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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Greek classical period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_classical_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egyptian_late_antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egyptian_late_antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Egyptian late antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egyptian_late_antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathodaimon_(mytologie)" title="Agathodaimon (mytologie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Agathodaimon (mytologie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathos_Daimon" title="Agathos Daimon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Agathos Daimon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BC%CF%89%CE%BD_(%CE%BC%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Αγαθοδαίμων (μυθολογία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγαθοδαίμων (μυθολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agatodemon" title="Agatodemon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agatodemon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathod%C3%A9mon" title="Agathodémon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Agathodémon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathodaimon_(divinit%C3%A0)" title="Agathodaimon (divinità) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Agathodaimon (divinità)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agatodemonas" title="Agatodemonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Agatodemonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathodaimon_tal%C3%A1nya" title="Agathodaimon talánya – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Agathodaimon talánya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathodaimon_(mythologie)" title="Agathodaimon (mythologie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Agathodaimon (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AC%E3%83%88%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="アガトダイモーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アガトダイモーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agatodajmon" title="Agatodajmon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Agatodajmon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Агатодемон (божество) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Агатодемон (божество)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Агатодемон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Агатодемон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathos_Daimon" title="Agathos Daimon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Agathos Daimon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathos_Daimon" title="Agathos Daimon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Agathos Daimon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%BD%E5%BF%92%E4%BF%84%E6%96%AF" title="阿伽忒俄斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿伽忒俄斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q391553#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Greek <a href="/wiki/Daemon_(classical_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daemon (classical mythology)">daemon</a>. For other uses of this name, see <a href="/wiki/Agathodaemon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Agathodaemon (disambiguation)">Agathodaemon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;">Agathos Daimon</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="font-size: 110%;">Fertility, grain, health</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Agathosdaimon_Catacombs_of_Kom_El_Shoqafa,_Alexandria,_Egypt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Agathosdaimon_Catacombs_of_Kom_El_Shoqafa%2C_Alexandria%2C_Egypt.jpg/250px-Agathosdaimon_Catacombs_of_Kom_El_Shoqafa%2C_Alexandria%2C_Egypt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Agathosdaimon_Catacombs_of_Kom_El_Shoqafa%2C_Alexandria%2C_Egypt.jpg/330px-Agathosdaimon_Catacombs_of_Kom_El_Shoqafa%2C_Alexandria%2C_Egypt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Agathosdaimon_Catacombs_of_Kom_El_Shoqafa%2C_Alexandria%2C_Egypt.jpg/500px-Agathosdaimon_Catacombs_of_Kom_El_Shoqafa%2C_Alexandria%2C_Egypt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="2237" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Agathos Daimon wearing a <a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">pschent</a>, the double crown of Egypt, holding a <a href="/wiki/Thyrsus" title="Thyrsus">thyrsus</a> (left) and a <a href="/wiki/Caduceus" title="Caduceus">caduceus</a> (right)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major cult centre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, Egypt</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Animals</th><td class="infobox-data">Snakes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">Horn of Plenty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Day</th><td class="infobox-data">2 February (<a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a>)<br />25 <a href="/wiki/Tobi_(month)" title="Tobi (month)">Tybi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egyptian_calendar" title="Egyptian calendar">Egyptian</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gender</th><td class="infobox-data">Male</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tyche" title="Tyche">Tyche Agathe</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Equivalents</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pre-Ptolemaic Egyptian</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Agathos Daimon</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ἀγαθός δαίμων</span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">agathós daímōn</i></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">noble spirit</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originally was a lesser deity (<i><a href="/wiki/Daemon_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daemon (mythology)">daemon</a></i>) of classical <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">ancient Greek religion</a> and Graeco-Egyptian religion. In his original Greek form, he served as a <a href="/wiki/Household_deity" title="Household deity">household god</a>, to whom, along with <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus Soter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libation" title="Libation">libations</a> were made after a meal. In later <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic</a> antiquity he took on two partially distinct roles; one as the Agathos Daimon a prominent <a href="/wiki/Serpent_symbolism" title="Serpent symbolism">serpentine</a> civic <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">god</a>, who served as the special protector of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>. The other as a genus of serpentine household gods, the Agathoi Daimones, individual protectors of the homes in which they were worshipped.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agathodaemon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agathos Daimon was attested in domestic context in Greece as early as the fifth century BC, and yet he was typically not represented there in the form of a snake, as opposed to in Alexandria, where he was abundantly so represented.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>"His origin in Alexandria is a matter of dispute, with two conflicting views either painting Agathos Daimon as a Greek cultural importation later identified with Serapis and with Egyptian gods Šai (Shai), Knephis (<a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a>), Khnum, Soknopis,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as a Hellenized native Egyptian household god.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quaegebeur points out the near absence of Greek sources of the Ptolemaic age for the cult of Agathos Daimon, contrasted with the abundance of Egyptian attestations of the god Šai in this age and the poignant evidence of the <a href="/wiki/Oracle_of_the_Potter" title="Oracle of the Potter">Oracle of the Potter</a> ..."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The Oracle of the Potter, an Egyptian nationalistic text, predicted the coming doom of Alexandria, with the local gods Knephis (also often represented as a serpent) and <b>Agathos Daimon</b> leaving the city for Memphis, and the defeat of the Macedonian invaders, and their 'age of chaos'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Greek_classical_period">Greek classical period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agathodaemon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Greek classical period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though he is noted in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> conjectured that the name was merely an epithet of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was customary to <a href="/wiki/Libation" title="Libation">drink or pour out a few drops</a> of unmixed wine to honor the Agathos Daimon after a meal.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Peace_(play)" title="Peace (play)">Peace</a></i>, when War has trapped Peace (Εἰρήνη <i><a href="/wiki/Eirene_(Greek_goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eirene (Greek goddess)">Eirene</a></i>) in a deep pit, <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> comes to give aid: "Now, oh Greeks! is the moment when, freed of quarrels and fighting, we should rescue sweet <i>Eirene</i> and draw her out of this pit... This is the moment to drain a cup in honor of the <i>Agathos Daimon</i>." A temple dedicated to them was situated on the road from <a href="/wiki/Megalopolis,_Greece" title="Megalopolis, Greece">Megalopolis</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mainalo" title="Mainalo">Maenalus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(ancient_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia (ancient region)">Arcadia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DGRBM_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGRBM-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Agathos Daimon</i> was the spouse or companion of <i><a href="/wiki/Tyche" title="Tyche">Tyche</a> Agathe</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Τύχη Ἀγαθή</span></span>, "Good Fortune"). "Tyche we know at <a href="/wiki/Livadeia" title="Livadeia">Lebadeia</a> as the wife of the Agathos Daimon, the Good or Rich Spirit".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911371_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911371-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison1922355–ff,_543_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison1922355–ff,_543-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their <a href="/wiki/Numen" title="Numen">numinous presence</a> could be represented in art as a <a href="/wiki/Serpent_(symbolism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serpent (symbolism)">serpent</a> or more concretely as a young man bearing a <a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">cornucopia</a> and a bowl in one hand, and a poppy and an ear of grain in the other.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911371_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911371-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_god_Sarapis_Amun_Agathodaemon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Statue_of_god_Sarapis_Amun_Agathodaemon.jpg/220px-Statue_of_god_Sarapis_Amun_Agathodaemon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Statue_of_god_Sarapis_Amun_Agathodaemon.jpg/330px-Statue_of_god_Sarapis_Amun_Agathodaemon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Statue_of_god_Sarapis_Amun_Agathodaemon.jpg/440px-Statue_of_god_Sarapis_Amun_Agathodaemon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2171" data-file-height="3158" /></a><figcaption>Copper statuette of the god Sarapis Amun Agathodaemon. <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum, Athens</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Agathos Daimon was also identified with <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> <a href="/wiki/Meilichios" title="Meilichios">Meilichios</a>, as well as with <a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Egypt, a similar deity was <a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a>, who was known as the god of fate. His worship went back as far as the time of <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> in the New Kingdom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Egyptian_late_antiquity">Egyptian late antiquity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agathodaemon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Egyptian late antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandria-_Antoninus_Pius_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett,_Berlin_-_5541132.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alexandria-_Antoninus_Pius_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5541132.jpg/220px-Alexandria-_Antoninus_Pius_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5541132.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alexandria-_Antoninus_Pius_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5541132.jpg/330px-Alexandria-_Antoninus_Pius_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5541132.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alexandria-_Antoninus_Pius_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5541132.jpg/440px-Alexandria-_Antoninus_Pius_-_M%C3%BCnzkabinett%2C_Berlin_-_5541132.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1693" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Coin of <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a>, 160 AD from <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, Egypt. On the reverse to the left, a serpent portrayal of Agathodaimon; to the right, a portrayals of an <a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a> serpent.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretic atmosphere</a> of <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">late Antiquity</a>, agathodaemons could be bound up with Egyptian bringers of security and good fortune: a gem carved with magic emblems bears the images of <a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a> with crocodile, sun-lion and <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a> mummy surrounded by the lion-headed snake <a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Chnum</a>–Agathodaemon–<a href="/wiki/Aion_(deity)" title="Aion (deity)">Aion</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a> on the reverse.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agathodaemon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cacodaemon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacodaemon">Cacodaemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaemon_(mythology)" title="Eudaemon (mythology)">Eudaemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_(mythology)" title="Genius (mythology)">Genius</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agathodaemon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sometimes written as <b>Agathodaemon</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ἀγαθοδαίμων</span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">agathodaímōn</i></span>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agathodaemon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOgden2013" class="citation book cs1">Ogden, Daniel (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/837855776"><i>Drakōn : dragon myth and serpent cult in the Greek and Roman worlds</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">286–</span>309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955732-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955732-5"><bdi>978-0-19-955732-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/837855776">837855776</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drak%C5%8Dn+%3A+dragon+myth+and+serpent+cult+in+the+Greek+and+Roman+worlds&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E286-%3C%2Fspan%3E309&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F837855776&rft.isbn=978-0-19-955732-5&rft.aulast=Ogden&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F837855776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgathodaemon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krzysztof Nawotka, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtMuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA106">The Alexander Romance by Ps.-Callisthenes: A Historical Commentary</a>, [2017], pp.106-8; (cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earlywritings.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=10627">earlywritings.com</a>, 2023)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For this view see: Fraser, P.M. 1972. Ptolemaic Alexandria, Vols i–iii. Oxford. i, 209–212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quaegebeur, J. 1975. Le dieu égyptien Shaï dans la religion et l’onomastique. Leuven. pp. 170–176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krzysztof Nawotka, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtMuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA106">The Alexander Romance by Ps.-Callisthenes: A Historical Commentary</a>, [2017], pp.106-8; (cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earlywritings.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=10627">earlywritings.com</a>, 2023)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <i>Description of Greece</i>, viii. 36. § 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Martin_P._Nilsson" title="Martin P. Nilsson">Martin P. Nilsson</a>, <i>Greek Folk Religion</i>. (Columbia University Press), 1981:33, 70, 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFraser1972" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, Peter M. (1972). <i>Ptolemaic Alexandria</i>. Vol. I. Oxford: Claredon Press. p. 210.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ptolemaic+Alexandria&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Claredon+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgathodaemon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DGRBM-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DGRBM_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchmitz1867" class="citation cs2">Schmitz, Leonhard (1867), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051026200326/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0074.html">"Agathodaemon"</a>, in Smith, William (ed.), <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>, vol. 1, Boston, p. 65, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0074.html">the original</a> on 2005-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-05</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Agathodaemon&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Biography+and+Mythology&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=65&rft.date=1867&rft.aulast=Schmitz&rft.aufirst=Leonhard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientlibrary.com%2Fsmith-bio%2F0074.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgathodaemon" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911371-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911371_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911371_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 371.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrison1922355–ff,_543-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrison1922355–ff,_543_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarrison1922">Harrison 1922</a>, pp. 355–ff, 543.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">João Pedro Feliciano 2016, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/27115429/">The Agathos Daimon in Greco-Egyptian religion.</a> The Hermetic Tablet: The Journal of Ritual Magic 3 (2016), 171–92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Illustrated in W. Fauth, <i>Helios Megistos: zur synkretistischen Theologie der Spätantike</i> (Leiden: Brill) 1995:85.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Agathodaemon_(spirit)" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Agathodaemon (spirit)">Agathodaemon</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 371.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Agathodaemon&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=371&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgathodaemon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agathodaemon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1922" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Jane Ellen (1922). <i>Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion</i> (3rd ed.). pp. 355–ff, 543.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prolegomena+to+the+Study+of+Greek+Religion&rft.pages=355-ff%2C+543&rft.edition=3rd&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Jane+Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgathodaemon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agathodaemon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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