Perception of defecation intent: applied methods and technology trends

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>Perception of defecation intent: applied methods and technology trends</title>  <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/montserrat-v15-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/montserrat-v25-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-500.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/montserrat-v15-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-700.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">  <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/merriweather-v30-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-300.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-700.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">  <link rel="preload" href="/assets/stylesheets/fontawesome.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href='/assets/stylesheets/02f295d1f6a8e9c282e7831cd493e8ff-bootstrap.purged.min.css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href='/assets/stylesheets/5337b0511e7530e28f005276f70cde44-main.min.css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href='/assets/stylesheets/13761c60ba5201f465803f3005ccd7ef-fontawesome-codes.css' /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href='/assets/images/ec7d7606b4e2f3f921b5e1700948efb6-favicon.ico' /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016/html?lang=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016/html?lang=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016/html" />  <link rel="schema.dcterms" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <meta name="dcterms.rightsHolder" content="Walter de Gruyter GmbH"> <meta name="dcterms.rights" content="De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act."> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com" /> <meta name="google" content="notranslate" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="description" content="The aging population has led to a widening gap between the supply and demand for defecation care. To address this issue, the development of defecation care devices is the most direct and effective solution. Pre-defecation care devices offer a more personalized and comfortable alternative to the conventional post-defecation care devices currently available on the market. Furthermore, they facilitate greater patient involvement in the care process. Real-time monitoring and accurate identification of defecation intention are key technologies in the development of pre-defecation nursing devices. Automatic and accurate online monitoring of defecation intention can provide accurate early warning information for differentiated defecation assistance and cleansing care, effectively reducing nursing workload and improving patients’ quality of life. However, there are relatively few studies on real-time monitoring and accurate identification of defecation intention. This review summarizes the existing defecation intention sensing technologies and their monitoring principles and research status, and explores the potential development direction of defecation intention sensing systems by comparing the characteristics and application conditions of various sensing technologies, which provides a direction for perception strategies for future defecation intention monitoring and early warning research."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016/html"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="De Gruyter"/><meta property="og:title" content="Perception of defecation intent: applied methods and technology trends"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/journal_key/BMTE/product"/><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"/><meta property="og:description" content="The aging population has led to a widening gap between the supply and demand for defecation care. To address this issue, the development of defecation care devices is the most direct and effective solution. Pre-defecation care devices offer a more personalized and comfortable alternative to the conventional post-defecation care devices currently available on the market. Furthermore, they facilitate greater patient involvement in the care process. Real-time monitoring and accurate identification of defecation intention are key technologies in the development of pre-defecation nursing devices. Automatic and accurate online monitoring of defecation intention can provide accurate early warning information for differentiated defecation assistance and cleansing care, effectively reducing nursing workload and improving patients’ quality of life. However, there are relatively few studies on real-time monitoring and accurate identification of defecation intention. This review summarizes the existing defecation intention sensing technologies and their monitoring principles and research status, and explores the potential development direction of defecation intention sensing systems by comparing the characteristics and application conditions of various sensing technologies, which provides a direction for perception strategies for future defecation intention monitoring and early warning research."/><meta property="og:locale:alternate" content="de"/><meta property="article:author" content="Yi Tang"/><meta property="article:author" content="Ping Shi"/><meta property="article:author" content="Hongliu Yu"/><meta property="article:tag" content="bowel care equipment"/><meta property="article:tag" content="pre-defecation care"/><meta property="article:tag" content="defecation intention perception"/><meta property="article:tag" content="sensor"/><meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-07-03"/><meta property="article:section" content="Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik "/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1862-278X" /> <meta name="citation_language" content='en' /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content='De Gruyter' /> <meta name="citation_keywords" content='bowel care equipment; pre-defecation care; defecation intention perception; sensor' /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Yi Tang" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ping Shi" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Hongliu Yu" /> <meta name="citation_title" content='Perception of defecation intent: applied methods and technology trends' /> <meta name="citation_xml_url" content="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016/xml" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content='2024/07/03' /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1515/bmt-2024-0016" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Yi Tang"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Ping Shi"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Hongliu Yu"}],"editor":[],"audience":null,"datePublished":"2024-07-03","headline":"","keywords":"keyword,keyword,keyword,keyword","isAccessibleForFree":false,"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"De Gruyter"},"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Perception of defecation intent: applied methods and technology trends","image":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/journal_key/BMTE/thumbnail","url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016"}</script> <script nonce="lt4vh8jVWNMM9UQ4n+oX4w=="> // Define dataLayer and the gtag function. window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} function getCookieValue(name){ const regex = new RegExp(`(^| )${name}=([^;]+)`) const match = document.cookie.match(regex) if (match) { return match[2] } } // Set default consent to 'denied' as a placeholder // Determine actual values based on your own requirements const acceptCookies = getCookieValue('acceptcookies') === "true"; const defaultSettings = (acceptCookies) => ({ 'ad_storage': acceptCookies ? 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Your documents are now available to view.</p> <div id="orderCompleteItemList"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="main" class='language_en min-vh-100 '> <div class="row no-theme-gutter-x g-0 " id="docContent"> <div class='offset-lg-1 col-lg-8 pb-2'> <div class='row g-0 '> <div class="col p-3 pt-5"> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap flex-column flex-md-row justify-content-between"> <div> <div class="mb-2"> <span class="d-none itemAuthorized"> <span class="fa fas fa-icon-authorized"></span> <span class="accessAccessible me-2">Licensed</span> </span> <span class="d-none itemNotAuthorized"> <span class="fa fas fa-icon-not-authorized"></span> <span class="d-none notAuthUserLoggedIn accessRequireAuth me-2">Unlicensed</span> <span class="d-none notAuthUserLoggedOut accessRequireAuth me-2">Requires Authentication</span> </span> <span class="publisherAndPublicationDate metadataInfoMainContent"> <span class="ahead-of-print"> Published online by <a class="ga_published_by ga_published_by_header" href='/search?query=*&publisherFacet=De+Gruyter'>De Gruyter</a> </span> <span class="publicationDate">July 3, 2024</span> </span> </div> <div id="mobilePurchaseDiv" class="d-none"> <a class="mobilePurchaseButton" href="#"> Purchase article <svg width="17" height="16" viewBox="0 0 17 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.75 10.3238L11.4513 9L9.5 11.1469L9.5 1L7.5 1L7.5 11.1473L5.54829 9L4.24962 10.3238L8.49981 15L12.75 10.3238Z" fill="#007596"/> </svg> </a> </div> <h1>Perception of defecation intent: applied methods and technology trends</h1> <ul class="contributors list-unstyled mb-2"> <li class="contributors-AUTHOR mb-2"> <span class="metadataAndContributorsFont"><span class="contributor"> <span class="displayName linkAnimation">Yi Tang</span> <contributor-popdown name="Yi Tang" position="1" email="" affiliations="Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China" orcid="https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1926-969X" > </contributor-popdown> <a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1926-969X" target="_blank"> <img alt="ORCID logo" src='/assets/images/661a4eb80b7527d6467b6e5742778cc1-orcid.svg' width="16" height="16" /> </a> </span><span class="comma">, </span><span class="contributor"> <span class="displayName linkAnimation">Ping Shi</span> <contributor-popdown name="Ping Shi" position="2" email="pshi@usst.edu.cn" affiliations="Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China" > </contributor-popdown> <a href="mailto:pshi@usst.edu.cn"> <img alt="EMAIL logo" src='/assets/images/db2546a9d03b905bae083962a41791e1-mail.svg' width="16" height="12" /> </a> </span> and <span class="contributor"> <span class="displayName linkAnimation">Hongliu Yu</span> <contributor-popdown name="Hongliu Yu" position="3" email="" affiliations="Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China" > </contributor-popdown> </span></span> </li> </ul> <div class="subTitleInfoProductPage">From the journal <a class="ga_parent ga_parent_journal" href="/journal/key/bmte/html">Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik</a></div> <div class="doi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016" class="linkWithoutStyle subTitleInfoProductPage ga_doi" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex align-items-center flex-wrap px-4 px-lg-2 "> <button id='citationsModalButton' type="button" class="btn btn-main-content ga_cite_this me-2" href='#citationsModal' data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#citationsModal" data-doi="10.1515/bmt-2024-0016" aria-controls='citationsModal'> Cite this </button> <button id="socialModalButton" type="button" class="btn btn-main-content ga_share_this me-2" href="#socialModal" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#socialModal" aria-controls="socialModal"> Share this </button> <div class="dimensions __dimensions_badge_embed__ ga_dimensions_citation me-2" data-doi="10.1515/bmt-2024-0016" data-hide-zero-citations="true" data-legend="never" data-style="large_rectangle"></div> </div> <div id="div-document-progress-bar" class="sticky-top d-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="progress progress-bar-toolbar"> <div id="document-progress-bar" class="progress-bar bg-primary" role="progressbar" aria-label="Document progress bar" aria-valuenow="0" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="document-main-content" class='row'> <div class="container-fluid px-3 px-lg-0 py-2"> <div class="col"> <div class="d-none analyticsHolder" data-subjects='GL|MD|MD-02|MD-04|MD-04-01' data-publisherCode='DEG' data-license='restricted' data-publisher='De Gruyter' data-contentName='Perception of defecation intent: applied methods and technology trends' data-doi='10.1515/bmt-2024-0016' data-parentIdentifier='BMTE' data-parentName='Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik ' data-languages='en' ></div> <div id="documentContent" class="content py-2" data-doi='10.1515/bmt-2024-0016' data-accessrestricted="true" data-countertype="document"> <div class="px-2"> <div class="alert alert-info-box" role="alert"> <div id="noAccessReasonSpinner"> <div class="spinner-border text-primary" role="status"></div> </div> <div id="noAccessReasonContent"> <small class="fa fas fa-block"></small> <small id="noAccessReason"></small> <div class="previewAlertContainer"> <small class="previewAlert">Showing a limited preview of this publication:</small> </div> </div> </div> <div id="text-container"> <div xmlns:dgdoi="http://degruyter.com/resources/doi-from-crossref" xmlns:dgpm="http://degruyter.com/resources/fetched-pubmed-id" class="contentWrapper"><div class="article" lang="en"><div class="abstract"> <h2 class="subheading">Abstract</h2> <p>The aging population has led to a widening gap between the supply and demand for defecation care. To address this issue, the development of defecation care devices is the most direct and effective solution. Pre-defecation care devices offer a more personalized and comfortable alternative to the conventional post-defecation care devices currently available on the market. Furthermore, they facilitate greater patient involvement in the care process. Real-time monitoring and accurate identification of defecation intention are key technologies in the development of pre-defecation nursing devices. Automatic and accurate online monitoring of defecation intention can provide accurate early warning information for differentiated defecation assistance and cleansing care, effectively reducing nursing workload and improving patients’ quality of life. However, there are relatively few studies on real-time monitoring and accurate identification of defecation intention. This review summarizes the existing defecation intention sensing technologies and their monitoring principles and research status, and explores the potential development direction of defecation intention sensing systems by comparing the characteristics and application conditions of various sensing technologies, which provides a direction for perception strategies for future defecation intention monitoring and early warning research.</p> </div><div class="keywords mb-3">Keywords: <a href="/search?query=keywordValues%3A%28%22bowel%20care%20equipment%22%29%20AND%20journalKey%3A%28%22BMTE%22%29&documentVisibility=all&documentTypeFacet=article" class="ga_keyword">bowel care equipment</a>; <a href="/search?query=keywordValues%3A%28%22pre-defecation%20care%22%29%20AND%20journalKey%3A%28%22BMTE%22%29&documentVisibility=all&documentTypeFacet=article" class="ga_keyword">pre-defecation care</a>; <a href="/search?query=keywordValues%3A%28%22defecation%20intention%20perception%22%29%20AND%20journalKey%3A%28%22BMTE%22%29&documentVisibility=all&documentTypeFacet=article" class="ga_keyword">defecation intention perception</a>; <a href="/search?query=keywordValues%3A%28%22sensor%22%29%20AND%20journalKey%3A%28%22BMTE%22%29&documentVisibility=all&documentTypeFacet=article" class="ga_keyword">sensor</a></div><section class="authorNotes"><hr></hr> <div class="correspondingAuthor"><strong>Corresponding author: Ping Shi</strong>, <span class="institution" content-type="dept">Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, School of Health Science and Engineering</span>, <span class="institution" content-type="university">University of Shanghai for Science and Technology</span>, <span class="city">Shanghai</span> <span class="addr-line">200093</span>, <span class="country" country="CN">China</span>, E-mail: <span xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="email" xlink:href="mailto:pshi@usst.edu.cn">pshi@usst.edu.cn</span></div> <hr></hr></section><div class="fundingGroup border bg-light my-3 px-3"><div class="fundingSource"><p><strong>Funding source: </strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012166">National Key Research and Development Program of China</a></p></div><div class="awardId"><p><strong>Award Identifier / Grant number: </strong>2022YFB4703300</p></div></div><div class="contrib-group"></div><div class="back"> <ol class="footnote-group" id=""> <li class="footnote footnote-noLabel" id="j_bmt-2024-0016_fn_001" fn-type="other"> <p><strong>Research ethics:</strong> Not applicable.</p> </li> <li class="footnote footnote-noLabel" id="j_bmt-2024-0016_fn_002" fn-type="other"> <p><strong>Informed consent:</strong> Not applicable.</p> </li> <li class="footnote footnote-noLabel" id="j_bmt-2024-0016_fn_003" fn-type="con"> <p><strong>Author contributions:</strong> The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.</p> </li> <li class="footnote footnote-noLabel" id="j_bmt-2024-0016_fn_004" fn-type="conflict"> <p><strong>Competing interests:</strong> The authors state no conflict of interest.</p> </li> <li class="footnote footnote-noLabel" id="j_bmt-2024-0016_fn_005" fn-type="financial-disclosure"> <p><strong>Research funding:</strong> This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFB4703300).</p> </li> <li class="footnote footnote-noLabel" id="j_bmt-2024-0016_fn_006" fn-type="other"> <p><strong>Data availability:</strong> Not applicable.</p> </li> </ol> <span class="ref-list" id="j_bmt-2024-0016_reflist_001"> <h2 class="subheading">References</h2> <p class="reference" id="j_bmt-2024-0016_ref_001"><span class="reference-label d-inlineblock me-4">1. </span><span class="reference-mixed-citation">Seigneurin-Hérissé, P, Toniolo, J, Marchat, N, Micallef, L, Labrunie, A, Delaide, V, et al.. 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"Perception of defecation intent: applied methods and technology trends" <i>Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik</i>, 2024. <a href='https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016'>https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016</a></div> <div class="tab-pane fade " id="APA" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="APA-tab">Tang, Y., Shi, P. & Yu, H. (2024). Perception of defecation intent: applied methods and technology trends. <i>Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik</i>. <a href='https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016'>https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016</a></div> <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Harvard" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Harvard-tab">Tang, Y., Shi, P. and Yu, H. (2024) Perception of defecation intent: applied methods and technology trends. Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik. <a href='https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016'>https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016</a></div> <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Chicago" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Chicago-tab">Tang, Yi, Shi, Ping and Yu, Hongliu. "Perception of defecation intent: applied methods and technology trends" <i>Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik</i> (2024). <a href='https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016'>https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2024-0016</a></div> <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Vancouver" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Vancouver-tab">Tang Y, Shi P, Yu H. 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Perception of defecation intent: applied methods and technology trends