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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-식" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#식"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>식</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-식-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>식 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-식-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-겉보기등급과_절대등급" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#겉보기등급과_절대등급"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>겉보기등급과 절대등급</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-겉보기등급과_절대등급-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-두_별의_밝기_차이" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#두_별의_밝기_차이"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>두 별의 밝기 차이</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-두_별의_밝기_차이-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-예시:_태양과_달" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#예시:_태양과_달"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>예시: 태양과 달</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-예시:_태양과_달-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-겉보기등급_표" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#겉보기등급_표"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>겉보기등급 표</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-겉보기등급_표-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">겉보기등급</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 75개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheinbare_Helligkeit" title="Scheinbare Helligkeit – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Scheinbare Helligkeit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="قدر ظاهري – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قدر ظاهري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnit%C3%BA_aparente" title="Magnitú aparente – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Magnitú aparente" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C9%99n_ulduz_%C3%B6l%C3%A7%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Görünən ulduz ölçüsü – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Görünən ulduz ölçüsü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Бачная зорная велічыня – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бачная зорная велічыня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Видима звездна величина – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Видима звездна величина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আপাত মান – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আপাত মান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prividna_magnituda" title="Prividna magnituda – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prividna magnituda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitud_aparent" title="Magnitud aparent – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Magnitud aparent" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C4%9Bzdn%C3%A1_velikost" title="Hvězdná velikost – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hvězdná velikost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheinbare_Helligkeit" title="Scheinbare Helligkeit – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Scheinbare Helligkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Φαινόμενο μέγεθος – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φαινόμενο μέγεθος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Apparent magnitude" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cajna_magnitudo" title="Ŝajna magnitudo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝajna magnitudo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitud_aparente" title="Magnitud aparente – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Magnitud aparente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4hesuurus" title="Tähesuurus – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tähesuurus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itxurazko_magnitude" title="Itxurazko magnitude – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itxurazko magnitude" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="قدر ظاهری – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قدر ظاهری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudi_(t%C3%A4htitiede)" title="Magnitudi (tähtitiede) – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Magnitudi (tähtitiede)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_apparente" title="Magnitude apparente – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Magnitude apparente" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiinboor_magnituud" title="Skiinboor magnituud – 북부 프리지아어" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Skiinboor magnituud" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="북부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" title="Magnitude aparente – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Magnitude aparente" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA" title="בהירות נראית – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בהירות נראית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सापेक्ष कांतिमान – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सापेक्ष कांतिमान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prividna_magnituda" title="Prividna magnituda – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prividna magnituda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayitid_aparan" title="Mayitid aparan – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mayitid aparan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnit%C3%BAd%C3%B3" title="Magnitúdó – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Magnitúdó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տեսանելի աստղային մեծություն – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տեսանելի աստղային մեծություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_apparente" title="Magnitude apparente – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Magnitude apparente" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudo_semu" title="Magnitudo semu – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Magnitudo semu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudine_apparente" title="Magnitudine apparente – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Magnitudine apparente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%81%91%E3%81%AE%E7%AD%89%E7%B4%9A" title="見かけの等級 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="見かけの等級" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94" title="ვარსკვლავიერი სიდიდე – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვარსკვლავიერი სიდიდე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azal_amaskad" title="Azal amaskad – 커바일어" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azal amaskad" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="커바일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qedra_zahir%C3%AE" title="Qedra zahirî – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qedra zahirî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudo_apparens" title="Magnitudo apparens – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Magnitudo apparens" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visuell_Magnitude" title="Visuell Magnitude – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Visuell Magnitude" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regimasis_ry%C5%A1kis" title="Regimasis ryškis – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Regimasis ryškis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redzamais_spo%C5%BEums" title="Redzamais spožums – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Redzamais spožums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Привидна ѕвездена величина – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Привидна ѕвездена величина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ദൃശ്യകാന്തിമാനം – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദൃശ്യകാന്തിമാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="आभासी दृश्यप्रत – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आभासी दृश्यप्रत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitud_ketara" title="Magnitud ketara – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Magnitud ketara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schijnbare_magnitude" title="Schijnbare magnitude – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schijnbare magnitude" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilsynelatande_storleiksklasse" title="Tilsynelatande storleiksklasse – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tilsynelatande storleiksklasse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilsynelatende_st%C3%B8rrelsesklasse" title="Tilsynelatende størrelsesklasse – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tilsynelatende størrelsesklasse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitud_aparenta" title="Magnitud aparenta – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Magnitud aparenta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamma_gonkaa" title="Hamma gonkaa – 오로모어" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hamma gonkaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="오로모어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸਾਪੇਖ ਕਾਂਤੀਮਾਨ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਪੇਖ ਕਾਂਤੀਮਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obserwowana_wielko%C5%9B%C4%87_gwiazdowa" title="Obserwowana wielkość gwiazdowa – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obserwowana wielkość gwiazdowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" title="Magnitude aparente – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Magnitude aparente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitudine_aparent%C4%83" title="Magnitudine aparentă – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Magnitudine aparentă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Видимая звёздная величина – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Видимая звёздная величина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnit%C3%B9dini_apparenti" title="Magnitùdini apparenti – 시칠리아어" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Magnitùdini apparenti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="시칠리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prividna_magnituda" title="Prividna magnituda – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prividna magnituda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%98%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="දෘශ්‍ය විශාලත්වය – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දෘශ්‍ය විශාලත්වය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)" title="Magnitude (astronomy) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Magnitude (astronomy)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdanliv%C3%A1_hviezdna_ve%C4%BEkos%C5%A5" title="Zdanlivá hviezdna veľkosť – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zdanlivá hviezdna veľkosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navidezni_sij" title="Navidezni sij – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Navidezni sij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Привидна звездана величина – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Привидна звездана величина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skenbar_magnitud" title="Skenbar magnitud – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skenbar magnitud" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwangaza_unaoonekana" title="Mwangaza unaoonekana – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwangaza unaoonekana" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D" title="தோற்ற ஒளிப்பொலிவெண் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தோற்ற ஒளிப்பொலிவெண்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8F" title="โชติมาตรปรากฏ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โชติมาตรปรากฏ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliwanag_na_kalakhan" title="Maliwanag na kalakhan – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Maliwanag na kalakhan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadir_(astronomi)" title="Kadir (astronomi) – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kadir (astronomi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Йолдызча зурлык – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Йолдызча зурлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Видима зоряна величина – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Видима зоряна величина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/65Cyb-LB3-apmag.jpg/310px-65Cyb-LB3-apmag.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/65Cyb-LB3-apmag.jpg/465px-65Cyb-LB3-apmag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/65Cyb-LB3-apmag.jpg/620px-65Cyb-LB3-apmag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2203" data-file-height="1784" /></a><figcaption>소행성 Cybele와 (절대등급 11.6)과 HD 217121 (절대등급 8.7)과 HD 216932 (절대등급 9.1)의 절대등급을 비교했다. 두 항성은 50mm이상의 쌍안경으로 보인다. 이 사진 오른쪽 위 HD216932 주위에 은하 PGC 194570과 PGC 101645가 보인다.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>겉보기등급</b>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">Apparent magnitude</span>) 또는 <b>실시등급</b>(實視等級)은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1" title="항성">별</a>의 밝기를 측정하는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84" title="단위">단위</a>이다. 천문학자 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%88%ED%8C%8C%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4" title="히파르코스">히파르코스</a>가 <a href="/wiki/%EB%88%88_(%ED%95%B4%EB%B6%80%ED%95%99)" title="눈 (해부학)">눈</a>으로 보았을 때 가장 밝은 별을 1등급, 가장 어두운 별을 6등급으로 해서 구분한 것이 시초이다. 그리고 19세기에 이르러 영국의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%85%B8%EB%A8%BC_%ED%8F%AC%EA%B7%B8%EC%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="노먼 포그슨 (없는 문서)">노먼 포그슨</a>이 빛 측정장치를 이용하여 1등급 별의 밝기는 6등급 별의 밝기의 약 100배임을 밝혀냈다. 이를 근거로 현대 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="천문학">천문학</a>에서는 6등급을 1등급보다 100배 어두운 별로 정의한다. 즉, 1등급 별보다 2등급 별은 100<sup>1/5</sup> = 약 2.512배 어둡다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EB%8C%80%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" title="절대등급">절대등급</a>은 항성의 본래의 밝기이며, 지구로부터 10<a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%84%B9" title="파섹">파섹</a>(약 32.6<a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%85%84" title="광년">광년</a>)의 거리에 두었다고 가정했을 때의 밝기이다. 겉보기등급이 가장 높은 천체는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a>인데, 태양의 경우 절대등급은 4.8등급이고, 겉보기등급은 -26.8등급이다.<sup id="cite_ref-AAVSO_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAVSO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>안시등급(眼視等級)은 맨 눈으로 보았을 때의 등급이며, 겉보기등급은 맨 눈, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="망원경">망원경</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%84%EA%B1%B4%ED%8C%90" title="사진건판">사진건판</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A1%ED%8B%B0%EB%B8%8C_%ED%94%BD%EC%85%80_%EC%84%BC%EC%84%9C" title="액티브 픽셀 센서">액티브 픽셀 센서</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9%EC%86%8C%EC%9E%90" title="전하결합소자">전하결합소자</a> 등을 포함하여 보았을 때 등급이다.<sup id="cite_ref-macrobert2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macrobert2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="식"><span id=".EC.8B.9D"></span>식</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 식"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>안시 유무<sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD-mag6.5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-mag6.5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>겉보기 등급 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EA%B0%80" title="베가">베가</a>와<br />밝기 비교 </th> <th>밤에 겉보기등급보다<br />밝은 별 개수<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9">예 </td> <td>−1.0</td> <td>251%</td> <td>1 (<a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="시리우스">시리우스</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>0.0</td> <td>100%</td> <td>4 <small>(시리우스, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%85%B8%ED%91%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="카노푸스">카노푸스</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%BC%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EC%95%8C%ED%8C%8C" title="센타우루스자리 알파">센타우루스자리 알파</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%81%AC%ED%88%AC%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="아크투루스">아크투루스</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>1.0</td> <td>40%</td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>2.0</td> <td>16%</td> <td>48 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>3.0</td> <td>6.3%</td> <td>171 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>4.0</td> <td>2.5%</td> <td>513 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>5.0</td> <td>1.0%</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003160200000000000♠"></span>1602</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>6.0</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003480000000000000♠"></span>4800</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>6.5</td> <td>0.25%</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003910000000000000♠"></span>9100</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">아니오 </td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>7.0</td> <td>0.16%</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004140000000000000♠"></span>14<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>8.0</td> <td>0.063%</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004420000000000000♠"></span>42<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>9.0</td> <td>0.025%</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005121000000000000♠"></span>121<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10.0</td> <td>0.010%</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005340000000000000♠"></span>340<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="겉보기등급과_절대등급"><span id=".EA.B2.89.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0.EB.93.B1.EA.B8.89.EA.B3.BC_.EC.A0.88.EB.8C.80.EB.93.B1.EA.B8.89"></span>겉보기등급과 절대등급</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 겉보기등급과 절대등급"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>지구로부터 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e85ff03cbe0c7341af6b982e47e9f90d235c66ab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.216ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d}"></span> 파섹의 거리에 있는 천체의 겉보기 등급 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}"></span> 와 절대등급 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}"></span>의 사이에는 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M=m-5(\log _{10}{d}-1)\!\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M=m-5(\log _{10}{d}-1)\!\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eb36a958ecc181756b3d172bf186ba9c6c5f0cc1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.847ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M=m-5(\log _{10}{d}-1)\!\,}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d=10^{\frac {m-M+5}{5}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d=10^{\frac {m-M+5}{5}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d354156e51888e43363a18909f7588743eebdc42" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:13.024ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d=10^{\frac {m-M+5}{5}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>의 관계가 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-하이탑_8_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-하이탑_8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="두_별의_밝기_차이"><span id=".EB.91.90_.EB.B3.84.EC.9D.98_.EB.B0.9D.EA.B8.B0_.EC.B0.A8.EC.9D.B4"></span>두 별의 밝기 차이</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 두 별의 밝기 차이"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>두 별의 밝기 차이에는 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{x}=-5\log _{100}\left({\frac {F_{x}}{F_{x,0}}}\right),}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5</mn> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>100</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{x}=-5\log _{100}\left({\frac {F_{x}}{F_{x,0}}}\right),}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/63248c1c3ac9bb6cd836e2f324f349ca1a7c5cbd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:24.19ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{x}=-5\log _{100}\left({\frac {F_{x}}{F_{x,0}}}\right),}"></span></dd></dl> <p>의 관계가 있다. 이 식을 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%EC%9A%A9%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8" title="상용로그">상용로그</a>로 바꾼 다면, </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{x}=-2.5\log _{10}\left({\frac {F_{x}}{F_{x,0}}}\right),}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2.5</mn> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{x}=-2.5\log _{10}\left({\frac {F_{x}}{F_{x,0}}}\right),}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8115ebb537d0d5cdd0b36b4f8ab593b0f1ce52de" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:25.177ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{x}=-2.5\log _{10}\left({\frac {F_{x}}{F_{x,0}}}\right),}"></span></dd></dl> <p>로 나타낼 수 있다. 식을 정리하면 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {F_{2}}{F_{1}}}=100^{\frac {\Delta m}{5}}=10^{0.4\Delta m}\approx 2.512^{\Delta m}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>100</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0.4</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>≈</mo> <msup> <mn>2.512</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {F_{2}}{F_{1}}}=100^{\frac {\Delta m}{5}}=10^{0.4\Delta m}\approx 2.512^{\Delta m}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/629225d9cd46dddc606b34fa74997eb85b9c03c5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:35.976ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {F_{2}}{F_{1}}}=100^{\frac {\Delta m}{5}}=10^{0.4\Delta m}\approx 2.512^{\Delta m}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>로 나타낼 수 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="예시:_태양과_달"><span id=".EC.98.88.EC.8B.9C:_.ED.83.9C.EC.96.91.EA.B3.BC_.EB.8B.AC"></span>예시: 태양과 달</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 예시: 태양과 달"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em; text-align: center;"> <caption>망원경의 한계 등급<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>망원경 구경<br />(mm) </th> <th>한계등급 </th></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td>11.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 </td> <td>12.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>102 </td> <td>13.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>152 </td> <td>14.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>203 </td> <td>14.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>305 </td> <td>15.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>406 </td> <td>15.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>508 </td> <td>16.4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>태양은 보름달의 밝기의 몇 배 밝은 것인가?</i> </p><p>태양(밝은 천체)의 겉보기 등급은 −26.74이다. 보름달(어두운 천체)의 평균 등급은 −12.74이다. </p><p>밝기 차이 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=m_{1}-m_{2}=(-12.74)-(-26.74)=14.00.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>12.74</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>26.74</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>14.00.</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=m_{1}-m_{2}=(-12.74)-(-26.74)=14.00.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22c8f4b563be186ff589d5f8cf69bc3edbf2444d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:46.267ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=m_{1}-m_{2}=(-12.74)-(-26.74)=14.00.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>밝기 양 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{b}=10^{0.4x}=10^{0.4\times 14.00}\approx 398\,107.17.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0.4</mn> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0.4</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>14.00</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>398</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>107.17.</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{b}=10^{0.4x}=10^{0.4\times 14.00}\approx 398\,107.17.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d0f3371ecb9b309037974745b38e63e612fa27b0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:37.622ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{b}=10^{0.4x}=10^{0.4\times 14.00}\approx 398\,107.17.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>태양은 보름달 보다 <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005400000000000000♠"></span>400<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span></span>배 밝다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="겉보기등급_표"><span id=".EA.B2.89.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0.EB.93.B1.EA.B8.89_.ED.91.9C"></span>겉보기등급 표</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 겉보기등급 표"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89_%EC%88%9C_%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="겉보기등급 순 항성 목록">겉보기등급 순 항성 목록</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <p>나열된 규모 중 일부는 근사치다. 망원경 감도는 노출 시간, 빛의 통과 대역, 산란 및 대기광으로 인한 간섭광에 따라 달라진다. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>밝기 </th> <th>천체 </th> <th>기준점 </th> <th>비고 </th></tr> <tr> <td>−67.57</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EB%A7%88%EC%84%A0_%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="감마선 폭발">감마선 폭발</a> <a href="/wiki/GRB_080319B" title="GRB 080319B">GRB 080319B</a></td> <td>1 AU</td> <td>지구에서 볼 때 태양보다 2경 배 이상 밝을 것이다. </td></tr> <tr> <td>−41.39 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%A1%B0%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_OB2-12" title="백조자리 OB2-12">백조자리 OB2-12</a> </td> <td>1 AU </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−40.67 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M33-013406.63" title="M33-013406.63">M33-013406.63</a> </td> <td>1 AU </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>–40.17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%EA%B3%A8%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EC%97%90%ED%83%80" title="용골자리 에타">용골자리 에타</a> A </td> <td>1 AU </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−40.07</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B0%88%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EC%A0%9C%ED%83%801" title="전갈자리 제타1">전갈자리 제타<sup>1</sup></a></td> <td>1 AU </td></tr> <tr> <td>−39.66</td> <td><a href="/wiki/R136a1" title="R136a1">R136a1</a></td> <td>1 AU</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>–39.47</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%A1%B0%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_P" title="백조자리 P">백조자리 P</a></td> <td>1 AU</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−38.00</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EA%B2%94" title="리겔">리겔</a></td> <td>1 AU</td> <td>35 ° 시지름의 커다랗고 밝은 청색의 원반으로 보일 것이다. </td></tr> <tr> <td>−30.30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="시리우스">시리우스</a> A</td> <td>1 AU</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−29.30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a></td> <td>근일점의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%84%B1" title="수성">수성</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−27.40</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a></td> <td>근일점의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%84%B1" title="금성">금성</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−26.74</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="지구">지구</a><sup id="cite_ref-sun-fact_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sun-fact-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%A6%84%EB%8B%AC" title="보름달">보름달</a> 보다 400,000배 밝다. </td></tr> <tr> <td>−25.60</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a></td> <td>원일점의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%84%B1" title="화성">화성</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−25.00</td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i>일반적인 눈에 약간의 통증을 일으키는 최소 밝기.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−23.00</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a></td> <td>원일점의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%EC%84%B1" title="목성">목성</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−21.70</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a></td> <td>원일점의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%84%B1" title="토성">토성</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−20.20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a></td> <td>원일점의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="천왕성">천왕성</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−19.30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="해왕성">해왕성</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−18.20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a></td> <td>원일점의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="명왕성">명왕성</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−17.70</td> <td>지구</td> <td>달 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%AC" title="달">달</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0" title="지구조">지구조</a>를 볼 때<sup id="cite_ref-Agrawal_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agrawal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−16.70</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a></td> <td>원일점의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%99%9C%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1)" title="에리스 (왜행성)">에리스</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−14.2</td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i>1 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%AD%EC%8A%A4" title="럭스">럭스</a>의 밝기</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IM08_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IM08-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−12.90</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%A6%84%EB%8B%AC" title="보름달">보름달</a></td> <td>근일점의 지구</td> <td>근지점+근일점 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%A6%84%EB%8B%AC" title="보름달">보름달</a>의 최대 밝기 (평균 거리 등급은 −12.74다.<sup id="cite_ref-moon-fact_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moon-fact-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EA%B1%B0_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="시라이거 효과 (없는 문서)">시라이거 효과</a>를 포함한다면, 등급이 0.18 더 밝아질것이다.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>−12.40</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%85%94%EA%B2%8C%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="베텔게우스">베텔게우스</a></td> <td>지구<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>초신성 폭발 시 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−11.20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a></td> <td>원일점의 <a href="/wiki/90377_%EC%84%B8%EB%93%9C%EB%82%98" title="90377 세드나">90377 세드나</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%BC%80%EC%95%BC-%EC%84%B8%ED%82%A4_%ED%98%9C%EC%84%B1" title="이케야-세키 혜성">이케야-세키 혜성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>지난 1천 년간 가장 밝은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%EC%B8%A0_%ED%98%9C%EC%84%B1%EA%B5%B0" title="크로이츠 혜성군">크로이츠 혜성군</a>에 속한다. (1965년)<sup id="cite_ref-brightest_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brightest-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−9.50</td> <td>이리듐 인공위성 플레어</td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−9 ~ −10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="포보스 (위성)">포보스</a></td> <td>화성</td> <td>최대 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−7.50</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B4%88%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1_1006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="초신성 1006 (없는 문서)">초신성 1006</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>역사에 기록된 가장 밝은 초신성 폭발 사건. (7200 광년의 거리)<sup id="cite_ref-SN1006_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN1006-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−6.80</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%BC%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EC%95%8C%ED%8C%8C_A" class="mw-redirect" title="센타우루스자리 알파 A">센타우루스자리 알파 A</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%BC%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9D%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%88_b" title="센타우루스자리 프록시마 b">센타우루스자리 프록시마 b</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Siegel_2016_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siegel_2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−6.50</td> <td>밤하늘의 전체 통합 등급</td> <td>지구</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−6.00</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1_1054" title="초신성 1054">초신성 1054</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>6500 광년의 거리<sup id="cite_ref-SN1054_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN1054-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−5.9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%95%EA%B1%B0%EC%9E%A5" title="국제우주정거장">국제우주정거장</a></td> <td>근지점의 지구</td> <td>완전히 태양에 의해 반사 될 경우<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−4.92</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%84%B1" title="금성">금성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>초승달 모양의 금성일 경우 (최대 밝기)<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−4.14</td> <td>금성</td> <td>지구</td> <td>평균 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−4.00 </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i>낮 시간 중 맨눈으로 간신히 보이는 별</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−3.99 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%8B%A4%EB%9D%BC" title="아다라">아다라</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>역사상 가장 밝은 별인 <i>약 470만 년 전</i> 최대 밝기. 앞으로 500만 년안에 더 밝은 별은 지구 근처에 나타나지 않을 것이다. (지구와 34광년 거리) </td></tr> <tr> <td>−2.98 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%84%B1" title="금성">금성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>합 일 경우, 최소 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−2.94 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%EC%84%B1" title="목성">목성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−2.94 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%84%B1" title="화성">화성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−2.50 </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i>태양이 지평선보다 10 ° 아래에 있을 때 육안으로 보이는 희미한 천체</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−2.50 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%9B%94" title="신월">신월</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최소 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−2.48 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%84%B1" title="수성">수성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>외합 일 경우, 최대 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−2.20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%EC%84%B1" title="목성">목성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>평균 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−1.66 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%EC%84%B1" title="목성">목성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최소 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−1.47 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="시리우스">시리우스</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%8B%9C%EA%B4%91%EC%84%A0" title="가시광선">가시광선</a>으로 본 태양을 제외하고 가장 밝은 별.<sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD-Sirius_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-Sirius-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−0.83 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%EA%B3%A8%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EC%97%90%ED%83%80" title="용골자리 에타">용골자리 에타</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>1843년 3월 11일, 14일 당시 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−0.72 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%85%B8%ED%91%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="카노푸스">카노푸스</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>두번째로 밝은 별.<sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD-Canopus_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-Canopus-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−0.55 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%84%B1" title="토성">토성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="토성의 고리">고리</a>가 전부 펼쳐지고, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B6%A9_(%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99)" title="충 (천문학)">충</a>과 근일점의 최대 밝기 (2003년) </td></tr> <tr> <td>−0.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%BC%EB%A6%AC_%ED%98%9C%EC%84%B1" title="핼리 혜성">핼리 혜성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>2061년 근접할 시, 예측 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−0.27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%BC%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EC%95%8C%ED%8C%8C" title="센타우루스자리 알파">센타우루스자리 알파</a> AB</td> <td>지구</td> <td>항성계이며, 전체 밝기 (세번째로 밝은 별) </td></tr> <tr> <td>−0.04 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%81%AC%ED%88%AC%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="아크투루스">아크투루스</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>네번째로 밝은 별<sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD-Arcturus_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-Arcturus-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>−0.01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%BC%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EC%95%8C%ED%8C%8C" title="센타우루스자리 알파">센타우루스자리 알파</a> A</td> <td>지구</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="망원경">망원경</a>으로 봤을 경우, 네번째로 밝은 개개의 별 </td></tr> <tr> <td>+0.03 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EA%B0%80" title="베가">베가</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>밝기의 기준<sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD-Vega_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-Vega-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+0.23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%84%B1" title="수성">수성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>평균 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+0.46 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%84%B1" title="토성">토성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>평균 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+0.46 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a></td> <td>센타우루스자리 알파</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+0.71 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%84%B1" title="화성">화성</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="지구">지구</a></td> <td>평균 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>+0.90</td> <td>달</td> <td>화성</td> <td>최대 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%84%B1" title="토성">토성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최소 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.33</td> <td>센타우루스자리 알파 B</td> <td>지구</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.86 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%84%B1" title="화성">화성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최소 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.98 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="폴라리스">폴라리스</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>평균 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.03 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1_1987A" title="초신성 1987A">초신성 1987A</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 ~ 4 </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i>육안으로 도시 인근에서 간신히 보이는 별</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.44 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%A4_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="안드로메다 은하">안드로메다 은하</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>M31<sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD-M31_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-M31-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A8_%EC%84%B1%EC%9A%B4" title="오리온 성운">오리온 성운</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>M42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.38 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EB%A9%94%EB%8D%B0_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="가니메데 (위성)">가니메데</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-horizons-Ganymede_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horizons-Ganymede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.50 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%8B%9C%EC%97%90_41" title="메시에 41">메시에 41</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Aristotle_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aristotle-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%B6%81%EC%88%98%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EC%99%9C%EC%86%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="궁수자리 왜소타원은하">궁수자리 왜소타원은하</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4_%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80" title="4 베스타">4 베스타</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.38 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="천왕성">천왕성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.68 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="천왕성">천왕성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>평균 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.72 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%BC%EA%B0%81%ED%98%95%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="삼각형자리 은하">삼각형자리 은하</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>광공해가 없는 매우 어두운 하늘 일 경우 볼 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD-M33_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-M33-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-M33_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M33-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EB%A7%88%EC%84%A0_%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C" title="감마선 폭발">감마선 폭발</a> <a href="/wiki/GRB_080319B" title="GRB 080319B">GRB 080319B</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>2008년 3월 19일의 최대 밝기, 75억 광년 거리 (the "Clarke Event") </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.03 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="천왕성">천왕성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최소 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.49 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_%ED%8C%94%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="2 팔라스">2 팔라스</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.50 </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i>매우 좋은 환경에서 평균적으로 맨 눈의 관찰자가 볼 수 있는 별의 한계. 6.5등급까지 약 9,500개의 별이 있다.</i><sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD-mag6.5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-mag6.5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.64 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%99%9C%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1)" title="세레스 (왜행성)">세레스</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.75 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/7_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="7 이리스">7 이리스</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.90 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%8D%B0_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98" title="보데 은하">보데 은하</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>육안으로 볼 수 있는 극한의 한계와 보틀 등급의 한계다.<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%84%B1" title="수성">수성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최소 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.67 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="해왕성">해왕성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.78 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="해왕성">해왕성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>평균 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.00 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="해왕성">해왕성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최소 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i>육안으로 볼 수 있는 극한의 한계 등급, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B3%B4%ED%8B%80_%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="보틀 등급 (없는 문서)">보틀 등급</a>의 1급, 완전 검은 하늘의 지구</i><sup id="cite_ref-Bortle_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bortle-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%84_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="타이탄 (위성)">타이탄</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-horizons-Titan_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horizons-Titan-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arval_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arval-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 평균 충 등급은 8.4다<sup id="cite_ref-jpl-sat_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpl-sat-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%ED%8C%A8%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_UY" title="방패자리 UY">방패자리 UY</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기, 반지름의 가장 큰 별로 알려짐 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.94 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/10_%ED%9E%88%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%84" title="10 히기에이아">10 히기에이아</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-AstDys-Hygiea_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstDys-Hygiea-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9.50</td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i>일반적인 조건에서 보통의 7 × 50 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8C%8D%EC%95%88%EA%B2%BD" title="쌍안경">쌍안경</a>을 사용하여 보이는 가장 희미한 천체</i><sup id="cite_ref-binoculars_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-binoculars-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10.20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%84%ED%8E%98%ED%88%AC%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="이아페투스 (위성)">이아페투스</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-arval_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arval-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, (<a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%84%B1" title="토성">토성</a>의 서쪽의 있을 때 가장 밝다.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11.05</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%BC%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9D%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%88" title="센타우루스자리 프록시마">센타우루스자리 프록시마</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>두번째로 가까운 별 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11.8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="포보스 (위성)">포보스</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기, 화성의 위성 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12.23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/R136a1" title="R136a1">R136a1</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>가장 밝은 별과 무거운 별로 알려짐 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12.89</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="데이모스 (위성)">데이모스</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기, 화성의 위성 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12.91</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%80%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%AC" title="퀘이사">퀘이사</a> <a href="/wiki/3C_273" title="3C 273">3C 273</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>밝은 퀘이사 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13.42</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%86%A4_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="트리톤 (위성)">트리톤</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-jpl-sat_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpl-sat-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13.65</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1" title="명왕성">명왕성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-pluto_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pluto-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 6.5등급보다 725배 희미하다 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13.9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%ED%83%80%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="티타니아 (위성)">티타니아</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>가장 뜨거운 별 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14.1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/WR_102" title="WR 102">WR 102</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기, 천왕성에서 가장 밝은 위성 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15.40</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2060_%ED%82%A4%EB%A1%A0" title="2060 키론">2060 키론</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-AstDys-Chiron_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstDys-Chiron-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15.55</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A1%A0_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="카론 (위성)">카론</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16.80</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%BC%80%EB%A7%88%EC%BC%80_(%EC%99%9C%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1)" title="마케마케 (왜행성)">마케마케</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>현재 충 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-AstDys-Makemake_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstDys-Makemake-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17.27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9A%B0%EB%A9%94%EC%95%84_(%EC%99%9C%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1)" title="하우메아 (왜행성)">하우메아</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>현재 충 밝기<sup id="cite_ref-AstDys-Haumea_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstDys-Haumea-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18.70</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%99%9C%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1)" title="에리스 (왜행성)">에리스</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>현재 충 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19.5</td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EB%82%98_%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4_%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC" title="카탈리나 천체 탐사">카탈리나 천체 탐사</a> 0.7미터 망원경을 30초간 노출하여 볼 수 있는 가장 희미한 천체</i><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1_%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%B6%A9%EB%8F%8C_%EC%B5%9C%EC%A2%85_%EA%B2%BD%EB%B3%B4_%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C" title="소행성 지상충돌 최종 경보 시스템">소행성 지상충돌 최종 경보 시스템</a>의 대략적인 극한의 등급이다. </td></tr> <tr> <td>20.70</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%97%90_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="칼리로에 (위성) (없는 문서)">칼리로에</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>목성의 ~ 8km 작은 위성<sup id="cite_ref-jpl-sat_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpl-sat-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22.00</td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9%EC%86%8C%EC%9E%90" title="전하결합소자">CCD 검출기</a>를 사용하여 24 인치 (600mm) <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%98-%ED%81%AC%EB%A0%88%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%99_%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="리치-크레티앙 망원경">리치-크레티앙 망원경</a>으로 가시광선을 볼 수 있는 가장 희미한 천체.</i> 그 천체는 30분을 (각각 300 초에 6 개의 서브 프레임으로) 누적한 사진이다.<sup id="cite_ref-24inch_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24inch-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22.8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%A7%8C_16" title="루만 16">루만 16</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>가장 가까운 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%88%EC%83%89%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1" title="갈색왜성">갈색왜성</a> (루만 16A=23.25, 루만 16B=24.07)<sup id="cite_ref-Boffin_et_al._2014_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boffin_et_al._2014-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22.91</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="히드라 (위성)">히드라</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23.38</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%89%EC%8A%A4_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="닉스 (위성)">닉스</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>최대 밝기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24.00</td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%90-%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="판-스타스 (없는 문서)">판-스타스</a> 1.8미터 망원경을 60초간 노출하여 볼 수 있는 가장 희미한 천체</i><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25.00</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8E%9C%EB%A6%AC%EB%A5%B4_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="펜리르 (위성) (없는 문서)">펜리르</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>토성의 ~ 4km 작은 위성<sup id="cite_ref-sheppard-saturn_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheppard-saturn-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25.3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1_%EB%B0%94%EA%B9%A5_%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4" title="해왕성 바깥 천체">TNO</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_AG37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 AG37 (없는 문서)">2018 AG<sub>37</sub></a></td> <td>지구 </td> <td>태양계 안에서 태양을 기준으로 가장 멀리 알려져 있는 관측 가능 천체, 132 AU 거리 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26.2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%99%95%EC%84%B1_%EB%B0%94%EA%B9%A5_%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4" title="해왕성 바깥 천체">TNO</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_TH367&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 TH367 (없는 문서)">2015 TH<sub>367</sub></a></td> <td>지구 </td> <td>태양계 안에서 태양을 기준으로 90 AU에 있는 천체, 맨 눈으로 보는 것보다 7500만 배 희미하다. </td></tr> <tr> <td>27.70</td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%94%EB%A3%A8_%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="스바루 망원경">스바루 망원경</a>같이 8 미터 지름의 지상 망원경과 10시간 노출하여 볼 수 있는 가장 희미한 천체</i><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28.20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%BC%EB%A6%AC_%ED%98%9C%EC%84%B1" title="핼리 혜성">핼리 혜성</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>태양으로부터 28 AU 거리, 2003년<sup id="cite_ref-ESO2003_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESO2003-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28.4</td> <td>소행성 <a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_BH91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 BH91 (없는 문서)">2003 BH<sub>91</sub></a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>2003년에 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="허블 우주망원경">허블 우주망원경</a>이 발견한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%ED%8D%BC_%EB%8C%80" class="mw-redirect" title="카이퍼 대">카이퍼 대</a> ≈15 킬로미터의 가장 희미한 소행성 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29.4</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=JADES-GS-z13-0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JADES-GS-z13-0 (없는 문서)">JADES-GS-z13-0</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9B%B9_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="제임스 웹 우주망원경">제임스 웹 우주망원경</a>이 발견함. 가장 멀리 발견된 물체 중 하나.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson2022_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson2022-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31.50</td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="허블 우주망원경">허블 우주망원경</a>의 10년 동안 수집 되고, 총 23일 노출하여 얻은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B8%94_%EC%9A%B8%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC_%EB%94%A5_%ED%95%84%EB%93%9C" title="허블 울트라 딥 필드">허블 익스트림 딥 필드</a>를 통해 가시광선으로 본 가장 희미한 천체</i><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#EEE;"><i><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9B%B9_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="제임스 웹 우주망원경">제임스 웹 우주망원경</a>의 가시광선으로 본 가장 희미한 천체</i><sup id="cite_ref-maron_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maron-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>35.00</td> <td>이름 미정의 소행성</td> <td>지구</td> <td>가장 희미한 소행성으로 예상, 2009년에 허블 우주망원경이 발견한 카이퍼 벨트의 950 미터의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%84%ED%8F%90" title="엄폐">엄폐</a>한 소행성<sup id="cite_ref-hstoccultation_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hstoccultation-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>35.00</td> <td><a href="/wiki/LBV_1806-20" title="LBV 1806-20">LBV 1806-20</a></td> <td>지구</td> <td>이 별과 지구 사이 우주 공간에 있는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B0%84%EB%A7%A4%EC%A7%88" title="성간매질">성간매질</a>이 가시광선을 차단하기 때문에 등급이 낮다. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EB%8C%80%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" title="절대등급">절대등급</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89_%EC%88%9C_%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="겉보기등급 순 항성 목록">겉보기등급 순 항성 목록</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AAVSO-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AAVSO_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Matthew, Templeton (2011년 10월 21일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518084414/https://www.aavso.org/magnitude">“Magnitudes: Measuring the Brightness of Stars”</a>. American Association of Variable Stars (AAVSO). 2019년 5월 18일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aavso.org/magnitude">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2019년 5월 19일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magnitudes%3A+Measuring+the+Brightness+of+Stars&rft.pub=American+Association+of+Variable+Stars+%28AAVSO%29&rft.date=2011-10-21&rft.aulast=Matthew&rft.aufirst=Templeton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aavso.org%2Fmagnitude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-macrobert2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-macrobert2006_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">MacRobert, A. (2006년 8월 1일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-resources/the-stellar-magnitude-system/">“The Stellar Magnitude System”</a>. 《Sky and Telescope》<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2019년 5월 21일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+and+Telescope&rft.atitle=The+Stellar+Magnitude+System&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft.au=MacRobert%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skyandtelescope.com%2Fastronomy-resources%2Fthe-stellar-magnitude-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMBAD-mag6.5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SIMBAD-mag6.5_3-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SIMBAD-mag6.5_3-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-sam?Criteria=Vmag%3C6.5">“Vmag<6.5”</a>. SIMBAD Astronomical Database<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 6월 25일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vmag%3C6.5&rft.pub=SIMBAD+Astronomical+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsimbad.u-strasbg.fr%2Fsimbad%2Fsim-sam%3FCriteria%3DVmag%253C6.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080206074842/http://www.nso.edu/PR/answerbook/magnitude.html">“Magnitude”</a>. National Solar Observatory—Sacramento Peak. 2008년 2월 6일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nso.edu/PR/answerbook/magnitude.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2006년 8월 23일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magnitude&rft.pub=National+Solar+Observatory%E2%80%94Sacramento+Peak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nso.edu%2FPR%2Fanswerbook%2Fmagnitude.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9D%EC%9D%80_%EB%B3%84_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="밝은 별 목록">밝은 별 목록</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-하이탑_8-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-하이탑_8_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">김대규; 김성진; 문연호; 박정일; 배미정; 이진우; 최승규; 한인옥 (2011). 《HIGH TOP 고등학교 과학》 1판. 두산동아. 8쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HIGH+TOP+%EA%B3%A0%EB%93%B1%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90+%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99&rft.pages=8&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=%EB%91%90%EC%82%B0%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84&rft.date=2011&rft.au=%EA%B9%80%EB%8C%80%EA%B7%9C&rft.au=%EA%B9%80%EC%84%B1%EC%A7%84&rft.au=%EB%AC%B8%EC%97%B0%ED%98%B8&rft.au=%EB%B0%95%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%BC&rft.au=%EB%B0%B0%EB%AF%B8%EC%A0%95&rft.au=%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%84%EC%9A%B0&rft.au=%EC%B5%9C%EC%8A%B9%EA%B7%9C&rft.au=%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%98%A5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">North, Gerald; James, Nick (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IzoDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24">《Observing Variable Stars, Novae and Supernovae》</a>. Cambridge University Press. 24쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/9781107636125" title="특수:책찾기/9781107636125"><bdi>9781107636125</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Observing+Variable+Stars%2C+Novae+and+Supernovae&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781107636125&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.au=James%2C+Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIzoDBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sun-fact-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sun-fact_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Williams, David R. (2004년 9월 1일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100715200549/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html">“Sun Fact Sheet”</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a> (National Space Science Data Center). 2010년 7월 15일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 7월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sun+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=NASA+%28National+Space+Science+Data+Center%29&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fplanetary%2Ffactsheet%2Fsunfact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agrawal-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Agrawal_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Agrawal, Dulli Chandra (2016년 3월 30일). “Apparent magnitude of earthshine: a simple calculation”. 《European Journal of Physics》 (IOP Publishing) <b>37</b> (3): 035601. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EJPh...37c5601A">2016EJPh...37c5601A</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F0143-0807%2F37%2F3%2F035601">10.1088/0143-0807/37/3/035601</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0143-0807">0143-0807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Physics&rft.atitle=Apparent+magnitude+of+earthshine%3A+a+simple+calculation&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=035601&rft.date=2016-03-30&rft.issn=0143-0807&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0143-0807%2F37%2F3%2F035601&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016EJPh...37c5601A&rft.aulast=Agrawal&rft.aufirst=Dulli+Chandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dufay, Jean. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oTraksy4JYkC&pg=PA4">《Introduction to Astrophysics: The Stars》</a>. 3쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Astrophysics%3A+The+Stars&rft.pages=3&rft.aulast=Dufay&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoTraksy4JYkC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IM08-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IM08_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McLean, Ian S. (2008). 《Electronic Imaging in Astronomy: Detectors and Instrumentation》. Springer. 529쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/3-540-76582-4" title="특수:책찾기/3-540-76582-4"><bdi>3-540-76582-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electronic+Imaging+in+Astronomy%3A+Detectors+and+Instrumentation&rft.pages=529&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=3-540-76582-4&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Ian+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moon-fact-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-moon-fact_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Williams, David R. (2010년 2월 2일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323165650/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html">“Moon Fact Sheet”</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a> (National Space Science Data Center). 2010년 3월 23일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 4월 9일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moon+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=NASA+%28National+Space+Science+Data+Center%29&rft.date=2010-02-02&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fplanetary%2Ffactsheet%2Fmoonfact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dolan, Michelle M.; Mathews, Grant J.; Lam, Doan Duc; Lan, Nguyen Quynh; Herczeg, Gregory J.; Dearborn, David S. P. (2017). “Evolutionary Tracks for Betelgeuse”. 《The Astrophysical Journal》 <b>819</b> (1): 7. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1406.3143">1406.3143</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApJ...819....7D">2016ApJ...819....7D</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3847%2F0004-637X%2F819%2F1%2F7">10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+Tracks+for+Betelgeuse&rft.volume=819&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1406.3143&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3847%2F0004-637X%2F819%2F1%2F7&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016ApJ...819....7D&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.aufirst=Michelle+M.&rft.au=Mathews%2C+Grant+J.&rft.au=Lam%2C+Doan+Duc&rft.au=Lan%2C+Nguyen+Quynh&rft.au=Herczeg%2C+Gregory+J.&rft.au=Dearborn%2C+David+S.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brightest-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-brightest_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icq.eps.harvard.edu/brightest.html">“Brightest comets seen since 1935”</a>. International Comet Quarterly<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2011년 12월 18일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brightest+comets+seen+since+1935&rft.pub=International+Comet+Quarterly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icq.eps.harvard.edu%2Fbrightest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SN1006-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SN1006_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Winkler, P. Frank; Gupta, Gaurav; Long, Knox S. (2003). “The SN 1006 Remnant: Optical Proper Motions, Deep Imaging, Distance, and Brightness at Maximum”. 《<a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99_%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90" title="천체물리학 저널">천체물리학 저널</a>》 <b>585</b>: 324–335. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0208415">astro-ph/0208415</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ApJ...585..324W">2003ApJ...585..324W</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F345985">10.1086/345985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99+%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90&rft.atitle=The+SN+1006+Remnant%3A+Optical+Proper+Motions%2C+Deep+Imaging%2C+Distance%2C+and+Brightness+at+Maximum&rft.volume=585&rft.pages=324-335&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0208415&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F345985&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003ApJ...585..324W&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=P.+Frank&rft.au=Gupta%2C+Gaurav&rft.au=Long%2C+Knox+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siegel_2016-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Siegel_2016_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Siegel, Ethan (2016년 9월 6일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2016/09/06/ten-ways-proxima-b-is-different-from-earth/">“Ten Ways 'Proxima b' Is Different From Earth”</a>. 《Forbes》<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2023년 2월 19일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Ten+Ways+%27Proxima+b%27+Is+Different+From+Earth&rft.date=2016-09-06&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fstartswithabang%2F2016%2F09%2F06%2Ften-ways-proxima-b-is-different-from-earth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SN1054-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SN1054_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messier.seds.org/more/m001_sn.html">“Supernova 1054 – Creation of the Crab Nebula”</a>. 《SEDS》.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SEDS&rft.atitle=Supernova+1054+%E2%80%93+Creation+of+the+Crab+Nebula&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmessier.seds.org%2Fmore%2Fm001_sn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heavens-above.com/satinfo.aspx?SatID=25544">“ISS Information - Heavens-above.com”</a>. Heavens-above<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2007년 12월 22일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISS+Information+-+Heavens-above.com&rft.pub=Heavens-above&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heavens-above.com%2Fsatinfo.aspx%3FSatID%3D25544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mallama_and_Hilton-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-3">라</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-4">마</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-5">바</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-6">사</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-7">아</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-8">자</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-9">차</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-10">카</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-11">타</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-12">파</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-13">하</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-14">거</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-15">너</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-16">더</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-17">러</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-18">머</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mallama_and_Hilton_19-19">버</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mallama, A.; Hilton, J.L. (2018). “Computing Apparent Planetary Magnitudes for The Astronomical Almanac”. 《Astronomy and Computing》 <b>25</b>: 10–24. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A&C....25...10M">2018A&C....25...10M</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ascom.2018.08.002">10.1016/j.ascom.2018.08.002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Computing&rft.atitle=Computing+Apparent+Planetary+Magnitudes+for+The+Astronomical+Almanac&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=10-24&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ascom.2018.08.002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018A%26C....25...10M&rft.au=Mallama%2C+A.&rft.au=Hilton%2C+J.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMBAD-Sirius-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SIMBAD-Sirius_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Sirius">“Sirius”</a>. SIMBAD Astronomical Database<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 6월 26일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sirius&rft.pub=SIMBAD+Astronomical+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsimbad.u-strasbg.fr%2Fsimbad%2Fsim-id%3FIdent%3DSirius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMBAD-Canopus-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SIMBAD-Canopus_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Canopus">“Canopus”</a>. SIMBAD Astronomical Database<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 6월 26일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canopus&rft.pub=SIMBAD+Astronomical+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsimbad.u-strasbg.fr%2Fsimbad%2Fsim-id%3FIdent%3DCanopus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMBAD-Arcturus-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SIMBAD-Arcturus_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Arcturus">“Arcturus”</a>. SIMBAD Astronomical Database<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 6월 26일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arcturus&rft.pub=SIMBAD+Astronomical+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsimbad.u-strasbg.fr%2Fsimbad%2Fsim-id%3FIdent%3DArcturus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMBAD-Vega-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SIMBAD-Vega_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Vega">“Vega”</a>. SIMBAD Astronomical Database<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 4월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vega&rft.pub=SIMBAD+Astronomical+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsimbad.u-strasbg.fr%2Fsimbad%2Fsim-id%3FIdent%3DVega&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G. H.; Bond, H. E.; Bono, G.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D.; Mason, B. D. (2008). “Direct Detection of the Close Companion of Polaris with The Hubble Space Telescope”. 《The Astronomical Journal》 <b>136</b> (3): 1137. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/0806.4904">0806.4904</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AJ....136.1137E">2008AJ....136.1137E</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F136%2F3%2F1137">10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/1137</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16966094">16966094</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomical+Journal&rft.atitle=Direct+Detection+of+the+Close+Companion+of+Polaris+with+The+Hubble+Space+Telescope&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1137&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0806.4904&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16966094&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F136%2F3%2F1137&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008AJ....136.1137E&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=N.+R.&rft.au=Schaefer%2C+G.+H.&rft.au=Bond%2C+H.+E.&rft.au=Bono%2C+G.&rft.au=Karovska%2C+M.&rft.au=Nelan%2C+E.&rft.au=Sasselov%2C+D.&rft.au=Mason%2C+B.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMBAD-M31-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SIMBAD-M31_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=M31">“SIMBAD-M31”</a>. SIMBAD Astronomical Database<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 11월 29일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SIMBAD-M31&rft.pub=SIMBAD+Astronomical+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsimbad.u-strasbg.fr%2Fsimbad%2Fsim-id%3FIdent%3DM31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-horizons-Ganymede-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-horizons-Ganymede_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Yeomans; Chamberlin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=503">“Horizon Online Ephemeris System for Ganymede (Major Body 503)”</a>. California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 4월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Horizon+Online+Ephemeris+System+for+Ganymede+%28Major+Body+503%29&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology%2C+Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft.au=Yeomans&rft.au=Chamberlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fhorizons.cgi%3Ffind_body%3D1%26body_group%3Dmb%26sstr%3D503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (4.38 on 1951-Oct-03)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aristotle-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Aristotle_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messier.seds.org/more/m041_ari.html">“M41 possibly recorded by Aristotle”</a>. SEDS (Students for the Exploration and Development of Space). 2006년 7월 28일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 11월 29일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M41+possibly+recorded+by+Aristotle&rft.pub=SEDS+%28Students+for+the+Exploration+and+Development+of+Space%29&rft.date=2006-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmessier.seds.org%2Fmore%2Fm041_ari.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMBAD-M33-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SIMBAD-M33_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=M33">“SIMBAD-M33”</a>. SIMBAD Astronomical Database<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 11월 28일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SIMBAD-M33&rft.pub=SIMBAD+Astronomical+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsimbad.u-strasbg.fr%2Fsimbad%2Fsim-id%3FIdent%3DM33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M33-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-M33_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lodriguss, Jerry (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100115043351/http://astropix.com/HTML/A_FALL/M33.HTM">“M33 (Triangulum Galaxy)”</a>. 2010년 1월 15일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astropix.com/HTML/A_FALL/M33.HTM">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 11월 27일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M33+%28Triangulum+Galaxy%29&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Lodriguss&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astropix.com%2FHTML%2FA_FALL%2FM33.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (Shows bolometric magnitude not visual magnitude.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SEDS-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messier.seds.org/m/m081.html">“Messier 81”</a>. SEDS (Students for the Exploration and Development of Space). 2007년 9월 2일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 11월 28일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Messier+81&rft.pub=SEDS+%28Students+for+the+Exploration+and+Development+of+Space%29&rft.date=2007-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmessier.seds.org%2Fm%2Fm081.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bortle-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bortle_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">John E. Bortle (February 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090323232806/http://www.skyandtelescope.com/resources/darksky/3304011.html">“The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale”</a>. Sky & Telescope. 2009년 3월 23일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skyandtelescope.com/resources/darksky/3304011.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 11월 18일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bortle+Dark-Sky+Scale&rft.pub=Sky+%26+Telescope&rft.date=2001-02&rft.au=John+E.+Bortle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skyandtelescope.com%2Fresources%2Fdarksky%2F3304011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-horizons-Titan-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-horizons-Titan_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Yeomans; Chamberlin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=606">“Horizon Online Ephemeris System for Titan (Major Body 606)”</a>. California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 6월 28일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Horizon+Online+Ephemeris+System+for+Titan+%28Major+Body+606%29&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology%2C+Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft.au=Yeomans&rft.au=Chamberlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fhorizons.cgi%3Ffind_body%3D1%26body_group%3Dmb%26sstr%3D606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.surewest.net/kheider/astro/titan-maxmag.txt">(8.10 on 2003-Dec-30)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113022855/http://home.surewest.net/kheider/astro/titan-maxmag.txt">보관됨</a> 11월 13, 2012 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arval-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-arval_33-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-arval_33-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100731193653/http://www.oarval.org/ClasSaten.htm">“Classic Satellites of the Solar System”</a>. Observatorio ARVAL. 2010년 7월 31일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oarval.org/ClasSaten.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 6월 25일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classic+Satellites+of+the+Solar+System&rft.pub=Observatorio+ARVAL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oarval.org%2FClasSaten.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpl-sat-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-jpl-sat_34-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-jpl-sat_34-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-jpl-sat_34-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090723024226/http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par">“Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters”</a>. <a href="/wiki/JPL" class="mw-redirect" title="JPL">JPL</a> (Solar System Dynamics). 2009년 4월 3일. 2009년 7월 23일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 7월 25일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Planetary+Satellite+Physical+Parameters&rft.pub=JPL+%28Solar+System+Dynamics%29&rft.date=2009-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2F%3Fsat_phys_par&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AstDys-Hygiea-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AstDys-Hygiea_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=10&oc=500&y0=2095&m0=6&d0=27&h0=00&mi0=00&y1=2095&m1=6&d1=28&h1=00&mi1=00&ti=1.0&tiu=days">“AstDys (10) Hygiea Ephemerides”</a>. Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 6월 26일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AstDys+%2810%29+Hygiea+Ephemerides&rft.pub=Department+of+Mathematics%2C+University+of+Pisa%2C+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhamilton.dm.unipi.it%2Fastdys%2Findex.php%3Fpc%3D1.1.3.1%26n%3D10%26oc%3D500%26y0%3D2095%26m0%3D6%26d0%3D27%26h0%3D00%26mi0%3D00%26y1%3D2095%26m1%3D6%26d1%3D28%26h1%3D00%26mi1%3D00%26ti%3D1.0%26tiu%3Ddays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-binoculars-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-binoculars_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Zarenski, Ed (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cloudynights.com/documents/limiting.pdf">“Limiting Magnitude in Binoculars”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Cloudy Nights<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2011년 5월 6일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limiting+Magnitude+in+Binoculars&rft.pub=Cloudy+Nights&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Zarenski&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cloudynights.com%2Fdocuments%2Flimiting.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pluto-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pluto_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Williams, David R. (2006년 9월 7일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100701180605/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.html">“Pluto Fact Sheet”</a>. 《National Space Science Data Center》. NASA. 2010년 7월 1일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 6월 26일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Space+Science+Data+Center&rft.atitle=Pluto+Fact+Sheet&rft.date=2006-09-07&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fplanetary%2Ffactsheet%2Fplutofact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AstDys-Chiron-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AstDys-Chiron_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=2060&oc=500&y0=2097&m0=4&d0=3&h0=00&mi0=00&y1=2097&m1=4&d1=3&h1=00&mi1=00&ti=1.0&tiu=days">“AstDys (2060) Chiron Ephemerides”</a>. Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 6월 26일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AstDys+%282060%29+Chiron+Ephemerides&rft.pub=Department+of+Mathematics%2C+University+of+Pisa%2C+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhamilton.dm.unipi.it%2Fastdys%2Findex.php%3Fpc%3D1.1.3.1%26n%3D2060%26oc%3D500%26y0%3D2097%26m0%3D4%26d0%3D3%26h0%3D00%26mi0%3D00%26y1%3D2097%26m1%3D4%26d1%3D3%26h1%3D00%26mi1%3D00%26ti%3D1.0%26tiu%3Ddays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AstDys-Makemake-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AstDys-Makemake_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=136472&oc=500&y0=2010&m0=3&d0=17&h0=00&mi0=00&y1=2010&m1=3&d1=17&h1=00&mi1=00&ti=1.0&tiu=days">“AstDys (136472) Makemake Ephemerides”</a>. Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 6월 26일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AstDys+%28136472%29+Makemake+Ephemerides&rft.pub=Department+of+Mathematics%2C+University+of+Pisa%2C+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhamilton.dm.unipi.it%2Fastdys%2Findex.php%3Fpc%3D1.1.3.1%26n%3D136472%26oc%3D500%26y0%3D2010%26m0%3D3%26d0%3D17%26h0%3D00%26mi0%3D00%26y1%3D2010%26m1%3D3%26d1%3D17%26h1%3D00%26mi1%3D00%26ti%3D1.0%26tiu%3Ddays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AstDys-Haumea-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AstDys-Haumea_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=136108&oc=500&y0=2010&m0=4&d0=6&h0=00&mi0=00&y1=2010&m1=4&d1=6&h1=00&mi1=00&ti=1.0&tiu=days">“AstDys (136108) Haumea Ephemerides”</a>. Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 6월 26일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AstDys+%28136108%29+Haumea+Ephemerides&rft.pub=Department+of+Mathematics%2C+University+of+Pisa%2C+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhamilton.dm.unipi.it%2Fastdys%2Findex.php%3Fpc%3D1.1.3.1%26n%3D136108%26oc%3D500%26y0%3D2010%26m0%3D4%26d0%3D6%26h0%3D00%26mi0%3D00%26y1%3D2010%26m1%3D4%26d1%3D6%26h1%3D00%26mi1%3D00%26ti%3D1.0%26tiu%3Ddays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191103212019/https://catalina.lpl.arizona.edu/about/facilities">“Catalina Sky Survey (CSS) Facilities”</a>. 2019년 11월 3일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalina.lpl.arizona.edu/about/facilities">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2019년 11월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catalina+Sky+Survey+%28CSS%29+Facilities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalina.lpl.arizona.edu%2Fabout%2Ffacilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24inch-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24inch_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Steve Cullen (sgcullen) (2009년 10월 5일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100131051349/http://www.lightbuckets.com/news/37/17-new-asteroids-found-by-lightbuckets/">“17 New Asteroids Found by LightBuckets”</a>. LightBuckets. 2010년 1월 31일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lightbuckets.com/news/37/17-new-asteroids-found-by-lightbuckets/">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 11월 15일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=17+New+Asteroids+Found+by+LightBuckets&rft.pub=LightBuckets&rft.date=2009-10-05&rft.au=Steve+Cullen+%28sgcullen%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lightbuckets.com%2Fnews%2F37%2F17-new-asteroids-found-by-lightbuckets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boffin_et_al._2014-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Boffin_et_al._2014_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Boffin, H.M.J.; Pourbaix, D. (2014). “Possible astrometric discovery of a substellar companion to the closest binary brown dwarf system WISE J104915.57–531906.1”. 《Astronomy and Astrophysics》 <b>561</b>: 5. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1312.1303">1312.1303</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014A&A...561L...4B">2014A&A...561L...4B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201322975">10.1051/0004-6361/201322975</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Possible+astrometric+discovery+of+a+substellar+companion+to+the+closest+binary+brown+dwarf+system+WISE+J104915.57%E2%80%93531906.1&rft.volume=561&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1312.1303&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201322975&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014A%26A...561L...4B&rft.au=Boffin%2C+H.M.J.&rft.au=Pourbaix%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191103212019/https://catalina.lpl.arizona.edu/about/facilities">“Catalina Sky Survey (CSS) Facilities”</a>. 2019년 11월 3일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalina.lpl.arizona.edu/about/facilities">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2019년 11월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catalina+Sky+Survey+%28CSS%29+Facilities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalina.lpl.arizona.edu%2Fabout%2Ffacilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sheppard-saturn-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sheppard-saturn_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_S._Sheppard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott S. Sheppard (없는 문서)">Sheppard, Scott S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/users/sheppard/satellites/satsatdata.html">“Saturn's Known Satellites”</a>. Carnegie Institution (Department of Terrestrial Magnetism)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 6월 28일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saturn%27s+Known+Satellites&rft.pub=Carnegie+Institution+%28Department+of+Terrestrial+Magnetism%29&rft.aulast=Sheppard&rft.aufirst=Scott+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtm.ciw.edu%2Fusers%2Fsheppard%2Fsatellites%2Fsatsatdata.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-resources/astronomy-questions-answers/what-is-the-faintest-object-imaged-by-ground-based-telescopes/">What is the faintest object imaged by ground-based telescopes?</a>, by: The Editors of Sky Telescope, July 24, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESO2003-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ESO2003_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301212846/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/press-rel/pr-2003/phot-27-03.html">“New Image of Comet Halley in the Cold”</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESO" class="mw-disambig" title="ESO">ESO</a>. 2003년 9월 1일. 2009년 3월 1일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/press-rel/pr-2003/phot-27-03.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 2월 22일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Image+of+Comet+Halley+in+the+Cold&rft.pub=ESO&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eso.org%2Fpublic%2Foutreach%2Fpress-rel%2Fpr-2003%2Fphot-27-03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robertson2022-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Robertson2022_48-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Robertson, B. E.; 외. (2023). “Identification and properties of intense star-forming galaxies at redshifts z > 10”. 《Nature Astronomy》. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/2212.04480">2212.04480</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023NatAs.tmp...67R">2023NatAs.tmp...67R</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41550-023-01921-1">10.1038/s41550-023-01921-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:257968812">257968812</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Astronomy&rft.atitle=Identification+and+properties+of+intense+star-forming+galaxies+at+redshifts+z+%3E+10&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2212.04480&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A257968812&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41550-023-01921-1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2023NatAs.tmp...67R&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=B.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.1931">The HST eXtreme Deep Field XDF: Combining all ACS and WFC3/IR Data on the HUDF Region into the Deepest Field Ever</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maron-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-maron_50-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jaymaron.com/telescopes/telescopes.html">http://www.jaymaron.com/telescopes/telescopes.html</a> (retrieved Sep 14 2017)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hstoccultation-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hstoccultation_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/hst_img_kuiper-smallest.html">“NASA – Hubble Finds Smallest Kuiper Belt Object Ever Seen”</a>. 《www.nasa.gov》 (영어). NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2018년 3월 16일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=NASA+%E2%80%93+Hubble+Finds+Smallest+Kuiper+Belt+Object+Ever+Seen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fhubble%2Fscience%2Fhst_img_kuiper-smallest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li:after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li:after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li:after{content:", ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-slash dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-slash li:after{content:" / ";font-weight:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36429174">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="항성" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311309">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1" title="틀:항성"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";background: gold;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:항성 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";background: gold;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1" title="특수:문서편집/틀:항성"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";background: gold;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="항성" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1" title="항성">항성</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lemonchiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="항성진화">진화</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1" title="항성 형성">항성 형성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%A3%BC%EA%B3%84%EC%97%B4%EC%84%B1" title="전주계열성">전주계열성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B3%84%EC%97%B4" title="주계열">주계열성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%ED%8F%89%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1%EC%97%B4" title="수평거성열">수평거성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%90%EA%B7%BC%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1%EC%97%B4" title="점근거성열">점근거성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%81%8C%EC%96%B4%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%BC" title="끌어올림">끌어올림</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EC%95%88%EC%A0%95%EB%9D%A0" title="불안정띠">불안정띠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EB%93%9C%ED%81%B4%EB%9F%BC%ED%94%84" title="레드클럼프">레드클럼프</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1%EC%83%81%EC%84%B1%EC%9A%B4" title="행성상성운">행성상성운</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%9C_%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%84_%EC%9B%90%EB%B0%98" title="원시 행성계 원반">원시 행성계 원반</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9D%EC%9D%80_%EC%B2%AD%EC%83%89%EB%B3%80%EA%B4%91%EC%84%B1" title="밝은 청색변광성">밝은 청색변광성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%94%84-%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%97%90%EB%B3%84" class="mw-redirect" title="볼프-레이에별">볼프-레이에별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1_(%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4)" title="신성 (천체)">신성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EC%82%AC_%EC%B4%88%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1" title="의사 초신성">의사 초신성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1" title="초신성">초신성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B9%EC%B4%88%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B1" title="극초신성">극초신성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%B8%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A3%BD-%EB%9F%AC%EC%85%80_%EB%8F%84%ED%91%9C" title="헤르츠스프룽-러셀 도표">헤르츠스프룽-러셀 도표</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lemonchiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%9C%EB%B3%84" title="원시별">원시별</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%9A%B4" title="분자운">분자운</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%ED%81%AC%EA%B5%AC%EC%83%81%EC%B2%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="보크구상체">보크구상체</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%8A%EC%9D%80_%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EC%B2%B4" title="젊은 항성체">젊은 항성체</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B9%85-%EC%95%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4" title="허빅-아로천체">허빅-아로천체</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%95%BC%EC%8B%9C_%EA%B2%BD%EB%A1%9C" title="하야시 경로">하야시 경로</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%95%BC%EC%8B%9C_%ED%95%9C%EA%B3%84" title="하야시 한계">하야시 한계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%8B%88%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4_%EA%B2%BD%EB%A1%9C" title="헤니에이 경로">헤니에이 경로</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%86%8C%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC_T%ED%98%95_%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1" title="황소자리 T형 항성">황소자리 T형 항성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B9%85_Ae/Be_%EB%B3%84" title="허빅 Ae/Be 별">허빅 Ae/Be 별</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lemonchiffon;">종류</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%80%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1" title="준왜성">준왜성</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%ED%98%95_%EC%A4%80%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1" title="B형 준왜성">B형</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1" title="왜성">왜성</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EC%83%89%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1" title="청색왜성">청색</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%ED%98%95_%EC%A3%BC%EA%B3%84%EC%97%B4%EC%84%B1" title="K형 주계열성">주황색</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%83%89%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1" title="적색왜성">적색</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%ED%98%95_%EC%A3%BC%EA%B3%84%EC%97%B4%EC%84%B1" title="G형 주계열성">황색</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%80%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1" title="준거성">준거성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1" title="거성">거성</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EC%83%89%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1" title="청색거성">청색</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%83%89%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1" title="적색거성">적색</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%83%89%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1" title="황색거성">황색</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9D%EC%9D%80_%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1" title="밝은 거성">밝은 거성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1" title="초거성">초거성</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EC%83%89%EC%B4%88%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1" title="청색초거성">청색</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%83%89%EC%B4%88%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1" title="적색초거성">적색</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%83%89%EC%B4%88%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1" title="황색초거성">황색</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B9%EB%8C%80%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1" title="극대거성">극대거성</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%83%89%EA%B7%B9%EB%8C%80%EA%B1%B0%EC%84%B1" title="황색극대거성">황색</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EC%83%89_%EB%82%99%EC%98%A4%EC%84%B1" title="청색 낙오성">청색 낙오성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%ED%98%95_%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1" title="Be형 항성">껍질별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%9D%B4%EB%B3%84" title="특이별">특이별</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ap/Bp_%EB%B3%84" title="Ap/Bp 별">Ap/Bp 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%A8%EB%B3%84" title="바륨별">바륨별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C%EB%B3%84" title="탄소별">탄소별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CH_%EB%B3%84" title="CH 별">CH 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%9D%80-%EB%A7%9D%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%88_%EB%B3%84" title="수은-망가니즈 별">수은-망가니즈 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am_%EB%B3%84" title="Am 별">Am 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%ED%98%95_%EB%B3%84" title="S형 별">S형 별</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%ED%81%AC%EB%84%A4%ED%8A%AC_%EB%B3%84" title="테크네튬 별">테크네튬 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%80%EA%B4%91%EC%84%B1" title="변광성">변광성</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B7%9C%EC%B9%99_%EB%B3%80%EA%B4%91%EC%84%B1" title="불규칙 변광성">불규칙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%80%EA%B7%9C%EC%B9%99_%EB%B3%80%EA%B4%91%EC%84%B1" title="준규칙 변광성">준규칙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A8_%EB%B3%80%EA%B4%91%EC%84%B1" title="오리온 변광성">오리온</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lemonchiffon;">잔해</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%83%89%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1" title="백색왜성">백색왜성</a> (<a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%83%89%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1" title="흑색왜성">흑색왜성</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%84" title="중성자별">중성자별</a> (<a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%84%EC%82%AC" title="펄사">맥동전파원</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%84%A4%ED%83%80" title="마그네타">마그네타</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89_%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%99%ED%99%80" title="항성질량 블랙홀">항성질량 블랙홀</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lemonchiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%80%EC%A7%91%EC%84%B1" title="밀집성">밀집성</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC%EB%B3%84" title="쿼크별">쿼크별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC%EB%B3%84#프레온_별" title="쿼크별">프레온 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%EB%B3%84" title="Q별">Q별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8D%BC%EC%A6%88%EB%B3%BC" title="퍼즈볼">퍼즈볼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%90_%EB%B3%84" title="보손 별">보손 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%B0%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80" title="그라바스타">그라바스타</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80_%EB%B3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="암흑 에너지 별 (없는 문서)">암흑 에너지 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%91%91%EB%B3%84" title="어둑별">어둑별</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%BD%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="약전자기별 (없는 문서)">약전자기별</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%EA%B6%8C_%EC%97%B0%EC%86%8D%EC%A0%81_%EB%B6%95%EA%B4%B4_%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="자기권 연속적 붕괴 천체 (없는 문서)">자기권 연속적 붕괴 천체</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EC%84%B1" title="암흑물질성">암흑물질성</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lemonchiffon;">이론적인 별</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%9D%91%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EC%84%B1" title="암흑물질성">암흑물질성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%BC%EC%8B%9C_%EB%B3%84" title="쿼시 별">쿼시 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%90-%EC%A7%80%ED%8A%B8%EC%BD%94%ED%94%84_%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4" title="손-지트코프 천체">손-지트코프 천체</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8_%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80" title="아이언 스타">아이언 스타</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lemonchiffon;">중간 단계</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%88%EC%83%89%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1" title="갈색왜성">갈색왜성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%80%EA%B0%88%EC%83%89%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1" title="준갈색왜성">준갈색왜성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%96%A0%EB%8F%8C%EC%9D%B4_%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1" title="떠돌이 행성">떠돌이 행성</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lemonchiffon;">구조</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%ED%95%B5" title="태양핵">핵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%98%EC%B8%B5" title="대류층">대류층</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%82%AC%EC%B8%B5" title="복사층">복사층</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EA%B5%AC" title="광구">광구</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%A0%90" title="흑점">흑점</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B1%84%EC%B8%B5" title="채층">채층</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%98_(%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99)" title="코로나 (천문학)">코로나</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%ED%92%8D" title="태양풍">태양풍</a> (<a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%ED%92%8D_%EA%B1%B0%ED%92%88" title="태양풍 거품">거품</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" title="성진학">성진학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%94%A9%ED%84%B4_%ED%95%9C%EA%B3%84" title="에딩턴 한계">에딩턴 한계</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lemonchiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%ED%95%B5%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1" title="항성 핵합성">핵합성</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%8C%8C_%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91" title="알파 반응">알파 반응</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%BC%EC%A4%91%EC%95%8C%ED%8C%8C%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="삼중알파과정">삼중알파과정</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90-%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90_%EC%97%B0%EC%87%84_%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91" title="양성자-양성자 연쇄 반응">양성자-양성자 연쇄 반응</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%A5%A8%EC%84%AC%EA%B4%91" title="헬륨섬광">헬륨섬광</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNO_%EC%88%9C%ED%99%98" title="CNO 순환">CNO 순환</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C_%EC%97%B0%EC%86%8C_%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95" title="탄소 연소 과정">탄소 연소 과정</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EC%98%A8_%EC%97%B0%EC%86%8C_%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95" title="네온 연소 과정">네온 연소 과정</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%86%8C_%EC%97%B0%EC%86%8C_%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95" title="산소 연소 과정">산소 연소 과정</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%9C%EC%86%8C_%EC%97%B0%EC%86%8C_%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95" title="규소 연소 과정">규소 연소 과정</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="S-과정">S-과정</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95" title="R-과정">R-과정</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lemonchiffon;">특성</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98" title="항성분류">항성분류</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="별의 이름">별의 이름</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="항성 역학 (없는 문서)">항성 역학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%9A%A8%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84" title="유효온도">유효온도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99%ED%95%99" title="항성운동학">항성운동학</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%9C%A0%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" title="고유운동">고유운동</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%84%A0%EC%86%8D%EB%8F%84" title="시선속도">시선속도</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%EC%9E%A5" title="항성 자기장">항성 자기장</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89_(%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99)" title="등급 (천문학)">등급</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EB%8C%80%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" title="절대등급">절대등급</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">겉보기등급</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%84%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89" title="사진등급">사진등급</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89" title="항성 질량">질량</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EB%B0%98%EA%B2%BD" title="태양반경">반지름</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EA%B4%91%EB%8F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="태양광도">광도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D%ED%95%A8%EB%9F%89" title="금속함량">금속함량</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%EC%86%8C%EB%82%9C%EB%A5%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="미소난류 (없는 문서)">미소난류</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%84" title="행성계">행성계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%EC%9E%90%EC%A0%84" title="항성 자전">항성 자전</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%84" title="항성계">항성계</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8C%8D%EC%84%B1" title="쌍성">쌍성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="다중성">다중성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%91%EC%B4%89%EC%8C%8D%EC%84%B1" title="접촉쌍성">접촉쌍성</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBV_%EC%B8%A1%EA%B4%91%EA%B3%84" title="UBV 측광계">UBV 측광계</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: lemonchiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="항성 목록">항성 목록</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90_%EB%94%B0%EB%9D%BC_%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98%ED%95%9C_%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="별자리에 따라 분류한 항성 목록">별자리별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89%EC%9D%B4_%ED%81%B0_%EB%B3%84_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="질량이 큰 별 목록">질량이 큰 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89%EC%9D%B4_%EC%9E%91%EC%9D%80_%EB%B3%84_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="질량이 작은 별 목록">질량이 작은 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%84%EC%88%9C_%EB%B3%84_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="반지름순 별 목록">반지름이 큰 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%89%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0_%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89%EC%88%9C_%EB%B3%84_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="겉보기 등급순 별 목록">밝게 보이는 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EB%8C%80_%EB%93%B1%EA%B8%89%EC%88%9C_%EB%B3%84_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="절대 등급순 별 목록">광도가 큰 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EA%B9%8C%EC%9A%B4_%EB%B3%84_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="가까운 별 목록">가까운 별</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%88%EC%83%89%EC%99%9C%EC%84%B1_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="갈색왜성 목록">갈색왜성</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1_%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99_%EC%97%B0%EB%8C%80%ED%91%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="항성 천문학 연대표 (없는 문서)">항성 천문학 연대표</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="항성목록">항성목록</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A8%EB%A6%AC_%EB%93%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8D%BC_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="헨리 드레이퍼 목록">헨리 드레이퍼 목록</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%88%ED%8C%8C%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="히파르코스 목록">히파르코스 목록</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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