" title="Demographics of France">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_France" title="Education in France">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_France" title="Health care in France">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_France" title="Homelessness in France">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_France" title="Immigration to France">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_departments_by_life_expectancy" title="List of French departments by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_France" title="Poverty in France">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_France" title="Secularism in France">secularism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_France" title="Racism in France">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_France" title="Social class in France">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_protection_in_France" title="Social protection in France">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_architecture" title="French architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_art" title="French art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_France" title="Coat of arms of France">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fashion" title="French fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Remarkable_Gardens_of_France" title="List of Remarkable Gardens of France">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_France" title="Languages of France">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of France">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_France" title="Music of France">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_philosophy" title="French philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_France" title="Public holidays in France">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_France" title="Sport in France">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of France">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_France" title="Theatre of France">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.25em;"><div><div style="margin-top:0;line-height:1.4em;margin-bottom:-0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_France" title="Outline of France">Outline</a></li></ul> </div><div style="margin-top:-0.2em;line-height:1.4em;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:France" title="Category:France">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France">WikiProject</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_bicameral_legislatures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template talk:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_bicameral_legislatures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Argentina" title="National Congress of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Parliament" title="Austrian Parliament">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Egypt" title="Parliament of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Union" title="Congress of the Union">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Nepal" title="Federal Parliament of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nigeria)" title="National Assembly (Nigeria)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Russia)" title="Federal Assembly (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(South_Sudan)" title="National Legislature (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(Sudan)" title="National Legislature (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Algeria" title="Parliament of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bahrain)" title="National Assembly (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Barbados" title="Parliament of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Belize)" title="National Assembly (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bhutan" title="Parliament of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinational_Legislative_Assembly" title="Plurinational Legislative Assembly">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Burundi" title="Parliament of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cameroon" title="Parliament of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Colombia" title="Congress of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Parliament of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Congress of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Parliament of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Gabon" title="Parliament of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Grenada" title="Parliament of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Haiti)" title="National Assembly (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Parliament of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jordan" title="Parliament of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kenya" title="Parliament of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lesotho" title="Parliament of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Liberia" title="Legislature of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Madagascar" title="Parliament of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Morocco" title="Parliament of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyidaungsu_Hluttaw" title="Pyidaungsu Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Namibia" title="Parliament of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Oman" title="Council of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau_National_Congress" title="Palau National Congress">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Paraguay" title="Congress of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Rwanda" title="Parliament of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Parliament of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Parliament" title="Slovenian Parliament">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Assembly_(Tajikistan)" title="Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Thailand)" title="National Assembly (Thailand)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Turkmenistan" title="National Council of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Uruguay" title="General Assembly of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliy_Majlis" title="Oliy Majlis">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Zimbabwe" title="Parliament of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bermuda" title="Parliament of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Commonwealth_Legislature" title="Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Somaliland" title="Parliament of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Venezuela" title="Congress of Venezuela">Venezuela (1811-1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Congress" title="Confederate States Congress">Confederate States (1862–1865)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia (1920–1939)</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">(1969–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu#Division" title="Riigikogu">Estonia (1938–1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Serbia#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of Serbia">Serbia (1901–1903)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union (1938–1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="Congress of the Republic of Texas">Texas (1836–1845)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Yugoslavia" title="Assembly of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia (1931–1939, 1945–1963, 1974–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro">FR Yugoslavia (1992–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire (1876–1878, 1908–1920)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_unicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National unicameral legislatures">National unicameral legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Template:National lower houses">National lower houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Template:National upper houses">National upper houses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_legislatures_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parliaments_in_Europe" title="Template:Parliaments in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parliaments_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Parliaments in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parliaments_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parliaments in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_legislatures_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National legislatures in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Council_(Andorra)" title="General Council (Andorra)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Armenia)" title="National Assembly (Armenia)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Parliament" title="Austrian Parliament">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Azerbaijan)" title="National Assembly (Azerbaijan)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bulgaria)" title="National Assembly (Bulgaria)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Cyprus)" title="House of Representatives (Cyprus)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Parliament of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althing" title="Althing">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeima" title="Saeima">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Liechtenstein" title="Landtag of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Luxembourg)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malta" title="Parliament of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Moldova" title="Parliament of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Monaco)" title="National Council (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="Parliament of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_North_Macedonia" title="Assembly of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Russia)" title="Federal Assembly (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_and_General_Council" title="Grand and General Council">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council (Slovakia)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Parliament" title="Slovenian Parliament">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Assembly_of_Abkhazia" title="People's Assembly of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo" title="Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Northern Cyprus)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Ossetia" title="Parliament of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_(Transnistria)" title="Supreme Council (Transnistria)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_%C3%85land" title="Parliament of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8gting" title="Løgting">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Gibraltar Parliament">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Guernsey" title="States of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_Assembly" title="States Assembly">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐g6cgs Cached time: 20241123115415 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.193 seconds Real time usage: 1.490 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 8753/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 209687/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 37884/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 105729/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.704/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 24708970/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1283.979 1 -total 51.88% 666.167 1 Template:Infobox_legislature 51.26% 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