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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biographical_background_and_publication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographical_background_and_publication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Biographical background and publication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographical_background_and_publication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_and_historical_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_and_historical_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Literary and historical context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_and_historical_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plot_summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot_summary"> <div 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Critical reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Television adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The Coral Island</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="جزيرة المرجان (رواية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة المرجان (رواية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="দ্য কোরাল আইল্যান্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্য কোরাল আইল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_isla_de_coral" title="La isla de coral – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La isla de coral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_(%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="جزیره مرجانی (رمان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزیره مرجانی (رمان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele_de_corail" title="L'Île de corail – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="L'Île de corail" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coral_Island" title="The Coral Island – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The Coral Island" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9D_(%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8)" title="אי האלמוגים (ספר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אי האלמוגים (ספר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ദ കോറൽ അയലന്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ കോറൽ അയലന്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਦ ਕੋਰਲ ਆਈਲੈਂਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦ ਕੋਰਲ ਆਈਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Коралловый остров (роман) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коралловый остров (роман)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Корално острво – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Корално острво" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korall%C3%B6n" title="Korallön – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Korallön" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercan_Adas%C4%B1_(kitap)" title="Mercan Adası (kitap) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mercan Adası (kitap)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:En-The_Coral_Island-article.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1857 novel by R. M. Ballantyne</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1857 novel. For the geographical feature, see <a href="/wiki/Coral_island" title="Coral island">coral island</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Coral_Island_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Coral Island (disambiguation)">Coral Island (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;"><i>The Coral Island </i> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27%27The+Coral+Island+%27%27&rft.author=%5B%5BR.+M.+Ballantyne%5D%5D&rft.date=1857&rft.pub=%5B%5BThomas+Nelson+%28publisher%29%7CT.+Nelson+%26+Sons%5D%5D"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coral_Island_1893.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Coral_Island_1893.jpg/200px-Coral_Island_1893.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Coral_Island_1893.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="392" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Title page, illustrated 1893 edition of <i>The Coral Island</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R._M._Ballantyne" title="R. M. Ballantyne">R. M. Ballantyne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adventure_fiction" title="Adventure fiction">Adventure novel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_(publisher)" title="Thomas Nelson (publisher)">T. Nelson & Sons</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1857</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print (<a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">Hardback</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Coral_Island" class="extiw" title="s:The Coral Island"><i>The Coral Island </i></a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Coral Island: A Tale of the Pacific Ocean</b></i> is an 1857 novel written by <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> author <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R._M._Ballantyne" title="R. M. Ballantyne">R. M. Ballantyne</a></span>. One of the first works of <a href="/wiki/Young_adult_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Young adult fiction">juvenile fiction</a> to feature exclusively juvenile heroes, the story relates the adventures of three boys marooned on a <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">South Pacific</a> island, the only survivors of a shipwreck. </p><p>A typical <a href="/wiki/Robinsonade" title="Robinsonade">Robinsonade</a> – a genre of fiction inspired by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe" title="Robinson Crusoe">Robinson Crusoe</a></i> – and one of the most popular of its type, the book first went on sale in late 1857 and has never been out of print. Among the novel's major themes are the civilising effect of Christianity, 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a> in the South Pacific, and the importance of hierarchy and leadership. It was the inspiration for <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dystopian_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Dystopian novel">dystopian novel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Flies" title="Lord of the Flies">Lord of the Flies</a></i> (1954), which inverted the morality of <i>The Coral Island</i>; in Ballantyne's story the children encounter evil, but in <i>Lord of the Flies</i> evil is within them. </p><p>In the early 20th century, the novel was considered a classic for <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary school</a> children in the UK, and in the United States it was a staple of high-school suggested reading lists. Modern critics consider the book's worldview to be dated and imperialist, but although less popular today, <i>The Coral Island</i> was adapted into a four-part children's television drama broadcast by <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> in 2000. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographical_background_and_publication">Biographical background and publication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biographical background and publication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> in 1825, and raised there, Ballantyne was the ninth of ten children and the youngest son. Tutored by his mother and sisters, his only formal education was a brief period at <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Academy" title="Edinburgh Academy">Edinburgh Academy</a> in 1835–37. At the age of 16 he travelled to Canada, where he spent five years working for the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a>, trading with the First Nations for furs.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned to Scotland in 1847 and for some years worked for the publisher <a href="/wiki/Constable_%26_Robinson" title="Constable & Robinson">Messrs Constable</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-TimesObit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimesObit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first as a clerk<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then as a partner in the business.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantyne20046_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantyne20046-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his time in Canada he had helped to pass the time by writing long letters to his mother – to which he attributed "whatever small amount of facility in composition [he] may have acquired"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantyne20044_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantyne20044-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – and began his first book.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantyne20045_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantyne20045-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ballantyne's Canadian experiences formed the basis of his first novel, <i>The Young Fur Traders</i>, published in 1856,<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the year he decided to become a full-time writer and embarked on the adventure stories for the young with which his name is popularly associated.<sup id="cite_ref-TimesObit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimesObit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ballantyne never visited the <a href="/wiki/Coral_island" title="Coral island">coral islands</a> of the South Pacific, relying instead on the accounts of others that were then beginning to emerge in Britain, which he exaggerated for theatrical effect by including "plenty of gore and violence meant to titillate his juvenile readership".<sup id="cite_ref-Children's_Literature_Review_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Children's_Literature_Review-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His ignorance of the South Pacific caused him to erroneously describe <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconuts</a> as being soft and easily opened. After learning of this mistake, resolved to write only about things he had personal experience of.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker1990167–168_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker1990167–168-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ballantyne wrote <i>The Coral Island</i> while staying in a house on the <a href="/wiki/Burntisland" title="Burntisland">Burntisland</a> seafront opposite Edinburgh on the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a> in Fife. According to Ballantyne biographer <a href="/wiki/Eric_Quayle" title="Eric Quayle">Eric Quayle</a> he borrowed extensively from an 1852 novel by the American author <a href="/wiki/James_F._Bowman" title="James F. Bowman">James F. Bowman</a>, <i>The Island Home</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dutheil_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dutheil-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also borrowed from <a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(missionary)" title="John Williams (missionary)">John Williams</a>'s <i>Narrative of Missionary Enterprises</i> (1837), to the extent that cultural historian <a href="/wiki/Rod_Edmond" title="Rod Edmond">Rod Edmond</a> has suggested that Ballantyne must have written one chapter of <i>The Coral Island</i> with Williams's book open in front of him, so similar is the text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmond1997147_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmond1997147-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edmond describes the novel as "a fruit cocktail of other writing about the Pacific",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmond1997146_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmond1997146-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adding that "by modern standards Ballantyne's plagiarism in <i>The Coral Island</i> is startling".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmond1997148_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmond1997148-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the first edition is dated 1858 it was on sale in bookshops from early December 1857; dating books forward was a common practice at the time, especially during the Christmas period,<sup id="cite_ref-McCulloch_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCulloch-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to "preserve their newness" into the new year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESammons2004xviii_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESammons2004xviii-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Coral Island</i> is Ballantyne's second novel,<sup id="cite_ref-DictionaryOfWriters_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DictionaryOfWriters-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has never been out of print.<sup id="cite_ref-Jolly_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolly-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an exceedingly prolific author who wrote more than 100 books in his 40-year career.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETownsend197461–62_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETownsend197461–62-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to professor and author John Rennie Short, Ballantyne had a "deep religious conviction", and felt it his duty to educate <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> middle-class boys – his target audience – in "codes of honour, decency, and religiosity".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShort2002163_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShort2002163-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first edition of <i>The Coral Island</i> was published by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_(publisher)" title="Thomas Nelson (publisher)">T. Nelson & Sons</a>, who in common with many other publishers of the time had a policy when accepting a manuscript of buying the copyright from the author rather than paying royalties; as a result, authors generally did not receive any income from the sale of subsequent editions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinMcCleery201276_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinMcCleery201276-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ballantyne received between £50 and £60,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter2007359_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter2007359-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equivalent to about £6500 as of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but when the novel's popularity became evident and the number of editions increased he tried unsuccessfully to buy back the copyright. He wrote bitterly to Nelsons in 1893 about the copyrights they held on his books while he had earned nothing: "for thirty-eight years [you have] reaped the whole profits".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard2007410_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2007410-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Coral Island</i> – still considered a classic – was republished by <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a> in 1995, in their Popular Classics series.<sup id="cite_ref-Dutheil_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dutheil-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_and_historical_context">Literary and historical context</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Literary and historical context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Published during the "first golden age of children's fiction",<sup id="cite_ref-McCulloch_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCulloch-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Coral Island</i> began a trend in boys' fiction by using boys as the main characters, a device now commonplace in the genre.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It preserves, according to literary critic Minnie Singh, the moralizing aspects of didactic texts, but does so (and in this regard it is a "founding text") by the "congruence of subject and implied reader": the story is about boys and written retrospectively as though by a boy, for an audience of boys.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to literary critic <a href="/wiki/Frank_Kermode" title="Frank Kermode">Frank Kermode</a>, <i>The Coral Island</i> "could be used as a document in the history of ideas".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKermode1962203_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKermode1962203-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A scientific and social background for the novel is found in <a href="/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinism</a>, of the natural and the <a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">social</a> kind. For instance, although <i>The Coral Island</i> was published a year before <i><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_Species" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of Species">Origin of Species</a></i> (whose ideas were already being circulated and discussed widely), <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>'s 1842 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Structure_and_Distribution_of_Coral_Reefs" title="The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs">The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs</a></i> was one of the best-known contemporary accounts of the growth of coral.<sup id="cite_ref-CoralJewellery_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoralJewellery-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ballantyne had been reading books by Darwin and by his rival <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-McCulloch_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCulloch-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in later publications he also acknowledged the naturalist <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ogg_Forbes" title="Henry Ogg Forbes">Henry Ogg Forbes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interest in evolutionary theory was reflected in much contemporary popular literature,<sup id="cite_ref-Hannabuss_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hannabuss-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and social Darwinism was an important factor contributing to the world view of the Victorians and their empire building.<sup id="cite_ref-Brantlinger_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brantlinger-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot_summary">Plot summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Plot summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The story is written as a <a href="/wiki/First-person_narrative" title="First-person narrative">first person narrative</a> from the perspective of 15-year-old Ralph Rover, one of three boys shipwrecked on the <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a> of a large but uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesian</a> island. Ralph tells the story retrospectively, looking back on his boyhood adventure: "I was a boy when I went through the wonderful adventures herein set down. With the memory of my boyish feelings strong upon me, I present my book especially to boys, in the earnest hope that they may derive valuable information, much pleasure, great profit, and unbounded amusement from its pages."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantyne1911Preface_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantyne1911Preface-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Coral_Island_-_Shipwrecked.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white illustration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_Coral_Island_-_Shipwrecked.jpg/170px-The_Coral_Island_-_Shipwrecked.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_Coral_Island_-_Shipwrecked.jpg/255px-The_Coral_Island_-_Shipwrecked.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/The_Coral_Island_-_Shipwrecked.jpg/340px-The_Coral_Island_-_Shipwrecked.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>Jack, Ralph, and Peterkin after reaching the island, from an 1884 edition of the novel</figcaption></figure> <p>The account starts briskly; only four pages are devoted to Ralph's early life and a further fourteen to his voyage to the Pacific Ocean on board the <i>Arrow</i>. He and his two companions – 18-year-old Jack Martin and 13-year-old Peterkin Gay – are the sole survivors of the shipwreck. The narrative is in two parts. The first describes how the boys feed themselves, what they drink, the clothing and shelter they fashion, and how they cope with having to rely on their own resources. The second half of the novel is more action-packed, featuring conflicts with pirates, fighting between the native Polynesians, and the conversion efforts of Christian missionaries. </p><p>Fruit, fish and wild pigs provide plentiful food, and at first the boys' life on the island is idyllic. They build a shelter and construct a small boat using their only possessions: a broken telescope, an iron-bound oar, and a small axe. Their first contact with other humans comes after several months when they observe two large <a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">outrigger canoes</a> in the distance, one pursued by the other. The two groups of Polynesians disembark on the beach and engage in battle; the victors take fifteen prisoners and kill and eat one immediately. But when they threaten to kill one of the three women captured, along with two children, the boys intervene to defeat the pursuers, earning them the gratitude of the chief, Tararo. The next morning they prevent another act of <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">cannibalism</a>. The natives leave, and the boys are alone once more. </p><p>More unwelcome visitors then arrive in the shape of British <a href="/wiki/Pirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate">pirates</a>, who make a living by trading or stealing <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a>. The three boys hide in a cave, but Ralph is captured when he ventures out to see if the intruders have left and is taken on board the pirate <a href="/wiki/Schooner" title="Schooner">schooner</a>. He strikes up a friendship with one of the crew, Bloody Bill, and when the ship calls at the island of Emo to trade for more wood Ralph experiences many facets of the island's culture: the popular sport of <a href="/wiki/History_of_surfing" title="History of surfing">surfing</a>, the sacrificing of babies to <a href="/wiki/Tuna_(Polynesian_mythology)" title="Tuna (Polynesian mythology)">eel gods</a>, rape, and cannibalism. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coral_Island04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white illustration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Coral_Island04.jpg/170px-Coral_Island04.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Coral_Island04.jpg/255px-Coral_Island04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Coral_Island04.jpg/340px-Coral_Island04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption>Ralph and Bloody Bill making their escape on board the pirate schooner, from an 1884 edition of the novel</figcaption></figure> <p>Rising tensions result in the inhabitants attacking the pirates, leaving only Ralph and Bloody Bill alive. The pair succeed in making their escape in the schooner, but Bill is mortally wounded. He makes a death-bed repentance for his evil life, leaving Ralph to sail back to the Coral Island alone, where he is reunited with his friends. </p><p>The three boys sail to the island of Mango, where a <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> has converted some of the population to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. There they once again meet Tararo, whose daughter Avatea wishes to become a Christian against her father's wishes. The boys attempt to take Avatea in a small boat to a nearby island the chief of which has been converted, but <i>en route</i> they are overtaken by one of Tararo's war canoes and taken prisoner. They are released a month later after the arrival of another missionary, and Tararo's conversion to Christianity. The "<a href="/wiki/False_gods" class="mw-redirect" title="False gods">false gods</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantyne1911332_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantyne1911332-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Mango are consigned to the flames, and the boys set sail for home, older and wiser. They return as adults for another adventure in Ballantyne's 1861 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gorilla_Hunters" title="The Gorilla Hunters">The Gorilla Hunters</a></i>, a sequel to <i>The Coral Island</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Honaker_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Honaker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie1989158_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie1989158-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genre_and_style">Genre and style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Genre and style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All Ballantyne's novels are, in his own words, "adventure stories for young folks", and <i>The Coral Island</i> is no exception.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShort2002163_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShort2002163-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Robinsonade" title="Robinsonade">Robinsonade</a>, a genre of fiction inspired by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe" title="Robinson Crusoe">Robinson Crusoe</a></i> (1719),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathison2008173_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathison2008173-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the most popular of its type,<sup id="cite_ref-Children's_Literature_Review_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Children's_Literature_Review-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one of the first works of juvenile fiction to feature exclusively juvenile heroes.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips199636_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips199636-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Susan Maher, professor of English, notes that, in comparison to <i>Robinson Crusoe</i>, such books generally replaced some of the original's romance with a "pedestrian realism", exemplified by works such as <i>The Coral Island</i> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Marryat" title="Frederick Marryat">Frederick Marryat</a>'s 1841 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Masterman_Ready,_or_the_Wreck_of_the_Pacific" title="Masterman Ready, or the Wreck of the Pacific">Masterman Ready, or the Wreck of the Pacific</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maher_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maher-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romance</a>, with its attention to character development, was only restored to the genre of boys' fiction with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Island" title="Treasure Island">Treasure Island</a></i> argues literary critic Lisa Honaker. <i>The Coral Island</i>, for all its adventure, is greatly occupied with the <a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">realism</a> of domestic fiction (the domain of the realist novel); Ballantyne devotes about a third of the book to descriptions of the boys' living arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-Honaker_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Honaker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book exhibits a "light-hearted confidence" in its description of an adventure that was above all fun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips199638_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips199638-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Ralph says in his preface: "If there is any boy or man who loves to be melancholy and morose, and who cannot enter with kindly sympathy into the regions of fun, let me seriously advise him to shut my book and put it away. It is not meant for him."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantyne1911Preface_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantyne1911Preface-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professor of English <span class="nowrap">M. Daphne Kutzer</span> has observed that "the swift movement of the story from coastal England to exotic Pacific island is similar to the swift movement from the real world to the fantastic in children's fantasy".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKutzer20002_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKutzer20002-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To a modern reader, Ballantyne's books can seem overly concerned with accounts of flora and fauna,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELessingOusby199354_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELessingOusby199354-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an "ethnographic gloss" intended to suggest that their settings are real places offering adventures to those who can reach them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKutzer20002_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKutzer20002-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can also seem "obtrusively pious",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELessingOusby199354_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELessingOusby199354-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but, according to John Rennie Short, the moral tone of Ballantyne's writing is compensated for by his ability to tell a "cracking good yarn in an accessible and well-fashioned prose style".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShort2002163_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShort2002163-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major themes of the novel revolve around the influence of Christianity, the importance of social hierarchies, and the inherent superiority of civilised Europeans over the South Sea islanders; Martine Dutheil, professor of English, considers the novel "a key text mapping out colonial relations in the Victorian period".<sup id="cite_ref-Dutheil_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dutheil-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basic subject of the novel is popular and widespread: "castaway children assuming adult responsibilities without adult supervision", and <i>The Coral Island</i> is considered the classic example of such a book.<sup id="cite_ref-Niemeyer_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niemeyer-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>I saw that these inhuman monsters were actually launching their canoe over the living bodies of their victims. But there was no pity in the breasts of these men. Forward they went in ruthless indifference, shouting as they went, while high above their voices rang the dying shrieks of those wretched creatures as, one after another, the ponderous canoe passed over them, burst the eyeballs from their sockets, and sent the life-blood gushing from their mouths. Oh reader, this is no fiction! I would not, for the sake of thrilling you with horror, invent so terrible a scene. It was witnessed. It is true – true as that accursed sin which has rendered the human heart capable of such diabolical enormities!<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantyne1911245_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantyne1911245-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>The supposed civilising influence of missionaries in spreading Christianity among the natives of the South Seas is an important theme of the second half of the story;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETownsend197461–62_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETownsend197461–62-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as Jack remarks to Peterkin, "all the natives of the South Sea Islands are fierce cannibals, and they have little respect for strangers".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantyne1911172_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantyne1911172-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern critics view this aspect of the novel less benevolently; Jerry Phillips, in a 1995 article, sees in <i>The Coral Island</i> the "perfect realiz[ation]" of "the official discourse of 19th century Pacific imperialism", which he argues was "obsessed with the purity of God, Trade, and the Nation."<sup id="cite_ref-Phillips_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phillips-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The importance of hierarchy and leadership is also a significant element. The overarching hierarchy of race is informed by Victorian concepts, influenced by the new theories of evolution proposed by Darwin and others. In morals and culture, the natives are placed lower on the evolutionary ladder than are Europeans, as is evidenced in the battle over the native woman Avatea, which pits "the forces of civilization versus the forces of cannibalism".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKutzer20006_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKutzer20006-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another hierarchy is seen in the organisation of the boys. Although Jack, Ralph and Peterkin each have a say in how they should organise themselves, ultimately the younger boys defer to Jack,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKutzer20002–3_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKutzer20002–3-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "a natural leader",<sup id="cite_ref-Niemeyer_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niemeyer-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly in a crisis, forming a natural hierarchy. The pirates also have a hierarchy, but one without democracy, and as a consequence are wiped out. The hierarchy of the natives is imposed by savagery. Ballantyne's message is that leaders should be respected by those they lead, and govern with their consent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKutzer20002–3_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKutzer20002–3-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This educational message is especially appropriate considering Ballantyne's adolescent audience, "the future rulers of the world".<sup id="cite_ref-Maher_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maher-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern critics find darker undertones in the novel. In an essay published in <i><a href="/wiki/College_English" title="College English">College English</a></i> in 2001, Martine Dutheil states that <i>The Coral Island</i> can be thought of as epitomising a move away from "the confidence and optimism of the early Victorian proponents of <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British imperialism</a>" toward "self-consciousness and anxiety about colonial domination". She locates this anxiety in what she calls the "rhetoric of excess" that features in the descriptions of cannibalism, and especially in the accounts of Fijian savagery provided by Bloody Bill (most notably that of the sacrifice of children to the eel gods) and the missionary, a representative of the <a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a>, an "emblematic figure of colonial fiction".<sup id="cite_ref-Dutheil_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dutheil-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have also linked popular boys' fiction of the period with imperialism; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bristow_(literary_scholar)" title="Joseph Bristow (literary scholar)">Joseph Bristow</a>'s <i>Empire Boys</i> (1991) claimed to see an <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'imperialist manhood,' which shaped British attitudes towards empire and masculinity."<sup id="cite_ref-August_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-August-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel's portrayal of Pacific culture and the effects of colonisation are analyzed in studies such as <a href="/wiki/Brian_Street" title="Brian Street">Brian Street</a>'s <i>The Savage in Literature: Representations of '<a href="/wiki/Urgesellschaft" title="Urgesellschaft">primitive society</a> in English Fiction</i> (1975)<sup id="cite_ref-Korg_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korg-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Rod Edmond's <i>Representing the South Pacific: Colonial Discourse from Cook to Gauguin</i> (1998).<sup id="cite_ref-Hanlon_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanlon-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kitalong_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitalong-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The domination imposed by "geographical mapping of a territory and policing of its native inhabitants" is an important theme in the novel both specifically and in general, in the topography of the island as mapped by the boys and the South Pacific's "eventual subjugation and conversion to Christianity", a topic continued in Stevenson's <i>Treasure Island</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathison2008178_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathison2008178-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exploration of the relationship between nature and evangelical Christianity is another typically Victorian theme. Coral connects the two ideas. Literary critic Katharine Anderson explains that coral jewellery, popular in the period, had a "pious significance".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "enchanted garden" of coral the boys discover at the bottom of their island's lagoon is suggestive of "missionary encounters with the societies of the Pacific Island".<sup id="cite_ref-CoralJewellery_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoralJewellery-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Victorian society coral had been given an "evangelical framing", and the little "coral insect" responsible for building coral reefs<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mirrored the "child reader's productive capacity as a fundraiser for the missionary cause"; literary critic Michelle Elleray discusses numerous children's books from the early to mid-19th century, including <i>The Coral Island</i>, in which coral plays such an educational role.<sup id="cite_ref-Elleray_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elleray-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The novel's setting provides the backdrop for a meditation in the style of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>, who promoted an educational setting in which lessons are provided by direct interactions with the natural world rather than by books and coercive teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrnstein2012103–105_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrnstein2012103–105-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh points out that Rousseau, in <i><a href="/wiki/Emile,_or_On_Education" title="Emile, or On Education">Emile, or On Education</a></i>, promotes the reading and even imitation of <i>Robinson Crusoe</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> literary critic Fiona McCulloch argues that the unmediated knowledge the boys gain on their coral island resembles the "direct language for children" Rousseau advocates in <i>Emile</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCulloch_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCulloch-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Critical reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Coral Island</i> was an almost instant success, and was translated into almost every European language within fifty years of its publication.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarpenterPrichard1984131_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarpenterPrichard1984131-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was widely admired by its contemporary readers, although modern critics view the text as featuring "dated <a href="/wiki/Colonialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonialist">colonialist</a> themes and arguably <a href="/wiki/Racist" class="mw-redirect" title="Racist">racist</a> undertones".<sup id="cite_ref-Children's_Literature_Review_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Children's_Literature_Review-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ballantyne's blend of blood-thirsty adventure and pious imperialism appealed not just to his target juvenile audience but also to their parents and teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-LitEncyc_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LitEncyc-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is today mainly remembered for <i>The Coral Island</i>, to the exclusion of much of his other work.<sup id="cite_ref-Forman_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forman-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The novel was still considered a classic for English <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary school</a> children in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Marsh_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marsh-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States it was long a staple of suggested reading lists for <a href="/wiki/High-school" class="mw-redirect" title="High-school">high-school</a> students; such a list, discussed in a 1915 article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The English Journal">The English Journal</a></i>, recommends the novel in the category "Stories for Boys in Easy Style".<sup id="cite_ref-Herzberg_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herzberg-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A simplified adaptation of the book was recommended in the 1950s for American 12–14 year olds.<sup id="cite_ref-Assuma_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Assuma-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blair_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blair-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although mostly neglected by modern scholars<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and generally considered to be dated in many aspects, in 2006 it was voted one of the top twenty Scottish novels at the 15th <a href="/wiki/International_World_Wide_Web_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="International World Wide Web Conference">International World Wide Web Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-www2006_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www2006-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>'s 1882 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Island" title="Treasure Island">Treasure Island</a></i> was in part inspired by <i>The Coral Island</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrantlinger200933_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrantlinger200933-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which he admired for its "better qualities",<sup id="cite_ref-Children's_Literature_Review_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Children's_Literature_Review-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as was <a href="/wiki/J._M._Barrie" title="J. M. Barrie">J. M. Barrie</a>'s character <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan" title="Peter Pan">Peter Pan</a>; both Stevenson and Barrie had been "fervent boy readers" of the novel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Sullivan201037_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Sullivan201037-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Novelist <a href="/wiki/G._A._Henty" title="G. A. Henty">G. A. Henty</a> was also influenced by Ballantyne's audience-friendly method of didactism.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a>'s 1954 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Flies" title="Lord of the Flies">Lord of the Flies</a></i> was written as a counterpoint to (or even a parody of)<sup id="cite_ref-McNamara_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNamara-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Coral Island</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKundu2006219_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKundu2006219-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Golding makes explicit references to it. At the end of the novel, for instance, one of the naval officers who rescues the children mentions the book, commenting on the hunt for one of their number, Ralph, as a "jolly good show. Like the Coral Island".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReiff201093_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReiff201093-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jack also makes an appearance in <i>Lord of the Flies</i> as Jack Merridew, representing the irrational nature of the boys. Indeed, Golding's three central characters – Ralph, Simon and Jack – are caricatures of Ballantyne's heroes.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite having enjoyed <i>The Coral Island</i> many times as a child, Golding strongly disagreed with the views that it espoused, and in contrast <i>Lord of the Flies</i> depicts the English boys as savages themselves,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKundu2006219_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKundu2006219-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who forget more than they learn, unlike Ballantyne's boys.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETownsend197461–62_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETownsend197461–62-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Golding described the relationship between the two books by saying that <i>The Coral Island</i> "rotted to compost" in his mind, and in the compost "a new myth put down roots".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKundu2006219_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKundu2006219-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither is the idyllic nature of Ballantyne's coral island to be found on Stevenson's treasure island, which is unsuitable for settlement "but exists merely as a site from which to excavate treasure, a view consistent with the late-Victorian imperial mission" according to Honaker.<sup id="cite_ref-Honaker_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Honaker-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television_adaptations">Television adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Television adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Coral Island</i> was adapted into a <a href="/wiki/Coral_Island_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral Island (TV series)">children's television series</a> in a joint venture between <a href="/wiki/Thames_Television" title="Thames Television">Thames Television</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a> in 1980, first shown on Australian and British television in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-BFIThames_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFIThames-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also adapted into a four-part children's television drama by <a href="/wiki/Zenith_Productions" title="Zenith Productions">Zenith Productions</a>, broadcast by <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-BFIZenith_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFIZenith-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Coral Island</i> is Ballantyne's third book, but his first, <i>Hudson's Bay; or, Every-day Life in the Wilds of North America</i> (1848) is a work of non-fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-DictionaryOfWriters_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DictionaryOfWriters-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It was not until the 1880s that the modern system of paying authors an agreed percentage of the retail price of every book sold became commonplace in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinMcCleery201280_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinMcCleery201280-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Calculated using the Bank of England's UK price index.<sup id="cite_ref-BOE_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOE-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Victorian love of coral jewellery was at its height from the 1840s to the 1850s, perhaps prompted by the coral ornaments presented by her husband to his royal bride, the <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Carolina_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies_(1822%E2%80%931869)" title="Princess Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1822–1869)">Duchess d'Aumale</a>, at their wedding in Naples<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlowerLangley-Levy_Moore200218_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlowerLangley-Levy_Moore200218-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1844.<sup id="cite_ref-TimesMarriage_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimesMarriage-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Coral insect" was a term commonly used in Ballantyne's time to describe the coral <a href="/wiki/Polyp_(zoology)" title="Polyp (zoology)">polyps</a> the remains of which form the coral; they were not considered to be literally insects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarwin20094_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarwin20094-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRennie2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2">Rennie, Neil (2004), <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/1232">"Ballantyne, Robert Michael (1825–1894)"</a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.), Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F1232">10.1093/ref:odnb/1232</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2013</span></cite><span 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(1955), "Reading Materials for Pupils with Reading Disabilities", <i>The High School Journal</i>, <b>39</b> (1): 14–21, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40363447">40363447</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+High+School+Journal&rft.atitle=Reading+Materials+for+Pupils+with+Reading+Disabilities&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14-21&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40363447%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Glenn+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www2006-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-www2006_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2006.org/top20/novels/">"Top twenty Scottish novels"</a>, WWW2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314024829/http://www2006.org/top20/novels/">archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+twenty+Scottish+novels&rft.pub=WWW2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2006.org%2Ftop20%2Fnovels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrantlinger200933-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrantlinger200933_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrantlinger2009">Brantlinger (2009)</a>, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Sullivan201037-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Sullivan201037_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Sullivan2010">O'Sullivan (2010)</a>, p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNamara-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McNamara_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNamara1965" class="citation cs2">McNamara, Eugene (1965), "Holden as Novelist", <i><a href="/wiki/English_Journal" title="English Journal">English Journal</a></i>, <b>54</b> (3): 166–170, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F811334">10.2307/811334</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/811334">811334</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Journal&rft.atitle=Holden+as+Novelist&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=166-170&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F811334&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F811334%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=McNamara&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKundu2006219-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKundu2006219_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKundu2006219_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKundu2006219_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKundu2006">Kundu (2006)</a>, p. 219</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReiff201093-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReiff201093_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReiff2010">Reiff (2010)</a>, p. 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Golding and Frank Kermode, "The Meaning of It All," broadcast on the BBC Third Programme, August 28, 1959, in <i>William Golding's Lord of the Flies: Casebook Edition: Text, Notes & Criticism</i> (New York: Perigree Books, 1983), p. 201: Golding explains to Frank Kermode in the course of the interview that "Peterkin . . . is Simon, by the way, Simon called Peter, you see."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFIThames-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BFIThames_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207142758/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/175621">"Coral Island"</a>, British Film Institute, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/175621">the original</a> on 7 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coral+Island&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftvdb.bfi.org.uk%2Fsift%2Ftitle%2F175621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFIZenith-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BFIZenith_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121222408/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/663641">"The Coral Island"</a>, British Film Institute, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/663641">the original</a> on 21 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Coral+Island&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftvdb.bfi.org.uk%2Fsift%2Ftitle%2F663641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallantyne1911" class="citation cs2">Ballantyne, R. M. (1911) [1858], <i>The Coral Island: A Tale of the Pacific Ocean</i>, Thomas Nelson and Sons, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/540728645">540728645</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coral+Island%3A+A+Tale+of+the+Pacific+Ocean&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson+and+Sons&rft.date=1911&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F540728645&rft.aulast=Ballantyne&rft.aufirst=R.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallantyne2004" class="citation cs2">Ballantyne, R. M. (2004) [1893], <i>Personal Reminiscences in Book Making</i>, Kessinger Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-4102-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-4102-7"><bdi>978-1-4191-4102-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personal+Reminiscences+in+Book+Making&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4191-4102-7&rft.aulast=Ballantyne&rft.aufirst=R.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrantlinger2009" class="citation cs2">Brantlinger, Patrick (2009), <i>Victorian Literature and Postcolonial Studies</i>, Edinburgh University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-3304-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-3304-3"><bdi>978-0-7486-3304-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victorian+Literature+and+Postcolonial+Studies&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-3304-3&rft.aulast=Brantlinger&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenterPrichard1984" class="citation cs2">Carpenter, Humphrey; Prichard, Mari (1984), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00carp"><i>The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature</i></a>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211582-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211582-9"><bdi>978-0-19-211582-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Children%27s+Literature&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-19-211582-9&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Humphrey&rft.au=Prichard%2C+Mari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont00carp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin2009" class="citation cs2">Darwin, Charles (2009) [1842], <i>The Structure and Formation of Coral Reefs</i>, MobileReference, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60501-648-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60501-648-1"><bdi>978-1-60501-648-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Structure+and+Formation+of+Coral+Reefs&rft.pub=MobileReference&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-60501-648-1&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmond1997" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Rod_Edmond" title="Rod Edmond">Edmond, Rod</a> (1997), <i>Representing the South Pacific: Colonial Discourse from Cook to Gauguin</i>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55054-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55054-3"><bdi>978-0-521-55054-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Representing+the+South+Pacific%3A+Colonial+Discourse+from+Cook+to+Gauguin&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-55054-3&rft.aulast=Edmond&rft.aufirst=Rod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelsteinMcCleery2012" class="citation cs2">Finkelstein, David; McCleery, Alistair (2012), <i>An Introduction to Book History</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-51591-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-51591-0"><bdi>978-1-136-51591-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Book+History&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-136-51591-0&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=McCleery%2C+Alistair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlowerLangley-Levy_Moore2002" class="citation cs2">Flower, Margaret; Langley-Levy Moore, Doris (2002), <i>Victorian Jewellery</i>, Courier Dove, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-42230-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-42230-5"><bdi>978-0-486-42230-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victorian+Jewellery&rft.pub=Courier+Dove&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-486-42230-5&rft.aulast=Flower&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.au=Langley-Levy+Moore%2C+Doris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKermode1962" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Kermode" title="Frank Kermode">Kermode, Frank</a> (1962), "William Golding", <i>Puzzles and Epiphanies: Essays and Reviews 1958–1961</i>, Routledge and Kegan Paul, pp. 198–213</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=William+Golding&rft.btitle=Puzzles+and+Epiphanies%3A+Essays+and+Reviews+1958%E2%80%931961&rft.pages=198-213&rft.pub=Routledge+and+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Kermode&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kermode, Frank, and William Golding, "The Meaning of It All," broadcast on the BBC Third Programme on August 28, 1959, transcribed in <i>William Golding's Lord of the Flies: Casebook Edition: Text, Notes & Criticism</i> edited by James R. Baker & Arthur P. Ziegler Jr. (New York: Perigree Books/G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1983), pp. 197-201.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKundu2006" class="citation cs2">Kundu, Rama (2006), <i>New Perspectives on British Authors: From William Shakespeare to Graham Greene</i>, Sarup & Sons, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-690-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-690-2"><bdi>978-81-7625-690-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives+on+British+Authors%3A+From+William+Shakespeare+to+Graham+Greene&rft.pub=Sarup+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-7625-690-2&rft.aulast=Kundu&rft.aufirst=Rama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKutzer2000" class="citation cs2">Kutzer, M. Daphne (2000), <i>Empire's Children: Empire and Imperialism in Classic British Children's Books</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-3491-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-3491-0"><bdi>978-0-8153-3491-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire%27s+Children%3A+Empire+and+Imperialism+in+Classic+British+Children%27s+Books&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-3491-0&rft.aulast=Kutzer&rft.aufirst=M.+Daphne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessingOusby1993" class="citation cs2">Lessing, Doris; Ousby, Ian (1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto00iano_0"><i>The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English</i></a> (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44086-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44086-8"><bdi>978-0-521-44086-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Guide+to+Literature+in+English&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-44086-8&rft.aulast=Lessing&rft.aufirst=Doris&rft.au=Ousby%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgeguideto00iano_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKenzie1989" class="citation cs2">MacKenzie, John M. (1989), "Hunting and the Natural World in Juvenile Literature", in Richards, Jeffrey (ed.), <i>Imperialism and Juvenile Literature</i>, Manchester University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-2420-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-2420-7"><bdi>978-0-7190-2420-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hunting+and+the+Natural+World+in+Juvenile+Literature&rft.btitle=Imperialism+and+Juvenile+Literature&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-2420-7&rft.aulast=MacKenzie&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathison2008" class="citation cs2">Mathison, Ymitr (2008), "Maps, Pirates, and Treasure: The Commodification of Imperialism in Nineteenth-Century Boys' Adventure Fiction", in <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Denisoff" title="Dennis Denisoff">Denisoff, Dennis</a> (ed.), <i>The Nineteenth-Century Child and the Rise of Consumer Culture</i>, Ashgate, pp. 173–188, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6156-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-6156-6"><bdi>978-0-7546-6156-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maps%2C+Pirates%2C+and+Treasure%3A+The+Commodification+of+Imperialism+in+Nineteenth-Century+Boys%27+Adventure+Fiction&rft.btitle=The+Nineteenth-Century+Child+and+the+Rise+of+Consumer+Culture&rft.pages=173-188&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-6156-6&rft.aulast=Mathison&rft.aufirst=Ymitr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrnstein2012" class="citation cs2">Ornstein, Allan C. (2012), <i>Foundations of Education</i> (12th ed.), Cengage, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-133-58985-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-133-58985-3"><bdi>978-1-133-58985-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+Education&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Cengage&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-133-58985-3&rft.aulast=Ornstein&rft.aufirst=Allan+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullivan2010" class="citation cs2">O'Sullivan, Emer (2010), <i>Historical Dictionary of Children's Literature</i>, Scarecrow Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7496-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7496-1"><bdi>978-0-8108-7496-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Children%27s+Literature&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7496-1&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Emer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1996" class="citation cs2">Phillips, Richard (1996), <i>Mapping Men & Empire: A Geography of Adventure</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13772-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13772-0"><bdi>978-0-415-13772-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mapping+Men+%26+Empire%3A+A+Geography+of+Adventure&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-415-13772-0&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2007" class="citation cs2">Potter, Jane (2007), "Children's Books", in Finkelstein, David; McCleery, Alistair (eds.), <i>The Edinburgh History of the Book in Scotland: Professionalism and Diversity 1880–2000</i>, vol. 4, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 352–367, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1829-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1829-3"><bdi>978-0-7486-1829-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Children%27s+Books&rft.btitle=The+Edinburgh+History+of+the+Book+in+Scotland%3A+Professionalism+and+Diversity+1880%E2%80%932000&rft.pages=352-367&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-1829-3&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReiff2010" class="citation cs2">Reiff, Raychel Haugrud (2010), <i>William Golding: Lord of the Flies</i>, Marshall Cavendish, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-4700-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-4700-9"><bdi>978-0-7614-4700-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Golding%3A+Lord+of+the+Flies&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-4700-9&rft.aulast=Reiff&rft.aufirst=Raychel+Haugrud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSammons2004" class="citation cs2">Sammons, Jeffrey L. (2004), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/friedrichspielha0000samm"><i>Friedrich Spielhagen</i></a></span>, Verlag Max Niemeyer, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-484-32117-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-484-32117-5"><bdi>978-3-484-32117-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Friedrich+Spielhagen&rft.pub=Verlag+Max+Niemeyer&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-484-32117-5&rft.aulast=Sammons&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffriedrichspielha0000samm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShort2002" class="citation cs2">Short, John Rennie (2002), <i>Imagined Country: Society, Culture, and Environment</i>, Syracuse University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2954-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2954-2"><bdi>978-0-8156-2954-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imagined+Country%3A+Society%2C+Culture%2C+and+Environment&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-2954-2&rft.aulast=Short&rft.aufirst=John+Rennie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend1974" class="citation cs2">Townsend, John Rowe (1974), "1840–1915: Nineteenth-Century Adventures", <i>Written for Children: An Outline of English Language Children's Literature</i>, Viking Children's Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7226-5466-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7226-5466-8"><bdi>978-0-7226-5466-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1840%E2%80%931915%3A+Nineteenth-Century+Adventures&rft.btitle=Written+for+Children%3A+An+Outline+of+English+Language+Children%27s+Literature&rft.pub=Viking+Children%27s+Books&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-7226-5466-8&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=John+Rowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker1990" class="citation cs2">Tucker, Nicholas (1990), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/childbookpsychol0000tuck_a9y3"><i>The Child and the Book: A Psychological and Literary Exploration</i></a></span>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39835-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39835-0"><bdi>978-0-521-39835-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Child+and+the+Book%3A+A+Psychological+and+Literary+Exploration&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-521-39835-0&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchildbookpsychol0000tuck_a9y3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2007" class="citation cs2">Ward, Simon (2007), "The Economics of Authorship", in Finkelstein, David; McCleery, Alistair (eds.), <i>The Edinburgh History of the Book in Scotland: Professionalism and Diversity 1880–2000</i>, vol. 4, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 409–430, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1829-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-1829-3"><bdi>978-0-7486-1829-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Economics+of+Authorship&rft.btitle=The+Edinburgh+History+of+the+Book+in+Scotland%3A+Professionalism+and+Diversity+1880%E2%80%932000&rft.pages=409-430&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-1829-3&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Coral+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External 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Ballantyne</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Coral Island</a></i> (1857)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gorilla_Hunters" title="The Gorilla Hunters">The Gorilla Hunters</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Island_Queen_(novel)" title="The Island Queen (novel)">The Island Queen</a></i> (1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_City:_An_Algerine_Tale" title="The Pirate City: An Algerine Tale">The Pirate City: An Algerine Tale</a></i> (1874)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eagle_Cliff" title="The Eagle Cliff">The Eagle Cliff</a></i> (1889)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&oldid=1258797611">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Coral_Island&oldid=1258797611</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1857_British_novels" title="Category:1857 British novels">1857 British novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_adventure_novels" title="Category:British adventure novels">British adventure novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fictional_islands" title="Category:Fictional islands">Fictional islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish_novels" title="Category:Scottish novels">Scottish novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_about_pirates" title="Category:Novels about pirates">Novels about pirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_novels_adapted_into_television_shows" title="Category:British novels adapted into television shows">British novels adapted into television shows</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_set_in_Oceania" title="Category:Novels set in Oceania">Novels set in Oceania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_castaways" title="Category:Fiction about castaways">Fiction about castaways</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_set_on_uninhabited_islands" title="Category:Novels set on uninhabited islands">Novels set on uninhabited islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_by_R._M._Ballantyne" title="Category:Novels by R. 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Ballantyne\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 46,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Spoken Wikipedia\"] = 1,\n [\"StandardEbooks\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-b49cm","timestamp":"20241124055912","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"The Coral Island","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Coral_Island","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4232653","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4232653","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-01-24T04:13:30Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T18:07:52Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/50\/Coral_Island_1893.jpg","headline":"adventure novel by R. 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