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id="portlet_com_liferay_site_navigation_language_web_portlet_SiteNavigationLanguagePortlet_INSTANCE_portlet_com_liferay_site_navigation_language_web_portlet_SiteNavigationLanguagePortlet_coe_2014"> <div class="portlet-header"> <div class="autofit-col autofit-col-end"> <div class="autofit-section"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="portlet-content"> <div class=" portlet-content-container"> <div class="portlet-body"> <div class="language-option en_GB "> <a href="" class="language-entry" lang="en-GB" localizeLabel="false"> English </a> </div> <div class="language-option fr_FR "> <a href="/en/c/portal/update_language?p_l_id=3937378&redirect=%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Faccessibility&languageId=fr_FR" class="language-entry" lang="fr-FR" localizeLabel="false"> Fran莽ais </a> </div> <div class="language-option de_DE "> <a href="/en/c/portal/update_language?p_l_id=3937378&redirect=%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Faccessibility&languageId=de_DE" class="language-entry" lang="de-DE" localizeLabel="false"> Deutsch </a> </div> <div class="language-option it_IT "> <a href="/en/c/portal/update_language?p_l_id=3937378&redirect=%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Faccessibility&languageId=it_IT" class="language-entry" lang="it-IT" localizeLabel="false"> Italiano </a> </div> <div class="language-option ru_RU "> <a href="/en/c/portal/update_language?p_l_id=3937378&redirect=%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Faccessibility&languageId=ru_RU" class="language-entry" lang="ru-RU" localizeLabel="false"> 袪褍褋褋泻懈泄 </a> </div> <div class="language-option es_ES "> <a href="/en/c/portal/update_language?p_l_id=3937378&redirect=%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Faccessibility&languageId=es_ES" class="language-entry" lang="es-ES" localizeLabel="false"> Espa帽ol </a> </div> <div class="language-option be_BY language-hidden "> <a href="/en/c/portal/update_language?p_l_id=3937378&redirect=%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Faccessibility&languageId=be_BY" class="language-entry" lang="be-BY" localizeLabel="false"> 袘械谢邪褉褍褋泻褨 </a> </div> <style> .has-control-menu .language-hidden, .staging .language-hidden { opacity: 0.6; } .has-control-menu .language-hidden a:after, .staging .language-hidden a:after { content: "\f070"; font-family: Fontawesome, 'fontawesome-alloy'; margin-left: 2px; } body:not(.has-control-menu) .language-hidden, .live-view .language-hidden, .signed-in.controls-hidden.has-control-menu .language-hidden { display: none; } </style> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="connect"> <a class="min-height d-flex align-items-center" href="https://www.coe.int/en/c/portal/login?p_l_id=3937378"> Connect <i class="icon-lock"></i> </a> </div> <div class="search"> <a class="min-height d-flex align-items-center" accesskey="4" href="https://publicsearch.coe.int/?lang=en"> <span class="hidden">Search</span><i class="icon-search"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div id="navigation-menu-button" class="d-lg-none "> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="coe-mobile-menu" class="d-none d-lg-none"> <div class="container"> <div class="close-veil"></div> <div class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-around tools"> <div class="languages"> <div class="dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle thm-background-color thm-background-font-color" data-flip="false" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#"> English <i class="caret"></i> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <div class="sep"> <span class="item-label">Choose language</span> </div> <div class="portlet-boundary portlet-boundary_com_liferay_site_navigation_language_web_portlet_SiteNavigationLanguagePortlet_ portlet-static portlet-static-end portlet-barebone portlet-language " id="p_p_id_com_liferay_site_navigation_language_web_portlet_SiteNavigationLanguagePortlet_INSTANCE_portlet_com_liferay_site_navigation_language_web_portlet_SiteNavigationLanguagePortlet_coe_2014_"> <span id="p_com_liferay_site_navigation_language_web_portlet_SiteNavigationLanguagePortlet_INSTANCE_portlet_com_liferay_site_navigation_language_web_portlet_SiteNavigationLanguagePortlet_coe_2014"></span> <section class="portlet" id="portlet_com_liferay_site_navigation_language_web_portlet_SiteNavigationLanguagePortlet_INSTANCE_portlet_com_liferay_site_navigation_language_web_portlet_SiteNavigationLanguagePortlet_coe_2014"> <div class="portlet-header"> <div class="autofit-col autofit-col-end"> <div class="autofit-section"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="portlet-content"> <div class=" portlet-content-container"> <div class="portlet-body"> <div class="language-option en_GB "> <a href="" class="language-entry" lang="en-GB" localizeLabel="false"> English </a> </div> <div class="language-option fr_FR "> <a href="/en/c/portal/update_language?p_l_id=3937378&redirect=%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Faccessibility&languageId=fr_FR" class="language-entry" lang="fr-FR" localizeLabel="false"> Fran莽ais </a> </div> <div class="language-option de_DE "> <a href="/en/c/portal/update_language?p_l_id=3937378&redirect=%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Faccessibility&languageId=de_DE" class="language-entry" lang="de-DE" localizeLabel="false"> Deutsch </a> </div> <div class="language-option it_IT "> <a href="/en/c/portal/update_language?p_l_id=3937378&redirect=%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Faccessibility&languageId=it_IT" class="language-entry" lang="it-IT" localizeLabel="false"> Italiano </a> </div> <div class="language-option ru_RU "> <a href="/en/c/portal/update_language?p_l_id=3937378&redirect=%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Faccessibility&languageId=ru_RU" class="language-entry" lang="ru-RU" localizeLabel="false"> 袪褍褋褋泻懈泄 </a> </div> <div class="language-option es_ES "> <a href="/en/c/portal/update_language?p_l_id=3937378&redirect=%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Faccessibility&languageId=es_ES" class="language-entry" lang="es-ES" localizeLabel="false"> Espa帽ol </a> </div> <div class="language-option be_BY language-hidden "> <a href="/en/c/portal/update_language?p_l_id=3937378&redirect=%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Faccessibility&languageId=be_BY" class="language-entry" lang="be-BY" localizeLabel="false"> 袘械谢邪褉褍褋泻褨 </a> </div> <style> .has-control-menu .language-hidden, .staging .language-hidden { opacity: 0.6; } .has-control-menu .language-hidden a:after, .staging .language-hidden a:after { content: "\f070"; font-family: Fontawesome, 'fontawesome-alloy'; margin-left: 2px; } body:not(.has-control-menu) .language-hidden, .live-view .language-hidden, .signed-in.controls-hidden.has-control-menu .language-hidden { display: none; } </style> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="connect"> <a class="min-height d-flex align-items-center" href="https://www.coe.int/en/c/portal/login?p_l_id=3937378"> Connect <i class="icon-lock"></i> </a> </div> <div class="search"> <a class="min-height d-flex align-items-center" accesskey="4" href="https://publicsearch.coe.int/?lang=en"> <span class="hidden">Search</span><i class="icon-search"></i> </a> </div> <div class="close-button"></div> </div> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/the-council-of-europe-at-a-glance">Council of Europe at a glance</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/the-council-of-europe-key-facts">The Council of Europe: key facts</a> </li> <li class="sep"> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/about-us/who-we-are">Achievements and History</a> </li> <li class="sep"> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/jobs">Jobs and Traineeships</a> </li> <li class="d-lg-none sep"> <a href="https://www.coe.int">Home</a> </li> <li class="d-lg-none"> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/human-rights">Human Rights</a> </li> <li class="d-lg-none"> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/democracy">Democracy</a> </li> <li class="d-lg-none sep"> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/rule-of-law">Rule of Law</a> </li> <li class="sep"> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/organisation">Administrative entities</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/secretary-general/home">Secretary General</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/deputy-secretary-general/home">Deputy Secretary General</a> </li> <li class="d-lg-none"> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/chairmanship">Chairmanship</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/cm ">Committee of Ministers</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="http://assembly.coe.int/nw/Home-EN.asp">Parliamentary Assembly</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/congress">Congress of Local and Regional Authorities</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="http://www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=home&c=">European Court of Human Rights</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/commissioner">Commissioner for Human Rights</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/ingo">Conference of INGOs</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/monitoring-bodies">Monitoring bodies</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/secretary-general/private-office">Private Office</a> </li> <li class="sep"> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/conventions/">Treaty Office</a> </li> <li class="sep"> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/46-members-states">46 Member States</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/files">Theme files</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/newsroom">Newsroom</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/events">Events</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://book.coe.int/eur/">Bookshop</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://edoc.coe.int/">Online resources</a> </li> <li class="d-lg-none sep"> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/about-us/contacts">Contact</a> </li> <li class="d-lg-none"> <a href="https://www.coe.int/web/portal/extranet">Intranet</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="pillar-content" class="container collapse"> <div class="loading-animation"></div> </div> <script> $(function(){ let $mobileMenuContainer = $('#coe-mobile-menu'); //Display mobile menu when clicking the burger button $('#navigation-menu-button').click(function() { $mobileMenuContainer.removeClass('d-none'); }); //Hide mobile menu when clicking anywhere $mobileMenuContainer.find('.close-veil, .close-button').click(function() { $mobileMenuContainer.addClass('d-none'); }); }); </script> <section id="wrapper" class="container"> <div id="content"> <div class="portlet-boundary portlet-boundary_com_liferay_site_navigation_breadcrumb_web_portlet_SiteNavigationBreadcrumbPortlet_ portlet-static portlet-static-end portlet-barebone portlet-breadcrumb " id="p_p_id_com_liferay_site_navigation_breadcrumb_web_portlet_SiteNavigationBreadcrumbPortlet_INSTANCE_portalbreadcrumb_"> <span id="p_com_liferay_site_navigation_breadcrumb_web_portlet_SiteNavigationBreadcrumbPortlet_INSTANCE_portalbreadcrumb"></span> <section class="portlet" id="portlet_com_liferay_site_navigation_breadcrumb_web_portlet_SiteNavigationBreadcrumbPortlet_INSTANCE_portalbreadcrumb"> <div class="portlet-header"> <div class="autofit-col autofit-col-end"> <div class="autofit-section"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="portlet-content"> <div class=" portlet-content-container"> <div class="portlet-body"> <nav aria-label="Breadcrumb" id="_com_liferay_site_navigation_breadcrumb_web_portlet_SiteNavigationBreadcrumbPortlet_INSTANCE_portalbreadcrumb_breadcrumbs-defaultScreen"> <span class="you-are-here"> You are here: </span> <ol itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" aria-label="Breadcrumb" class="breadcrumb breadcrumb-horizontal"> <li class=" first breadcrumb-truncate" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" > <a itemprop="item" href="/en/web/portal"> <span itemprop="name">Portal</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"> </li> <li class=" last breadcrumb-truncate" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" > <span itemprop="name">Accessibility</span> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <h1 class="header-title">Accessibility</h1> <div class="hidden-phone" id="share-widget"> <a title="Share on X (Twitter=)" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" class="share-twitter shareurl share-short"> <img src="https://static.coe.int/pics/theme/coe-2014/share/icon-twitter-rounded.png"> </a> <a title="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=" class="share-facebook shareurl share-short"> <img src="https://static.coe.int/pics/theme/coe-2014/share/icon-facebook-rounded.png"> </a> <a title="Share on Linkedin" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=" class="share-linkedin shareurl share-short"> <img src="https://static.coe.int/pics/theme/coe-2014/share/icon-linkedin-rounded.png"> </a> <a title="Send this page" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#bd82dfd2d9c480" class="share-mail shareurl"> <img src="https://static.coe.int/pics/theme/coe-2014/share/icon-mail-rounded.png"> </a> </div> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script> $(function() { let $shareWidget = $('#share-widget'); $shareWidget.find('a').each(function(i,el){ let $link = $(el); let new_href = $link.attr('href') + encodeURI(window.location.href); $link.attr('href', new_href); }); $shareWidget.find('a.share-facebook, a.share-linkedin, a.share-twitter').click(function(e){ e.preventDefault(); window.open($(this).attr('href'), "", "status = 1, height = 500, width = 360, resizable = 0"); }); //Scrollspy let scrollTimeout = null; $(window).scroll(function(){ clearTimeout(scrollTimeout); scrollTimeout = setTimeout(function() { if ($(window).scrollTop() >= 110) { $shareWidget.addClass('fixed'); } else { $shareWidget.removeClass('fixed'); } }, 10); }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> .master-layout-fragment .portlet-header { display: none; } </style> <div class="columns-1" id="main-content" role="main"> <div class="portlet-layout row"> <div class="col-md-12 portlet-column portlet-column-only" id="column-1"> <div class="portlet-dropzone portlet-column-content portlet-column-content-only" id="layout-column_column-1"> <div class="portlet-boundary portlet-boundary_com_liferay_journal_content_web_portlet_JournalContentPortlet_ portlet-static portlet-static-end portlet-borderless portlet-journal-content " id="p_p_id_com_liferay_journal_content_web_portlet_JournalContentPortlet_INSTANCE_mzilMLld9zmR_"> <span id="p_com_liferay_journal_content_web_portlet_JournalContentPortlet_INSTANCE_mzilMLld9zmR"></span> <section class="portlet" id="portlet_com_liferay_journal_content_web_portlet_JournalContentPortlet_INSTANCE_mzilMLld9zmR"> <div class="portlet-header"> <div class="autofit-col autofit-col-end"> <div class="autofit-section"> <div class="visible-interaction"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="portlet-content"> <div class=" portlet-content-container"> <div class="portlet-body"> <div class="" data-fragments-editor-item-id="10108-3937386" data-fragments-editor-item-type="fragments-editor-mapped-item" > <div class="journal-content-article " data-analytics-asset-id="3937384" data-analytics-asset-title="Accessibility" data-analytics-asset-type="web-content"> <div class="content"><h2>Navigation principles are explained in the two following sections:</h2> <p> </p> <h3>Skip links</h3> <p>Skip links are a fast way to go directly to the desired section : Main content or sitemap.</p> <p>Skip links are stated at the beginning of the document (for vocal or braille browsers) and position the reading tools to some parts and avoid others.<br /> </p> <h3>Keyboard shortcuts</h3> <p>To ease the navigation, keyboard shortcuts are used throughout the site.</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 54px;"> <p align="center"><strong>1</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 559px;"> <p>Home</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 54px;"> <p align="center"><strong>0</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 559px;"> <p>Accessibility</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 54px;"> <p align="center"><strong>s</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 559px;"> <p>Main content</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 54px;"> <p align="center"><strong>3</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 559px;"> <p>Sitemap</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 54px;"> <p align="center"><strong>4</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 559px;"> <p>Searchform</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 54px;"> <p align="center"><strong>7</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 559px;"> <p>Contact form</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 54px;"> <p align="center"><strong>8</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 559px;"> <p>Copyright, disclaimer</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>The key combinations for these shortcuts vary from one browser to another. <br /> Here are the procedures to follow to activate these keyboard shortcuts in the main browsers:</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 338px;"> <p>Internet Explorer <strong>Windows</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 276px;"> <p><strong>Alt</strong> & [Keyboard shortcut], then <strong>Enter</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 338px;"> <p>Mozilla, Chrome, Netscape, K-Meleon, FireFox <strong>Windows</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 276px;"> <p><strong>Alt</strong> & [Keyboard shortcut]</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 338px;"> <p>Opera 7 <strong>Windows</strong>, <strong>Macintosh</strong>, <strong>Linux</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 276px;"> <p><strong>Maj</strong> + <strong>Echap</strong> et [Keyboard shortcut]</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 338px;"> <p>MSIE <strong>Macintosh</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 276px;"> <p><strong>Ctrl</strong> &[Keyboard shortcut], then <strong>Enter</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 338px;"> <p>Safari 1.2 <strong>Macintosh</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 276px;"> <p><strong>Ctrl</strong> & [Keyboard shortcut]</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 338px;"> <p>Mozilla, Netscape <strong>Macintosh</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 276px;"> <p><strong>Ctrl</strong> & [Keyboard shortcut]</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 338px;"> <p>Galeon/Mozilla/FireFox <strong>Linux</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 276px;"> <p><strong>Alt</strong> & [Keyboard shortcut]</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <h3>PDF documents </h3> <p>The majority of documents are shown in PDF format. If you do not have Acrobat Reader, you can download it from the Adobe website. <br /> </p> <h3>Useful links</h3> <ul class="list1"> <li><strong>W3C recommandations :</strong> <a href="http://www.w3.org/">http://www.w3.org/</a></li> <li><strong>W3 WAI :</strong> <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/">http://www.w3.org/WAI/</a></li> <li><strong>Color contrast test :</strong> <a href="http://www.snook.ca/technical/colour_contrast/">http://www.snook.ca/technical/colour_contrast/</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <form action="#" aria-hidden="true" class="hide" id="hrefFm" method="post" name="hrefFm"><span></span><button hidden type="submit">Hidden</button></form> </div> </section> <footer id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="container-fluid thm-background-color" id="footer-edge"> </div> <div id="footer-links" > <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-2"> <h3>About</h3> <ul> <li> <a 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