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vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>खोजें</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" aria-label="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" autocapitalize="sentences" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="विशेष:खोज"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">खोजें</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="दिखावट"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="पृष्ठ के फ़ॉन्ट का आकार, चौड़ाई और रंग बदलें" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="दिखावट" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">दिखावट</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi" class=""><span>दान करें</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है" class=""><span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="अन्य विकल्प" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">व्यक्तिगत उपकरण</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi"><span>दान करें</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> लॉग-आउट किए गए संपादकों के लिए पृष्ठ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF" aria-label="संपादन के बारे में अधिक जानें"><span>अधिक जानें</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इस आईपी पते से संपादन की सूची [y]" accesskey="y"><span>योगदान</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="इस आईपी एड्रेससे हुए बदलावों के बारे में वार्ता [n]" accesskey="n"><span>वार्ता</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="साइट"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="सामग्री" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">सामग्री</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">साइडबार पर जाएँ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">शुरुआत</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-उपभाषा_पहचान" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#उपभाषा_पहचान"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>उपभाषा पहचान</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-उपभाषा_पहचान-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-मानक_भाषा_और_उपभाषा_का_अंतर" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#मानक_भाषा_और_उपभाषा_का_अंतर"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>मानक भाषा और उपभाषा का अंतर</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-मानक_भाषा_और_उपभाषा_का_अंतर-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-इन्हें_भी_देखें" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#इन्हें_भी_देखें"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>इन्हें भी देखें</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-इन्हें_भी_देखें-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सन्दर्भ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सन्दर्भ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>सन्दर्भ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सन्दर्भ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="सामग्री" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="विषयसूची को टॉगल करें" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">विषयसूची को टॉगल करें</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">उपभाषा</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="दूसरे भाषा में लेख पर जाएँ। 131 भाषाओं में उपलब्ध" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">131 भाषाएँ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialek" title="Dialek – अफ़्रीकी" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dialek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="अफ़्रीकी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt – स्विस जर्मन" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="स्विस जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecto" title="Dialecto – अरागोनी" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dialecto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="अरागोनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="لهجة – अरबी" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لهجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%87" title="لهجه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لهجه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="উপভাষা – असमिया" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উপভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="असमिया" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialeutu" title="Dialeutu – अस्तुरियन" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dialeutu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="अस्तुरियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект – अवेरिक" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="अवेरिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt – अज़रबैजानी" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="अज़रबैजानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект – बशख़िर" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="बशख़िर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarmie" title="Tarmie – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tarmie" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyalekto" title="Diyalekto – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Diyalekto" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Дыялект – बेलारूसी" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дыялект" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="बेलारूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Дыялект – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дыялект" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект – बुल्गारियाई" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="बुल्गारियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="উপভাষা – बंगाली" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="बंगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡུལ་སྐད། – तिब्बती" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡུལ་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="तिब्बती" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rannyezh" title="Rannyezh – ब्रेटन" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rannyezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ब्रेटन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijalekt" title="Dijalekt – बोस्नियाई" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dijalekt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="बोस्नियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecte" title="Dialecte – कातालान" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dialecte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="कातालान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C5%8Fng-ngi%C3%B2ng" title="Huŏng-ngiòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huŏng-ngiòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="زار – सोरानी कुर्दिश" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="सोरानी कुर्दिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1%C5%99e%C4%8D%C3%AD" title="Nářečí – चेक" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nářečí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="चेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект – चूवाश" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="चूवाश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafodiaith" title="Tafodiaith – वेल्श" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tafodiaith" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="वेल्श" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt – डेनिश" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="डेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt – जर्मन" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyalekt" title="Diyalekt – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Diyalekt" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Διάλεκτος – यूनानी" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διάλεκτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="यूनानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect – अंग्रेज़ी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dialect" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अंग्रेज़ी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto – एस्पेरेंतो" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dialekto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="एस्पेरेंतो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecto" title="Dialecto – स्पेनिश" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dialecto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="स्पेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murre" title="Murre – एस्टोनियाई" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Murre" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="एस्टोनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto – बास्क" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dialekto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="बास्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="گویش – फ़ारसी" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گویش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="फ़ारसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murre" title="Murre – फ़िनिश" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Murre" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="फ़िनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murr%C3%B5q" title="Murrõq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Murrõq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lf%C3%B8ri" title="Málføri – फ़ैरोइज़" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Málføri" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="फ़ैरोइज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecte" title="Dialecte – फ़्रेंच" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dialecte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="फ़्रेंच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt – पश्चिमी फ़्रिसियाई" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="पश्चिमी फ़्रिसियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%C3%BAint" title="Canúint – आयरिश" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Canúint" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="आयरिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecto" title="Dialecto – गैलिशियन" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dialecto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="गैलिशियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%80" title="બોલી – गुजराती" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બોલી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="गुजराती" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fo-ghlaare" title="Fo-ghlaare – मैंक्स" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fo-ghlaare" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="मैंक्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91_(%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%92_%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94)" title="ניב (סיווג שפה) – हिब्रू" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניב (סיווג שפה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="हिब्रू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijalekt" title="Dijalekt – क्रोएशियाई" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dijalekt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksan" title="Aksan – हैतियाई" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Aksan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="हैतियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialektus" title="Dialektus – हंगेरियाई" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dialektus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="हंगेरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%BC" title="Բարբառ – आर्मेनियाई" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բարբառ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="आर्मेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecto" title="Dialecto – इंटरलिंगुआ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dialecto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="इंटरलिंगुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialek" title="Dialek – इंडोनेशियाई" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dialek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="इंडोनेशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecte" title="Dialecte – ईन्टरलिंगुइ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Dialecte" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="ईन्टरलिंगुइ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto – इडौ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dialekto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="इडौ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ll%C3%BDska" title="Mállýska – आइसलैंडिक" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mállýska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="आइसलैंडिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetto" title="Dialetto – इतालवी" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dialetto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="इतालवी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言 – जापानी" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="方言" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="जापानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhial%C3%A8k" title="Dhialèk – जावानीज़" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dhialèk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="जावानीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="დიალექტი – जॉर्जियाई" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიალექტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="जॉर्जियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patua" title="Patua – कोंगो" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Patua" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="कोंगो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект – कज़ाख़" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="कज़ाख़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8" title="방언 – कोरियाई" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="방언" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="कोरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarava" title="Zarava – कुर्दिश" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zarava" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="कुर्दिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект – किर्गीज़" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="किर्गीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectos" title="Dialectos – लैटिन" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dialectos" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="लैटिन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialeto" title="Dialeto – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Dialeto" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialek" title="Dialek – लिंबर्गिश" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Dialek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="लिंबर्गिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialet" title="Dialet – लॉमबर्ड" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Dialet" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="लॉमबर्ड" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarm%C4%97" title="Tarmė – लिथुआनियाई" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tarmė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="लिथुआनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekts" title="Dialekts – लातवियाई" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dialekts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="लातवियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialek" title="Dialek – मिनांग्काबाउ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Dialek" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="मिनांग्काबाउ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Дијалект – मकदूनियाई" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дијалект" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="मकदूनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഉപഭാഷ – मलयालम" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉപഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="मलयालम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Аялга – मंगोलियाई" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аялга" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="मंगोलियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोटभाषा – मराठी" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोटभाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="मराठी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loghat" title="Loghat – मलय" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Loghat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="मलय" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djalett" title="Djalett – माल्टीज़" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Djalett" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="माल्टीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt – निचला जर्मन" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="निचला जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt – निचली सैक्सन" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="निचली सैक्सन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="बोली – नेपाली" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बोली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="नेपाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="कचाभाय् – नेवाड़ी" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कचाभाय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="नेवाड़ी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect – डच" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dialect" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="डच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5lf%C3%B8re" title="Målføre – नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Målføre" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt – नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loceis" title="Loceis – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Loceis" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial%C3%A8cte" title="Dialècte – ओसीटान" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dialècte" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ओसीटान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਉਪਭਾਸ਼ਾ – पंजाबी" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਪਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="पंजाबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecto" title="Dialecto – पापियामेन्टो" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Dialecto" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="पापियामेन्टो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt – पोलिश" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="पोलिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial%C3%A8t" title="Dialèt – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Dialèt" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%91%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پڑبولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پڑبولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%93%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF" title="گړدود – पश्तो" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="گړدود" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="पश्तो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialeto" title="Dialeto – पुर्तगाली" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dialeto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="पुर्तगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27iti_rimay" title="K'iti rimay – क्वेचुआ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'iti rimay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="क्वेचुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect – रोमानियाई" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dialect" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="रोमानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект – रूसी" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="रूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Діалект – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Діалект" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%8D_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Түөлбэ тыла – याकूत" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түөлбэ тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="याकूत" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byleid" title="Byleid – स्कॉट्स" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Byleid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="स्कॉट्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88" title="لهجو – सिंधी" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لهجو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="सिंधी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijalekt" title="Dijalekt – सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dijalekt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantala" title="Tantala – तैचेल्हित" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tantala" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="तैचेल्हित" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dialect" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1re%C4%8Die" title="Nárečie – स्लोवाक" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nárečie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवाक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nare%C4%8Dje" title="Narečje – स्लोवेनियाई" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Narečje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afguri" title="Afguri – सोमाली" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Afguri" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="सोमाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekti" title="Dialekti – अल्बानियाई" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dialekti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="अल्बानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Дијалект – सर्बियाई" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дијалект" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="सर्बियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial%C3%A9k" title="Dialék – सुंडानी" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Dialék" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="सुंडानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt – स्वीडिश" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="स्वीडिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahaja" title="Lahaja – स्वाहिली" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lahaja" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="स्वाहिली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djalekt" title="Djalekt – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Djalekt" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="வட்டாரமொழி வழக்குகள் – तमिल" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வட்டாரமொழி வழக்குகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="तमिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาย่อย – थाई" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาย่อย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="थाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyalekto" title="Diyalekto – टैगलॉग" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Diyalekto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="टैगलॉग" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leh%C3%A7e_(dilbilim)" title="Lehçe (dilbilim) – तुर्की" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lehçe (dilbilim)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="तुर्की" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6yl%C3%A4m" title="Söyläm – तातार" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Söyläm" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="तातार" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Діалект – यूक्रेनियाई" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діалект" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="यूक्रेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahja" title="Lahja – उज़्बेक" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lahja" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="उज़्बेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dia%C5%82eto" title="Diałeto – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Diałeto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Phương ngữ – वियतनामी" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phương ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="वियतनामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyaleke" title="Diyaleke – वाल्लून" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Diyaleke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="वाल्लून" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyalekto" title="Dyalekto – वारै" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dyalekto" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="वारै" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="अच्छा लेख"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言 – वू चीनी" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="方言" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="वू चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="დიალექტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიალექტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%98" title="דיאלעקט – यहूदी" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דיאלעקט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="यहूदी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ – मानक मोरक्कन तामाज़ाइट" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="मानक मोरक्कन तामाज़ाइट" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言 – चीनी" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="方言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong-gi%C3%A2n" title="Hong-giân – मिन नान" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hong-giân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="मिन नान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言 – कैंटोनीज़" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="方言" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="कैंटोनीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMvethezo" title="UMvethezo – ज़ुलू" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UMvethezo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ज़ुलू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33384#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="अंतरभाषा कड़ियाँ संपादित करें" class="wbc-editpage">कड़ियाँ संपादित करें</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="पृष्ठ उपकरण"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="दिखावट"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">दिखावट</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">साइडबार पर जाएँ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">मुक्त ज्ञानकोश विकिपीडिया से</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hi" dir="ltr"><p><b>उपभाषा</b> किसी <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="भाषा">भाषा</a> के ऐसे विशेष रूप को बोलते हैं जिसे उस के बोलने वाले लोगों में एक भिन्न समुदाय प्रयोग करता हो। अक्सर 'उपभाषा' किसी भाषा के क्षेत्रीय प्रकारों को कहा जाता है, उदाहरण के लिए <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="छत्तीसगढ़ी भाषा">छत्तीसगढ़ी</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80" title="अवधी">अवधी</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हरियाणवी भाषा">हरयाणवी</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="मारवाड़ी">मारवाड़ी</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="बृज भाषा">ब्रजभाषा</a> और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="खड़ीबोली">खड़ीबोली</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हिन्दी">हिन्दी</a> की कुछ क्षेत्रीय उपभाषाएँ हैं।<sup id="cite_ref-ref44pupup_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref44pupup-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> लेकिन कभी-कभी किसी सामजिक वर्ग द्वारा प्रयोग होने वाली भाषा की क़िस्म को भी 'उपभाषा' कह दिया जाता है। कभी-कभी उपभाषा को <b>बोली</b> भी कहते हैं, हालाँकि यह शब्द मानक भाषाओं के लिए भी इस्तेमाल होता है।<sup id="cite_ref-ref23huyuc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref23huyuc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="उपभाषा_पहचान"><span id=".E0.A4.89.E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.AD.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B7.E0.A4.BE_.E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.9A.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A8"></span>उपभाषा पहचान</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: उपभाषा पहचान"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>कोई उपभाषा अपने व्याकरण, शब्दावली, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="लहजा (भाषाविज्ञान)">लहजें</a> और उच्चारण से जानी जाती है। उदाहरण के लिए मानक हिन्दी और रूहेलखंड की खड़ीबोली में शब्दों और व्याकरण का अंतर दिखता है: </p> <ul><li><b>मानक हिन्दी</b> - चिड़ियों को तंग मत कर। दाना छाँव में डाल देना। वह शाम को नहीं आएँगी।</li></ul> <ul><li><b>खड़ीबोली</b> - चिड़ियों कु दिक़ मति करे। दाना छाँ में धर दीजीयो। वो शाम कु ना आने की हैं।</li></ul> <p>इसी तरह साधारण <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पंजाबी भाषा">पंजाबी भाषा</a> और पंजाबी की <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दको भाषा">हिन्दको उपभाषा</a> में अंतर देखे जा सकते हैं:<sup id="cite_ref-ref83maqaz_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref83maqaz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>हिन्दी वाक्य</b> - हमारी माँ कहाँ हैं? वह किसी काम के लिए बाहर गई हैं।</li> <li><b>साधारण पंजाबी</b> - साड्डी माँ कित्थे ऐ? ओ किसी कम्म लई बा'र गए ने।</li> <li><b>हिन्दको पंजाबी</b> - अस्साँ दी माँ कित्थे ए? ओ किसी कम्मे आस्ते बाअर गई दीन।</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="मानक_भाषा_और_उपभाषा_का_अंतर"><span id=".E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.95_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B7.E0.A4.BE_.E0.A4.94.E0.A4.B0_.E0.A4.89.E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.AD.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B7.E0.A4.BE_.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.BE_.E0.A4.85.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.B0"></span>मानक भाषा और उपभाषा का अंतर</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=2" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: मानक भाषा और उपभाषा का अंतर"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भाषाविज्ञान">भाषाविज्ञान</a> का एक कथन है कि 'फ़ौज और नौसेना वाली उपभाषा को भाषा कहते हैं' (<small>a language is a dialect with an army and navy</small>), यानि अगर किसी उपभाषा को बोलने वाले अपना राज्य या साम्राज्य बनाने में सफल हो जाएँ तो उसे एक 'मानक भाषा' का दर्जा दे देते हैं और उस से सम्बंधित अन्य बोलियों को उस मानक भाषा की उपभाषा कहने लगते हैं।<sup id="cite_ref-ref96laqoq_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref96laqoq-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> इसी प्रक्रिया से मानक हिन्दी एक भाषा मानी जाती है जबकि ब्रजभाषा एक उपभाषा कहलाती है। अक्सर किसी बोली को उपभाषा तब बुलाया जाता है जब: </p> <ul><li>उसे बोलने वालों का कोई अपना अलग स्वशासित राज्य, प्रांत या देश न हो</li> <li>उसका लिखाई में कम प्रयोग हो और उसमें साहित्य उपलब्ध न हो</li> <li>समाज में उसे बोलने से प्रतिष्ठा कम हो</li> <li>उसमें मानकीकरण कम हो और उसे बोलने वाले शब्दों के कई रूप प्रयोग करें</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="इन्हें_भी_देखें"><span id=".E0.A4.87.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B9.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.96.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82"></span>इन्हें भी देखें</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=3" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: इन्हें भी देखें"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="उपभाषा विज्ञान">उपभाषा विज्ञान</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="लहजा (भाषाविज्ञान)">लहजा (भाषाविज्ञान)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="वर्गबोली">वर्गबोली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="कठबोली">कठबोली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="हिंदी की विभिन्न बोलियाँ और उनका साहित्य">हिंदी की विभिन्न बोलियाँ और उनका साहित्य</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="सन्दर्भ"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AD"></span>सन्दर्भ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=4" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: सन्दर्भ"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <small><div class="reflist references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ref44pupup-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ref44pupup_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=yngnwUFC4HMC">Dialect Accent Features for Establishing Speaker Identity: A Case Study</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140428234701/http://books.google.com/books?id=yngnwUFC4HMC">Archived</a> 2014-04-28 at the <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="वेबैक मशीन">वेबैक मशीन</a>, Manisha Kulshreshtha, Ramkumar Mathur, pp. 16, Springer, 2012, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/9781461411383" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4614-1138-3</a>, <i>... some popular dialects of Hindi, namely, Khariboli, Bundeli, Kannauji, and Haryanvi among the western Hindi belt, Chattisgarhi from eastern Hindi dialectal group, Marwari from Rajasthani group, and Bhojpuri from Bihari group ...</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref23huyuc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ref23huyuc_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=uyrD9vycNcgC">Upendranath Ashk: A Critical Biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140428231050/http://books.google.com/books?id=uyrD9vycNcgC">Archived</a> 2014-04-28 at the <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="वेबैक मशीन">वेबैक मशीन</a>, Daisy Rockwell, pp. 78, Katha, 2004, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/9788189020026" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-81-89020-02-6</a>, <i>... Those languages, such as Braj Bhasha and Awadhi, do not actually qualify to be defined as bolis in their literary form, but the double meaning of Boli as both 'dialect' and 'spoken language,' makes it possible to blur distinctions ...</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref83maqaz-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ref83maqaz_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ldjjPAAACAAJ">The Phonology of the Verbal Phrase in Hindko</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140428234805/http://books.google.com/books?id=ldjjPAAACAAJ">Archived</a> 2014-04-28 at the <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="वेबैक मशीन">वेबैक मशीन</a>, Elahi Bakhsh Akhtar Awan, Idara Farogh-e-Hindko, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref96laqoq-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ref96laqoq_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JELvevZ1q5UC">An Introduction to Sociolinguistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429000545/http://books.google.com/books?id=JELvevZ1q5UC">Archived</a> 2014-04-29 at the <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="वेबैक मशीन">वेबैक मशीन</a>, Ronald Wardhaugh, pp. 28, John Wiley & Sons, 2009, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/9781405186681" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4051-8668-1</a>, <i>... A language has more power than any of its dialects. It is the powerful dialect but it has become so because of non-linguistic factors. 'A language is a dialect with an army and a navy' is a well-known observation ...</i></span> </li> </ol></div></small>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=उपभाषा&oldid=6154417">https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=उपभाषा&oldid=6154417</a>" से प्राप्त</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="विशेष:श्रेणियाँ">श्रेणियाँ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="श्रेणी:उपभाषाएँ">उपभाषाएँ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="श्रेणी:भाषा">भाषा</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="श्रेणी:भाषा-विज्ञान">भाषा-विज्ञान</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="श्रेणी:भाषा प्रकार व शैलियाँ">भाषा प्रकार व शैलियाँ</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">छुपी हुई श्रेणियाँ: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="श्रेणी:वेबआर्काइव टेम्पलेट वेबैक कड़ियाँ">वेबआर्काइव टेम्पलेट वेबैक कड़ियाँ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="श्रेणी:आईएसबीएन के जादुई कड़ियों का उपयोग करने वाले पृष्ठ">आईएसबीएन के जादुई कड़ियों का उपयोग करने वाले पृष्ठ</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> अन्तिम परिवर्तन 06:08, 7 जुलाई 2024।</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">यह सामग्री <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">क्रियेटिव कॉमन्स ऍट्रीब्यूशन/शेयर-अलाइक लाइसेंस</a> के तहत उपलब्ध है; 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