CINXE.COM

Overview of the MSD Manuals - MSD Manual Consumer Version

<!DOCTYPE html><html dir="ltr" lang="en"><head><script id="gtm-placeholder"></script><link rel="icon" href="/home/_next/static/media/favicon.f7343459.ico"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, height=device-height, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=5, user-scalable=1"/><link href="https://cdn.cookielaw.org" rel="preconnect"/><link href="https://geolocation.onetrust.com" rel="preconnect"/><link href="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" rel="preload" as="script"/><script defer="" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-domain-script="7a4eae6f-1f57-4f7c-8a64-5aa159ee745e"></script><script id="one-trust">function OptanonWrapper() { }</script><link rel="preload" href="/Fonts/OpenSans/OpenSans-700-Bold.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" href="/Fonts/OpenSans/OpenSans-700-Bold-Italic.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" href="/Fonts/OpenSans/OpenSans-400-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" href="/Fonts/OpenSans/OpenSans-400-Regular-Italic.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" href="/Fonts/OpenSans/OpenSans-300-Light.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" href="/Fonts/OpenSans/OpenSans-600-SemiBold.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" href="/Fonts/OpenSans/OpenSans-600-SemiBold-Italic.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" as="image" imageSrcSet="/home/_next/static/media/home-icon.2ae865eb.svg 1x, /home/_next/static/media/home-icon.2ae865eb.svg 2x"/><link rel="preload" as="image" imageSrcSet="/home/_next/static/media/icon_search_white.ab0fbaf1.svg 1x, /home/_next/static/media/icon_search_white.ab0fbaf1.svg 2x"/><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/><meta lang="en"/><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en"/><meta name="description" content=""/><meta itemProp="name" content="Overview of the MSD Manuals - MSD Manual Consumer Version"/><meta name="edition" content="Consumer"/><meta itemProp="image" content="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/seo/default_share_msd.jpg"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Overview of the MSD Manuals - MSD Manual Consumer Version"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:description" content=""/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/seo/default_share_msd.jpg"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="MSD Manual Consumer Version"/><meta property="og:title" content="Overview of the MSD Manuals - MSD Manual Consumer Version"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/seo/default_share_msd.jpg"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="630"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@MSDManualHome"/><title>Overview of the MSD Manuals - MSD Manual Consumer Version</title><script type="text/javascript">/* MManual.Foundation.Context.Item.SitecoreId = ba8e5f29-7ce6-4eea-bf60-20cff269803a MManual.Foundation.Context.Item.MediaId = MManual.Foundation.Context.Item.VasontId = MManual.Foundation.Context.Item.TemplateId = 33f1d23-e6de-4b9a-927d-ed55d00d4d3 */</script><link href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" rel="preconnect" as="script"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="x-default" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="ar" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/ar/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="de" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/de/heim/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="en" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="en-CA" href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="en-US" href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="en-PR" href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="es" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/resourcespages/acerca-de-los-manuales-msd"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="es-US" href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/resourcespages/acerca-de-los-manuales-msd"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="es-PR" href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/resourcespages/acerca-de-los-manuales-msd"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="fr" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/fr/accueil/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="fr-CA" href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/fr-ca/accueil/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="hi" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/hi/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="it" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/it/casa/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="ja-JP" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/ja-jp/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="ko" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/ko/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="pt" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/pt/casa/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="ru" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/ru/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="sw" href="https://www.msdmanuals.com/sw/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="zh" href="https://www.msdmanuals.cn/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"/><meta name="next-head-count" content="63"/><link rel="preload" href="/home/_next/static/css/bef223db8660a764.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/_next/static/css/bef223db8660a764.css" data-n-g=""/><link rel="preload" href="/home/_next/static/css/7f47c42a40cf8ce8.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/_next/static/css/7f47c42a40cf8ce8.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/home/_next/static/css/e8ddf2ff3d5f9c49.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/_next/static/css/e8ddf2ff3d5f9c49.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/home/_next/static/css/9761a2b947c71d20.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/_next/static/css/9761a2b947c71d20.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/home/_next/static/css/c329eecef2f4e72e.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/_next/static/css/c329eecef2f4e72e.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/home/_next/static/css/cb27d6a6d21583b3.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/_next/static/css/cb27d6a6d21583b3.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/home/_next/static/css/9a2a2a83b468c766.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/_next/static/css/9a2a2a83b468c766.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/home/_next/static/css/7c69dac38804f5bd.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/_next/static/css/7c69dac38804f5bd.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/home/_next/static/css/e064fd19a6691fc8.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/_next/static/css/e064fd19a6691fc8.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/home/_next/static/css/8380eafaa7b9834d.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/_next/static/css/8380eafaa7b9834d.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/home/_next/static/css/0feb7e3119b50b88.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/home/_next/static/css/0feb7e3119b50b88.css" data-n-p=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" nomodule="" src="/home/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-c67a75d1b6f99dc8.js"></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/webpack-96f8ec3b50bbec13.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/framework-67b80232d4e18f31.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/main-f486f8e8d399bd49.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-494eda4cfe15c79e.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/stickyRightToolbar-183ac6ebe398e017.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/ResourceListBundle-7dde6e69be0fc51d.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/ExternalResourceListBundle-629cf2e5a639dbaa.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/LayoutBundle-b5c984057cd307c4.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/StandaloneBundle-a39f09fe0fea7fbb.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/languageSwitcher-19fcb84d0bf18b63.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/bootstrap-9314c97223051a4c.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/topicLinkBundle-24b1574c569db27a.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/sitecorejss-dc53e364fc9a6a22.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/colorConvert-77d64a08acd7d12c.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/SeoBundle-f005cc5152fc1d1c.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/popperjs-cc694188f22355e0.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/sitecorejssnextjs-86c966f24b3df1a4.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/CanonicalBundle-674177d9b6a0f16f.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/axios-76e6c50fe528f674.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/objectInspect-c87082aa2bff0501.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/TextToSpeech-da4786adcfab596c.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/reactautocomplete-24bdc5b7b5302522.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/searchStaxServiceBundle-01837d35124f1ad5.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/FilterBundle-7dd69d259a181386.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/SectionBundle-24208ad8346d0347.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/FeaturedMedia-cb81c6049fefc21a.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/067cdb3c-7b198cd2b03d8a66.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/1263-5b1b943599a9db33.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/5942-18e1e4934c3f1388.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/399-5bffc61fdfdeaab4.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/4213-5ce1b9388f097b5e.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/chunks/pages/%5Bsite%5D/resourcespages/%5B...path%5D-34256eaaa6001c15.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/0VPv3WN8h5c7DScvUUIWt/_buildManifest.js" defer=""></script><script src="/home/_next/static/0VPv3WN8h5c7DScvUUIWt/_ssgManifest.js" defer=""></script></head><body><a rel="nofollow" style="display:none" aria-hidden="true" href="/n3wbr@nds">honeypot link</a><div id="__next"><div class="consumer font-size-1 light false"><div class="headerHat headerHatBackgroundLight "></div><div class=" layoutContainer false"><header><div dir="ltr" id="topHeader" class=" Header_header__5x_ys undefined headerbackground false header1 false false "><div id="hideOnScroll" class="Header_topHeader__fHIIn container-fluid false"><div class="Header_skipToMainContentContainer__miRvo"><a tabindex="0" class=" SkipToMainContent_skipToContentContainer__1ryB1 SkipToMainContent_toggleOverlayLtr___MqbC false " href="#mainContainer" data-testid="SkipToMainContent"><span data-testid="SkipToMainContentText" class="SkipToMainContent_skipToMainContent__GBRhF">skip to main content</span></a></div><div class="Header_content__M3BtN Header_header__5x_ys false "><div class="Header_editionSwitcher__dNt96"><div dir="ltr" class="EditionSwitcher_editionSwticher__Rpz8K" data-testid="editionText" role="button"><div tabindex="-1" role="group" class="btn-group"><input class="btn-check" name="radio" type="radio" autoComplete="off" id="radio-0" value="1"/><label tabindex="0" data-id="[object Object]" data-testid="prof" for="radio-0" class="EditionSwitcher_toggleStyle__LhKkV EditionSwitcher_profButton__ioV1h false false false btn btn-light">Professional</label><input class="btn-check" name="radio" type="radio" autoComplete="off" id="radio-1" checked="" value="2"/><label tabindex="0" data-id="[object Object]" data-testid="home" for="radio-1" class="EditionSwitcher_toggleStyle__LhKkV false EditionSwitcher_homeButton__kBnKn false EditionSwitcher_homeButtonActive__MFx3T btn btn-light">Consumer</label></div><span class="EditionSwitcher_visuallyHidden__CEXey" aria-live="polite"></span></div></div><div class="Header_mainSearch__DWB07"><div dir="ltr" class="MainSearch_mainSearch__78d49 undefined MainSearch_fontSize1__ONPWo MainSearch_lightTheme__OYpUw " data-testid="mainsearch"><div class="MainSearch_mainSearchAutocom__32NeF undefined MainSearch_noSuggestionOverlay__v3DDo "><div style="display:inline-block"><input placeholder="Search" role="combobox" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-expanded="false" autoComplete="off" value=""/></div><button type="button" aria-label="Search" data-testid="search-btn" class="MainSearch_search__N1Xe2 btn btn-light"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2721%27%20height=%2721%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Search" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Search" srcSet="/home/_next/static/media/icon_search_black.3a2bfc46.png 1x, /home/_next/static/media/icon_search_black.3a2bfc46.png 2x" src="/home/_next/static/media/icon_search_black.3a2bfc46.png" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></button></div></div></div><div class="Header_selectorContainer__hZCvn"><div dir="ltr" data-testid="settings" class=" Settings_settingsContainer__V0R_P Settings_consumerLight__MnxQG undefined false"><button class="Settings_settingsBtn__U4f7S Settings_topheaderSettingsBtn__4Q2wT false" data-testid="settings-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Settings"><div class="Settings_headerSettingsIcon__FdaCk false"></div></button><span class="Settings_hiddenImage__arexe"></span></div><div class="LanguageSwitcher_langswitcher__ogDFX" data-testid="LanguageSwitcher" id="langswitcher"><div class="LanguageSwitcher_langswitcherDropdown__bf87u" id="langswitcherDropdown" tabindex="0" role="combobox" aria-controls="stickydropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="stickydropdown" aria-label=" Select Language"><div class="LanguageSwitcher_dropdownHeader__9L8e5" id="stickylanguage"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%270%27%20height=%270%27/%3e"/></span><img id="langswitcher-image" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img id="langswitcher-image" aria-hidden="true" srcSet="/_next/image?url=&amp;w=16&amp;q=75 1x" src="/_next/image?url=&amp;w=16&amp;q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span><div aria-hidden="true" class="LanguageSwitcher_selectedLanguage__oQbv9"></div><div dir="ltr" class="LanguageSwitcher_arrowDown__OQQ22" id="stickyarrow"></div></div></div></div><ul dir="ltr" class="SocialShare_socialIconsContainer__G51Ko false" data-testid="socialshare"><li><div class="SocialShare_socialShare__9I4bx" data-testid="socialshare-list0"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/MSDManual" title="View Our Facebook Page" target="_blank" data-testid="socialshare-link0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" aria-label="View Our Facebook Page" role="link"><img alt="follow us on facebook" width="40" height="40" loading="lazy" title="View Our Facebook Page" aria-hidden="true" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/social-share/facebook.svg?h=40&amp;iar=0&amp;w=40"/></a></div></li><li><div class="SocialShare_socialShare__9I4bx" data-testid="socialshare-list1"><a href="https://twitter.com/MSDManualPro" title="View Our Twitter Page" target="_blank" data-testid="socialshare-link1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" aria-label="View Our Twitter Page" role="link"><img alt="follow us on Twitter" width="40" height="40" loading="lazy" title="View Our Twitter Page" aria-hidden="true" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/social-share/social_round_twitter.svg?h=40&amp;iar=0&amp;w=40"/></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></header><header dir="ltr" id="bottomHeader" class=" Header_header__5x_ys undefined Header_headerBottom__KIW8K headerbackground false header1 false false "><div class="Header_bottomHeader__cxcbn container-fluid container-padding false false"><div dir="ltr" class=" Logo_headerLogo__5TL4e undefined false false"><a href="/home"><span class="Logo_headerLogo__descriptionLogoWrapper__Scd6N"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2752%27%20height=%2752%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="MSD" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="MSD" srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/brand-logos/mm_logo.svg?h=52&amp;iar=0&amp;w=52&amp;mw=64 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/brand-logos/mm_logo.svg?h=52&amp;iar=0&amp;w=52&amp;mw=128 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/brand-logos/mm_logo.svg?h=52&amp;iar=0&amp;w=52&amp;mw=128" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></span><span class="Logo_headerLogo__descriptionText__mbhQ_"><span class="Logo_headerLogo__descriptionCompany__l_kk7">MSD Manual</span><span class="Logo_headerLogo__descriptionVersion__iHdbH false">Consumer Version</span></span></a></div><div dir="ltr" class=" container Navigation_navigation__JZWDx false false" data-testid="navigation"><div><nav dir="ltr" data-testid="hamburgerMenu" class="HamburgerNavigation_hamburger__p2TcM false navbar navbar-expand-xxs navbar-light"><div class="HamburgerNavigation_toggleContainer__FgLgJ container"><button type="button" aria-label="Toggle navigation" class="navbar-toggler collapsed"><span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span></button></div></nav></div><div><nav id="navBar" class="Navigation_navigationBar__zIC4y Navigation_hideNavBar__WbmJC navbar navbar-expand navbar-light"><div class="Navigation_navigationContainer__9wPbA container"><div class="Navigation_navigationList__SCoXD navbar-nav"><a id="96abe6f8-9439-463c-8d57-e2c6330d63e1" href="/home" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/home" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false Navigation_homeIconSize__F2d8y nav-link"><span dir="ltr" class="Navigation_homeIcon__XXCrB"></span></a><a id="72244b4c-8d05-433e-8f45-33cff0dbba10" href="/home/health-topics" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/home/health-topics" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">HEALTH TOPICS</a><a id="507c6151-38d8-4c72-8c32-b3373a627015" href="/home/healthy-living" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/home/healthy-living" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">HEALTHY LIVING</a><a id="48643b21-6778-432a-9ced-9d10696dbebb" href="/home/symptoms" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/home/symptoms" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">SYMPTOMS</a><a id="e1ae58d6-f757-4fae-8cea-5e75f2bab0b8" href="/home/first-aid" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/home/first-aid" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">EMERGENCIES</a><a id="9b8a0c92-9cd6-421d-be69-177bf27d7b18" href="/home/resource" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/home/resource" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">RESOURCES</a><a id="2e7c94cf-9b85-4b86-9d5a-ac25161090bb" href="/home/pages-with-widgets/news-list" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/home/pages-with-widgets/news-list" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">COMMENTARY</a><a id="7e54c8ef-08c0-4158-a966-f3fa1f52578f" href="/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">ABOUT US</a></div></div></nav><nav class="Navigation_navigationBar__zIC4y false navbar navbar-expand navbar-light"><div id="navbar-item" class="Navigation_navigationContainer__9wPbA container"><div class="Navigation_navigationList__SCoXD navbar-nav"><a href="/home" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/home" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false Navigation_homeIconSize__F2d8y nav-link"><span dir="ltr" class=" Navigation_homeIcon__XXCrB Navigation_homeIcon__XXCrB "><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2720%27%20height=%2720%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="home" srcSet="/home/_next/static/media/home-icon.2ae865eb.svg 1x, /home/_next/static/media/home-icon.2ae865eb.svg 2x" src="/home/_next/static/media/home-icon.2ae865eb.svg" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/></span></span></a><a href="/home/health-topics" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/home/health-topics" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">HEALTH TOPICS</a><a href="/home/healthy-living" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/home/healthy-living" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">HEALTHY LIVING</a><div dir="ltr" class="Navigation_navigationDropdown__UnDU_ nav-item dropdown"><a id="navigation-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" role="button" class="dropdown-toggle nav-link" tabindex="0" href="#"> </a></div></div></div></nav></div></div><div class="Header_bottomRightHeader__JVT6Q"><div><div tabindex="0" dir="ltr" aria-label="Search Pop-out" class="Search_headerSearchIcon__TN4QW false false" role="button"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2721%27%20height=%2721%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Search icon" srcSet="/home/_next/static/media/icon_search_white.ab0fbaf1.svg 1x, /home/_next/static/media/icon_search_white.ab0fbaf1.svg 2x" src="/home/_next/static/media/icon_search_white.ab0fbaf1.svg" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/></span></div></div></div></div></header><div class="container-fluid breadcrumb"><nav class="false false " aria-label="breadcrumb"><div class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbContainer__6G8Wi" data-testid="breadcrumb"><ol class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbList__lRPWT" data-testid="breadcrumb-listWrap"><li class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbListItem__aXJ77" data-testid="breadcrumb-navList0"><a class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbItemLink__zZn2u" href="/home" data-testid="breadcrumb-navLink0">Home</a><span class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbItemSeparator__DtBgK">/</span></li><li class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbListItem__aXJ77" data-testid="breadcrumb-navList1"><a class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbItemLink__zZn2u" href="/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals" data-testid="breadcrumb-navLink1" aria-current="page">About the MSD Manuals</a><span class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbItemSeparator__DtBgK">/</span></li></ol></div></nav></div><div class=" StickyRightToolbar_righttoolbarContainer__Q2Nw8 StickyRightToolbar_ltr__KPR49" data-testid="righttoolbar"><div class="StickyRightToolbar_righttoolbarContent__pWj_e"><aside class="StickyRightToolbar_righttoolbarAside__zmP0T"><ul><li><div dir="ltr" data-testid="settings" class=" Settings_settingsContainer__V0R_P Settings_consumerLight__MnxQG Settings_stickysidebarSettings__PlM6I false"><button class="Settings_settingsBtn__U4f7S false false" data-testid="settings-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Settings"><div class="Settings_settingsIcon__2Xfes"></div></button><span class="Settings_hiddenImage__arexe"></span></div></li></ul></aside></div></div><main class="container-fluid mainContainerLarge " dir="ltr" id="mainContainer"><div class="MainContainer_placeholderContainer__3Z_ep"><div class="Banner_banner___WxOQ Banner_fontSize1__Znr70"><div class="Banner_bannerImage__Sm7Q7 false false false false Banner_aboutus__9uDa_"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="alt text goes here" data-testid="aboutImg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="alt text goes here" data-testid="aboutImg" sizes="100vw" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fgmk-timeline-2021%2Ftimelinemsd_en_v2.png%3Fh%3D348%26iar%3D0%26w%3D1200&amp;w=480&amp;q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fgmk-timeline-2021%2Ftimelinemsd_en_v2.png%3Fh%3D348%26iar%3D0%26w%3D1200&amp;w=640&amp;q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fgmk-timeline-2021%2Ftimelinemsd_en_v2.png%3Fh%3D348%26iar%3D0%26w%3D1200&amp;w=750&amp;q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fgmk-timeline-2021%2Ftimelinemsd_en_v2.png%3Fh%3D348%26iar%3D0%26w%3D1200&amp;w=828&amp;q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fgmk-timeline-2021%2Ftimelinemsd_en_v2.png%3Fh%3D348%26iar%3D0%26w%3D1200&amp;w=1080&amp;q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fgmk-timeline-2021%2Ftimelinemsd_en_v2.png%3Fh%3D348%26iar%3D0%26w%3D1200&amp;w=1200&amp;q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fgmk-timeline-2021%2Ftimelinemsd_en_v2.png%3Fh%3D348%26iar%3D0%26w%3D1200&amp;w=1920&amp;q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fgmk-timeline-2021%2Ftimelinemsd_en_v2.png%3Fh%3D348%26iar%3D0%26w%3D1200&amp;w=2048&amp;q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fgmk-timeline-2021%2Ftimelinemsd_en_v2.png%3Fh%3D348%26iar%3D0%26w%3D1200&amp;w=3840&amp;q=75 3840w" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fgmk-timeline-2021%2Ftimelinemsd_en_v2.png%3Fh%3D348%26iar%3D0%26w%3D1200&amp;w=3840&amp;q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="Banner_bannerData__9sg0q"></div><!--$!--><template data-dgst="DYNAMIC_SERVER_USAGE"></template><!--/$--></div><div class=" RightpanelContainer_rightsidecontainer__pKsc_ false"><div class="RightpanelContainer_leftcolumn__i8uEO false"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopics__zfsnX LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLightTheme__kjiAN undefined "><h4 data-testid="list-header" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsHeader__PB_VV LeftNavigation_otherTopicsHeaderLight__EcXWb">ABOUT US</h4><ul class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsContent__eoraU" data-testid="leftNavigation-list"><li data-testid="list0" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">Overview of the MSD Manuals</div></a></li><li data-testid="list1" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/resourcespages/history"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">History of the MSD Manuals</div></a></li><li data-testid="list2" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/resourcespages/global-medical-knowledge"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">Global Medical Knowledge</div></a></li><li data-testid="list3" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/resourcespages/the-manuals-staff"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">The Manuals Staff</div></a></li><li data-testid="list4" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/resourcespages/editorial-board-and-reviewers"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">Editorial Board and Reviewers</div></a></li><li data-testid="list5" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/authors"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">Authors</div></a></li><li data-testid="list6" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/resourcespages/content-providers"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">Content Providers</div></a></li><li data-testid="list7" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/resourcespages/mobileapps"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">Mobile Apps</div></a></li><li data-testid="list8" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/content/permissions"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">Permissions</div></a></li><li data-testid="list9" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/content/partnerships"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">Partnerships</div></a></li><li data-testid="list10" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/resourcespages/social-media"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">Social Media</div></a></li><li data-testid="list11" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/resourcespages/faqs"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</div></a></li><li data-testid="list12" class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsListItem__vF9Uq"><a class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLink__RQzD_" data-testid="leftNavigation-link" aria-current="false" role="link" href="/home/content/contact-us"><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImage__2mbYu false"><span class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrow__N6VLR LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkImageArrowGrey__kexzP "></span></div><div class="LeftNavigation_otherTopicsLinkText__4SlYW ">Contact Us</div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="RightpanelContainer_rightcolumn__i2_I5"><div class=" font-size-1 themeLight consumer"><div class="about"><div class="article false false"><h1 class="title">Overview of the MSD Manuals</h1><p class="lastModified">Content last modified<!-- --> <!-- -->Aug 2023</p></div></div></div><div class=" TwoColumnContainer_twoColumnContainer__naqJB false false false false TwoColumnContainer_aboutUsTwoColumnContainer__xocuj"><div class="TwoColumnContainer_twoColumnLeftContainer___qdim"><div data-testid="GenericContent" class=" GenericContent_genericLayout__O54PT genericContent GenericContent_aboutTheManualGenericLayout__IJ4k7 false GenericContent_fontSize1__XzSL1 false GenericContent_aboutuspadding__0ADyi false "><div class="GenericContent_genericContentMain__kkcdB false"><section class="false false false false"><p class="about__resource__data">that The Manuals&rsquo; Mission Statement is truthful and that our mission is solely to be an educational resource. The Manual does not require user registration and thus does not gather users&rsquo; personal data; we do not contact <em>you</em>, but there is a &ldquo;contact us&rdquo; link in the footer of every page.</p> <section class="about__resources"> <h3 class="about__resources--title">Resources:</h3> <ol class="about__resources--list"> <li class="about__resources--item"><a href="https://www.nnlm.gov/guides/health-misinformation-resources" class="about__resources--link" target="_blank">National Network of Libraries of Medicine</a></li> <li class="about__resources--item"><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthywebsurfing.html" class="about__resources--link" target="_blank">National Library of Medicine, MedlinePlus</a></li> <li class="about__resources--item"><a href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/finding-and-evaluating-online-resources" class="about__resources--link" target="_blank">National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</a></li> <li class="about__resources--item"><a href="http://www.mlanet.org/resources/userguide.html" class="about__resources--link" target="_blank">Medical Library Association</a></li> </ol> </section></section></div></div></div><div class="TwoColumnContainer_twoColumnRightContainer__lJdo2"><div class="InfographicShared_infographicsWrap__PID_u false "><div class="InfographicShared_infographicsAbout__e1FMb" data-testid="Infographic Component"><div class="InfographicShared_image__jKbXV"><button class="InfographicShared_imgButton__XALi5 false " aria-label="Expand the Infographics" aria-expanded="false"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27909%27%20height=%27703%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Stands" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Stands" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Finfographics%2Fstands-msd.jpg%3Fh%3D703%26iar%3D0%26w%3D909&amp;w=1080&amp;q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Finfographics%2Fstands-msd.jpg%3Fh%3D703%26iar%3D0%26w%3D909&amp;w=1920&amp;q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Finfographics%2Fstands-msd.jpg%3Fh%3D703%26iar%3D0%26w%3D909&amp;w=1920&amp;q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></button></div><div class="InfographicShared_icon__s1VO6" data-testid="setShow"> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><noscript id="gtn"><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5MKXR9" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><div data-testid="LanguageSelectorPopup"></div><div data-testid="hellobar"></div></main><footer dir="ltr" class="footerBackground footer false false"><div class="container-fluid false"><section class="Footer_footerContainer__rUw_P Footer_ThemeLight__ttYkD false false" data-testid="footer"><div class="Footer_footerTop__zo0xW false"><div class="Footer_footerTopLogo__FNxGv false"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27189%27%20height=%2771%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="MSD" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="MSD" srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/brand-logos/msd_foot_logo.png?h=71&amp;iar=0&amp;w=189&amp;mw=256 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/brand-logos/msd_foot_logo.png?h=71&amp;iar=0&amp;w=189&amp;mw=384 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/brand-logos/msd_foot_logo.png?h=71&amp;iar=0&amp;w=189&amp;mw=384" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="Footer_footerTopText__24ojc"><div class="Footer_footerHeading__1hsHg"></div><div class="Footer_footerdesc__E1E05"></div></div></div><div class="Footer_footerBottom__fqHys false false"><div class="Footer_footerNavLinks__EnefT false"><ul class="Footer_footerNavList__iuQJF" data-testid="footer-navList" aria-label="content Info landmark"><li class="" data-testid="footer-navList0"><a href="/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals" class="Footer_footerLinkWrap__4t7Cm " role="link">About</a></li><li class="" data-testid="footer-navList1"><a href="/home/resourcespages/disclaimer" class="Footer_footerLinkWrap__4t7Cm " role="link">Disclaimer</a></li><li class="" data-testid="footer-navList2"><a href="/home/content/permissions" class="Footer_footerLinkWrap__4t7Cm " role="link">Permissions</a></li><li class="" data-testid="footer-navList3"><a href="https://www.msdprivacy.com/" class="Footer_footerLinkWrap__4t7Cm " role="link">Privacy</a></li><li class="" data-testid="footer-navList4"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="Footer_footerLinkWrap__4t7Cm ot-sdk-show-settings footer__footnav--link" role="button">Cookie Preferences</a></li><li class="" data-testid="footer-navList5"><a href="/home/content/termsofuse" class="Footer_footerLinkWrap__4t7Cm " role="link">Terms of use</a></li><li class="" data-testid="footer-navList6"><a href="/home/content/partnerships" class="Footer_footerLinkWrap__4t7Cm " role="link">Licensing</a></li><li class="" data-testid="footer-navList7"><a href="/home/content/contact-us" class="Footer_footerLinkWrap__4t7Cm " role="link">Contact Us</a></li><li class="" data-testid="footer-navList8"><a href="/home/resourcespages/global-medical-knowledge" class="Footer_footerLinkWrap__4t7Cm " role="link">Global Medical Knowledge</a></li><li class="" data-testid="footer-navList9"><a href="https://www.msdvetmanual.com" class="Footer_footerLinkWrap__4t7Cm " role="link">Veterinary Manual</a></li><li class="" data-testid="footer-navList10"><a href="/home/resourcespages/mobileapps" class="Footer_footerLinkWrap__4t7Cm " role="link">Mobile App</a></li></ul></div><div class="Footer_footerBottomMobile__hAAb2"><div class="Footer_footerBottomMobileSocial__SFHDu"><ul dir="ltr" class="SocialShare_socialIconsContainer__G51Ko false" data-testid="socialshare"><li><div class="SocialShare_socialShare__9I4bx" data-testid="socialshare-list0"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/MSDManual" title="View Our Facebook Page" target="_blank" data-testid="socialshare-link0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" aria-label="View Our Facebook Page" role="link"><img alt="follow us on facebook" width="40" height="40" loading="lazy" title="View Our Facebook Page" aria-hidden="true" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/social-share/facebook.svg?h=40&amp;iar=0&amp;w=40"/></a></div></li><li><div class="SocialShare_socialShare__9I4bx" data-testid="socialshare-list1"><a href="https://twitter.com/MSDManualPro" title="View Our Twitter Page" target="_blank" data-testid="socialshare-link1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" aria-label="View Our Twitter Page" role="link"><img alt="follow us on Twitter" width="40" height="40" loading="lazy" title="View Our Twitter Page" aria-hidden="true" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/social-share/social_round_twitter.svg?h=40&amp;iar=0&amp;w=40"/></a></div></li></ul></div><div class="Footer_footerMobileAccessibilityImg__VXBmN false"><a aria-label="accesibilitylogo" href="https://www.essentialaccessibility.com/msdmanuals?utm_source=msdmanualshomepage&amp;utm_medium=iconlarge&amp;utm_term=eachannelpage&amp;utm_content=header&amp;utm_campaign=msdmanuals"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2775%27%20height=%2728%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="This icon serves as a link to download the eSSENTIAL Accessibility assistive technology app for individuals with physical disabilities. It is featured as part of our commitment to diversity and inclusion." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="This icon serves as a link to download the eSSENTIAL Accessibility assistive technology app for individuals with physical disabilities. It is featured as part of our commitment to diversity and inclusion." srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/footer/accessibility.png?h=28&amp;iar=0&amp;w=75&amp;mw=96 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/footer/accessibility.png?h=28&amp;iar=0&amp;w=75&amp;mw=256 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/footer/accessibility.png?h=28&amp;iar=0&amp;w=75&amp;mw=256" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></a></div></div><div class="Footer_footerImgCopyrightWrap__4kTt8 false"><div class="Footer_footerDesktopIconsWrap__MzxpU"><ul dir="ltr" class="SocialShare_socialIconsContainer__G51Ko false" data-testid="socialshare"><li><div class="SocialShare_socialShare__9I4bx" data-testid="socialshare-list0"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/MSDManual" title="View Our Facebook Page" target="_blank" data-testid="socialshare-link0" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" aria-label="View Our Facebook Page" role="link"><img alt="follow us on facebook" width="40" height="40" loading="lazy" title="View Our Facebook Page" aria-hidden="true" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/social-share/facebook.svg?h=40&amp;iar=0&amp;w=40"/></a></div></li><li><div class="SocialShare_socialShare__9I4bx" data-testid="socialshare-list1"><a href="https://twitter.com/MSDManualPro" title="View Our Twitter Page" target="_blank" data-testid="socialshare-link1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" aria-label="View Our Twitter Page" role="link"><img alt="follow us on Twitter" width="40" height="40" loading="lazy" title="View Our Twitter Page" aria-hidden="true" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/social-share/social_round_twitter.svg?h=40&amp;iar=0&amp;w=40"/></a></div></li></ul><div class="Footer_footerDesktopAccessibilityImg___718z false"><a aria-label="accesibilitylogo" href="https://www.essentialaccessibility.com/msdmanuals?utm_source=msdmanualshomepage&amp;utm_medium=iconlarge&amp;utm_term=eachannelpage&amp;utm_content=header&amp;utm_campaign=msdmanuals"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2775%27%20height=%2728%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="This icon serves as a link to download the eSSENTIAL Accessibility assistive technology app for individuals with physical disabilities. It is featured as part of our commitment to diversity and inclusion." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="This icon serves as a link to download the eSSENTIAL Accessibility assistive technology app for individuals with physical disabilities. It is featured as part of our commitment to diversity and inclusion." srcSet="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/footer/accessibility.png?h=28&amp;iar=0&amp;w=75&amp;mw=96 1x, https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/footer/accessibility.png?h=28&amp;iar=0&amp;w=75&amp;mw=256 2x" src="https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/footer/accessibility.png?h=28&amp;iar=0&amp;w=75&amp;mw=256" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></a></div></div><div class="Footer_copyrightWrap__h3XOb false false"><div class="Footer_printlogo__G54WT false"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2780%27%20height=%2730%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="MSD" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="MSD" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbrand-logos%2Fmsd_foot_logo.png%3Fh%3D71%26iar%3D0%26w%3D189&amp;w=96&amp;q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbrand-logos%2Fmsd_foot_logo.png%3Fh%3D71%26iar%3D0%26w%3D189&amp;w=256&amp;q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbrand-logos%2Fmsd_foot_logo.png%3Fh%3D71%26iar%3D0%26w%3D189&amp;w=256&amp;q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><p class="Footer_footerCopyright__sENEZ false"><span class="Footer_text__84Txh">Copyright</span><span class="Footer_yearText__QU_bk">© 2025</span><span>Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. All rights reserved.</span></p></div></div></div></section></div></footer></div></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"locale":"en","layoutData":{"sitecore":{"context":{"pageEditing":false,"site":{"name":"consumer"},"pageState":"normal","language":"en","itemPath":"/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"},"route":{"name":"About The Manuals","displayName":"About The Manuals","fields":{"pageTitle":{"value":"Overview of the MSD Manuals"},"MMEdition":{"value":"Home"},"BreadcrumbTitle":{"value":"About the MSD Manuals"},"Parents":[],"SwitchItem":{"value":{"href":"/professional/resourcespages/about-the-msd-manuals","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{82B4AD0E-6F90-4481-B258-78898244A799}"}},"UpdatedDate":{"value":"2024-10-03T11:18:43Z"},"SeoAlternateTitle":{"value":""},"SeoForSearchCrawl":{"value":""},"IsBreadcrumbSchema":{"value":false},"SeoDescription":{"value":""},"SeoNoIndex":{"value":false}},"databaseName":"master","deviceId":"fe5d7fdf-89c0-4d99-9aa3-b5fbd009c9f3","itemId":"ba8e5f29-7ce6-4eea-bf60-20cff269803a","itemLanguage":"en","itemVersion":1,"layoutId":"cdecb5e6-bf86-5c38-bfaa-75619c440dd5","templateId":"c33f1d23-e6de-4b9a-927d-ed55d00d4d35","templateName":"AboutPage","placeholders":{"jss-main":[{"uid":"903ce423-d427-4892-9c49-34edfe5af927","componentName":"MainContainer","dataSource":"{D1266B8A-507F-4113-9ECD-3F20F8AB8329}","fields":{"data":{"home":{"displayName":"home"},"professional":{"displayName":"professional"},"LanguageSettings":{"name":"Home","languages":[{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"en"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"sw"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"hi"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":""},"language":{"name":"uk"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"zh"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"en-US"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"fr"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"de"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"it"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":""},"language":{"name":"ja"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"ko"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"pt"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"ru"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"es"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":""},"language":{"name":"vi"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"ar"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":""},"language":{"name":"zh-CN"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"en-CA"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"fr-CA"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"ja-JP"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":""},"language":{"name":"ru-RU"}},{"name":"Home","HrefEnabled":{"value":"1"},"language":{"name":"es-US"}}],"DateFormat":{"value":"DD/MM/YY"},"DisableOneTrustCookie":{"value":""},"DateFormatDisplay":{"value":"DD/MM/YY"},"TopicRevisionDateFormat":{"value":"MMM yyyy"},"TopicModificationDateFormat":{"value":"MMM yyyy"},"AccessConfirmation":{"value":""},"Domain":{"value":"msdmanuals"}},"LogoBranding":{"CompanyName":{"value":"MSD"},"RevertBranding":{"value":""},"SingleManual":{"value":"Manual"},"MultipleManuals":{"value":"Manuals"}}}},"placeholders":{"maincontainer":[{"uid":"4d867853-629a-4139-a8b1-0319c2a77ea0","componentName":"Banner","dataSource":"{F89DFD2D-1485-437B-8771-BA2D5BE7E796}","fields":{"Video":[],"title":{"value":""},"description":{"value":""},"image":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/gmk-timeline-2021/timelinemsd_en_v2.png?h=348\u0026iar=0\u0026w=1200","alt":"alt text goes here","width":"1200","height":"348"}}},"placeholders":{"jss-main":[],"maincontainer":[],"column-left":[],"column-right":[]}},{"uid":"03aa5833-2fe6-4469-9915-49785db2e8e7","componentName":"RightpanelContainer","dataSource":"","placeholders":{"column-left":[{"uid":"0058f245-251e-461d-a060-1a1824227bad","componentName":"LeftNavigation","dataSource":"{8F85F50E-53E3-4F53-9EE8-E23B7D6E38BD}","fields":{"heading":{"value":"ABOUT US"},"navlist":[{"id":"8dea6924-70e1-47bd-a44a-8e99ea13b04f","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/about-the-manuals","name":"About The Manuals","displayName":"About The Manuals","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{BA8E5F29-7CE6-4EEA-BF60-20CFF269803A}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Overview of the MSD Manuals"}}},{"id":"7b758325-2fbc-46fa-a237-5c8652a5d8c5","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/history","name":"History","displayName":"History","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/history","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{9A22C7CF-BD49-4A4A-839D-1591A7EC3AD8}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"History of the MSD Manuals"}}},{"id":"aa2e5363-bb41-4f5b-a6fe-633731199c29","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/global-medical-knowledge","name":"Global Medical Knowledge","displayName":"Global Medical Knowledge","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/global-medical-knowledge","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{20BC826B-821E-4522-B909-FC972147021C}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Global Medical Knowledge"}}},{"id":"9d8b00cb-9632-4c36-aeb2-a93b1c997c2d","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/the-manuals-staff","name":"The Manuals Staff","displayName":"The Manuals Staff","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/the-manuals-staff","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{64287A54-7C88-49E8-B2D9-ED1771ED0363}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"The Manuals Staff"}}},{"id":"bcbbefe7-a27c-4f98-8494-7f79ddeea018","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/editorial-board-and-reviewers","name":"Editorial Board and Reviewers","displayName":"Editorial Board and Reviewers","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/editorial-board-and-reviewers","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{E87A4C9C-1DCE-4D11-A371-793068A32B13}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Editorial Board and Reviewers"}}},{"id":"ca0a4b46-6c95-4b1e-9847-1eec60baf903","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/authors","name":"Authors","displayName":"Authors","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/authors","id":"{03D683B5-0A31-4B6E-8AE5-E60423F11FDF}","querystring":"","target":"","text":"","anchor":"","title":"","class":"","url":"/home/home/Authors","linktype":"internal"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Authors"}}},{"id":"8d82a134-8eb4-470b-9abe-e421e0532bb5","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/content-providers","name":"Content Providers","displayName":"Content Providers","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/content-providers","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{61188102-AC40-4337-9681-4D20D630B9CA}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Content Providers"}}},{"id":"08cada25-4203-48c3-a9bc-de573178fd1c","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/mobile-apps","name":"Mobile Apps","displayName":"Mobile Apps","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/mobileapps","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{0622CE1B-5A12-47C8-827D-3000B5CC4FBC}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Mobile Apps"}}},{"id":"7d73bb82-5c6f-4be3-a5e3-4dba5c362c15","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/permissions","name":"Permissions","displayName":"Permissions","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/content/permissions","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{27FD42F1-C40C-47CE-8FBE-F9CE89C664C5}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Permissions"}}},{"id":"d6f57cb9-a0f0-4204-a7e3-be8e710df985","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/partnerships","name":"Partnerships","displayName":"Partnerships","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/content/partnerships","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{18192450-E193-40A6-81AF-A47D9650A6F6}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Partnerships"}}},{"id":"36caa069-b307-41d1-b4fd-15b843ef5f89","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/social-media","name":"Social Media","displayName":"Social Media","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/social-media","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{EFAE748A-C437-4CDE-A757-FF79F3D8D165}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Social Media"}}},{"id":"8d239413-ff60-45ea-b2f3-c5da14f60188","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/faq","name":"FAQ","displayName":"FAQ","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/faqs","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{7BD46974-28B8-496A-BBEB-1F9E972D1E25}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)"}}},{"id":"78cca67f-9b3f-4888-8a59-bc43abccfab7","url":"/components/leftnavigation/about-us-navigation/contact-us","name":"Contact Us","displayName":"Contact Us","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/content/contact-us","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{002F133F-FCAF-4917-8461-ED8AEF75E0EF}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Contact Us"}}}]}}],"column-right":[{"uid":"253c5f27-98e3-4540-9ac9-73839895f51d","componentName":"AboutUsContent","dataSource":"{B7B02184-5D81-4D44-96DF-9572981B69E5}","fields":{"ShowLetterSpine":{"value":false},"Body":{"value":"\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\nFirst published in 1899 as a small reference book for physicians and pharmacists,\u0026nbsp; the Manual grew in size and scope to become one of the most widely used comprehensive medical resources for professionals and consumers. As the Manual evolved, it continually expanded the reach and depth of its offerings to reflect the mission of providing the best medical information of the day to a wide cross-section of users, including medical professionals and students, veterinarians and veterinary students, and consumers.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"about__article--heading\"\u003eMission Statement\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\nWe believe that health information is a universal right and that every person is entitled to accurate, accessible and usable medical information. And we believe that we have a responsibility to protect, preserve and share the best current medical information to enable more informed decisions, enhance relationships between patients and professionals, and improve health care outcomes around the world.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"about__article--heading\"\u003eFulfilling the Mission\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"about__box\"\u003e\n\u003cimg class=\"about__box--picture\" src=\"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/common/simplemsd.jpg?h=384\u0026amp;w=351\" alt=\"simple truths\" style=\"height: 100%; width:100%;\" /\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"about__box about__box--gray\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"about__box--title\"\u003eBooks for Africa\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"\" class=\"about__box--picture\" src=\"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/about-us/booksforafrica.jpg?h=247\u0026amp;w=327\" style=\"height: 100%; width:100%;\" /\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003eThe Manuals team has donated more than 200,000 copies of the MSD Manual professional and home editions through partnerships and organizations, such as Books for Africa, for distribution to physicians, nurses and community health workers throughout developing countries. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\nAs a sign of its deepened commitment to worldwide medical information access and improving global health, we are making the Manuals available for free in digital form to professionals and patients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\nWe have maintained a strong outreach to developing countries for decades. Through partnerships with organizations such as Books for Africa, we have donated more than 200,000 copies of the Manuals professional and home editions to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) for distribution to physicians, nurses and community health workers throughout developing countries. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\nIn 2015, we embarked on our most far-reaching medical knowledge initiative to date, \u003ca class=\"about__article--link\" href=\"/home/resourcespages/global-medical-knowledge\"\u003eGlobal Medical Knowledge\u003c/a\u003e. Through this worldwide project, the Manuals aim to make the best current medical information accessible by up to 3 billion health care professionals and patients around the world. As part of this project, all translations of the Manuals will be available online and kept current.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"about__article--heading\"\u003eEditorial Independence\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\nThe Manuals are the product of a collaboration between hundreds of medical experts worldwide, an independent editorial board of peer reviewers, and our editorial staff of physicians and professional medical writers. For over 100 years, we have had complete editorial independence to present the best current thinking regarding medical diagnosis and treatment, and do not in any way promote or publicize our pharmaceutical products. To ensure absence of commercial or corporate bias, authors and peer reviewers cannot be employees of Merck \u0026amp; Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD) nor can they serve as speakers for MSD products, or in any other way represent the company. Although the editorial staff is employed by Merck \u0026amp; Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (MSD)\u0026nbsp; there is no control, review, or even input into the content of The Manuals allowed from any other part of our company, including research and development, sales and marketing, public relations, legal, and corporate management.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"about__article--heading\"\u003eCredibility\u0026nbsp; \u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\nMany criteria have been put forth for what makes a website a credible reference source, and this issue has been much discussed in print and online\u003csup\u003e1,2,3,4\u003c/sup\u003e. Thus, the Manual has drawn on existing consensus criteria to create an easy-to-remember reminder that people looking for online health information should see where the website \u003cstrong\u003eSTANDS\u003c/strong\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"about__box about__box--gray\"\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"\" class=\"about__box--picture\" src=\"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/about-us/gmkgap.png?h=261\u0026amp;w=320\" style=\"height: 100%; width:100%;\" /\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003eTwo decades of research have documented a growing medical knowledge crisis that negatively impacts people's ability to make informed health care decisions, hinders the relationships between patients and professionals and creates a barrier to better health care outcomes in the US and around the world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cblockquote class=\"about__blockquote\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource\u003c/strong\u003e: Does the resource cite recognized authorities and provide their credentials?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTransparency\u003c/strong\u003e: Is it open and obvious whether the site\u0026rsquo;s mission is educational or commercial?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccessibility\u003c/strong\u003e: Is the site available without registration and is there a way for users to contact someone with questions or concerns?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNeutrality\u003c/strong\u003e: Is the information available purely as a resource, or does the site benefit financially from what its users do (such as buying products or visiting advertised websites)? \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDocumentation\u003c/strong\u003e: Is the site updated when needed by recognized medical experts?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecurity\u003c/strong\u003e: Can users access content without forfeiting personal information?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"about__article--paragraph\"\u003e\nThe Manual will do its best to STAND by these criteria. Our over 300 authors are all recognized experts in their field. Their name and credentials are listed on each of their topics and on a \u003ca href=\"/home/authors\"\u003econtributor page\u003c/a\u003e, and they all endeavor to update their topics on a regular basis. Our absence of registration fees, ads, or product sales or promotion of any sort, as well as our \u003ca class=\"about__article--link\" href=\"/sitecore/service/notfound.aspx?item=master%3a%7b1774071B-042C-4B16-8784-FF4A37F9264F%7d%40en\"\u003eeditorial process\u003c/a\u003e that uses external authors and reviewers make it clear \u003c/p\u003e"},"UpdatedDate":{"value":"2023-08-28T15:16:31Z"},"title":{"value":"Overview of the MSD Manuals"}},"placeholders":{"Infographic":[]}},{"uid":"d9e9d8f7-1112-488c-a8df-0ff021839aa4","componentName":"TwoColumnContainer","dataSource":"","placeholders":{"column-left":[{"uid":"31f7f443-1ec6-4f2c-ae39-210e2add3fcd","componentName":"GenericContent","dataSource":"{C5D9A5FE-1344-4479-8FEB-261D618CC86A}","fields":{"ShowLetterSpine":{"value":false},"Body":{"value":"\u003cp class=\"about__resource__data\"\u003ethat The Manuals\u0026rsquo; Mission Statement is truthful and that our mission is solely to be an educational resource. The Manual does not require user registration and thus does not gather users\u0026rsquo; personal data; we do not contact \u003cem\u003eyou\u003c/em\u003e, but there is a \u0026ldquo;contact us\u0026rdquo; link in the footer of every page.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"about__resources\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"about__resources--title\"\u003eResources:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003col class=\"about__resources--list\"\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"about__resources--item\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nnlm.gov/guides/health-misinformation-resources\" class=\"about__resources--link\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNational Network of Libraries of Medicine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"about__resources--item\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthywebsurfing.html\" class=\"about__resources--link\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNational Library of Medicine, MedlinePlus\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"about__resources--item\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/finding-and-evaluating-online-resources\" class=\"about__resources--link\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli class=\"about__resources--item\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.mlanet.org/resources/userguide.html\" class=\"about__resources--link\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMedical Library Association\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003c/section\u003e"},"UpdatedDate":{"value":"2024-04-30T05:44:00Z"},"title":{"value":""}},"placeholders":{"jss-main":[],"maincontainer":[],"column-left":[],"column-right":[]}}],"column-right":[{"uid":"24a8755e-00b9-4aab-8fc8-f02dc62bb5d9","componentName":"Infographic","dataSource":"{8E0FA660-AA5A-48AB-BFE3-FD880C1DAC96}","fields":{"Image":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/infographics/stands-msd.jpg?h=703\u0026iar=0\u0026w=909","alt":"Stands","width":"909","height":"703"}},"Link to printable version":{"value":{"href":""}},"Citation":{"value":{"href":""}},"Description":{"value":""},"Title":{"value":""},"ModificationDate":{"value":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"UniqueID":{"value":"Infographic AboutUs"},"ContentType":{"value":"Infographics"},"MediaHashValue":{"value":""},"IsHiddenInSearch":{"value":false},"IsRestricted":{"value":false},"VasontCopyright":{"value":""},"MMEdition":{"value":"Home"},"ExcludeFromBrand":{"value":""},"TopicIds":[],"HashValue":{"value":""},"VasontHash":{"value":""},"Url Path Segment":{"value":""},"Species":[],"ShareTitle":{"value":"infographic-aboutus"},"SeoAlternateTitle":{"value":""},"SeoForSearchCrawl":{"value":""},"IsBreadcrumbSchema":{"value":false},"SeoDescription":{"value":""},"SeoNoIndex":{"value":false}},"placeholders":{"jss-main":[],"maincontainer":[],"column-right":[],"column-left":[]}}],"maincontainer":[]}}]}}],"one-column":[]}},{"uid":"bc3c5b7f-a2dd-44b9-90d9-b45380a50b33","componentName":"SEOMetaTags","dataSource":"{1190C621-E53E-4C42-8D96-A354A369015E}","fields":{"data":{"ParentItem":{"parent":{"Title":null,"authors":null,"coauthors":null,"parent":{"Title":{"value":"Home"}}}},"SeoSettings":{"socialSettings":{"targetItem":{"shareImagePath":{"src":"//manual/seo/default_share_msd.jpg"}}},"globalSettings":{"targetItem":{"TwitterHandle":{"value":"@MSDManualHome"}}},"rootItem":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"home"}}}}}},{"uid":"b6ed44ff-94ee-4cfc-b435-16f9b3e78026","componentName":"AnalyticsScript","dataSource":"{1B73C413-8CCF-454B-B0BD-33FA60E00777}","fields":{"GTMid":{"value":"GTM-5MKXR9"},"Body":{"value":"\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5MKXR9\" height=\"0\" width=\"0\" style=\"display:none;visibility:hidden\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e"},"BodyBottom":{"value":""},"Head":{"value":"(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'\u0026l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5MKXR9');"},"TrackingId":{"value":"UA-4427664-3"},"Preloadscript":{"value":"https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-5MKXR9"},"MMEdition":{"value":"Home"},"SeoAlternateTitle":{"value":""},"SeoForSearchCrawl":{"value":""},"IsBreadcrumbSchema":{"value":false},"SeoDescription":{"value":""},"SeoNoIndex":{"value":false}}},{"uid":"e9f7d815-6750-4275-906a-f790d8d502cd","componentName":"Canonical","dataSource":"","fields":{"cannonicalUrl":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","xDefualtUrl":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","alternate":[{"language":"ar","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/ar/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"de","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/de/heim/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"en","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"en-CA","link":"https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"en-US","link":"https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"es","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/resourcespages/acerca-de-los-manuales-msd","authorEdition":null},{"language":"es-US","link":"https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/resourcespages/acerca-de-los-manuales-msd","authorEdition":null},{"language":"fr","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/fr/accueil/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"fr-CA","link":"https://www.merckmanuals.com/fr-ca/accueil/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"hi","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/hi/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"it","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/it/casa/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"ja-JP","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/ja-jp/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"ko","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/ko/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"pt","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/pt/casa/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"ru","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/ru/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"sw","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/sw/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null},{"language":"zh","link":"https://www.msdmanuals.cn/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","authorEdition":null}]}},{"uid":"03701f77-edf2-4743-bc22-0794c6bda1c9","componentName":"LanguageSelectorPopup","dataSource":"{0736B37C-0285-46F6-AD7A-0E5D6195BD81}","fields":{"Language":[{"id":"6baa5cb6-08cc-40e9-ac10-fbf31803ccbe","url":"/configuration/languages/ar","name":"ar","displayName":"ar","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"ARABIC"},"TargetWindow":{"value":""},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"العربية"}}},{"id":"fb88384d-3c76-4037-b0d9-bfff7641e02e","url":"/configuration/languages/de","name":"de","displayName":"de","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"GERMAN"},"TargetWindow":{"value":""},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"Deutsch"}}},{"id":"46cf90bf-f49a-4917-90ef-459aa0eb1701","url":"/configuration/languages/en","name":"en","displayName":"en","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"ENGLISH"},"TargetWindow":{"value":""},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"ENGLISH"}}},{"id":"aef292fe-2675-4561-8361-67c9cae7670f","url":"/configuration/languages/es","name":"es","displayName":"es","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"SPANISH"},"TargetWindow":{"value":""},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"ESPAÑOL"}}},{"id":"732f728b-3612-4d2b-9fcf-0a5c9f81cdc6","url":"/configuration/languages/fr","name":"fr","displayName":"fr","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"FRENCH"},"TargetWindow":{"value":""},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"FRANÇAIS"}}},{"id":"da15c67e-7427-4516-9862-fd8180e05cc4","url":"/configuration/languages/hi","name":"hi","displayName":"hi","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"HINDI"},"TargetWindow":{"value":""},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"हिन्दी"}}},{"id":"b3294006-a86b-483e-96bb-2ef7a1ded1ec","url":"/configuration/languages/it","name":"it","displayName":"it","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"ITALIAN"},"TargetWindow":{"value":""},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"Italiano"}}},{"id":"c8941492-5cd7-4502-b4a2-ccddd3d3fc0d","url":"/configuration/languages/ja","name":"ja","displayName":"ja","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"JAPANESE"},"TargetWindow":{"value":""},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"日本語"}}},{"id":"160f6e14-f526-4090-9379-4138789c35f2","url":"/configuration/languages/ko","name":"ko","displayName":"ko","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"KOREAN"},"TargetWindow":{"value":""},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"한국어"}}},{"id":"322015ca-0a32-41b5-a8db-a5bc7543a7fb","url":"/configuration/languages/pt","name":"pt","displayName":"pt","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"PORTUGUESE"},"TargetWindow":{"value":""},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"Português"}}},{"id":"df5d59da-eed0-4fda-9b59-bc0d43fcad4a","url":"/configuration/languages/ru","name":"ru","displayName":"ru","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"RUSSIAN"},"TargetWindow":{"value":""},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"РУССКИЙ"}}},{"id":"a1eaf186-c98f-44da-b202-9ae462147be0","url":"/configuration/languages/zh","name":"zh","displayName":"zh","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"CHINESE"},"TargetWindow":{"value":"new"},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"中文"}}},{"id":"3bf131c5-0ec5-43b5-82b1-7fb537f864c6","url":"/configuration/languages/sw","name":"sw","displayName":"sw","fields":{"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"Kiswahili"},"TargetWindow":{"value":""},"OriginalLanguageName":{"value":"Kiswahili"}}}],"Title":{"value":"INTERNATIONAL VERSIONS OF THE MANUALS"},"VersionText":{"value":"Consumer Version"},"Description":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMerck \u0026amp; Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA, known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, provides international versions of The Manuals for both health care professionals and the general public. The Manuals are known outside of the United States and Canada as the MSD Manuals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBy selecting a language below, you will be directed to the www.msdmanuals.com site in your chosen language.\u003c/strong\u003e Note that not all features of the US and Canadian sites are available on the international versions.\u003c/p\u003e"},"MMEdition":{"value":"Home"},"SeoAlternateTitle":{"value":""},"SeoForSearchCrawl":{"value":""},"IsBreadcrumbSchema":{"value":false},"SeoDescription":{"value":""},"SeoNoIndex":{"value":false}}}],"jss-header":[{"uid":"6abb9c05-6c2b-4abb-bce4-9829acd6cafb","componentName":"Header","dataSource":"{3C29ED99-9D2C-4C97-94FC-F6CB155FD22B}","fields":{"VetSpeicsImage":{"value":{}},"VetSpeicsImageYellow":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"The trusted provider of medical information since 1899"},"BrandLogo":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/brand-logos/mm_logo.svg?h=52\u0026iar=0\u0026w=52","alt":"MSD","width":"52","height":"52"}},"ShowEdition":{"value":false},"Link":{"value":{"href":"/home","id":"{F03B08B6-D34F-523B-9C8D-CBE0828EE775}","querystring":"","target":"","text":"","anchor":"","title":"","class":"","url":"/home/home","linktype":"internal"}},"BrandName":{"value":"MSD Manual"},"EditionText":{"value":"Consumer Version"}},"placeholders":{"edition-switcher":[{"uid":"4c175a6d-8705-4a86-98bb-883a960bd41c","componentName":"EditionSwitcher","dataSource":"{250C8E58-127E-4965-BDA8-F67F087B4AF6}","fields":{"DataId":{"value":"HE"},"OtherEditionText":{"value":"VIEW CONSUMER VERSION"},"DisableLogoEditionSwitchToggle":{"value":false},"CssStyle":{"value":"home"},"SwitchToAnotherEditionUsersTextForTranslation":{"value":"Manuals.TopicPage.EditionToggle.Consumers"},"EditionToSwitchTo":{"value":{"href":"/home","id":"{F03B08B6-D34F-523B-9C8D-CBE0828EE775}","querystring":"","linktype":"internal","text":"","anchor":"","url":"/home/home","title":"","class":"","target":""}}},"placeholders":{"jss-header":[]}}],"language-switcher":[{"uid":"2c4d460c-8235-45e1-be15-8219466de984","componentName":"LanguageSwitcher","dataSource":"{BA74C78B-E5B7-4670-99AA-9FA46DD004B1}","fields":{"data":{"item":{"displayName":"LanguageSwitcherSettings","DisableLanguageDropDown":null,"ShowOtherLanguagesInDropdown":{"value":""},"Logo":{"height":32,"width":32,"alt":"open-lang-selector","src":"//manual/sticky-icons/open-lang-selector.png","title":""},"LanguagesForDropdown":{"targetItems":[{"displayName":"de","name":"de"},{"displayName":"en","name":"en"},{"displayName":"es","name":"es"},{"displayName":"fr","name":"fr"},{"displayName":"it","name":"it"},{"displayName":"ja","name":"ja"},{"displayName":"ko","name":"ko"},{"displayName":"pt","name":"pt"},{"displayName":"ru","name":"ru"},{"displayName":"zh","name":"zh"},{"displayName":"ar","name":"ar"},{"displayName":"hi","name":"hi"},{"displayName":"sw","name":"sw"}]}},"datasource":{"children":{"results":[{"name":"en","displayName":"en","nativeName":{"value":"ENGLISH"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"ENGLISH"}},{"name":"vi","displayName":"vi","nativeName":{"value":"Tiếng Việt"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"Vietnamese"}},{"name":"ar","displayName":"ar","nativeName":{"value":"العربية"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"ARABIC"}},{"name":"de","displayName":"de","nativeName":{"value":"Deutsch"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"GERMAN"}},{"name":"en-US","displayName":"en-US","nativeName":{"value":"ENGLISH"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":""}},{"name":"es","displayName":"es","nativeName":{"value":"ESPAÑOL"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"SPANISH"}},{"name":"es-US","displayName":"es-US","nativeName":{"value":"ESPAÑOL"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":""}},{"name":"hi","displayName":"hi","nativeName":{"value":"हिन्दी"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"HINDI"}},{"name":"it","displayName":"it","nativeName":{"value":"Italiano"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"ITALIAN"}},{"name":"pt","displayName":"pt","nativeName":{"value":"Português"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"PORTUGUESE"}},{"name":"ru","displayName":"ru","nativeName":{"value":"РУССКИЙ"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"RUSSIAN"}},{"name":"sw","displayName":"sw","nativeName":{"value":"Kiswahili"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"Kiswahili"}},{"name":"uk","displayName":"uk","nativeName":{"value":"УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"UKRAINIAN"}},{"name":"ko","displayName":"ko","nativeName":{"value":"한국어"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"KOREAN"}},{"name":"zh","displayName":"zh","nativeName":{"value":"中文"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"CHINESE"}},{"name":"ja","displayName":"ja","nativeName":{"value":"日本語"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"JAPANESE"}},{"name":"fr","displayName":"fr","nativeName":{"value":"FRANÇAIS"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"FRENCH"}}]}}}}}],"social":[{"uid":"bdae5634-2227-4005-b01c-33130a8fe8e6","componentName":"SocialShare","dataSource":"{8F390053-0B83-426E-88A4-8B88CA25F20D}","fields":{"communitylinks":[{"id":"0d1a3016-703b-46c9-a686-580549e4e337","url":"/components/socialshare/communitylinks/facebook","name":"Facebook","displayName":"Facebook","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"https://www.facebook.com/MSDManual","linktype":"external","url":"https://www.facebook.com/MSDManual","anchor":"","target":""}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/social-share/facebook.svg?h=40\u0026iar=0\u0026w=40","alt":"facebook","width":"40","height":"40"}},"title":{"value":"Facebook"}}},{"id":"2a57b1a5-ba45-4def-866a-04a556d2740c","url":"/components/socialshare/communitylinks/twitter","name":"Twitter","displayName":"Twitter","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"https://twitter.com/MSDManualPro","linktype":"external","url":"https://twitter.com/MSDManualPro","anchor":"","target":""}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/social-share/social_round_twitter.svg?h=40\u0026iar=0\u0026w=40","alt":"Twitter","width":"40","height":"40"}},"title":{"value":"Twitter"}}}],"ComponentType":{"value":""}}}],"search":[{"uid":"22ccabef-30f0-4414-8308-f2f78c49e658","componentName":"Search","dataSource":"{5AB6A495-2E01-4354-A3A7-1A896DBD1FE3}","fields":{"DisableLetterspine":{"value":false},"HelpEnabled":{"value":true},"IntroductoryText":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eEnter search terms to find related medical topics, multimedia and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eAdvanced Search:\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse \u0026ldquo; \u0026ldquo; for exact phrases.\u003c/strong\u003e\n \u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFor example: \u0026ldquo;pediatric abdominal pain\u0026rdquo;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse \u0026ndash; to remove results with certain keywords.\u003c/strong\u003e\n \u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFor example: abdominal pain -pediatric\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse OR to account for alternate keywords.\u003c/strong\u003e\n \u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFor example: teenager OR adolescent\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},"HelpTitle":{"value":"Search Information"},"HelpBody":{"value":"Find information on medical topics, symptoms, drugs, procedures, news and more, written for the health care professional\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe Manuals support the following advanced search functionality:\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhrases using \" \" for example: \"pediatric abdominal pain\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNegations using - for example: abdominal pain -pediatric\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOR using OR for example: sow OR gilt\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},"SearchUrl":{"value":{"href":"/home/searchresults","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{4031901F-EA39-4E1A-925C-8F7D9A8C4988}"}},"DisableSearchResultsFromNewsSection":{"value":false},"DisableSearchResultsFromOtherEdition":{"value":false}},"placeholders":{"jss-letterspine":[]}}],"vet-species":[],"main-navigation":[{"uid":"728fb0c3-0c17-4152-8265-e65446c4faf9","componentName":"Navigation","dataSource":"{0E87E177-7534-43B1-A7F0-F990C873FB74}","fields":{"hambergerheaderhat":{"id":"66f49ccc-86d5-4bf7-99c3-6c79895ea3e8","url":"/components/headerhat/headerhat","name":"HeaderHat","displayName":"HeaderHat","fields":{"Logo":{"value":{}},"HeaderHatLinks":[],"Enable":{"value":false},"Flag":{"value":{}},"OtherEditionText":{"value":""},"RevertLogoDesc":{"value":false},"TopHeaderLogoLink":{"value":{"href":""}}}},"navlist":[{"id":"96abe6f8-9439-463c-8d57-e2c6330d63e1","url":"/components/navigation/mainnavigation/home","name":"Home","displayName":"Home","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home","id":"{F03B08B6-D34F-523B-9C8D-CBE0828EE775}","querystring":"","target":"","text":"","anchor":"","title":"","class":"","url":"/home/home","linktype":"internal"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Home"}}},{"id":"72244b4c-8d05-433e-8f45-33cff0dbba10","url":"/components/navigation/mainnavigation/health-topics","name":"Health Topics","displayName":"Health Topics","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/health-topics","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{63C759D2-F15C-429A-A0BA-DD1A801A89B9}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Health Topics"}}},{"id":"507c6151-38d8-4c72-8c32-b3373a627015","url":"/components/navigation/mainnavigation/healthy-living","name":"Healthy Living","displayName":"Healthy Living","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/healthy-living","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{A0ABB1E3-1A96-4A38-86CC-FCEE042501D2}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Healthy Living"}}},{"id":"48643b21-6778-432a-9ced-9d10696dbebb","url":"/components/navigation/mainnavigation/symptoms","name":"Symptoms","displayName":"Symptoms","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/symptoms","id":"{A480EFE9-29AD-4387-9163-0CF8D7C41998}","querystring":"","target":"","text":"","anchor":"","title":"","class":"","url":"/home/home/Symptoms","linktype":"internal"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Symptoms"}}},{"id":"e1ae58d6-f757-4fae-8cea-5e75f2bab0b8","url":"/components/navigation/mainnavigation/emergencies","name":"Emergencies","displayName":"Emergencies","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/first-aid","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{6DA8B687-AC95-4C9D-8D52-DC783E4F96B5}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Emergencies"}}},{"id":"9b8a0c92-9cd6-421d-be69-177bf27d7b18","url":"/components/navigation/mainnavigation/resources","name":"Resources","displayName":"Resources","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resource","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{06494BEE-D865-4C9D-9AE7-735E97869BFE}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Resources"}}},{"id":"2e7c94cf-9b85-4b86-9d5a-ac25161090bb","url":"/components/navigation/mainnavigation/news","name":"News","displayName":"News","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/pages-with-widgets/news-list","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{4603D5EE-05CF-47E5-90CA-28DB85071BD6}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Commentary"}}},{"id":"7e54c8ef-08c0-4158-a966-f3fa1f52578f","url":"/components/navigation/mainnavigation/about-us","name":"About Us","displayName":"About Us","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{BA8E5F29-7CE6-4EEA-BF60-20CFF269803A}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"ABOUT US"}}}],"hambergerheaderhatlist":[{"id":"b48abc06-ef0e-40f9-a783-9f3cb1308a1b","url":"/components/headerhat/headerhat/aboutus","name":"AboutUs","displayName":"AboutUs","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":""}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":""}}},{"id":"63fa4d1a-ac52-4d4c-8153-6265d4577c1f","url":"/components/headerhat/headerhat/careers","name":"Careers","displayName":"Careers","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"http://","linktype":"external","url":"","anchor":"","target":"_blank"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"MSD careers"}}},{"id":"8907613b-29e4-417e-acfd-0efb27101fb5","url":"/components/headerhat/headerhat/research","name":"Research","displayName":"Research","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"http://","linktype":"external","url":"","anchor":"","target":"_blank"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"research"}}},{"id":"a1737f4b-e2f6-41cc-9a8c-a90a581bf7d2","url":"/components/headerhat/headerhat/worldwidelink","name":"WorldWideLink","displayName":"WorldWideLink","fields":{"link":{"value":{"href":"http://www.msd.com/contact/contacts.html","linktype":"external","url":"http://www.msd.com/contact/contacts.html","anchor":"","target":"_blank"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/worldwide_icon.png?h=14\u0026iar=0\u0026w=14","alt":"worlwide icon","width":"14","height":"14"}},"title":{"value":"worldwide"}}}],"hambergerfooterlist":[{"id":"393cde37-dbcd-4f39-9f3c-51063f31afa8","url":"/components/footer/navigation/disclaimer","name":"Disclaimer","displayName":"Disclaimer","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/disclaimer","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","querystring":"","id":"{00834606-ABBB-44E1-AA41-BDA1EDDB7E3A}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Disclaimer"}}},{"id":"21f2a9d8-3977-455c-b38e-b8d0ae597164","url":"/components/footer/navigation/privacy","name":"Privacy","displayName":"Privacy","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"https://www.msdprivacy.com/","linktype":"external","url":"https://www.msdprivacy.com/","anchor":"","target":"_blank"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Privacy"}}},{"id":"62c2773b-7831-4312-bea5-990e3fd0b55c","url":"/components/footer/navigation/terms-of-use","name":"Terms Of Use","displayName":"Terms Of Use","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/content/termsofuse","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"_blank","querystring":"","id":"{DF0CAC61-39FB-4BD5-BE0C-42267B9E848A}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Terms of use"}}},{"id":"2c142eaf-9196-4702-a1fe-b16deac09b2c","url":"/components/footer/navigation/contact-us","name":"Contact Us","displayName":"Contact Us","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/content/contact-us","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","querystring":"","id":"{002F133F-FCAF-4917-8461-ED8AEF75E0EF}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Contact Us"}}},{"id":"51b011bf-c1c5-4d53-a482-42120bedee9c","url":"/components/footer/navigation/veterinary-manual","name":"Veterinary Manual","displayName":"Veterinary Manual","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":true},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{87092BBC-39F6-5BD9-9D6F-C08E7820E07B}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Veterinary Manual"}}},{"id":"70af5d70-7b9c-4814-ae86-276419561648","url":"/components/footer/navigation/about-us","name":"About Us","displayName":"About Us","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"_blank","querystring":"","id":"{BA8E5F29-7CE6-4EEA-BF60-20CFF269803A}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"About"}}},{"id":"a198fd19-60b5-4c59-8e3f-2d057f7cca70","url":"/components/footer/navigation/permissions","name":"Permissions","displayName":"Permissions","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/content/permissions","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","querystring":"","id":"{27FD42F1-C40C-47CE-8FBE-F9CE89C664C5}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Permissions"}}},{"id":"8da94156-1ec3-44e2-86a2-4fb81c270bba","url":"/components/footer/navigation/cookie-preferences","name":"Cookie Preferences","displayName":"Cookie Preferences","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"#javascript:void(0)","text":"Cookie Settings","linktype":"anchor","url":"javascript:void(0)","anchor":"javascript:void(0)","title":"Cookie Settings","class":"ot-sdk-show-settings footer__footnav--link"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Cookie Preferences"}}},{"id":"2e893c18-b796-4606-a4ee-62896210deee","url":"/components/footer/navigation/licensing","name":"Licensing","displayName":"Licensing","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/content/partnerships","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{18192450-E193-40A6-81AF-A47D9650A6F6}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Licensing"}}},{"id":"0f298851-bd4e-4a88-b510-e53c0dfec501","url":"/components/footer/navigation/global-medical-knowledge","name":"Global Medical Knowledge","displayName":"Global Medical Knowledge","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/global-medical-knowledge","text":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","querystring":"","id":"{20BC826B-821E-4522-B909-FC972147021C}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Global Medical Knowledge"}}},{"id":"c81c6506-dd4d-4d34-8327-3b4eefa63df5","url":"/components/footer/navigation/mobile-app","name":"Mobile APP","displayName":"Mobile APP","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/mobileapps","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{0622CE1B-5A12-47C8-827D-3000B5CC4FBC}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Mobile App"}}}]},"placeholders":{"jss-main":[],"maincontainer":[],"column-left":[],"column-right":[]}}],"languageSelectorPopup":[]}}],"jss-footer":[{"uid":"f32b8a87-9f43-41d1-a830-ad35e86834d9","componentName":"Footer","dataSource":"{195990AB-CD81-4A62-A871-0047C2D27567}","fields":{"logo":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/brand-logos/msd_foot_logo.png?h=71\u0026iar=0\u0026w=189","alt":"MSD","width":"189","height":"71"}},"honbadge":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca tabindex=\"-1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.healthonnet.org/HONcode/Conduct.html?HONConduct156616\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/footer/honconduct156616_s.gif\" style=\"border:0px; width: 49px; height: 72px; float: left; margin: 2px;\" title=\"This website is certified by Health On the Net Foundation. Click to verify.\" alt=\"This website is certified by Health On the Net Foundation. Click to verify.\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e This site complies with the \u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.healthonnet.org/HONcode/Conduct.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e HONcode standard for trustworthy health\u003c/a\u003e information: \u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://www.healthonnet.org/HONcode/Conduct.html?HONConduct156616\" target=\"_blank\"\u003everify here.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},"heading":{"value":""},"licensetext":{"value":""},"accesibilitylink":{"value":{"href":"https://www.essentialaccessibility.com/msdmanuals?utm_source=msdmanualshomepage\u0026utm_medium=iconlarge\u0026utm_term=eachannelpage\u0026utm_content=header\u0026utm_campaign=msdmanuals","linktype":"external","url":"https://www.essentialaccessibility.com/msdmanuals?utm_source=msdmanualshomepage\u0026utm_medium=iconlarge\u0026utm_term=eachannelpage\u0026utm_content=header\u0026utm_campaign=msdmanuals","anchor":"","target":"_blank"}},"copyrighttext":{"value":"Merck \u0026 Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. All rights reserved."},"text":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBrought to you by Merck \u0026amp; Co, Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside the US and Canada)\u0026mdash;dedicated to using leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. Learn more about the MSD Manuals and our commitment to \u003ca href=\"/en/home/resourcespages/global-medical-knowledge\"\u003eGlobal Medical Knowledge\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},"accesibilitylogo":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/footer/accessibility.png?h=28\u0026iar=0\u0026w=75","alt":"This icon serves as a link to download the eSSENTIAL Accessibility assistive technology app for individuals with physical disabilities. It is featured as part of our commitment to diversity and inclusion.","width":"75","height":"28"}},"footernavlinks":[{"id":"70af5d70-7b9c-4814-ae86-276419561648","url":"/components/footer/navigation/about-us","name":"About Us","displayName":"About Us","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"_blank","querystring":"","id":"{BA8E5F29-7CE6-4EEA-BF60-20CFF269803A}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"About"}}},{"id":"393cde37-dbcd-4f39-9f3c-51063f31afa8","url":"/components/footer/navigation/disclaimer","name":"Disclaimer","displayName":"Disclaimer","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/disclaimer","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","querystring":"","id":"{00834606-ABBB-44E1-AA41-BDA1EDDB7E3A}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Disclaimer"}}},{"id":"a198fd19-60b5-4c59-8e3f-2d057f7cca70","url":"/components/footer/navigation/permissions","name":"Permissions","displayName":"Permissions","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/content/permissions","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","querystring":"","id":"{27FD42F1-C40C-47CE-8FBE-F9CE89C664C5}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Permissions"}}},{"id":"21f2a9d8-3977-455c-b38e-b8d0ae597164","url":"/components/footer/navigation/privacy","name":"Privacy","displayName":"Privacy","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"https://www.msdprivacy.com/","linktype":"external","url":"https://www.msdprivacy.com/","anchor":"","target":"_blank"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Privacy"}}},{"id":"8da94156-1ec3-44e2-86a2-4fb81c270bba","url":"/components/footer/navigation/cookie-preferences","name":"Cookie Preferences","displayName":"Cookie Preferences","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"#javascript:void(0)","text":"Cookie Settings","linktype":"anchor","url":"javascript:void(0)","anchor":"javascript:void(0)","title":"Cookie Settings","class":"ot-sdk-show-settings footer__footnav--link"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Cookie Preferences"}}},{"id":"62c2773b-7831-4312-bea5-990e3fd0b55c","url":"/components/footer/navigation/terms-of-use","name":"Terms Of Use","displayName":"Terms Of Use","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/content/termsofuse","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"_blank","querystring":"","id":"{DF0CAC61-39FB-4BD5-BE0C-42267B9E848A}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Terms of use"}}},{"id":"2e893c18-b796-4606-a4ee-62896210deee","url":"/components/footer/navigation/licensing","name":"Licensing","displayName":"Licensing","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/content/partnerships","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{18192450-E193-40A6-81AF-A47D9650A6F6}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Licensing"}}},{"id":"2c142eaf-9196-4702-a1fe-b16deac09b2c","url":"/components/footer/navigation/contact-us","name":"Contact Us","displayName":"Contact Us","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/content/contact-us","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","querystring":"","id":"{002F133F-FCAF-4917-8461-ED8AEF75E0EF}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Contact Us"}}},{"id":"0f298851-bd4e-4a88-b510-e53c0dfec501","url":"/components/footer/navigation/global-medical-knowledge","name":"Global Medical Knowledge","displayName":"Global Medical Knowledge","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/global-medical-knowledge","text":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","querystring":"","id":"{20BC826B-821E-4522-B909-FC972147021C}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Global Medical Knowledge"}}},{"id":"51b011bf-c1c5-4d53-a482-42120bedee9c","url":"/components/footer/navigation/veterinary-manual","name":"Veterinary Manual","displayName":"Veterinary Manual","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":true},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{87092BBC-39F6-5BD9-9D6F-C08E7820E07B}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Veterinary Manual"}}},{"id":"c81c6506-dd4d-4d34-8327-3b4eefa63df5","url":"/components/footer/navigation/mobile-app","name":"Mobile APP","displayName":"Mobile APP","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/mobileapps","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","target":"","querystring":"","id":"{0622CE1B-5A12-47C8-827D-3000B5CC4FBC}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{}},"title":{"value":"Mobile App"}}}],"logolink":{"value":{"href":""}},"MMEdition":{"id":"ce042d33-4f0e-4cb0-8af7-94292e16896b","url":"/configuration/mmedition/home","name":"Home","displayName":"Home","fields":{"Key":{"value":"1"},"Phrase":{"value":"Home"}}}},"placeholders":{"social":[{"uid":"c18d2e68-14a5-42d6-b56e-ad692ef16479","componentName":"SocialShare","dataSource":"{27333B1D-C904-46AF-839D-74E676FC0FE8}","fields":{"communitylinks":[{"id":"0d1a3016-703b-46c9-a686-580549e4e337","url":"/components/socialshare/communitylinks/facebook","name":"Facebook","displayName":"Facebook","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"https://www.facebook.com/MSDManual","linktype":"external","url":"https://www.facebook.com/MSDManual","anchor":"","target":""}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/social-share/facebook.svg?h=40\u0026iar=0\u0026w=40","alt":"facebook","width":"40","height":"40"}},"title":{"value":"Facebook"}}},{"id":"2a57b1a5-ba45-4def-866a-04a556d2740c","url":"/components/socialshare/communitylinks/twitter","name":"Twitter","displayName":"Twitter","fields":{"showonmobilebreadcrumb":{"value":false},"hideonmobile":{"value":false},"link":{"value":{"href":"https://twitter.com/MSDManualPro","linktype":"external","url":"https://twitter.com/MSDManualPro","anchor":"","target":""}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/social-share/social_round_twitter.svg?h=40\u0026iar=0\u0026w=40","alt":"Twitter","width":"40","height":"40"}},"title":{"value":"Twitter"}}}],"ComponentType":{"value":""}}}]}}],"jss-navigation":[],"jss-letterspine":[{"uid":"e4961619-cc20-4cc5-97c6-fbea8e954cac","componentName":"LetterSpine","dataSource":"","placeholders":{"search":[]}}],"jss-onetrustcookie":[{"uid":"f49b6772-ebee-4083-8f9d-1a18b92b6be0","componentName":"OneTrustCookie","dataSource":""}],"jss-headerhat":[{"uid":"d6ec5fef-40e1-4c11-9b32-15bf394c7617","componentName":"HeaderHat","dataSource":"{66F49CCC-86D5-4BF7-99C3-6C79895EA3E8}","fields":{"Logo":{"value":{}},"HeaderHatLinks":[],"Enable":{"value":false},"Flag":{"value":{}},"OtherEditionText":{"value":""},"RevertLogoDesc":{"value":false},"TopHeaderLogoLink":{"value":{"href":""}}},"placeholders":{"jss-headerhat":[]}}],"jss-mobilespotlight":[],"jss-head":[],"jss-breadcrumb":[{"uid":"94d783e0-8321-401b-bdae-8d9f6abf8f70","componentName":"Breadcrumb","dataSource":""}],"jss-righttoolbar":[{"uid":"7e476694-df84-4517-a568-752dc2b9241d","componentName":"StickyRightToolbar","dataSource":"{AD70D039-EC76-4AA7-8216-A31161A61807}","fields":{"StickyIcons":[{"id":"f91be975-a67d-4888-beae-09a48ed84e85","url":"/components/stickyicons/shareicon","name":"ShareIcon","displayName":"ShareIcon","fields":{"Type":{"value":"Share"},"link":{"value":{"href":""}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/icon_share_black.svg?h=32\u0026iar=0\u0026w=32","alt":"icon_share_black","width":"32","height":"32"}},"title":{"value":"Share"}}},{"id":"56a47dd2-bd6d-4fe1-b13d-50233b6c5a4f","url":"/components/stickyicons/bookmark","name":"BookMark","displayName":"BookMark","fields":{"Type":{"value":""},"link":{"value":{"href":"","linktype":"internal"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/icon_bookmark_black.svg?h=32\u0026iar=0\u0026w=32","alt":"icon_bookmark_black","width":"32","height":"32"}},"title":{"value":"BookMark"}}},{"id":"19fec61f-e6eb-461f-8bd8-619e0466f282","url":"/components/stickyicons/version-toggle","name":"Version Toggle","displayName":"Version Toggle","fields":{"Type":{"value":"EditionSwitcher"},"link":{"value":{"href":"","linktype":"internal"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/go-to-prof.png?h=70\u0026iar=0\u0026w=70","alt":"go-to-prof","width":"70","height":"70"}},"title":{"value":"Version Toggle"}}},{"id":"edad70d3-b8cd-4ce8-a9a7-822d4b184103","url":"/components/stickyicons/home-icon","name":"Home Icon","displayName":"Home Icon","fields":{"Type":{"value":""},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home","id":"{F03B08B6-D34F-523B-9C8D-CBE0828EE775}","querystring":"","text":"","anchor":"","title":"","class":"","url":"/home/home","linktype":"internal"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/go-to-home.png?h=70\u0026iar=0\u0026w=70","alt":"Home","width":"70","height":"70"}},"title":{"value":"Home"}}},{"id":"80b6d09f-8b42-44c0-9ffb-a0e4ad156fa3","url":"/components/stickyicons/resource-icon","name":"Resource Icon","displayName":"Resource Icon","fields":{"Type":{"value":""},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resource","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","querystring":"","id":"{06494BEE-D865-4C9D-9AE7-735E97869BFE}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/go-to-resource.png?h=70\u0026iar=0\u0026w=70","alt":"go-to-resource","width":"70","height":"70"}},"title":{"value":"Resource Icon"}}},{"id":"6c87a21f-bf37-4289-99b3-5f3f9e14022d","url":"/components/stickyicons/language-selector","name":"Language Selector","displayName":"Language Selector","fields":{"Type":{"value":"LanguageSwitcher"},"link":{"value":{"href":""}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/open-lang-selector.png?h=70\u0026iar=0\u0026w=70","alt":"open-lang-selector","width":"70","height":"70"}},"title":{"value":"Language Selector"}}},{"id":"6e7c1fff-ad0b-4bbb-afcc-8db01697f5f2","url":"/components/stickyicons/about","name":"About","displayName":"About","fields":{"Type":{"value":""},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","querystring":"","id":"{BA8E5F29-7CE6-4EEA-BF60-20CFF269803A}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/go-to-about.png?h=70\u0026iar=0\u0026w=70","alt":"go-to-about","width":"70","height":"70"}},"title":{"value":"About"}}}],"MoreIcons":[],"ComponentType":{"value":"RightToolbar"}},"placeholders":{"language-switcher":[],"edition-switcher":[]}}],"News":[],"Topic":[],"TopicDrugs":[],"TopicHead":[],"TopicLeftNavigation":[],"TopicMainContent":[],"TopicResources":[],"TopicSiblinks":[],"TopicSubNavigation":[],"jss-stickyfooter":[{"uid":"16f2a418-5477-42cc-bd70-3a12cd7cce00","componentName":"StickyFooter","dataSource":"{BA278DF3-9C98-40D4-9245-A7B7760A1905}","fields":{"StickyIcons":[{"id":"19fec61f-e6eb-461f-8bd8-619e0466f282","url":"/components/stickyicons/version-toggle","name":"Version Toggle","displayName":"Version Toggle","fields":{"Type":{"value":"EditionSwitcher"},"link":{"value":{"href":"","linktype":"internal"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/go-to-prof.png?h=70\u0026iar=0\u0026w=70","alt":"go-to-prof","width":"70","height":"70"}},"title":{"value":"Version Toggle"}}},{"id":"80b6d09f-8b42-44c0-9ffb-a0e4ad156fa3","url":"/components/stickyicons/resource-icon","name":"Resource Icon","displayName":"Resource Icon","fields":{"Type":{"value":""},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resource","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","querystring":"","id":"{06494BEE-D865-4C9D-9AE7-735E97869BFE}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/go-to-resource.png?h=70\u0026iar=0\u0026w=70","alt":"go-to-resource","width":"70","height":"70"}},"title":{"value":"Resource Icon"}}},{"id":"f91be975-a67d-4888-beae-09a48ed84e85","url":"/components/stickyicons/shareicon","name":"ShareIcon","displayName":"ShareIcon","fields":{"Type":{"value":"Share"},"link":{"value":{"href":""}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/icon_share_black.svg?h=32\u0026iar=0\u0026w=32","alt":"icon_share_black","width":"32","height":"32"}},"title":{"value":"Share"}}}],"MoreIcons":[{"id":"edad70d3-b8cd-4ce8-a9a7-822d4b184103","url":"/components/stickyicons/home-icon","name":"Home Icon","displayName":"Home Icon","fields":{"Type":{"value":""},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home","id":"{F03B08B6-D34F-523B-9C8D-CBE0828EE775}","querystring":"","text":"","anchor":"","title":"","class":"","url":"/home/home","linktype":"internal"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/go-to-home.png?h=70\u0026iar=0\u0026w=70","alt":"Home","width":"70","height":"70"}},"title":{"value":"Home"}}},{"id":"6e7c1fff-ad0b-4bbb-afcc-8db01697f5f2","url":"/components/stickyicons/about","name":"About","displayName":"About","fields":{"Type":{"value":""},"link":{"value":{"href":"/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","text":"","anchor":"","linktype":"internal","class":"","title":"","querystring":"","id":"{BA8E5F29-7CE6-4EEA-BF60-20CFF269803A}"}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/go-to-about.png?h=70\u0026iar=0\u0026w=70","alt":"go-to-about","width":"70","height":"70"}},"title":{"value":"About"}}},{"id":"c329cbaf-1771-46f4-8c9e-2cc745fc72dd","url":"/components/stickyicons/settings-icon","name":"Settings Icon","displayName":"Settings Icon","fields":{"Type":{"value":"Settings"},"link":{"value":{"href":""}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/open-settings.png?h=70\u0026iar=0\u0026w=70","alt":"open-settings","width":"70","height":"70"}},"title":{"value":"Settings"}}},{"id":"6c87a21f-bf37-4289-99b3-5f3f9e14022d","url":"/components/stickyicons/language-selector","name":"Language Selector","displayName":"Language Selector","fields":{"Type":{"value":"LanguageSwitcher"},"link":{"value":{"href":""}},"hide":{"value":false},"hovericon":{"value":{}},"icon":{"value":{"src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/sticky-icons/open-lang-selector.png?h=70\u0026iar=0\u0026w=70","alt":"open-lang-selector","width":"70","height":"70"}},"title":{"value":"Language Selector"}}}],"ComponentType":{"value":"StickyFooter"}},"placeholders":{"language-switcher":[],"edition-switcher":[],"TopicLeftNavigation":[],"TopicSiblinks":[]}}]}}}},"dictionary":{"AuthorModel":"Author","AlphabetLettersEN":"A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z","TTSok":"OK","TTSnotsupported":"Unfortunately, speech in the Ukranian language may not work in this browser.","ExpandAll":"Expand all","EditionName":"Home","CollapseAll":"Collapse all","AlphabetLetters":"A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z","Documentation":"Documentation","LabelText":"Hamburger Menu","TwitterTimelineText":"twitter timeline","MissionText":"mission","ExpandPopup":"Expand the","SearchPopOutText":"Search Pop-out","MobileSidebarText":"mobile sidebar","LargeFontSize":"Large font size","SelectPackage":"Select Package","SocialMediaShare":"Share in","MediumFontSize":"Medium font size","TopBanner":"Top Banner","JumpToTop":"Go To Top","SearchResultBox":"Search Result Promotional Box","DrugsTableViewButton":"View the drug table","CloseSidebarText":"close sidebar","DefaultFontSize":"Default font size","AboutAsideLinks":"About Links","AddtoAnyText":"add to any","Table":"Table","LabTest":"Lab Test","Podcast":"Podcast","SelfAssessment":"Self Assessment:","Introduction":"About","SearchNoResults":"No results for \"{0}\".","FeaturedLink":"Featured Link","IntroductionHeader":"About Drug Names","GenericName":"GENERIC NAME","ByGenericName":"Generic","ByBrandName":"Brand","BrandNames":"BRAND NAMES","Audio":"Audio","BiodigitalModel":"3D Model","VersionSwitch":"Version Switch","Info":"info","Resources":"Resources","Topic":"Topic","Stop":"Stop","SeeImage":"See Image","Slider":"Progress bar","Pause":"Pause","Play":"Play","Settings":"Settings","LinkCopied":"Link Copied","SavePPT":"save ppt","PPTDownload":"PPT Download","CopyLink":"Copy Link","QRCode":"QR Code","OpenWeChat":"Open WeChat","WeChatshare":"Copy the link and open WeChat to share","SharetoWeChat":"Share to WeChat","FindInTopic":"Find In Topic","Download":"Download","citation_BibTex":"BibTex","citation_EndNote":"EndNote","citation_RIS":"RIS (Reference Manager, ProCite)","DownloadCitations":"Download Citations","Sections":"Sections","AboutPage":"About Page","LanguageSwitcher":"Language Switcher","ResourcePage":"Resource Page","HomePage":"Home Page","EditionSwitcher":"Edition Switcher","TexttoSpeech":"Text to Speech","Print":"Print","SearchIntroductoryText":"\u003ch4\u003eAdvanced Search:\u003c/h4\u003e\r\n\u003cul\u003e\r\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse \u0026ldquo; \u0026ldquo; for exact phrases.\u003c/strong\u003e\r\n \u003cul\u003e\r\n \u003cli\u003eFor example: \u0026ldquo;pediatric abdominal pain\u0026rdquo;\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \u003c/ul\u003e\r\n \u003c/li\u003e\r\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse \u0026ndash; to remove results with certain keywords.\u003c/strong\u003e\r\n \u003cul\u003e\r\n \u003cli\u003eFor example: abdominal pain -pediatric\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \u003c/ul\u003e\r\n \u003c/li\u003e\r\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse OR to account for alternate keywords.\u003c/strong\u003e\r\n \u003cul\u003e\r\n \u003cli\u003eFor example: teenager OR adolescent\u003c/li\u003e\r\n \u003c/ul\u003e\r\n \u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e","SearchPlaceholderText":"Enter search terms to find related medical topics, multimedia and more.","SearchIndex":"Index","common.NoBrandNameText":"No brand name available","LetterspineSelected":"A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z","ClinicalCalculator":"Clinical Calculator","EveryDayWidget":"DID YOU KNOW...","Rehab":"Rehab","Procedure":"Procedure","Exam":"Exam","WhatsNew":"Recently Added","WasThisPageHelpfulYes":"Yes","WasThisPageHelpfulTitle":"Was This Page Helpful?","WasThisPageHelpfulNo":"No","ThisPageWasUnhelpful":"This page was unhelpful","ThisPageWasHelpful":"This page was helpful","ThankYouForYourFeedback":"Thank you for your feedback","VideoPrefix":"Video","Videos":"Videos","Tables":"Tables","Sidebars":"Sidebars","Podcasts":"Podcasts","LabTests":"Lab Tests","Images":"Images","Calculators":"Clinical Calculators","Biodigitals":"3D Models","Audios":"Audio","TopicResourcesTitle":"Topic Resources","TopicNavigationTitle":"IN THIS TOPIC","TablePrefix":"Table","Video":"video","Sound":"Sound","Sidebar":"Sidebar","PearlsAndPitfalls":"Pearls \u0026 Pitfalls","Figure":"Figure","DidYouKnow":"Did You Know","Carousel":"Carousel","Calculator":"Clinical Calculator","Biodigital":"3D Model","Animation":"Animation","ResourcesInThisArticleHeader":"Resources In This Article","ViewVideo":"View Video \u003e","ViewArticle":"View Article \u003e","View3DModel":"View 3D Model \u003e","RelatedContentHeader":"NEWS \u0026 VIDEOS","AllVideos":"All Videos \u003e","AllNews":"All News \u003e","All3DModels":"All 3D Models \u003e","QuickFacts":"Quick Facts","OthersAlsoRead":"Others also read","LastFullReview":"Last full review/revision","IntroducionToAcuteAbdomen":"Introducion to Acute Abdomen and Surgical Gastroentry","Healthwellness":"HEALTHY LIVING","GoToTopicNote":"View the full discussion for this topic","GoToQuickFactsNote":"Get the quick facts for this topic","GetTheFullDetails":"Get the full details","GetThe":"Get the","FullQuickFacts":"GET THE QUICK FACTS","ForThisTopic":"For this topic","TapHere":"Tap here for the","QuickFactsSwitchNote":"Patient Education","QuickFactsSwitchLabel":"Click here for","ProfessionalVersion":"Professional Version","Note":"Note","GoToReference":"This is the Consumer Version.","GoToManualEdition":"VIEW PROFESSIONAL VERSION","EditionToggleTooltip":"","EditionToggleDescription":"Tap to switch to the Professional version","Doctors":"DOCTORS:","ConsumerVersion":"Go to Consumer Version","Consumers":"CONSUMERS:","DrugsTableTradeNameColumn":"Select Brand Names","DrugsTableHeader":"Drugs Mentioned In This Article","DrugsTableDrugNameColumnTitle":"Generic Name","ContentLastModified":"Modified","AdditionalContentTitle":"Additional Content","AdditionalContentProceduralVideos":"Procedural Videos","OtherTopicsInThisChapter":"OTHER TOPICS IN THIS CHAPTER","BroughtToYouBy":"Brought to you by","LastRevisionText":"Reviewed/Revised","LetterspineLabel":"HEALTH TOPICS \u0026 CHAPTERS","TV":"Video News","ViewOnAnyDevice":"View On Any Device","TW":"TW","ViewAll":"View All","Top":"TOP","TestYourKnowledge":"Test your knowledge","Tags":"Tags:","StoreLanguageCookieConfirmation":"Proceed in","Share":"Share:","SeeMore":"See more","SetPreferredLanguageText":"Choose your preferred language","SearchResult_Video":"Video","SearchResult_Table":"Table","SearchResult_TopImagesFor":"Top images for {query}","SearchResult_SeeMoreImagesFor":"See more images for {query} \u003e","SearchResult_Quiz":"Quiz","SearchResult_Podcast":"Podcast","SearchResult_MedicalTopic":"Medical Topic","SearchResult_News":"News","SearchResult_LabTest":"Lab Test","SearchResult_Infographics":"Infographics","SearchResult_DrugMonograph":"Drug Monograph","SearchResult_ContentPage":"About Us","SearchResult_Calculator":"Calculator","SearchResult_Biodigital":"3D Model","SearchFilterGroup_Sections":"Refine by Section","SearchResult_Audio":"Audios","SearchFilter_Videos":"Videos","SearchFilter_Tables":"Tables","SearchFilter_Quizzes":"Quizzes","SearchFilter_RefineResults":"Refine Results","SearchFilter_Podcasts":"Podcasts","SearchFilter_MedicalTopics":"Medical Topics","SearchFilter_News":"News","SearchFilter_Infographics":"Infographics","SearchFilter_LabTests":"Lab Tests","SearchFilter_Images":"Images","SearchFilter_ContentPage":"About Us","SearchFilter_DrugMonograph":"Drugs","SearchFilter_BiodigitalModels":"3D Models","SearchFilter_Calculators":"Calculators","SearchFilter_Audios":"Audios","SearchFilter_AllTypes":"Select all","SearchFilter_AllSections":"Select all sections","Search_ShowAllSections":"[+] Show all sections","Search_More":"More","Search_BrandNames":"Brand Name(s)","Search":"Search","Results":"results","Redirecting":"Redirecting...","RegionRestrictionTopHeaderMessage":"This site is not intended for use in the Russian Federation","ReadMore":"To read more, visit ","QuickFactsIconText":"Quick Facts","QuickFactsLabel":"Quick Facts:","Query":"Query","Previous":"\u003c PREVIOUS","ParserError":"Error","NoResults":"No results","Next":"NEXT \u003e","More":"Read All","MetaTagEditionName":"Consumer","MManuals":"MSD Manuals","MManual":"MSD Manual","MedicalTopic":"Medical Topic","LoadMore":"Load More","Loading":"Loading","LearnMore":"Read All","LanguageSwitchOriginalTitle":"Original title:","LangSwitch_TopicNoMatch_Cancel":"Do not change language","LangSwitch_TopicNoMatch_Redirect":"Continue to chapter overview in target language","LangSwitch_TopicNoMatch":"No direct match for this article is available in the target language.","LangSwitch_TopicMultipleMatch":"There is more than one match for the current content in the new language, you will be redirected to a list of matching content","LangSwitch_TopicMultipleMatch_Redirect":"OK","LangSwitch_NewsNoMatch_Redirect":"Continue to news overview in target language","LangSwitch_NewsNoMatch_Cancel":"Do not change language","LangSwitch_NewsNoMatch":"No direct match for this article is available in the target language.","SearchResult_JustTheBasicsOnThisTopic":"Just the basics on this topic","SearchResult_JustTheBasics":"Just the basics","IncludeOnly":"Include only","Grid":"Grid","Featured":"Featured","FB":"FB","Error":"Error","CopyrightLabel":"Copyright","Details":"Details","ConnectWithUs":"Connect with us","Copyright":"Merck \u0026 Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. All rights reserved.","Chapter":"see","ClickToPlay":"Click to play","BySection":"By section","Apply":"Apply","ByName":"By name","AmICorrect":"AM I CORRECT?","All":"All","AccessConfirmationMessage":"Please confirm that you are not located inside the Russian Federation","AdditionalContentMedicalNews":"Medical News","AdditionalContentCaseStudies":"Case Studies","ExpandAllChapters":"Expand all","SectionsA-Z":"Sections (A-Z)","CollapseAllChapters":"Collapse all","QuickFactsTitle":"Quick Facts","KeyTopicsSectionTitle":"Quick Facts","KeyChaptersSectionTitle":"Key Chapters","FeaturedChaptersTitle":"Featured chapters","ChaptersAZTitle":"Chapters (A-Z)","SearchSearchInsteadFor":"Search Instead For","SearchSeeOtherEditionResults":"View The Professional Version results","SearchResultsForTitleTab":"Search results for:","SearchRelatedSearchesHere":"[Related searches here]","SearchResultsFor":"results for:","SearchRelatedSearches":"Related Searches","SearchPopularBrandNames":"Popular brand names:","SearchMoreLikeThis":"More","SearchMoreInfo":"Search More Info","SearchInTheNews":"In the News","SearchImagesRelatedTo":"Related Images","SearchFromTheOtherEdition":"From The Professional Version","SearchAllRelatedImages":"All Related Images","PleaseEnterTheQuery":"Please, enter the query you're looking for.","ResourcePageVideo":"Resource Page Video","EditorialNewsVideo":"Editorial News Video","Thumbnail":"Thumbnail","SortOrderAlphabetical":"Alphabetical","SortOrderBySection":"By Section","SortBy":"Sort By:","ShowMore":"Show All Items","ShowLess":"Show Fewer Items","SectionFilter":"Section Filter:","Section":"Section","RefineBy":"Refine By","RefineResults":"Refine Results","NotFound":"Not Found","Locations":"Locations","NoGroupOther":"Other","KeywordFilter":"Keyword:","ItemsFound":"items found","ItemsPerPage":"Items per page:","GoToLetter":"Go To Letter","GoToSection":"Go To Section","ContentTypeFilter":"Content Type Filter","ClearFilters":"Clear filters","ApplyFilters":"Apply","VideoNews":"Video News","News":"News","HealthDayTV":"HealthDay TV","HealthDay":"HealthDay","Commentary":"Commentary","AlmostDoctor":"Almost Doctor","Blog":"Blog","ShowDateRange":"Show for Date Range:","SiteTitle":"MSDManuals.com","ShowByType":"Show by Type:","RefinePlaceholderKeyword":"Enter Keyword","RefinePlaceholderTo":"To MM/DD/YYYY","RefinePlaceholderFrom":"From MM/DD/YYYY","NewsRelatedContent":"RELATED CONTENT","NewsPageRelatedNewsArticle":"Commented News Article","NewsPageNewsRelatedCommentary":"Related Commentary from our Editors","NewsPageRelatedCommentaryNewsArticle":"Commented News Article","NewsPageNewsAndCommentary":"Commentary","ViewHomeEdition":"View Consumer Version","ViewProfessionalEdition":"View Professional ","Japanese":"Japanese","English":"English","Espaniol":"Espaniol","Deutsch":"Deutsch","MonographHeader":"\u003ch2\u003e\r\n\u003cspan class=\"DSynonym\"\u003e\r\n Drug Information Provided by Elsevier\r\n\u003c/span\u003e\r\n\u003c/h2\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\r\n\u003ci\u003eThis information reflects approved US FDA prescribing information and may not reflect prescribing information in your country. Please consult a drug reference applicable to your country.\u003c/i\u003e\r\n\u003c/p\u003e","LexicompHeader":"\u003ch2\u003e\r\n\u003cspan class=\"DSynonym\"\u003e\r\n Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp\r\n\u003c/span\u003e\r\n\u003c/h2\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\r\n\u003ci\u003eThis information reflects approved US FDA prescribing information and may not reflect prescribing information in your country. Please consult a drug reference applicable to your country.\u003c/i\u003e\r\n\u003c/p\u003e","DrugPageName":"Drugs by Name, Generic and Brand","Editorial":"Editorial","SearchResult_Infobutton_Details":"Details","SearchResult_Infobutton_SectionChapter":"Section/Chapter:","InfobuttonTest":"Infobutton TEST","InfobuttonError":"Infobutton ERROR","InfobuttonMarketing":"Unfortunately, you have reached this page due to an unforeseen error. \r\n\r\nPlease contact us at info@msdmanualshealthlink.com \r\n","ViewBy":"View By:","Tree":"Tree","ExpandAllTopics":"Expand all","Overview":"Overview","CollapseAllTopics":"Collapse all","List":"List","table numonly":"","See table":"See table:","see table":"see Table:","See sidebar":"see","see sidebar":"see","see Page for Heading":"see","see page":"see","See page":"See","":"see","See heading on page":"See","see heading on page":"see","See figure":"See figure:","see figure":"see Figure:","See chapter":"See","see chapter":"see","See also page":"See also","see also page":"see also","See also heading on page":"See also","see also heading on page":"see also","See also Heading on Page":"See also","See":"See","See also Heading \u0026amp; Page":"See also","page numonly":"","in Chapter":"in","No Format Provided":"","figure numonly":"","heading on page":"","Fig #":"see","Fig hash on p":"in","described on p":"in","default":"see","chapter on page":"discussed in","ShowAll":"Show All","SocialMedia":"SOCIAL MEDIA","Show":"Show Popup","PastWeek":"Past week","PastMonth":"Past month","PastDay":"Past day","Latest":"Latest","AddToAnyPlatform":"Add to Any Platform","Related":"RELATED:","QuickLinks":"Quick Links","NewsViewModeHeader":"VIEW MODE","NewsViewMode_Condensed":"condensed","NewsViewMode_Normal":"normal","MoreCommentary":"MORE COMMENTARY","MedicalTopics":"Medical Topics","LatestNews":"LATEST NEWS","FollowUsOnTwitter":"Follow us on Twitter","FromTheMManual":"From the MSD Manual","Continue":"Continue","Follow":"Follow","By":"By","Title":"MSD MANUAL - Consumer Version","Section4Description":"Information that is clear and easy to understand on thousands of medical disorders and symptoms","Section4":"Photos, Videos, Animations and more!","Section3":"Authored by hundreds of top medical experts","Section3Description":"Information that is clear and easy to understand on thousands of medical disorders and symptoms","Section2Description":"Information that is clear and easy to understand on thousands of medical disorders and symptoms","Section2":"Free, and always will be","Section1Description":"Information that is clear and easy to understand on thousands of medical disorders and symptoms","Section1":"Thousands of topics in all medical fields","Description":"Description","WeiboTitle":"Weibo","WechatTextPart2":"to share.","WechatTitle":"Share to Wechat","WechatTextPart1":"Scan QR Code in WeChat and tap ","VKTitle":"VK","TwitterTitle":"TwitterTitle","TwitterText":"","QQTitle":"QQ","OdnoklassnikiTitle":"Odnoklassniki","MailTitle":"Mail","MailText":"The following topic from a MSD Manual has been sent to you: \r\n%0D%0A\r\n%0D%0A\r\n{title} \r\n%0D%0A\r\n%0D%0A\r\n{link} ","MailSubject":"The MSD Manuals - {title}","LinkedInTitle":"LinkedIn","GooglePlusTitle":"Google+","MoreTools":"More Tools","FacebookTitle":"Facebook","SearchBoxPlaceholderMobile":"Search","SearchBoxDescription":"Find information on medical topics, symptoms, drugs, procedures, news and more, written in everyday language.","SearchBoxPlaceholder":"Search","RecentNews":"Recent News","Quizzes":"quizzes","MoreQuizes":"More Quizes","Cases":"Cases","Quiz":"Quiz","Infographic":"Infographics","Image":"Image","CaseStudy":"Case Study","OnTheAppStore":" - On the App Store","Price":"Free","InGooglePlay":" - In Google Play","ButtonText":"View","LanguageFallbackTitle":"Language Fallback","LanguageFallbackNumOfVersions":"NUM OF VERSIONS:","LanguageFallbackModel":"MODEL:","LanguageFallbackItemLanguage":"ITEM LANGUAGE:","LanguageFallbackContextLanguage":"CONTEXT LANGUAGE:","Subtitle":"The trusted provider of medical information since 1899","LetterSpineButton":"A-Z","AlsoOfInterestTitle":"Also of Interest","Caption":"Click for an interactive experience","AlsoOfInterestTestYour":"Test your ","AlsoOfInterestStudentStory":"\u003cb\u003eSTUDENT\u003c/b\u003eSTORIES","AlsoOfInterestMoreStudentStories":"More Student Stories","AlsoOfInterestMoreVideos":"More Videos","AlsoOfInterestMoreNews":"More News","AlsoOfInterestMoreQuizzes":"More Quizzes","AlsoOfInterestKnowledge":"knowledge","AlsoOfInterestJoinUsOnFacebook":"Join Us On Facebook","AlsoOfInterestAMedicalEducationBlog":"A MEDICAL EDUCATION BLOG","AlsoOfInterestFollowUsOnTwitter":"Follow Us On Twitter","Infographics":"Infographics","Figures":"Figures","CaseStudies":"Case Studies","ViewAllSymptoms":"ALL SYMPTOMS","ViewAllResources":"View All Resources","ViewAllProcedures":"View All Procedures \u003e","ViewAllNews":"View All News \u003e","ViewAllHealthTopics":"View All Health Topics","Home":"Home","CommonHealthVetTopics":"Common Veterinary Topics","CommonHealthTopics":"Common Health Topics","ShowDetails":"Show Details","MediaName_SelfAssesment":"Self-Assessment","MultiMediaLocations":"In these topics","HideDetails":"Hide Details","Close":"Close","Search Information Text":"Search by Name - Generic or Brand","RouteSpecificPharmacokinetics":"Route-Specific Pharmacokinetics","RenalImpairment":"Renal Impairment","Pharmacokinetics":"Pharmacokinetics","PregnancyAndLactation":"Pregnancy And Lactation","ParentMonographHeaderTwo":"Related Drugs","ParentMonographHeaderOne":"Refer to route specific","MonographTitle":"Drug Information","NoBrandNameText":"No brand name available","MonographAriaLabel":"Search Drug","MechanismOfAction":"Mechanism Of Action","MaximumDosageLimits":"Maximum Dosage Limits","LetterspineTitleText":"Generic Drug Names A - Z","LastRevisionDate":"Reviewed/Revised","IndicationSpecificDosing":"Indication Specific Dosing","Interactions":"Interactions","HttpStatusCode":"Http Status Code","DosageAdjustmentGuidelines":"Dosage Adjustment Guidelines","Hepatic Impairment":"Hepatic Impairment","ContraindicationsAndPrecaution":"Contraindications And Precaution","BrandName":"Brand Names","Administration":"Administration","AdverseReaction":"Adverse Reaction","Stay":"Cancel ","ExternalLinkConfirmationPopupTitle":"Leave this Site? ","Proceed":"Continue ","Numbers":"0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9","ExternalLinkConfirmationPopupDescription":"The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site.","WatchVideo":"WATCH VIDEO","Alphabet":"A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z","ChooseVersion":"Choose the version that best meets your needs","AboutSection":"About","Yes":"Yes","No":"No","FromMenu":"or click start icon on the right side of the address bar to add a bookmark.","Shortcut":"You can add this page to your bookmarks by pressing ","PreviousTopic":"Up Next:","PersonalizedProfilePicture":"Profile Picture of","NextTopic":"Up Next:","DefaultProfilePicture":"Default Profile Picture","AuthorImage":"Author Profile Picture","CloseText":"close","FromDateText":"Start Date","ToDateText":"End Date","SearchText":"Search","SearchQueryText":"Search query","PrintText":"print","LoadingProgress":"Loading...","MoreInformation":"More Information","PreviousText":"Previous","Indicator":"Indicator","ViewOurText":"View Our {0} Page","NextText":"Next","SkipToMainContent":"skip to main content","Essential":"Essential Accessibility","ChannelText":"View our {0} Channel","TooltipReadMore":"read more","TranslatedBy":"Translated by","Source":"Source:","SocialMediaFollowUs":"follow us on","SidebarAdditionalContent":"ADDITIONAL CONTENT\r\n","SelectLanguageText":"Select Language","OverviewTerm":"Overview","SearchResultFor":"For:","PearlOfTheDay":"PEARL OF THE DAY\r\n","IntroductionTerm":"Introduction","Menu":"Menu","LangSwitch_OtherLanguages":"Other Languages","Letterspine":"Letterspine","BreadcrumbEllipsis":"Breadcrumb Ellipsis. Click to expand","DrugPageMobileLetters":"Letter Navigation","AboutPageLastModified":"Content last modified","Breadcrumb":"Breadcrumb","Consumer Version":"home","Professional Version":"professional","Dark Theme":"dark theme","Light Theme":"light theme","Calender":"Calender","Professional Edition":"Professional","General":"title - Explore from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.","Disease":"title - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis \u0026 treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.","Biology":"title and section - Learn about from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.\r\n","SectionSeoDescription":"Learn about SectionName symptoms, diagnosis and treatment in the MSD Manual. HCP and Vet versions too!","SeoDescription":"Learn about $TopicName symptoms, diagnosis and treatment in the MSD Manual. HCP and Vet versions too!","AlphabetText":"Alphabet","MedStudentStory":"STUDENT STORIES","article":"ARTICLE","ManualNameText":"MSD Manual Consumer Version"},"componentProps":{"e9f7d815-6750-4275-906a-f790d8d502cd":{"alternate":null},"2c4d460c-8235-45e1-be15-8219466de984":{"langswitcher":{"uid":"2c4d460c-8235-45e1-be15-8219466de984","componentName":"LanguageSwitcher","dataSource":"{BA74C78B-E5B7-4670-99AA-9FA46DD004B1}","fields":{"data":{"item":{"displayName":"LanguageSwitcherSettings","DisableLanguageDropDown":null,"ShowOtherLanguagesInDropdown":{"value":""},"Logo":{"height":32,"width":32,"alt":"open-lang-selector","src":"//manual/sticky-icons/open-lang-selector.png","title":""},"LanguagesForDropdown":{"targetItems":[{"displayName":"de","name":"de"},{"displayName":"en","name":"en"},{"displayName":"es","name":"es"},{"displayName":"fr","name":"fr"},{"displayName":"it","name":"it"},{"displayName":"ja","name":"ja"},{"displayName":"ko","name":"ko"},{"displayName":"pt","name":"pt"},{"displayName":"ru","name":"ru"},{"displayName":"zh","name":"zh"},{"displayName":"ar","name":"ar"},{"displayName":"hi","name":"hi"},{"displayName":"sw","name":"sw"}]}},"datasource":{"children":{"results":[{"name":"en","displayName":"en","nativeName":{"value":"ENGLISH"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"ENGLISH"}},{"name":"vi","displayName":"vi","nativeName":{"value":"Tiếng Việt"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"Vietnamese"}},{"name":"ar","displayName":"ar","nativeName":{"value":"العربية"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"ARABIC"}},{"name":"de","displayName":"de","nativeName":{"value":"Deutsch"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"GERMAN"}},{"name":"en-US","displayName":"en-US","nativeName":{"value":"ENGLISH"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":""}},{"name":"es","displayName":"es","nativeName":{"value":"ESPAÑOL"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"SPANISH"}},{"name":"es-US","displayName":"es-US","nativeName":{"value":"ESPAÑOL"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":""}},{"name":"hi","displayName":"hi","nativeName":{"value":"हिन्दी"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"HINDI"}},{"name":"it","displayName":"it","nativeName":{"value":"Italiano"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"ITALIAN"}},{"name":"pt","displayName":"pt","nativeName":{"value":"Português"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"PORTUGUESE"}},{"name":"ru","displayName":"ru","nativeName":{"value":"РУССКИЙ"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"RUSSIAN"}},{"name":"sw","displayName":"sw","nativeName":{"value":"Kiswahili"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"Kiswahili"}},{"name":"uk","displayName":"uk","nativeName":{"value":"УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"UKRAINIAN"}},{"name":"ko","displayName":"ko","nativeName":{"value":"한국어"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"KOREAN"}},{"name":"zh","displayName":"zh","nativeName":{"value":"中文"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"CHINESE"}},{"name":"ja","displayName":"ja","nativeName":{"value":"日本語"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"JAPANESE"}},{"name":"fr","displayName":"fr","nativeName":{"value":"FRANÇAIS"},"CurrentLanguageName":{"value":"FRENCH"}}]}}}}}},"903ce423-d427-4892-9c49-34edfe5af927":{"redirectUrl":"/professional/resourcespages/about-the-msd-manuals","standalonepage":"","enabledData":[{"ContentType":{"value":"Photo"}},{"ContentType":{"value":"Topic"}}],"addtoanyData":{"AdditionalSocialChannelsPrioritizeServices":{"targetItems":[{"id":"F1245E3E3A4546ADB0864CC0F7BB695F","name":"Facebook","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"facebook"},"icon":{"height":32,"width":32,"alt":"facebook","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/facebook.svg","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":"https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=\u003csurl\u003e\u0026quote="}},{"id":"EE73C36881DD4F5FB27E0E914513AD4A","name":"WhatsApp","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"whatsapp"},"icon":{"height":32,"width":32,"alt":"whatsapp","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/whatsup.svg","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":"https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=\u003cstitle\u003e%20\u003csurl\u003e"}},{"id":"32CA84FBB8F94B85BD7E3565AB117C9D","name":"x","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"x"},"icon":{"height":24,"width":24,"alt":"x","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/x.png","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":"https://x.com/intent/tweet?text=\u003cstitle\u003e%20\u003csurl\u003e"}},{"id":"FFFC0D7C2C3D42AEB81D9DEAA33AFDF0","name":"Telegram","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"telegram"},"icon":{"height":32,"width":32,"alt":"telegram","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/telegram.svg","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":"https://telegram.me/share/url?url=\u003csurl\u003e\u0026text=\u003cstitle\u003e"}},{"id":"399B52539D1F4C12BEDB012FEFF78E9F","name":"snapchat","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"snapchat"},"icon":{"height":null,"width":null,"alt":"snapchat","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/snapchat.svg","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":"https://www.snapchat.com/scan?attachmentUrl=\u003csurl\u003e"}},{"id":"4BEA756558B64FEB89B70FE00371A2DA","name":"messenger","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"messenger"},"icon":{"height":32,"width":32,"alt":"messanger","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/messenger.svg","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":"https://m.me/||https://m.facebook.com/messages/compose"}},{"id":"E7C5D1F7924742B98D194C0FBA1AD960","name":"Pinterest","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"pinterest"},"icon":{"height":32,"width":32,"alt":"pintrest","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/pinterest.svg","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":""}}]},"AdditionalIcons":{"targetItems":[{"name":"Copy Link","id":"E03E7CF712504C93869B654EC76394B8","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"Copy Link"},"icon":{"height":32,"width":32,"alt":"copylink","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/copylink.svg","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":""}},{"name":"PPT CV","id":"1E4224AF4D254CE28CFBDF9E9EED24F4","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"PPT"},"icon":{"height":26,"width":26,"alt":"ppt","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/ppt-cv.png","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":""}},{"name":"PPT MVM","id":"2C6FEAC18A894C8DB099DDF0738AB55B","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"PPT"},"icon":{"height":26,"width":26,"alt":"ppt","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/ppt-mvm.png","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":""}},{"name":"PPT PV","id":"7D620286B0D34E9681EE4146F3D45767","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"PPT"},"icon":{"height":26,"width":26,"alt":"ppt","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/ppt-pv.png","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":""}},{"name":"QR","id":"D035E3368218442A875D8A997BCDB708","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"QR"},"icon":{"height":32,"width":32,"alt":"qr","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/qr.png","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":""}},{"name":"citation","id":"298E1AC9175C4898940C5A691D722733","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"Citation"},"icon":{"height":32,"width":32,"alt":"citation","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/citation.png","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":""}},{"name":"Reddit","id":"6CD301F8F0A545DE8F3C28858251D3F8","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"reddit"},"icon":{"height":null,"width":null,"alt":"Reddit","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/reddit.svg","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":"https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=\u003csurl\u003e\u0026title=\u003cstitle\u003e"}},{"name":"Quora","id":"B5F7DF8687744019973B63EB19941425","PrioritizeServiceName":{"value":"Quora"},"icon":{"height":50,"width":50,"alt":"quora","src":"https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/mmanual-ssq1ci05/media/manual/icons/addtoany/quora.png","title":""},"ShareUrl":{"value":"https://quora.com/"}}]}}},"bc3c5b7f-a2dd-44b9-90d9-b45380a50b33":{"context":"","layoutData":{"htmltotextpageTitle":"Overview of the MSD Manuals","htmltotextpageName":"About The Manuals"}},"94d783e0-8321-401b-bdae-8d9f6abf8f70":{"items":[{"title":"Home","url":"/home"},{"title":"About the MSD Manuals","url":"/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals"}],"schema":{"itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@type":"Thing","@id":"/home","name":"Home"},"position":1},{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@type":"Thing","@id":"/home/resourcespages/about-the-manuals","name":"About the MSD Manuals"},"position":2}]},"IsBreadcrumbSchema":{"value":""}},"253c5f27-98e3-4540-9ac9-73839895f51d":{"date":"Aug 2023"}}},"__N_SSG":true},"page":"/[site]/resourcespages/[...path]","query":{"site":"home","path":["about-the-manuals"]},"buildId":"0VPv3WN8h5c7DScvUUIWt","assetPrefix":"/home","isFallback":false,"gsp":true,"locale":"en","locales":["en","en-us","de","es","fr","ar","ko","it","pt","ru","zh","en-ca","es-us","fr-ca","hi","ja-jp","sw"],"defaultLocale":"en","domainLocales":[{"domain":"use-p-sc-nextc.merckmanuals.com","defaultLocale":"en-us","http":false},{"domain":"use-p-sc-nextc.msdmanuals.com","defaultLocale":"en","http":false}],"scriptLoader":[]}</script></body></html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10