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Dialecte - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d&#039;actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" 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<div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Dialecte" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Dialecte" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" 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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Dialecte" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Dialecte" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l&#039;edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d&#039;aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-«Dialecte»_o_«llengua»" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#«Dialecte»_o_«llengua»"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>«Dialecte» o «llengua»</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-«Dialecte»_o_«llengua»-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dialecte</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 131 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">131 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialek" title="Dialek - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dialek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecto" title="Dialecto - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dialecto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="لهجة - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لهجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%87" title="لهجه - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لهجه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="উপভাষা - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উপভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialeutu" title="Dialeutu - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dialeutu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarmie" title="Tarmie - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tarmie" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyalekto" title="Diyalekto - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Diyalekto" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Дыялект - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дыялект" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Дыялект - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дыялект" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="উপভাষা - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡུལ་སྐད། - tibetà" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡུལ་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rannyezh" title="Rannyezh - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rannyezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijalekt" title="Dijalekt - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dijalekt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C5%8Fng-ngi%C3%B2ng" title="Huŏng-ngiòng - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huŏng-ngiòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="زار - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1%C5%99e%C4%8D%C3%AD" title="Nářečí - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nářečí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafodiaith" title="Tafodiaith - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tafodiaith" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyalekt" title="Diyalekt - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Diyalekt" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Διάλεκτος - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διάλεκτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dialect" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dialekto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecto" title="Dialecto - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dialecto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murre" title="Murre - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Murre" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dialekto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="گویش - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گویش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murre" title="Murre - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Murre" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murr%C3%B5q" title="Murrõq - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Murrõq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lf%C3%B8ri" title="Málføri - feroès" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Málføri" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecte" title="Dialecte - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dialecte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%C3%BAint" title="Canúint - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Canúint" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecto" title="Dialecto - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dialecto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%80" title="બોલી - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બોલી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fo-ghlaare" title="Fo-ghlaare - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fo-ghlaare" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91_(%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%92_%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94)" title="ניב (סיווג שפה) - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניב (סיווג שפה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उपभाषा - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उपभाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijalekt" title="Dijalekt - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dijalekt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksan" title="Aksan - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Aksan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialektus" title="Dialektus - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dialektus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%BC" title="Բարբառ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բարբառ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecto" title="Dialecto - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dialecto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialek" title="Dialek - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dialek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecte" title="Dialecte - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Dialecte" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dialekto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ll%C3%BDska" title="Mállýska - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mállýska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetto" title="Dialetto - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dialetto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="方言" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhial%C3%A8k" title="Dhialèk - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dhialèk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="დიალექტი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიალექტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patua" title="Patua - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Patua" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8" title="방언 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="방언" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarava" title="Zarava - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zarava" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectos" title="Dialectos - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dialectos" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialeto" title="Dialeto - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Dialeto" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialek" title="Dialek - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Dialek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialet" title="Dialet - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Dialet" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarm%C4%97" title="Tarmė - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tarmė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekts" title="Dialekts - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dialekts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialek" title="Dialek - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Dialek" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Дијалект - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дијалект" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഉപഭാഷ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉപഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Аялга - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аялга" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोटभाषा - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोटभाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loghat" title="Loghat - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Loghat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djalett" title="Djalett - maltès" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Djalett" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="बोली - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बोली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="कचाभाय् - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कचाभाय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dialect" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5lf%C3%B8re" title="Målføre - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Målføre" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loceis" title="Loceis - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Loceis" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial%C3%A8cte" title="Dialècte - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dialècte" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਉਪਭਾਸ਼ਾ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਪਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecto" title="Dialecto - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Dialecto" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial%C3%A8t" title="Dialèt - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Dialèt" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%91%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پڑبولی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پڑبولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%93%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF" title="گړدود - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="گړدود" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialeto" title="Dialeto - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dialeto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27iti_rimay" title="K&#039;iti rimay - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K&#039;iti rimay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dialect" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Диалект - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диалект" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Діалект - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Діалект" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%8D_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Түөлбэ тыла - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түөлбэ тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byleid" title="Byleid - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Byleid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88" title="لهجو - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لهجو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijalekt" title="Dijalekt - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dijalekt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantala" title="Tantala - taixelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tantala" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taixelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dialect" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1re%C4%8Die" title="Nárečie - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nárečie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nare%C4%8Dje" title="Narečje - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Narečje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afguri" title="Afguri - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Afguri" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekti" title="Dialekti - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dialekti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Дијалект - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дијалект" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial%C3%A9k" title="Dialék - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Dialék" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dialekt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahaja" title="Lahaja - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lahaja" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djalekt" title="Djalekt - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Djalekt" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="வட்டாரமொழி வழக்குகள் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வட்டாரமொழி வழக்குகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาย่อย - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาย่อย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyalekto" title="Diyalekto - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Diyalekto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leh%C3%A7e_(dilbilim)" title="Lehçe (dilbilim) - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lehçe (dilbilim)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6yl%C3%A4m" title="Söyläm - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Söyläm" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Діалект - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діалект" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahja" title="Lahja - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lahja" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dia%C5%82eto" title="Diałeto - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Diałeto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Phương ngữ - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phương ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyaleke" title="Diyaleke - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Diyaleke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyalekto" title="Dyalekto - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dyalekto" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="方言" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="დიალექტი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიალექტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%98" title="דיאלעקט - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דיאלעקט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ - amazic estàndard marroquí" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazic estàndard marroquí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="方言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong-gi%C3%A2n" title="Hong-giân - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hong-giân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="方言" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMvethezo" title="UMvethezo - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UMvethezo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33384#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dialecte" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Dialecte" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d&#039;aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dialecte"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte&amp;action=history" title="Versions antigues d&#039;aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dialecte"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte&amp;action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Dialecte" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Dialecte" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d&#039;aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte&amp;oldid=33484873" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte&amp;action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&amp;page=Dialecte&amp;id=33484873&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDialecte"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDialecte"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Dialecte"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Dialecte&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte&amp;printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d&#039;aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dialects" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33384" title="Enllaç a l&#039;element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style="" data-severity="2"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image" style="width: 52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Crystal128-pipe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/25px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/38px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/50px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <div class="mbox-text-span">Aquest article o secció no <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Citau_les_fonts" title="Viquipèdia:Citau les fonts">cita les fonts</a>&#160;sobre «Gran part de la introducció més tot allò dels exemples de polèmiques.» o necessita més referències per a la seva <a href="/wiki/VP:VER" class="mw-redirect" title="VP:VER">verificabilitat</a>.</div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Un <b>dialecte</b> és una <a href="/wiki/Varietat_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Varietat (lingüística)">varietat</a> d'una <a href="/wiki/Idioma" title="Idioma">llengua</a>, parlada en una certa àrea geogràfica. Els lingüistes l'utilitzen en sentit històric-genètic per referir-se a llengües que deriven d'altres anomenant-les dialectes i en sentit sincrònic-descriptiu per referir-se a una varietat d'una llengua.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010105-106_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010105-106-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> El nombre de parlants, i l'àrea mateixa, poden ser de qualsevol grandària. Un dialecte d'una àrea gran pot tenir molts subdialectes; alhora, un subdialecte pot tenir subsubdialectes i parlars, i així successivament. Les <a href="/wiki/Isoglossa" title="Isoglossa">isoglosses</a> característiques d'un dialecte poden passar la majoria pel mateix lloc o no. En aquest segon cas, l'àrea en la qual es distribueixin serà una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_de_transici%C3%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zona de transició (encara no existeix)">zona de transició</a> i hi trobarem un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte_de_transici%C3%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialecte de transició (encara no existeix)">dialecte de transició</a>. Els dialectes també poden procedir de l'evolució <i>in situ</i> d'un idioma anterior, aleshores es parla de dialecte constitutiu. Per contra, si el lloc on es parla un dialecte no és el de la seva formació es parla de <a href="/wiki/Dialecte_consecutiu" title="Dialecte consecutiu">dialecte consecutiu</a>. L'estudis dels dialectes s'anomena <a href="/wiki/Dialectologia" title="Dialectologia">dialectologia</a>. </p><p>El concepte de <i>dialecte</i> es distingeix del de <i><a href="/wiki/Sociolecte" title="Sociolecte">sociolecte</a></i>, pel fet que aquest és una varietat d'un idioma parlada per un cert estrat social, així com un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cronolecte&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cronolecte (encara no existeix)">cronolecte</a> és la varietat d'un grup generacional o la varietat d'un període històric. Totes tres varietats, però, tenen en comú que són varietats d'un grup i, dins ell, d'una persona. El conjunt de varietats amb què s'expressa cada persona, dialectals o no, inclosos els trets personals, formen el seu <a href="/wiki/Idiolecte" title="Idiolecte">idiolecte</a>. </p><p>En oposició als dialectes, d'abast limitat, hi ha la <a href="/wiki/Llengua_est%C3%A0ndard" title="Llengua estàndard">llengua estàndard</a>, que és la varietat que es codifica per als usos públics més formals i generals (per exemple, l'estàndard escrit) i que està, doncs, més aviat relacionada amb els registres. </p><p>Totes les varietats, dialectals o no, poden distingir-se no sols pel seu <a href="/wiki/Vocabulari" title="Vocabulari">lèxic</a>, sinó també per diferències en la <a href="/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica" title="Gramàtica">gramàtica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morfologia_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" title="Morfologia (lingüística)">morfologia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sintaxi" title="Sintaxi">sintaxi</a>), la <a href="/wiki/Fon%C3%A8tica" title="Fonètica">fonètica</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Pros%C3%B2dia" title="Prosòdia">prosòdia</a>. </p><p>No obstant això, una llengua pot tenir més d'una varietat estàndard, com és el cas de l'<a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s" title="Anglès">anglès</a>, en el qual tenim diferent ortografia i vocabulari estàndard per a l'<a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s_brit%C3%A0nic" title="Anglès britànic">anglès britànic</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s_americ%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglès americà">anglès americà</a> i l'anglès de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a>. Tots ells es consideren variants estàndards de la mateixa llengua. Aquest tipus de llengües s'anomenen <a href="/wiki/Llengua_pluric%C3%A8ntrica" title="Llengua pluricèntrica">llengües pluricèntriques</a>. En el cas del <a href="/wiki/Catal%C3%A0" title="Català">català</a> s'ha parlat alhora de l'existència d'un estàndard policèntric i d'un estàndard composicional. L'estàndard català és composicional per la voluntat de l'autor, Pompeu Fabra, de crear una llengua nacional, perquè en la majoria d'aspectes s'ha adoptat per a l'ús general una solució que havia arribat a ser pròpia d'una part del territori, com és el cas de l'ortografia, basada en la fonètica del <a href="/wiki/Catal%C3%A0_occidental" title="Català occidental">català occidental</a>. També és el cas, en general, de la fonètica (<i>guaita</i>, <i>guaitar</i>, <i>home</i> i no * <i>goita</i>, * <i>goitar</i>, * <i>homo</i>), amb l'excepció del vocalisme àton (<i>trobaré</i>) i de la vocal tònica procedent de la E llarga i la I breu del <a href="/wiki/Llat%C3%AD" title="Llatí">llatí</a> (<i>ceba</i>), en què en cada gran dialecte s'admet en la llengua formal o estàndard la solució pròpia. Aquests dos aspectes, però, no són problemàtics perquè pròpiament no hi ha alternatives excloents: les correspondències entre els dialectes són sistemàtiques, no afecten l'ortografia i no entrebanquen gens la comprensió mútua. Per contra, és problemàtica l'admissió de diferents variants en la morfologia verbal (<a href="/wiki/Polimorfisme_(llengua)" title="Polimorfisme (llengua)">polimorfisme</a>), perquè implica que hi poden haver diferents versions d'un mateix text. Justament, aquest model polimòrfic és el que explica que es parli de l'existència de diferents <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraest%C3%A0ndard&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraestàndard (encara no existeix)">paraestàndards</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="«Dialecte»_o_«llengua»"><span id=".C2.ABDialecte.C2.BB_o_.C2.ABllengua.C2.BB"></span>«Dialecte» o «llengua»</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: «Dialecte» o «llengua»"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En àmbits aliens a la lingüística hi ha un <a href="/wiki/Prejudici" title="Prejudici">prejudici</a> que contraposa el dialecte a la llengua donant-li una valoració negativa al dialecte i una valoració positiva a la llengua.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010104_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010104-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Una llengua constitueix, segons Jesús Tuson, «la coincidència essencial dels dialectes».<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010112-113_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010112-113-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>No existeixen criteris universalment acceptats per a distingir entre llengües i dialectes,<sup id="cite_ref-MarquilloLarruyp33_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarquilloLarruyp33-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010105-111_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010105-111-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> encara que hi ha una sèrie de criteris, que freqüentment donen resultats contradictoris (el més patent és el de la mútua intel·ligibilitat, ja que d'aquesta manera, a través de les zones de transició, podríem considerar idiomes molt diferents com la mateixa llengua)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010106_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010106-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Joan Veny presenta un criteri triple que té problemes de ser posat en pràctica per a determinar si uns distints parlars conformen una llengua:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010106_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010106-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>La comprensió recíproca</li> <li>L'homogeneïtat estructural</li> <li>L'adopció per una mateixa comunitat social</li></ul> <p>En la pràctica, les varietats es consideren dialectes i no idiomes:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010109-110_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010109-110-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>simplement perquè no són (o no són considerats) una llengua <a href="/wiki/Literatura" title="Literatura">literària</a>.</li> <li>perquè els parlants del dialecte no tenen un <a href="/wiki/Estat" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat">estat</a> propi o el seu estat no és diferent del de l'altre dialecte que podria considerar-se llengua diferent, o no tenen un nacionalisme polític consolidat.</li> <li>perquè no tenen un prestigi sociològic.</li> <li>perquè tenen un nombre de parlants reduït i una llengua germana té un nombre de parlants molt major.</li></ul> <p>Per a il·lustrar l'arbitrarietat de la divisió entre dialecte i llengua se cita sovint l'aforisme «<a href="/wiki/Una_llengua_%C3%A9s_un_dialecte_amb_un_ex%C3%A8rcit_i_una_marina" title="Una llengua és un dialecte amb un exèrcit i una marina">una llengua és un dialecte amb un exèrcit i una marina</a>», atribuït per una banda al mariscal <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Lyautey" title="Hubert Lyautey">Lyautey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MarquilloLarruyp33_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarquilloLarruyp33-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> però popularitzat pel lingüista <a href="/wiki/Max_Weinreich" title="Max Weinreich">Max Weinreich</a> en un article seu.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aquests criteris presenten problemes al considerar casos com el grec utilitzat per Plató, el llatí de Ciceró, el català anterior a la reforma de Pompeu Fabra i l'espanyol del <i>Quixot</i>. Jesús Tuson critica aquests criteris com a extralingüístics, ja que són de caràcter jurídicopolític.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010110-111_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010110-111-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Existeixen i van existir casos molt polèmics i debatuts. Per exemple el <a href="/wiki/Gallec" title="Gallec">gallec</a>, considerat per la major part dels lingüistes com un dialecte del <a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%A8s" title="Portuguès">portuguès</a>, encara que políticament es tracten com a llengües diferents. El <a href="/wiki/Serbocroat" title="Serbocroat">serbocroat</a> s'ha separat, per a molts, únicament, per raons polítiques. El <a href="/wiki/Maced%C3%B2nic" title="Macedònic">macedònic</a>, encara que intel·ligible mútuament amb el <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAlgar" title="Búlgar">búlgar</a> i considerat pels lingüistes com un dialecte d'aquest, es considera una llengua pels <a href="/wiki/Nacionalisme" title="Nacionalisme">nacionalistes</a> macedonis. El <a href="/wiki/Liban%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Libanès">libanès</a> intenta secessionar-se de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80rab" title="Àrab">àrab</a>, moviment promogut pels nacionalistes <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristians</a>. A l'època d'<a href="/wiki/Al-%C3%80ndalus" title="Al-Àndalus">al-Àndalus</a> hi va haver un fort debat dins la comunitat <a href="/wiki/Jueva" class="mw-redirect" title="Jueva">jueva</a> en relació a si l'<a href="/wiki/Hebreu" title="Hebreu">hebreu</a> era un dialecte de l'àrab. </p><p>En les <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_escandinaves" title="Llengües escandinaves">llengües escandinaves</a>, especialment les orientals, és difícil marcar-hi fronteres de llengües i dialectes, puix que els parlants de <a href="/wiki/Dan%C3%A8s" title="Danès">danès</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suec" title="Suec">suec</a> i <a href="/wiki/Noruec" title="Noruec">noruec</a> (sobretot <a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">bokmål</a>) tenen un grau d'intel·ligibilitat prou important perquè llurs parlars puguin ser considerats dialectes d'una única llengua. L'<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">afrikaans</a> es considera antic dialecte del <a href="/wiki/Neerland%C3%A8s" title="Neerlandès">neerlandès</a>, que després de rebre altres influències i simplificar-se aconseguí la independència lingüística. L'exemple del <a href="/wiki/Moldau" title="Moldau">moldau</a>, intentant seccionar-lo del <a href="/wiki/Roman%C3%A8s" title="Romanès">romanès</a>, és un altre exemple de la primacia dels interessos polítics sobre els lingüístics. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Indonesi" title="Indonesi">Indonesi</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaisi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaisi (encara no existeix)">malaisi</a> són noms diferents (amb normes diferents) per al <a href="/wiki/Malai" title="Malai">malai</a>. </p><p>A la <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A8rica" title="Península Ibèrica">península Ibèrica</a> han existit disputes tradicionalment al voltant de la consideració de dialecte o llengua per a variants, com ara el <a href="/wiki/Gallec" title="Gallec">gallec</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%A8s" title="Portuguès">portuguès</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> el <a href="/wiki/Catal%C3%A0" title="Català">català</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Valenci%C3%A0" title="Valencià">valencià</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> l'<a href="/wiki/Asturlleon%C3%A8s" title="Asturlleonès">asturià</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Castell%C3%A0" title="Castellà">castellà</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Aragon%C3%A8s" title="Aragonès">aragonès</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Castell%C3%A0" title="Castellà">castellà</a>, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010105-106-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010105-106_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuson2010">Tuson, 2010</a>, p.&#160;105-106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010104-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010104_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuson2010">Tuson, 2010</a>, p.&#160;104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010112-113-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010112-113_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuson2010">Tuson, 2010</a>, p.&#160;112-113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MarquilloLarruyp33-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MarquilloLarruyp33_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MarquilloLarruyp33_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMarquilló_Larruy2002"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Marquilló Larruy</span>, Martina.&#32;«Idees rebudes sobre les llengües i el plurilingüisme». A: <i>Pluralitat de llengües&#160;: 18a. Universitat d'Estiu, del 27 al 31 d'agost de 2001</i>.&#32; Andorra la Vella:&#32;Govern d'Andorra, Ministeri d'Educació, Joventut i Esports, Universitat d'Estiu,&#32;2002,&#32;p.&#160;33. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/99920-0-296-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/99920-0-296-4">ISBN 99920-0-296-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pluralitat+de+lleng%C3%BCes+%3A+18a.+Universitat+d%27Estiu%2C+del+27+al+31+d%27agost+de+2001&amp;rft.atitle=Idees+rebudes+sobre+les+lleng%C3%BCes+i+el+pluriling%C3%BCisme&amp;rft.aulast=Marquill%C3%B3+Larruy&amp;rft.aufirst=Martina&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.pub=Govern+d%27Andorra%2C+Ministeri+d%27Educaci%C3%B3%2C+Joventut+i+Esports%2C+Universitat+d%27Estiu&amp;rft.place=Andorra+la+Vella&amp;rft.pages=33&amp;rft.isbn=99920-0-296-4"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010105-111-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010105-111_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuson2010">Tuson, 2010</a>, p.&#160;105-111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010106-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010106_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010106_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuson2010">Tuson, 2010</a>, p.&#160;106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010109-110-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010109-110_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuson2010">Tuson, 2010</a>, p.&#160;109-110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFWeinreich1945"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Weinreich</span>, Max&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://download.hebrewbooks.org/downloadhandler.ashx?req=43629">The Yivo faces the post-war world</a>».&#32;<i>Yivo Bleter</i>,&#32;1945,&#32;pàg.&#160;13.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuson2010110-111-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuson2010110-111_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuson2010">Tuson, 2010</a>, p.&#160;110-111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRivas1984"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Rivas</span>, Manuel&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/diario/1984/09/05/cultura/463183205_850215.html">Intelectuales gallegos, portugueses y brasileños se reúnen para discutir sobre "los sueños y las utopías comunes</a>».&#32;<i>El País</i>,&#32;05-09-1984.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vegeu: <ul><li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCommittee_of_Experts_of_the_European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages2015"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Committee of Experts of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</span>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectID=09000016805c2b0b#_ftn1">CM(2015)147 - Fourth report of the Committee of Experts in respect of Spain (Punt 552)</a>».&#32;<i>Council of Europe Portal</i>,&#32;22-09-2015.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMourelle_De_Lema1982"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mourelle De Lema</span>, Manuel&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/thesaurus/pdf/37/TH_37_002_023_0.pdf">El valenciano, lengua autóctona</a>».&#32;<i>Thesaurus</i>,&#32;XXXVII,&#32;2,&#32;1982,&#32;pàg.&#160;255-267. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0040-604X">0040-604X</a>.</span></li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBibiloni2002"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bibiloni_i_Canyelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Bibiloni i Canyelles"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bibiloni</span>, Gabriel</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibiloni.net/textos/estandard(s).htm">Un estàndard nacional o tres estàndards regionals?</a>». A:&#32;Bernat Joan. <i>Perspectives sociolingüístiques a les Illes Balears</i>.&#32; Eivissa:&#32;Res Publica,&#32;2002. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-89810-52-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-89810-52-4">ISBN 84-89810-52-4</a></span>&#32;[Consulta: 21 febrer 2009].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Perspectives+socioling%C3%BC%C3%ADstiques+a+les+Illes+Balears&amp;rft.atitle=Un+est%C3%A0ndard+nacional+o+tres+est%C3%A0ndards+regionals%3F&amp;rft.aulast=Bibiloni&amp;rft.aufirst=Gabriel&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.pub=Res+Publica&amp;rft.place=Eivissa&amp;rft.isbn=84-89810-52-4"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBibiloni1997"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bibiloni_i_Canyelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Bibiloni i Canyelles"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bibiloni</span>, Gabriel</a>. <i>Llengua estàndard i variació lingüística</i>.&#32; València:&#32;Tres i Quatre,&#32;1997. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-7502-521-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-7502-521-8">ISBN 84-7502-521-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Llengua+est%C3%A0ndard+i+variaci%C3%B3+ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica&amp;rft.aulast=Bibiloni&amp;rft.aufirst=Gabriel&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.pub=Tres+i+Quatre&amp;rft.place=Val%C3%A8ncia&amp;rft.isbn=84-7502-521-8"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFTuson2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Tuson</span>, Jesús. <i>Mal de llengües&#160;: a l'entorn dels prejudicis lingüístics</i>. 1.ª ed. en aquest segell.&#32; Barcelona:&#32;Empúries,&#32;2010,&#32;p.&#160;14. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-9930-084-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-9930-084-9">ISBN 978-84-9930-084-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mal+de+lleng%C3%BCes+%3A+a+l%27entorn+dels+prejudicis+ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstics&amp;rft.aulast=Tuson&amp;rft.aufirst=Jes%C3%BAs&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.edition=1.%C2%AA+ed.+en+aquest+segell&amp;rft.pub=Emp%C3%BAries&amp;rft.place=Barcelona&amp;rft.pages=14&amp;rft.isbn=978-84-9930-084-9"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialecte&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dialectes_del_catal%C3%A0" title="Dialectes del català">Dialectes del català</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_pluric%C3%A8ntrica" title="Llengua pluricèntrica">Llengua pluricèntrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anivellament_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstic" title="Anivellament lingüístic">Anivellament lingüístic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Significat_evocat" title="Significat evocat">Significat evocat</a></li></ul> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin:5px; padding: 5px; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left;" class="infobox noprint plainlinks"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%">En altres projectes de <a href="/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Wikimedia" title="Fundació Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/26px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/34px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dialects" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dialects"><b>Commons</b></a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33384?uselang=ca#sitelinks-special" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Viccionari.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Viccionari"><img alt="Viccionari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Viccionari.png/17px-Viccionari.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Viccionari.png/26px-Viccionari.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Viccionari.png/34px-Viccionari.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Viccionari</figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><span class="interProject"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialecte" class="extiw" title="wikt:dialecte">Viccionari</a> </span></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d&#39;autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119757609">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4040725-1">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85037527">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563335">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Txeca">NKC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph114314&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐868c97b84f‐t9t5l Cached time: 20241114015502 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.192 seconds Real time usage: 0.281 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2696/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20226/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6344/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8120/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.058/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2042492/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 234.955 1 -total 40.16% 94.368 1 Plantilla:Projectes_germans 24.38% 57.276 1 Plantilla:Referències 15.28% 35.906 4 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