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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career in the Marcos Sr. Cabinet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career_in_the_Marcos_Sr._Cabinet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career in the Marcos Sr. Cabinet subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career_in_the_Marcos_Sr._Cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Before_Martial_Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_Martial_Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Before Martial Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_Martial_Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Martial_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martial_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Martial law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martial_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preparations_for_the_declaration_of_martial_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparations_for_the_declaration_of_martial_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Preparations for the declaration of martial law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparations_for_the_declaration_of_martial_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alleged_September_22,_1972_ambush" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_September_22,_1972_ambush"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Alleged September 22, 1972 ambush</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alleged_September_22,_1972_ambush-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Martial_law_administration_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martial_law_administration_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Martial law administration role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martial_law_administration_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_logging,_and_in_the_Coconut_Authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_logging,_and_in_the_Coconut_Authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Role in logging, and in the Coconut Authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_logging,_and_in_the_Coconut_Authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reduced_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reduced_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Reduced influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reduced_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_aborted_coup_and_the_People_Power_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_aborted_coup_and_the_People_Power_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Role in aborted coup and the People Power Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_aborted_coup_and_the_People_Power_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career_in_the_Aquino_Cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career_in_the_Aquino_Cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Career in the Aquino Cabinet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career_in_the_Aquino_Cabinet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career in the Aquino Cabinet subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career_in_the_Aquino_Cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appointment_and_disagreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointment_and_disagreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Appointment and disagreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointment_and_disagreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"God_Save_the_Queen"_plot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"God_Save_the_Queen"_plot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>"God Save the Queen" plot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"God_Save_the_Queen"_plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forced_resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forced_resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Forced resignation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forced_resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congressional_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congressional_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Congressional career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Congressional_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Congressional career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Congressional_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Senate_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Senate_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>First Senate term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Senate_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_of_the_House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_the_House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Member of the House of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_the_House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_to_fourth_senate_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_to_fourth_senate_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Second to fourth senate terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_to_fourth_senate_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate_Presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate_Presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Senate Presidency</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Senate_Presidency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Senate Presidency subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Senate_Presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maguindanao_martial_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maguindanao_martial_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Maguindanao martial law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maguindanao_martial_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Re-election_as_Senate_President" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Re-election_as_Senate_President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Re-election as Senate President</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Re-election_as_Senate_President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corona's_impeachment,_various_feuds,_and_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corona's_impeachment,_various_feuds,_and_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Corona's impeachment, various feuds, and controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corona's_impeachment,_various_feuds,_and_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Resignation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Senate_career_(2016–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Senate_career_(2016–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Post-Senate career (2016–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Senate_career_(2016–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enrile_cash_gift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enrile_cash_gift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Enrile cash gift</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enrile_cash_gift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Involvement_in_the_pork_barrel_scam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Involvement_in_the_pork_barrel_scam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Involvement in the pork barrel scam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Involvement_in_the_pork_barrel_scam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extra-marital_affair_with_Gigi_Reyes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extra-marital_affair_with_Gigi_Reyes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Extra-marital affair with Gigi Reyes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extra-marital_affair_with_Gigi_Reyes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seeking_clemency_for_those_convicted_of_the_Aquino_assassination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seeking_clemency_for_those_convicted_of_the_Aquino_assassination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Seeking clemency for those convicted of the Aquino assassination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seeking_clemency_for_those_convicted_of_the_Aquino_assassination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Public image</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Depiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3.1</span> <span>Depiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Juan Ponce Enrile</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84" title="خوان بونس إنريل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خوان بونس إنريل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87" title="জুয়ান পন্স এনরিলে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জুয়ান পন্স এনরিলে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Juan Ponce Enrile" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Juan Ponce Enrile" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce-Enrile" title="Juan Ponce-Enrile – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juan Ponce-Enrile" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Juan Ponce Enrile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%95%88_%ED%8F%B0%EC%84%B8_%EC%97%94%EB%A6%B4%EB%A0%88" title="후안 폰세 엔릴레 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="후안 폰세 엔릴레" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Juan Ponce Enrile" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Juan Ponce Enrile" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Juan Ponce Enrile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iohannes_Ponce-Enrile" title="Iohannes Ponce-Enrile – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iohannes Ponce-Enrile" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86" title="ഹുവാൻ പോൺസ് എൻറീലെ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹുവാൻ പോൺസ് എൻറീലെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84" title="خوان بونس انريل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خوان بونس انريل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce-Enrile" title="Juan Ponce-Enrile – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Juan Ponce-Enrile" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Juan Ponce Enrile" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Juan Ponce Enrile" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Juan Ponce Enrile" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a 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from 2008 to 2013</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Philippine name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a> or maternal  <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i>Furagganan</i> and the surname or paternal family name is <i>Ponce Enrile</i>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Juan Ponce Enrile</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Ponce_Enrile_COC_2019_elections_filing_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Juan_Ponce_Enrile_COC_2019_elections_filing_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Juan_Ponce_Enrile_COC_2019_elections_filing_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Juan_Ponce_Enrile_COC_2019_elections_filing_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Juan_Ponce_Enrile_COC_2019_elections_filing_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Juan_Ponce_Enrile_COC_2019_elections_filing_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Juan_Ponce_Enrile_COC_2019_elections_filing_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="587" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Enrile in October 2018</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chief Presidential Legal Counsel</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />June 30, 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Melchor_Quitain" title="Jesus Melchor Quitain">Jesus Melchor Quitain</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">21st <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">President of the Senate of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 17, 2008 – June 5, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Villar" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Villar">Manny Villar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a> <i>(Acting)</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minority_Floor_Leader_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate Minority Leader</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 24, 2015 – June 30, 2016</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a> <i>(Acting)</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">Ralph Recto</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 22, 2013 – July 28, 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a> <i>(Acting)</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 27, 1987 – January 18, 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Re-established<br /><small>Title last held by <a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Roxas" title="Gerardo Roxas">Gerardo Roxas</a></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wigberto_Ta%C3%B1ada" title="Wigberto Tañada">Wigberto Tañada</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senator of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2016</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 1995 – June 30, 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 15, 1987 – June 30, 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cagayan%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Cagayan's 1st congressional district">1st</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Domingo A. Tuazon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Patricio T. Antonio</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Regular_Batasang_Pambansa" title="Regular Batasang Pambansa">Regular Batasang Pambansa</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 1984 – March 25, 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Interim_Batasang_Pambansa" title="Interim Batasang Pambansa">Interim Batasang Pambansa</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">Region II</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 12, 1978 – June 5, 1984</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">15th <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of National Defense (Philippines)">Minister of National Defense</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 4, 1972 – November 23, 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Ferdinand Marcos</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Ileto" title="Rafael Ileto">Rafael Ileto</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 9, 1970 – August 27, 1971</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Ferdinand Marcos</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Ernesto Ma</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Ferdinand Marcos</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">36th <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Justice (Philippines)">Secretary of Justice</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 17, 1968 – February 7, 1970</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Ferdinand Marcos</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Teehankee" title="Claudio Teehankee">Claudio Teehankee Sr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Felix Makasiar</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Undersecretary for Finance</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1, 1966 – December 17, 1968</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Ferdinand Marcos</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Customs_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Customs (Philippines)">Bureau of Customs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1966–1968</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Ferdinand Marcos</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jacinto T. Gavino</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Rolando G. Geotina</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Juan Valentin Furagganan<sup id="cite_ref-furagganan_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-furagganan-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1924-02-14</span>) </span>February 14, 1924<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 100)</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Gonzaga,_Cagayan" title="Gonzaga, Cagayan">Gonzaga, Cagayan</a>, Philippines<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a> (2004–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a> (2001–2004)<br /><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (1995–2001)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">KBL</a> (1978–1987)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a> (1965–1978; 1987–1995)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Cristina Castañer</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1957)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2, including <a href="/wiki/Jack_Enrile" title="Jack Enrile">Jack</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Armida_Siguion-Reyna" title="Armida Siguion-Reyna">Armida Siguion-Reyna</a> (half-sister)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Gonzaga,_Cagayan" title="Gonzaga, Cagayan">Gonzaga, Cagayan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dasmari%C3%B1as_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasmariñas Village">Dasmariñas Village</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Associate_degree" title="Associate degree">AA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman" title="University of the Philippines Diliman">University of the Philippines Diliman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LL.B</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">LL.M</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Lawyer<br />Ponce Enrile, Reyes & Manalastas (1983–2020)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Juan Valentin Furagganan Ponce Enrile Sr.</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Legion_of_Honor" title="Philippine Legion of Honor">CLH</a></span> (born <b>Juan Valentin Furagganan</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-furagganan32_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-furagganan32-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> February 14, 1924), also referred to by his initials <b>JPE</b>, is a Filipino politician and lawyer who served as 21st <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">President of the Senate of the Philippines</a> from 2008 to 2013 and known for his role in the administration of Philippine president <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>; his role in the <a href="/wiki/February_1986_Reform_the_Armed_Forces_Movement_coup" title="February 1986 Reform the Armed Forces Movement coup">failed coup</a> that helped hasten the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">1986 People Power Revolution</a> and the ouster of Marcos; and his tenure in the Philippine legislature in the years after the revolution. Enrile has served four terms in the Senate, in a total of twenty-two years, he holds the third longest-tenure in the history of the upper chamber. In 2022, at the age of 98, he returned to government office as the Chief Presidential Legal Counsel in the administration of President <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a>. </p><p>Enrile was a <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Protégé">protégé</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> Ferdinand Marcos who served as <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Justice Secretary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of National Defense (Philippines)">Defense Minister</a> during the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965-1986)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1965-1986)">Marcos administration</a>. Enrile played a key role in the planning and documentary legwork for Martial Law, and was in charge of the Philippine Military during its implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-DML_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DML-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other roles in this period included Presidency of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coconut_Authority" title="Philippine Coconut Authority">Philippine Coconut Authority</a> through which he gained control of the copra industry together with <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Cojuangco_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.">Danding Cojuangco</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nhcp3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhcp3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and being the general put in charge of logging in the Philippines under martial law - a period during which lumber exports were so extensive that the forest cover of the Philippines shrank until only 8% remained.<sup id="cite_ref-nhcp3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhcp3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1980s, however, rising factionalism in the Marcos administration led to a reduction in Enrile's influence within the administration.<sup id="cite_ref-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enrile and the <a href="/wiki/Reform_the_Armed_Forces_Movement" title="Reform the Armed Forces Movement">Reform the Armed Forces Movement</a> organized a plot to overthrow Marcos in February 1986, but they were discovered. Deciding to stage a last stand in <a href="/wiki/Camp_Aguinaldo" title="Camp Aguinaldo">Camp Aguinaldo</a>, Enrile sought support from other units of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a> and received it from <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Constabulary" title="Philippine Constabulary">Philippine Constabulary</a> General <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidel Ramos">Fidel Ramos</a> in nearby <a href="/wiki/Camp_Crame" title="Camp Crame">Camp Crame</a>, who joined Enrile in withdrawing support for Marcos in February 1986. Marcos moved to put down the dissenters in Camps Aguinaldo and Crame, but civilians who were already preparing mass protests in response to electoral fraud during the <a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">1986 Philippine presidential election</a> went en masse to <a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">Epifanio de los Santos Avenue</a> near Enrile and Ramos's forces, and prevented Marcos from assaulting the coup organizers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mass movement of citizens to protect Enrile and Ramos was one of the key moments of the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">1986 People Power Revolution</a> which drove Marcos out of power and into exile. Enrile has continued to be a politician since 1986; he was the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from November 2008 until his resignation on June 5, 2013. He remained a Senator until 2016, latterly as Minority Leader. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:09705jfBaliuag_Museum_and_Library_Bulacan_Exhibitfvf_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/09705jfBaliuag_Museum_and_Library_Bulacan_Exhibitfvf_01.jpg/150px-09705jfBaliuag_Museum_and_Library_Bulacan_Exhibitfvf_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/09705jfBaliuag_Museum_and_Library_Bulacan_Exhibitfvf_01.jpg/225px-09705jfBaliuag_Museum_and_Library_Bulacan_Exhibitfvf_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/09705jfBaliuag_Museum_and_Library_Bulacan_Exhibitfvf_01.jpg/300px-09705jfBaliuag_Museum_and_Library_Bulacan_Exhibitfvf_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Enrile's portrait during his younger days</figcaption></figure> <p>Enrile was born on February 14, 1924, in <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga,_Cagayan" title="Gonzaga, Cagayan">Gonzaga, Cagayan</a>, to Petra Furagganan, the stepdaughter of a poor fisherman. He was born out of wedlock, as his father, the Spanish <i><a href="/wiki/Filipino_mestizo" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino mestizo">mestizo</a></i> lawyer and influential provincial politician Alfonso Ponce Enrile, was already married. At the time of his birth, Alfonso served as a representative from the <a href="/wiki/Cagayan%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Cagayan's 1st congressional district">1st district of Cagayan</a>. He was baptized into the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a> (Aglipayan) as Juanito Furagganan.<sup id="cite_ref-furagganan32_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-furagganan32-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He converted to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> at age 20.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a young man, he was reunited with his father in the <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">City of Manila</a> and took his secondary education at Saint James Academy in <a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a>. His father took legal steps in changing his name to Juan Ponce Enrile, the name that he would use for his pre-law enrollment.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He graduated <a href="/wiki/Cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Cum laude">cum laude</a> in 1949 with an <a href="/wiki/Associate_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate of Arts">Associate of Arts</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Ateneo de Manila">Ateneo de Manila</a>. Afterward, he attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_College_of_Law" title="University of the Philippines College of Law">College of Law</a> and graduated <i>cum laude</i> with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">Bachelor of Laws</a> degree. While in law school, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Rho" title="Sigma Rho">Sigma Rho</a> fraternity, the oldest law-based fraternity in Asia with other Senate colleagues such as <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a> and father and son duo <a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Angara" title="Sonny Angara">Sonny Angara</a> among many others. Upon graduation, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Pi_Gamma_Mu" title="Pi Gamma Mu">Pi Gamma Mu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phi_Kappa_Phi" title="Phi Kappa Phi">Phi Kappa Phi</a> international honor societies. He scored 11th in the 1953 <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Bar_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Bar Examination">bar examinations</a> with a 91.72% rating and a perfect score in mercantile law. As a scholar at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>, he earned a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">Master of Laws</a> degree with specialized training in international tax law. </p><p>He taught law at the <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_University" title="Far Eastern University">Far Eastern University</a> and practiced law in his father's law firm before taking responsibility for then-Senator <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>' personal legal affairs in 1964, especially during the latter's term as Senate President. After Marcos was elected president in 1965, Enrile became part of his inner circle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_in_the_Marcos_Sr._Cabinet">Career in the Marcos Sr. Cabinet<span id="Career_in_the_Marcos_Cabinet"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career in the Marcos Sr. Cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcos_in_Washington_1983.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Marcos_in_Washington_1983.jpg/200px-Marcos_in_Washington_1983.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Marcos_in_Washington_1983.jpg/300px-Marcos_in_Washington_1983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Marcos_in_Washington_1983.jpg/400px-Marcos_in_Washington_1983.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2840" data-file-height="1860" /></a><figcaption> Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile with President <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> boarding to a <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Airlines" title="Philippine Airlines">Philippine Airlines</a> Boeing 747-200 Presidential Flight</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_Martial_Law">Before Martial Law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Before Martial Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enrile, like Marcos, comes from the northern Philippines, a region that had become Marcos' recruiting ground for key political and military leaders during his time. Enrile was with Marcos since his election in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-ERF32_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERF32-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His campaign efforts were rewarded with an appointment as chief of the Bureau of Customs and the government's service insurance commission. </p><p>From 1966 to 1968, he was the Undersecretary and sometime Acting Secretary of the Department of Finance. He concurrently became acting Insurance Commissioner and Commissioner of the Bureau of Customs. From 1968 to 1970, he was the Secretary of Justice.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">Department of National Defense</a> would expand its power when Marcos assumed the presidency in 1965. Marcos appointed Enrile as his Secretary of National Defense on February 9, 1970, a position Enrile held until August 27, 1971, when he resigned to run unsuccessfully for the senate.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was re-appointed Defense Secretary by Marcos on January 4, 1972. As Defense Secretary, he was the highest-ranked commissioned officer of a nation's armed forces.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Martial_law">Martial law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Martial law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Preparations_for_the_declaration_of_martial_law">Preparations for the declaration of martial law</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Preparations for the declaration of martial law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the beginning of Marcos' period in government, Enrile was one of the few that the former president trusted, and was seen by many as Marcos' protégé. For almost the entire period of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_the_Philippines" title="Martial law in the Philippines">Martial Law</a>, Enrile served officially as the martial law administrator as he was in charge of all the armed forces' services during that time. Furthermore, as early as Marcos' planning and preparation for the declaration of martial law, Enrile was involved.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his memoir, Enrile recalls Marcos' careful preparations. He narrates that as early as December 1969, Marcos instructed him to study the 1935 Constitution, specifically the powers of the President as Commander-in-Chief. Marcos had already foreseen a rise in violence and chaos in the country and wanted to know the exact extent of his powers.<sup id="cite_ref-DML_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DML-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> At the end of January of the following year, Enrile, with help from Efren Plana and Minerva Gonzaga Reyes, submitted the only copy of the report regarding the detailed nature and extent of Martial Law to Marcos. Soon after, Marcos allegedly ordered Enrile to prepare all documents necessary for the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Martial_Law_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial Law in the Philippines">Martial Law in the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1972, Marcos once again met with Enrile and a few of his other most trusted commanders to discuss tentative dates for the declaration. By September 22, 1972, Marcos announced that he had placed the entire country under Martial Law as of 9 p.m. via proclamation 1081 which, he claimed, he had signed on September 21, 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-DML_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DML-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg/220px-Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg/330px-Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg/440px-Marcos_Declares_Martial_Law.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1630" /></a><figcaption>"FM Declares Martial Law"—the headline of the September 24, 1972 issue of the <i>Sunday Express</i>, which was the Sunday edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Philippines_Daily_Express" title="Philippines Daily Express">Philippines Daily Express</a></i>. The <i>Daily Express</i> was the only newspaper allowed to circulate upon the declaration of Martial Law.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alleged_September_22,_1972_ambush"><span id="Alleged_September_22.2C_1972_ambush"></span>Alleged September 22, 1972 ambush</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alleged September 22, 1972 ambush"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1972_Enrile_Ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 Enrile Ambush">1972 Enrile Ambush</a></div> <p>One of Marcos' justifications for the declaration of martial law that year was terrorism. He cited the alleged ambush attack on Enrile's white <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a> sedan on September 22, 1972, as a pretext for martial law. At the time, many people doubted that the attack took place. Marcos, in his diary entry for September 1972, wrote that Enrile had been ambushed near Wack-Wack that night. He says "it was a good thing he was riding in his security car as a protective measure... This makes the martial law proclamation a necessity."<sup id="cite_ref-DML_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DML-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Ponce_Enrile%27s_Bullet-riddled_car.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Juan_Ponce_Enrile%27s_Bullet-riddled_car.jpg/220px-Juan_Ponce_Enrile%27s_Bullet-riddled_car.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Juan_Ponce_Enrile%27s_Bullet-riddled_car.jpg/330px-Juan_Ponce_Enrile%27s_Bullet-riddled_car.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Juan_Ponce_Enrile%27s_Bullet-riddled_car.jpg/440px-Juan_Ponce_Enrile%27s_Bullet-riddled_car.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Juan Ponce Enrile's bullet-riddled car</figcaption></figure> <p>The doubts surrounding the alleged ambush were further confirmed in a press conference on February 23, 1986, when then Lieutenant General Fidel Ramos and Enrile admitted that the attack was staged to justify the declaration of martial law. Both radio and television media covered this and millions of Filipinos witnessed the said confession. Furthermore, in several interviews, Enrile was reported as indeed confirming that the attempted assassination was faked to justify the declaration of Martial Law.<sup id="cite_ref-ERF32_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERF32-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conflicting accounts arise in his book, <i>Juan Ponce Enrile: A Memoir</i>. In the said book, Enrile accuses his political opponents of spreading rumors of the ambush being staged despite having already admitted several times that the attempted assassination was indeed fake.<sup id="cite_ref-Memoir_review22_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoir_review22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Martial_law_administration_role">Martial law administration role</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Martial law administration role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the later controversy, at the time, Enrile remained one of Marcos' most loyal allies. In 1973, under the new modified <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> then in place under the country's new constitution under Martial Law, Enrile's title became Defense Minister. Enrile focused his efforts on a broad review of defense policies and on dealing with pressing social unrest. The abolition of civilian institutions such as <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Congress</a>, the weakening of the judiciary, and the outlawing of <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political parties</a>, left the military as the only other instrumentality of the national government outside of the Presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-Davide_Commission_Report22_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davide_Commission_Report22-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Role_in_logging,_and_in_the_Coconut_Authority"><span id="Role_in_logging.2C_and_in_the_Coconut_Authority"></span>Role in logging, and in the Coconut Authority</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Role in logging, and in the Coconut Authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Philippines_during_the_Marcos_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Deforestation in the Philippines during the Marcos administration">Deforestation in the Philippines during the Marcos administration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coconut_Authority" title="Philippine Coconut Authority">Philippine Coconut Authority</a></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Commission_of_the_Philippines" title="National Historical Commission of the Philippines">National Historical Commission of the Philippines</a>, Enrile was also appointed as the general for logging in the Philippines during martial law. He was tasked by Marcos to give certificates to logging companies, which eventually led to one of Asia's most devastating environmental disasters. During that time, the forest cover of the Philippines shrank until only 8% remained. Enrile also owned numerous logging companies such as Ameco in Bukidnon, Dolores Timber in Samar, San Jose Timber in Northern Samar, Kasilagan Softwood Development Corp in Butuan, Eurasia Match in Cebu, Pan Oriental which operates in Cebu and Butuan, Palawan-Apitong Corp in Palawan, and Royal Match. He also invested heavily in a rubber plantation in Basilan. A share of Marcos's ill-gotten wealth was siphoned into those companies.<sup id="cite_ref-nhcp3_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhcp3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enrile was also appointed by Marcos as the President of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coconut_Authority" title="Philippine Coconut Authority">Philippine Coconut Authority</a>, where he established control of the copra industry together with <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Cojuangco_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.">Danding Cojuangco</a>. The two ruled over the controversial <a href="/wiki/Coco_Levy_Fund_scam" title="Coco Levy Fund scam">Coco Levy Fund</a> which proved their intense corruption in government service. The fund, which was supposed to be used to improve the country's copra industry, was used by the two for programs led by Imelda Marcos and other <a href="/wiki/Marcos_cronies" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos cronies">Marcos cronies</a>. A huge portion of the fund was also used for the presidential campaigns of Ferdinand Marcos in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-nhcp3_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhcp3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reduced_influence">Reduced influence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reduced influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford,_Romualdez,_Enrile_(1976-04-13).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ford%2C_Romualdez%2C_Enrile_%281976-04-13%29.jpeg/220px-Ford%2C_Romualdez%2C_Enrile_%281976-04-13%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Ford%2C_Romualdez%2C_Enrile_%281976-04-13%29.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="180" /></a><figcaption>Defense Secretary Enrile (second from right) and Philippine Ambassador to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Romualdez" title="Eduardo Romualdez">Eduardo Romualdez</a> (center) meeting U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in 1976.</figcaption></figure> <p>With rising factionalism in the Marcos administration towards its latter years, Enrile's influence began to be reduced.<sup id="cite_ref-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 28, 1978, Marcos issued the Letter of Instruction no. 776, which stated that "No changes of assignment of senior officers including provincial commanders, brigade commanders, division commanders, and special unit commanders shall be made without clearance from the president."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> By the 1980s, Marcos began to more aggressively bypass Enrile's authority. He clipped the powers of the Minister of National Defense and the Chief of Staff over the Armed Forces of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-Seesaw_Life_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seesaw_Life-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enrile started to break away from the Marcos dictatorship. He began aligning himself with dissident elements in the army, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Reform_the_Armed_Forces_Movement" title="Reform the Armed Forces Movement">Reform the Armed Forces Movement</a> (RAM) - which was then headed by his <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">aide-de-camp</a>, Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a>. In a 1986 press conference,<sup id="cite_ref-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enrile is quoted as having said: </p><blockquote><p>As far back as 1982, we have been getting persistent reports that there were efforts to eliminate us . . . and it was [at] that point that we decided to organize a group to protect ourselves . . . now known as the AFP Reform Movement.<sup id="cite_ref-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_aborted_coup_and_the_People_Power_Revolution">Role in aborted coup and the People Power Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Role in aborted coup and the People Power Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/February_1986_Reform_the_Armed_Forces_Movement_coup" title="February 1986 Reform the Armed Forces Movement coup">February 1986 Reform the Armed Forces Movement coup</a> and <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></div> <p>Under pressure from the US Government, Marcos agreed to hold the <a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">1986 Philippine presidential election</a> on February 7, 1986. Despite widespread allegations of fraud, which included a protest walkout by-election tabulators, Marcos was proclaimed the winner against his opponent <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> on February 15.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquino protested and declared victory, launching a civil disobedience campaign at a massive rally in Luneta on February 16, 1986, and then going to Cebu to organize more mass protests.<sup id="cite_ref-Schock19993_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schock19993-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Officers from the <a href="/wiki/Reform_the_Armed_Forces_Movement" title="Reform the Armed Forces Movement">Reform the Armed Forces Movement</a>, with Enrile's support, had been planning to launch a <i><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a></i> against Marcos since 1985, which they delayed when Marcos announced the 1986 election.<sup id="cite_ref-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enrile and the RAM decided to launch the coup against Marcos in February 1986 in order to take advantage of the political instability in the wake of the controversial election.<sup id="cite_ref-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AlmonteVitugPart1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlmonteVitugPart1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AlmonteVitugPart2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlmonteVitugPart2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this RAM coup d'état failed when it was discovered by Ver in the early morning hours of February 22, 1986 - a day before it was supposed to be implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-PCIJmorales_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCIJmorales-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AlmonteVitugPart3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlmonteVitugPart3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> At two PM on February 22, 1986, Enrile asked for the support of then Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidel Ramos">Fidel Ramos</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Constabulary" title="Philippine Constabulary">Philippine Constabulary</a> and concurrent vice-chief of staff of the armed forces, who agreed to join Enrile.<sup id="cite_ref-InquirerDay1Timeline2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InquirerDay1Timeline2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the plot already uncovered by Marcos, Enrile decided to encamp at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Aguinaldo" title="Camp Aguinaldo">Aguinaldo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, across the <a href="/wiki/Epifanio_de_los_Santos_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Epifanio de los Santos Avenue">Epifanio de los Santos Avenue</a> from Ramos' headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Camp_Crame" title="Camp Crame">Camp Crame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-InquirerDay1Timeline2_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InquirerDay1Timeline2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With their forces trapped in the two camps 5 PM on February 22, Enrile called Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Sin" title="Jaime Sin">Jaime Sin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Manila">Manila Archbishop</a>, asking for support. Enrile is quoted as having told Cardinal Sin:<sup id="cite_ref-InquirerDay1Timeline2_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InquirerDay1Timeline2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>"I will be dead within one hour. I don't want to die... If it is possible, do something. I'd still like to live."<sup id="cite_ref-InquirerDay1Timeline_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InquirerDay1Timeline-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Shortly after 10 pm a few hours later, Cardinal Sin went on the air through <a href="/wiki/Radio_Veritas" title="Radio Veritas">Radio Veritas</a> to appeal to Filipinos in the area to support Enrile and Ramos by going to the section of Epifanio de Los Santos Avenue (<a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">EDSA</a>) between the two camps, giving the rebels emotional support and supplies. Already prepared for protests linked to Aquino's civil disobedience campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-Schock19993_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schock19993-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People began gathering at EDSA, and this was the beginning of the citizens' revolt that became known as the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-InquirerDay1Timeline3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InquirerDay1Timeline3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> For the next three days, they continued their rally in EDSA now containing two million people in support. The growing number encouraged many more leaders to support the movement against Marcos. Enrile stated:<sup id="cite_ref-Tavaana2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tavaana2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote><p>"It was funny... We in the defense and military organizations who should be protecting the people were being protected by them."<sup id="cite_ref-Tavaana_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tavaana-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Enrile wanted <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> to hold her inauguration as new president in Camp Crame, but Aquino refused, emphasizing that the People Power Revolution was a civilian victory by the Filipino people, not by a rebel military faction.<sup id="cite_ref-GemmaNemenzo30Years_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GemmaNemenzo30Years-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She held her inauguration on February 25, 1986, at the nearby <a href="/wiki/Club_Filipino" title="Club Filipino">Club Filipino</a> instead, with Enrile and Ramos invited only as guests.<sup id="cite_ref-GemmaNemenzo30Years_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GemmaNemenzo30Years-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The People Power Revolution forced Marcos out of power on February 25, 1986, and Marcos, along with his family, some servants, and millions of dollars in stocks, jewelry, and cash, flew to exile in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> on US Government-provided <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">DC-9 Medivac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-141_Starlifter" title="Lockheed C-141 Starlifter">C-141B</a> planes.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_in_the_Aquino_Cabinet">Career in the Aquino Cabinet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Career in the Aquino Cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appointment_and_disagreements">Appointment and disagreements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Appointment and disagreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The quick development of events in the wake of the People Power Revolution prevented both Enrile's original plan of forming a ruling junta, and his backup plan of forming a coalition government with him and Corazon Aquino as co-equal partners. So he accepted Aquino as president, and accepted the post of Secretary of National Defense, believing that the politically and militarily inexperienced president would rely on him for advice.<sup id="cite_ref-JavateDeDiosChapter5_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JavateDeDiosChapter5-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 262">: 262 </span></sup> However, Aquino did not rely on Enrile's advice as much as he expected her to.<sup id="cite_ref-JavateDeDiosChapter5_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JavateDeDiosChapter5-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 262">: 262 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CSmonitorEnrileMotives_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSmonitorEnrileMotives-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enrile publicly took up an anticommunist persona, organizing rallies to publicly decry Aquino's ceasefires and peace talks with the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines" title="Communist Party of the Philippines">Communist Party of the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JavateDeDiosChapter5_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JavateDeDiosChapter5-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 262">: 262 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CSmonitorEnrileMotives_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSmonitorEnrileMotives-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to confrontations with numerous members of Aquino's coalition cabinet,<sup id="cite_ref-JavateDeDiosChapter5_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JavateDeDiosChapter5-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 262">: 262 </span></sup> but eased tensions between Enrile and Marcos loyalists.<sup id="cite_ref-CSmonitorEnrileMotives_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSmonitorEnrileMotives-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enrile's relations with the rest of the administration further soured when the newly created <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_Good_Government" title="Presidential Commission on Good Government">Presidential Commission on Good Government</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga">Jovito Salonga</a>, began a probe of Enrile's business transactions during the Marcos years.<sup id="cite_ref-JavateDeDiosChapter5_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JavateDeDiosChapter5-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 262">: 262 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CSmonitorEnrileMotives_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSmonitorEnrileMotives-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though Marcos had been exiled, the Aquino administration continued to face challenges, particularly from forces loyal to Marcos, and from some members of the Reform the Armed Forces Movement which began to express dissatisfaction with her policies.<sup id="cite_ref-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in several coup d'état attempts from 1986 to 1990 which sought to oust Aquino from the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enrile and Ramos were tasked with addressing the first of these coups, which was the July 1986 Manila Hotel Incident in which loyalist soldiers and officials briefly took over the Manila Hotel and declared their own government. The incident was resolved without violence and without much impact to the broader public, and the Aquino administration pursued a policy of maximum leniency towards the instigators.<sup id="cite_ref-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within Aquino's own "coalition cabinet," there was significant conflict, with Enrile and other rightwing cabinet members demanding that Aquino let go of cabinet members associated with the left, and to take a more hardline stance against the Communist Party of the Philippines and the left in general.<sup id="cite_ref-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavideReportMilitaryIntervention-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""God_Save_the_Queen"_plot"><span id=".22God_Save_the_Queen.22_plot"></span>"God Save the Queen" plot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: "God Save the Queen" plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enrile was then implicated in the <a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_Queen_Plot" title="God Save the Queen Plot">God Save the Queen Plot</a> that was to supposedly take place on November 11, 1986. The investigation of the coup done by the Fact-Finding Commission found Enrile and some members of the RAM as the primary instigators of the coup.<sup id="cite_ref-DavideCommissionReportII_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavideCommissionReportII-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forced_resignation">Forced resignation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Forced resignation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After revealing the fruits of the investigation findings, Aquino forced Enrile to resign as Defense Secretary in November 1986 as she had lost confidence in him. Enrile was then replaced with <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Ileto" title="Rafael Ileto">Rafael Ileto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JavateDeDiosChapter6_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JavateDeDiosChapter6-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 264">: 264 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Congressional_career">Congressional career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Congressional career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Senate_term">First Senate term</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: First Senate term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Ponce_Enrile_(1987).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Juan_Ponce_Enrile_%281987%29.png/180px-Juan_Ponce_Enrile_%281987%29.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Juan_Ponce_Enrile_%281987%29.png/270px-Juan_Ponce_Enrile_%281987%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Juan_Ponce_Enrile_%281987%29.png 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>Enrile in 1987</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 1987, Enrile won a seat in the <a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1987 Philippine Senate election">1987 election</a> as one of two opposition members in the country's 24-member <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a> (the other being <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a>), finishing 24th. He was unable to be proclaimed until August when the electoral protest filed by Augusto Sanchez was dismissed. He formally assumed office on August 15, 1987. In later years, Enrile continued alleging that the Aquino government manipulated the vote count during the 1987 elections, which he called "Cory Magic".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the same month Enrile assumed office as senator, an <a href="/wiki/Coup_attempts_against_Corazon_Aquino" title="Coup attempts against Corazon Aquino">attempted coup against Aquino</a> escalated and led to the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces</a> General Headquarters (AFPGHQ) in <a href="/wiki/Camp_Aguinaldo" title="Camp Aguinaldo">Camp Aguinaldo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>. He was detained in Camp Aguinaldo over suspicion of planning the coup with Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a> but was released days later for lack of evidence. Enrile later stated numerous recalls about the martial law era, of which all were flip-flops from his previous statements during his term as secretary of defense and during the ouster of Marcos. He was dubbed by then-President <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> as "<i>Pambansang Balimbing</i>" (national political turncoat) for his contradicting statements and "<i>Dakilang Miron</i>" (great bystander) for his inconvenient bystander and opportunistic attitude.<sup id="cite_ref-youtube.com2_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youtube.com2-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_the_House_of_Representatives">Member of the House of Representatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Member of the House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1992, before his term in the Senate had ended, Enrile predicted that he might lose the senatorial election or win, but only serve three years in office. Under the transitory provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Constitution">1987 Constitution</a>, the 12 candidates who receive the greatest number of votes serve a six-year term, the next 12 only three years. He ran instead for the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives of the Philippines</a>. He <a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1992 Philippine House of Representatives elections">was elected</a> and represented the First District of <a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_to_fourth_senate_terms">Second to fourth senate terms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Second to fourth senate terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1995, Enrile ran in the senatorial race as an independent candidate for <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">senator</a> and was also a guest candidate under the <a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas</a>–<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">Laban</a> coalition. He <a href="/wiki/1995_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1995 Philippine Senate election">won as a senator</a> and held the position until 2001. During his term as senator, he ran as an independent candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1998 Philippine presidential election">1998 Philippine presidential election</a>. He lost to then-Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a>. </p><p>On January 16, 2001, he was one of those who voted against the opening of the second bank envelope.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> That vote led to the <a href="/wiki/Second_EDSA_Revolution" title="Second EDSA Revolution">second EDSA People Power Revolution</a> that eventually ousted President Estrada. From April 30 to May 1, 2001, together with <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Sotto_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicente Sotto III">Vicente Sotto III</a>, he led the <a href="/wiki/EDSA_III" title="EDSA III">EDSA III</a> protests in support of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 1, 2001, the protesters stormed <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a>. In May 2001 he was indicted by the military for alleged involvement in the siege but was released a day later. He ran for <a href="/wiki/2001_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2001 Philippine Senate election">reelection</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Puwersa_ng_Masa" title="Puwersa ng Masa">Puwersa ng Masa</a> coalition. Due to the issues that haunted him over the incident, he lost the election.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2004 Philippine Senate election">2004 election</a>, he made a comeback bid for the Senate under the <a href="/wiki/Koalisyon_ng_Nagkakaisang_Pilipino" title="Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino">Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino</a> (KNP) banner. He actively opposed the imposition of the Purchased Power Adjustment (PPA) on consumers' electric bills. Due to his exposé of the PPA and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a> decision in favor of a refund on electric bills, the public responded positively and elected him. He thus became a senator in three non-consecutive terms. He was re-elected as a senator in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2010 Philippine Senate election">2010 elections</a>. At 86, he became the oldest senator of the <a href="/wiki/15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="15th Congress of the Philippines">15th Congress of the Philippines</a>. Enrile was affiliated with the opposition <a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino</a> (PMP) but officially stood as an independent and was part of the administration bloc.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senate_Presidency">Senate Presidency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Senate Presidency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election">Election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 17, 2008, Senate President <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Villar" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Villar">Manuel Villar</a> resigned due to a lack of support, and Enrile succeeded him the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABS_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABS-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enrile was nominated by <a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a>; 14 senators supported the nomination and five abstained.<sup id="cite_ref-ABS_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABS-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation">Legislation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Arroyo%27s_9th_SONA_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/President_Arroyo%27s_9th_SONA_%2802%29.jpg/220px-President_Arroyo%27s_9th_SONA_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/President_Arroyo%27s_9th_SONA_%2802%29.jpg/330px-President_Arroyo%27s_9th_SONA_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/President_Arroyo%27s_9th_SONA_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>Enrile (top) during President <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a>'s 9th State of the Nation Address (SONA) in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Under his leadership, the Senate passed vital pieces of legislation such as the CARP Extension, Anti-Torture Act, Expanded Senior Citizens Act, Anti-Child Pornography Act, National Heritage Conservation Act, and Real Estate Investment Act, among many others. Institutional reforms were also implemented within the Senate to improve the daily conduct of business as well the welfare of its officers and employees. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_meets_Gov._Gwen_Garcia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_meets_Gov._Gwen_Garcia.jpg/220px-Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_meets_Gov._Gwen_Garcia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_meets_Gov._Gwen_Garcia.jpg/330px-Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_meets_Gov._Gwen_Garcia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_meets_Gov._Gwen_Garcia.jpg/440px-Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_meets_Gov._Gwen_Garcia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Enrile meets <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Cebu" title="Governor of Cebu">Cebu Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Gwen_Garcia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwen Garcia">Gwen Garcia</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maguindanao_martial_law">Maguindanao martial law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Maguindanao martial law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Senate also collaborated with the House of Representatives on two crucial issues which are now considered historical milestones. In December 2009, it used Proclamation No. 1959 of the Arroyo administration, declaring a state of martial law and suspending the privilege of the writ of <i><a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a></i> in the province of <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a>, while in May 2010, Congress convened to constitute itself as the national board to canvass the votes for president and vice president, and proclaim the winners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Re-election_as_Senate_President">Re-election as Senate President</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Re-election as Senate President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hajime_Ishii_and_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_20110504.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hajime_Ishii_and_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_20110504.jpg/200px-Hajime_Ishii_and_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_20110504.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hajime_Ishii_and_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_20110504.jpg/300px-Hajime_Ishii_and_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_20110504.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hajime_Ishii_and_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_20110504.jpg/400px-Hajime_Ishii_and_Juan_Ponce_Enrile_20110504.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Enrile with <a href="/wiki/Hajime_Ishii" title="Hajime Ishii">Hajime Ishii</a> (left) on May 4, 2011</figcaption></figure><p> Enrile was re-elected to a fourth term in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2010 Philippine Senate election">2010 Senate election</a>. On July 26, 2010, he was re-elected President of the Senate. Enrile committed himself to "discharge my duties and responsibilities with honor, with total devotion to our institution, and with fairness to all members. No partisan consideration will blur or color the treatment of any member of the Senate. We are all Senators elected by the people to serve them with the dedication to their interest and well-being and devotion to our responsibilities." Furthermore, in his acceptance speech, he enjoined his colleagues to "uphold the independence and integrity of this Senate, without abandoning our duty to cooperate with the other departments of the government to achieve what is good for our people."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph5-072610_2010_SONA_(State_of_the_Nation)_Address.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ph5-072610_2010_SONA_%28State_of_the_Nation%29_Address.jpg/220px-Ph5-072610_2010_SONA_%28State_of_the_Nation%29_Address.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ph5-072610_2010_SONA_%28State_of_the_Nation%29_Address.jpg/330px-Ph5-072610_2010_SONA_%28State_of_the_Nation%29_Address.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ph5-072610_2010_SONA_%28State_of_the_Nation%29_Address.jpg/440px-Ph5-072610_2010_SONA_%28State_of_the_Nation%29_Address.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>Enrile (left) during President <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a>'s first SONA in 2010</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corona's_impeachment,_various_feuds,_and_controversies"><span id="Corona.27s_impeachment.2C_various_feuds.2C_and_controversies"></span>Corona's impeachment, various feuds, and controversies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Corona's impeachment, various feuds, and controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 2012, Enrile was the presiding officer of the <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Renato_Corona" title="Impeachment of Renato Corona">impeachment of Chief Justice Renato Corona</a>. He was one of the 20 Senators who voted guilty for the impeachment. In September 2012, he started a feud with <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Trillanes" title="Antonio Trillanes">Antonio Trillanes</a> when he asked Trillanes why he secretly visited <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> to talk about the <a href="/wiki/Philippines_and_the_Spratly_Islands" title="Philippines and the Spratly Islands">Philippines and the Spratly Islands</a> dispute on <a href="/wiki/Spratlys" class="mw-redirect" title="Spratlys">Spratlys</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Shoal" title="Scarborough Shoal">Scarborough Shoal</a>. Trillanes said that his visit to China was authorized by the <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Palace</a>. He also alleged that Enrile was being pushed by former President <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> to pass a bill splitting the province of <a href="/wiki/Camarines_Sur" title="Camarines Sur">Camarines Sur</a> into two but Enrile denied the allegation. </p><p>In late 2012, Enrile also started a feud with <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a> when Santiago authored the <a href="/wiki/Responsible_Parenthood_and_Reproductive_Health_Act_of_2012" title="Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012">Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pia_Cayetano" title="Pia Cayetano">Pia Cayetano</a>, which he opposed. In January 2013, Santiago alleged that Enrile gave <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">₱</a>1.6 million</span> each to his fellow Senators, except for her, Pia Cayetano, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a>, and Trillanes, who was reported to have been only given <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱250 thousand</span> each. He admitted giving the said amount to the senators, saying that it was part of the balance of the maintenance and other operating expenses (MOOE) funds allowed per senator. On January 21, 2013, because of the controversies involving him, he attempted to vacate his position as Senate President but his motion was rejected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignation">Resignation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Resignation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amid accusations against him, including the alleged distribution of MOOE funds to senators, Enrile stepped down as Senate President after his privilege speech on June 5, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Senate_career_(2016–present)"><span id="Post-Senate_career_.282016.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Post-Senate career (2016–present)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Post-Senate career (2016–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_shakes_hands_with_Former_Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_shakes_hands_with_Former_Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile.jpg/220px-President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_shakes_hands_with_Former_Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_shakes_hands_with_Former_Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile.jpg/330px-President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_shakes_hands_with_Former_Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_shakes_hands_with_Former_Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile.jpg/440px-President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_shakes_hands_with_Former_Senator_Juan_Ponce_Enrile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Enrile with President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>Enrile left politics after his term in the Senate ended in 2016. He attempted to make a comeback in <a href="/wiki/2019_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2019 Philippine Senate election">2019</a> but was defeated, placing 22nd in a field of 62 candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, he officially returned to government as the Chief Presidential Legal Counsel in the administration of President <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a>, whom he supported in <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2022 Philippine presidential election">that year's presidential election</a>. He played a role in forcing the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_(Philippines)" title="Executive Secretary (Philippines)">Executive Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Vic_Rodriguez_(lawyer)" title="Vic Rodriguez (lawyer)">Vic Rodriguez</a> on September 17 by rejecting the latter's appointing of himself as Presidential Chief of Staff with extensive powers.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/Centenarian" title="Centenarian">the age of 100</a>, he is currently the oldest serving member of the Marcos administration.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enrile_cash_gift">Enrile cash gift</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Enrile cash gift"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2013, while sitting as the Senate President, Enrile was accused of using Senate funds called MOOE as Christmas gifts to members of the Senate who do not oppose him.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to his resignation as Senate President without sufficiently answering the controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Involvement_in_the_pork_barrel_scam">Involvement in the pork barrel scam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Involvement in the pork barrel scam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Priority_Development_Assistance_Fund_scam" class="mw-redirect" title="Priority Development Assistance Fund scam">Priority Development Assistance Fund scam</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bong_Revilla_after_delivering_%22Salamat,_Kaibigan%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bong_Revilla_after_delivering_%22Salamat%2C_Kaibigan%22.jpg/200px-Bong_Revilla_after_delivering_%22Salamat%2C_Kaibigan%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bong_Revilla_after_delivering_%22Salamat%2C_Kaibigan%22.jpg/300px-Bong_Revilla_after_delivering_%22Salamat%2C_Kaibigan%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bong_Revilla_after_delivering_%22Salamat%2C_Kaibigan%22.jpg/400px-Bong_Revilla_after_delivering_%22Salamat%2C_Kaibigan%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Enrile with Senators <a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a> (center) after Revilla's privilege speech <i><a href="/wiki/Salamat,_Kaibigan" title="Salamat, Kaibigan">Salamat, Kaibigan</a></i> on June 9, 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>In September 2013, Enrile was again involved in misappropriated funds, this time about the PDAF or what is commonly called the <a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel" title="Pork barrel">pork barrel</a> fund. Twenty billion pesos worth of Priority Development Fund was illegally channeled through various bogus NGOs of <a href="/wiki/Janet_Lim-Napoles" title="Janet Lim-Napoles">Janet Lim-Napoles</a> most of it being used by the Senator.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enrile, along with fellow senators <a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a>, were indicted for <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">plunder</a> and for the violation of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act before the <a href="/wiki/Sandiganbayan" title="Sandiganbayan">Sandiganbayan</a> on June 6, 2014, in connection to the <a href="/wiki/Priority_Development_Assistance_Fund_scam" class="mw-redirect" title="Priority Development Assistance Fund scam">Priority Development Assistance Fund scam</a>. Alleged mastermind Janet Lim Napoles and Enrile's former chief of staff Gigi Reyes were also charged. Enrile allegedly received ₱172 million in kickbacks from public funds.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was detained on July 3, 2014<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and suspended from his Senate post<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on September 1, 2014, for these charges, after his motions to post bail to lift the suspension order were denied.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court of the Philippines</a> <a href="/wiki/En_banc" title="En banc">en banc</a> in its decision dated February 24, 2024, denied Enrile's petition to dismiss and directed the <a href="/wiki/Sandiganbayan" title="Sandiganbayan">Sandiganbayan</a> to proceed with the trial of the P172-million plunder case on the alleged <a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel_scam" title="Pork barrel scam">pork barrel scam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Ponce_Enrile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of holding a book aloft" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Juan_Ponce_Enrile.png/203px-Juan_Ponce_Enrile.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Juan_Ponce_Enrile.png/304px-Juan_Ponce_Enrile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Juan_Ponce_Enrile.png/405px-Juan_Ponce_Enrile.png 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="722" /></a><figcaption>Enrile promoting his autobiography</figcaption></figure> <p>Enrile, or "<i>Manong Johnny</i>" as he is often called (<i>manong</i> is an <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a> term of endearment for an older brother), is married to Cristina Castañer (born in 1937) who has served as the Philippine Ambassador to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>. They have two children: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Enrile" title="Jack Enrile">Juan Jr.</a> (Jack) and Katrina. Juan Jr. is a former congressman for the 1st District of <a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a> who unsuccessfully ran for a Senate seat under <a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Alliance" title="United Nationalist Alliance">UNA</a> in <a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_Senate_election" title="2013 Philippine Senate election">2013</a>, while Katrina is currently CEO of Enrile's company Jaka Group, which owns the Philippine Match Company, a <a href="/wiki/Matchbox" title="Matchbox">matchbox</a> manufacturer, and <a href="/wiki/Delimondo" title="Delimondo">Delimondo</a>, a food processing company. Enrile has a half-sister, <a href="/wiki/Armida_Siguion-Reyna" title="Armida Siguion-Reyna">Armida Siguion-Reyna</a>, who was a singer as well as a theatre and film actress.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 14, 2024, he <a href="/wiki/Centenarian" title="Centenarian">turned 100</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He celebrated his centennial in Malacanang, during which <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> said that he had "attained the status of an icon, in the pantheon of Philippine history."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In honour of Enrile's centenary, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Postal_Corporation" title="Philippine Postal Corporation">Philippine Postal Corporation</a> issued a special personalised commemorative stamp that denotes the various offices held by Enrile through the decades. This was pursuant to provisions under Republic Act No. 10868, otherwise known as the Centenarian Act of 2016, which honours and grants additional benefits and privileges to Filipino centenarians.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extra-marital_affair_with_Gigi_Reyes">Extra-marital affair with Gigi Reyes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Extra-marital affair with Gigi Reyes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enrile's rumored affair with his former long-time employee and chief of staff Jessica Lucila "Gigi" Reyes, 38 years his junior, came out after reports that Enrile's wife, Cristina, walked out on him in January 1998 after charging him with adultery. The news made both local and international headlines.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gigi Reyes was regarded as "the door, if not the bridge" to Enrile, referring to the extent of closeness between the two. Enrile's special fondness for Reyes was again called out by Sen. <a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a> after Reyes accused Cayetano in a media interview of hypocrisy for supposedly receiving a "cash gift" from Enrile.<sup id="cite_ref-rappler.com2_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rappler.com2-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident led to Reyes's resignation from Enrile's office, which Reyes said was also for her criticizing how Enrile responded to the issue of fund misuse. Enrile insisted the resignation was because of rumors of their illicit relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Priority Development Assistance Fund scandal, Reyes was once again linked to Enrile for signing documents that facilitated the release of Enrile's PDAF to fake non-governmental organizations (NGOs) linked to Janet Lim Napoles.<sup id="cite_ref-rappler.com2_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rappler.com2-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, Enrile's fraternity, Sigma Rho, was implicated in the death of a University of the Philippines student who allegedly died during an initiation rite with the fraternity.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the widely publicized backlash against Sigma Rho, Enrile labeled his fraternity brothers "Trainor of thugs and killers" and urged his "broads" to surrender those who were responsible for the death of Cris Mendez.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I am calling on them to initiate the effort to ferret out the people responsible and kick them out of the fraternity and if necessary kick them out of school", Enrile added.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seeking_clemency_for_those_convicted_of_the_Aquino_assassination">Seeking clemency for those convicted of the Aquino assassination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Seeking clemency for those convicted of the Aquino assassination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 21, 2007, the 24th anniversary of former Senator <a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino" title="Ninoy Aquino">Ninoy Aquino</a>'s death, Enrile stated that the case of the 14 soldiers incarcerated for 24 years for <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ninoy_Aquino" title="Assassination of Ninoy Aquino">Aquino's assassination</a> should be reviewed for clemency. Enrile paid for the legal services of the soldiers during their trial and said the soldiers and their families had suffered enough. They were initially acquitted in December 1985 by the <a href="/wiki/Sandiganbayan" title="Sandiganbayan">Sandiganbayan</a>'s Manuel Pamaran, but after the proceedings were invalidated by the Supreme Court and the case retried, the Sandiganbayan's <a href="/wiki/Regino_C._Hermosisima_Jr." title="Regino C. Hermosisima Jr.">Regino C. Hermosisima Jr.</a> convicted them on September 28, 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fifteen soldiers of the Aviation Security Command had been sentenced to double life imprisonment for the double murder of Aquino and <a href="/wiki/Rolando_Galman" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolando Galman">Rolando Galman</a>, who was falsely accused of Aquino's assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_image">Public image</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Public image"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having been one of the longest and oldest serving politicians in the Philippines, Enrile is often the subject of jokes and <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">internet memes</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> revolving around his longevity among Filipino humorists, with his alleged "immortality", supposed witnessing of prehistoric and biblical events, outliving domestic and international politicians and surviving disasters and health scares such as the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">COVID-19 pandemic</a> being common themes.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Depiction">Depiction</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Depiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enrile was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Joonee_Gamboa" title="Joonee Gamboa">Joonee Gamboa</a> in the 1988 TV drama film <i><a href="/wiki/A_Dangerous_Life" title="A Dangerous Life">A Dangerous Life</a></i>, whose filming Enrile unsuccessfully tried to stop in court citing privacy issues.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Bugoy_Cari%C3%B1o" title="Bugoy Cariño">Bugoy Cariño</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Gil" title="Enrique Gil">Enrique Gil</a> in a two-part special on the television drama anthology series <i><a href="/wiki/Maalaala_Mo_Kaya" title="Maalaala Mo Kaya">Maalaala Mo Kaya</a></i>, featuring his life story. Both part of the program's <a href="/wiki/Maalaala_Mo_Kaya_(season_21)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maalaala Mo Kaya (season 21)">21st season</a>, the first part that was aired on April 27, 2013, is entitled <i>Sapatos</i> (<abbr title="literal translation">lit. transl.</abbr><span> Shoes</span>), while the second part that was aired on May 4, 2013, is entitled <i>Diploma</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Philippines was an unincorporated territory of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Insular Government of the Philippine Islands">Philippine Islands</a> at the time of Ponce Enrile's birth.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-furagganan-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-furagganan_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sg.news.yahoo.com/blogs/the-inbox/sad-dramatic-redeeming-life-juan-ponce-enrile-165821298.html">"The sad, dramatic, if redeeming, life of Juan Ponce Enrile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/VERA_Files" class="mw-redirect" title="VERA Files">VERA Files</a>. October 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+sad%2C+dramatic%2C+if+redeeming%2C+life+of+Juan+Ponce+Enrile&rft.date=2012-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsg.news.yahoo.com%2Fblogs%2Fthe-inbox%2Fsad-dramatic-redeeming-life-juan-ponce-enrile-165821298.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/sen_bio/enrile_resume.asp">"Resume of Senator Enrile"</a>. <i>Senate of the Philippines: 18th Congress</i>. Senate of the Philippines<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senate+of+the+Philippines%3A+18th+Congress&rft.atitle=Resume+of+Senator+Enrile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov.ph%2Fsenators%2Fsen_bio%2Fenrile_resume.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-furagganan32-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-furagganan32_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-furagganan32_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sg.news.yahoo.com/blogs/the-inbox/sad-dramatic-redeeming-life-juan-ponce-enrile-165821298.html">"The sad, dramatic, if redeeming, life of Juan Ponce Enrile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/VERA_Files" class="mw-redirect" title="VERA Files">VERA Files</a>. 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St. Martin's Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-10520-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-10520-2"><bdi>978-1-250-10520-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Force+More+Powerful%3A+A+Century+of+Non-violent+Conflict&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.isbn=978-1-250-10520-2&rft.aulast=Ackerman&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=DuVall%2C+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLMe2CgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DIt%252520was%252520funny...%252520We%252520in%252520the%252520defense%252520and%252520military%252520organizations%252520who%252520should%252520be%252520protecting%252520the%252520people%252520were%252520being%252520protected%252520by%252520them.%26pg%3DPA388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GemmaNemenzo30Years-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GemmaNemenzo30Years_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GemmaNemenzo30Years_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNemenzo" class="citation magazine cs1">Nemenzo, Gemma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.positivelyfilipino.com/magazine/30-years-ago-coup-detat">"30 Years Ago: Coup d'etat and People Power"</a>. <i>Positively Filipino</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Positively+Filipino&rft.atitle=30+Years+Ago%3A+Coup+d%27etat+and+People+Power&rft.aulast=Nemenzo&rft.aufirst=Gemma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.positivelyfilipino.com%2Fmagazine%2F30-years-ago-coup-detat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211002031715/https://dumaguetemetropost.com/where-were-you-on-feb-p13222-99.htm">"Where were you on Feb. 22-25, 1986?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dumaguetemetropost.com/where-were-you-on-feb-p13222-99.htm">the original</a> on October 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Where+were+you+on+Feb.+22-25%2C+1986%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdumaguetemetropost.com%2Fwhere-were-you-on-feb-p13222-99.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2019/06/05/chapter-iv-missing-fortune/">"Chapter IV: The Missing Fortune"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chapter+IV%3A+The+Missing+Fortune&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaiinewsnow.com%2F2019%2F06%2F05%2Fchapter-iv-missing-fortune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JavateDeDiosChapter5-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JavateDeDiosChapter5_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JavateDeDiosChapter5_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JavateDeDiosChapter5_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JavateDeDiosChapter5_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JavateDeDiosChapter5_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNemenzo1988" class="citation book cs1">Nemenzo, Francisco (1988). "From Autocracy to Elite Democracy". <i>Dictatorship and revolution: roots of people's power</i>. Metro Manila: Conspectus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789919108014" title="Special:BookSources/9789919108014"><bdi>9789919108014</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19609244">19609244</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Autocracy+to+Elite+Democracy&rft.btitle=Dictatorship+and+revolution%3A+roots+of+people%27s+power&rft.place=Metro+Manila&rft.pub=Conspectus&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19609244&rft.isbn=9789919108014&rft.aulast=Nemenzo&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSmonitorEnrileMotives-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CSmonitorEnrileMotives_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSmonitorEnrileMotives_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSmonitorEnrileMotives_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSmonitorEnrileMotives_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1986" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Clayton (October 29, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/1986/1029/ocoup-f.html">"Why Enrile takes on Aquino. Philippine defense chief said to be motivated by demands from Marcos loyalists and lack of power"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Why+Enrile+takes+on+Aquino.+Philippine+defense+chief+said+to+be+motivated+by+demands+from+Marcos+loyalists+and+lack+of+power&rft.date=1986-10-29&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Clayton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F1986%2F1029%2Focoup-f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DavideCommissionReportII-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DavideCommissionReportII_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1990/10/03/the-final-report-of-the-fact-finding-commission-ii-political-change-and-military-transmition-in-the-philippines-1966-1989-from-the-barracks-to-the-corridors-of-power/">[3]</a> Final Report of the Fact Finding Commission</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JavateDeDiosChapter6-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JavateDeDiosChapter6_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNemenzo1988" class="citation book cs1">Nemenzo, Francisco (1988). "From Autocracy to Elite Democracy". <i>Dictatorship and revolution: roots of people's power</i>. Metro Manila: Conspectus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789919108014" title="Special:BookSources/9789919108014"><bdi>9789919108014</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19609244">19609244</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Autocracy+to+Elite+Democracy&rft.btitle=Dictatorship+and+revolution%3A+roots+of+people%27s+power&rft.place=Metro+Manila&rft.pub=Conspectus&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19609244&rft.isbn=9789919108014&rft.aulast=Nemenzo&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanudayMellejor2001" class="citation news cs1">Canuday, Jowel F.; Mellejor, Ayan C. (April 26, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8lQ1AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA2">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Magic' is key to 13-0–Enrile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a>: The Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. p. A2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=%27Magic%27+is+key+to+13-0%E2%80%93Enrile&rft.pages=A2&rft.date=2001-04-26&rft.aulast=Canuday&rft.aufirst=Jowel+F.&rft.au=Mellejor%2C+Ayan+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8lQ1AAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-youtube.com2-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-youtube.com2_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaypagasa2015" class="citation web cs1">Maypagasa (August 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6d8JJzuks0Q&t=13s">"President Corazon Aquino blasts Enrile and coup rebels at EDSA (1990)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/6d8JJzuks0Q">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Corazon+Aquino+blasts+Enrile+and+coup+rebels+at+EDSA+%281990%29&rft.date=2015-08-23&rft.au=Maypagasa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6d8JJzuks0Q%26t%3D13s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/headlines/90521/miriam-gma-resign-or-we-will-storm-palace">"Miriam to GMA: Resign or we will storm palace"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i>. April 30, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Miriam+to+GMA%3A+Resign+or+we+will+storm+palace&rft.date=2001-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F90521%2Fmiriam-gma-resign-or-we-will-storm-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081221140806/http://www.easybourse.com/bourse-actualite/marches/senators-name-juan-ponce-enrile-as-new-philippine-senate-562997">"easybourse.com, Senators Name Juan Ponce Enrile As New Philippine Senate President"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.easybourse.com/bourse-actualite/marches/senators-name-juan-ponce-enrile-as-new-philippine-senate-562997">the original</a> on December 21, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=easybourse.com%2C+Senators+Name+Juan+Ponce+Enrile+As+New+Philippine+Senate+President&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.easybourse.com%2Fbourse-actualite%2Fmarches%2Fsenators-name-juan-ponce-enrile-as-new-philippine-senate-562997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABS-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABS_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABS_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/11/17/08/enrile-ousts-villar-senate-coup">"(Update) Enrile ousts Villar in Senate coup"</a>. November 17, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28Update%29+Enrile+ousts+Villar+in+Senate+coup&rft.date=2008-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs-cbnnews.com%2Fnation%2F11%2F17%2F08%2Fenrile-ousts-villar-senate-coup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-11/17/content_10371979.htm">news.xinhuanet.com, Philippine senate president resigns</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081221153448/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-11/17/content_10371979.htm">Archived</a> December 21, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanews.tv/story/133995/Zubiri-is-new-Senate-Majority-Leader">"Zubiri is new Senate Majority Leader"</a>. November 17, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zubiri+is+new+Senate+Majority+Leader&rft.date=2008-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanews.tv%2Fstory%2F133995%2FZubiri-is-new-Senate-Majority-Leader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/senpres/enrile.asp">[4]</a> Biography of Senate Presidents - Juan Ponce Enrile. Retrieved November 29, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/311510/news/nation/enrile-resigns-as-senate-president">Enrile resigns as Senate president</a> retrieved June 5, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/juan-ponce-enrile-political-comeback-2021/">"The political comeback of Juan Ponce Enrile"</a>. May 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+political+comeback+of+Juan+Ponce+Enrile&rft.date=2021-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnewsbreak%2Fin-depth%2Fjuan-ponce-enrile-political-comeback-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/inside-track/did-enrile-smell-something-fishy-rodriguez-draft-order/">"Did Enrile smell something fishy in Rodriguez draft order?"</a>. <i>Rappler</i>. September 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Did+Enrile+smell+something+fishy+in+Rodriguez+draft+order%3F&rft.date=2022-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnewsbreak%2Finside-track%2Fdid-enrile-smell-something-fishy-rodriguez-draft-order%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/2024/2/14/enrile-at-100-quotes-from-ph-s-oldest-cabinet-official-1108">"Enrile at 100: Quotes from Philippines' oldest Cabinet official"</a>. <i>ABS-CBN</i>. February 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN&rft.atitle=Enrile+at+100%3A+Quotes+from+Philippines%27+oldest+Cabinet+official&rft.date=2024-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F2%2F14%2Fenrile-at-100-quotes-from-ph-s-oldest-cabinet-official-1108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/nation/19395-enrile-s-cash-gifts-exclude-4-critics">"Enrile's 'cash gifts' exclude 4 critics"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=LOOK%3A+The+funniest+memes+about+Senator+Juan+Ponce+Enrile%27s+long+life&rft.date=2020-03-27&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Cherry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fentertainment%2Fshowbiznews%2Fnews%2F12402%2Flook-the-funniest-memes-about-senator-juan-ponce-enriles-long-life%2Fphoto%2F155638%2Fthe-forbidden-fruit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coconuts.co/manila/news/jurassic-park-retired-senator-juan-ponce-enrile-chills-with-dinosaurs-in-bizarre-videos/">"Jurassic Park? 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Two+weeks+before+polls%2C+MMK+features+JPE&rft.date=2013-04-27&rft.aulast=Macaraig&rft.aufirst=Ayee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2Felections%2Fmmk-juan-ponce-enrile-jpe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuan+Ponce+Enrile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ponce_Enrile&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Juan_Ponce_Enrile" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/sen_bio/enrile_bio.asp">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> – Senate of the Philippines</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Melchor_Quitain" title="Jesus Melchor Quitain">Jesus Melchor Quitain</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chief Presidential Legal Counsel </b><br />2022 – present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Rufino Hechanova</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Finance (Philippines)">Secretary of Finance</a><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small> </b><br />1966 – 1968 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Romualdez" title="Eduardo Romualdez">Eduardo Romualdez</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Teehankee" title="Claudio Teehankee">Claudio Teehankee</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Justice (Philippines)">Secretary of Justice</a> </b><br />1968 – 1970 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Makasiar" title="Felix Makasiar">Felix Makasiar</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Ernesto Mata</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretary of National Defense</a> </b><br />1970 – 1971 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_E._Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand E. Marcos">Ferdinand E. Marcos</a><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretary/Minister of National Defense</a> </b><br />1972 – 1986 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Ileto" title="Rafael Ileto">Rafael M. Ileto</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate of the Philippines</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Recreated</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Roxas" title="Gerardo Roxas">Gerardo Roxas</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minority_Floor_Leader_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate Minority Leader</a> </b><br />1987 – 1992 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wigberto_Ta%C3%B1ada" title="Wigberto Tañada">Wigberto Tañada</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Manny Villar</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">President of the Senate of the Philippines</a> </b><br />2008 – 2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minority_Floor_Leader_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate Minority Leader</a> </b><br />2013 – 2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a><br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minority_Floor_Leader_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate Minority Leader</a> </b><br />2015 – 2016 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">Ralph Recto</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives of the Philippines</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Domingo Tuazon</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Congressman, <a href="/wiki/Cagayan%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Cagayan's 1st congressional district">1st District of Cagayan</a> </b><br />1992 – 1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Patricio Antonio</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Menardo_Guevarra" title="Menardo Guevarra">Menardo Guevarra</a></div><i><b>as <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Solicitor General of the Philippines">Solicitor-General</a> </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_order_of_precedence" title="Philippine order of precedence">Order of Precedence of the Philippines</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>as Chief Presidential Legal Counsel</i></span> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Romando Artes<br /><small><i>Acting</i></small></div><i><b>as <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Chairperson of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Chairman of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority</a> </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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Quezon">Quezon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Roxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A8_Avelino" class="mw-redirect" title="Josè Avelino">Avelino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Jes%C3%BAs_Cuenco" title="Mariano Jesús Cuenco">Cuenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quint%C3%ADn_Paredes" title="Quintín Paredes">Paredes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Os%C3%ADas" title="Camilo Osías">Osías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulogio_Rodriguez" title="Eulogio Rodriguez">Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Os%C3%ADas" title="Camilo Osías">Osías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zulueta" class="mw-redirect" title="José Zulueta">Zulueta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulogio_Rodriguez" title="Eulogio Rodriguez">Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino" title="Arturo Tolentino">Tolentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Puyat" title="Gil Puyat">Puyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga">Salonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Maceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Fernan" title="Marcelo Fernan">Fernan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blas_Ople" title="Blas Ople">Ople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Drilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Pimentel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Drilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Villar" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Villar">Villar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Drilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koko_Pimentel" title="Koko Pimentel">Pimentel III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Sotto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migz_Zubiri" title="Migz Zubiri">Zubiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Escudero" title="Francis Escudero">Escudero</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Philippine_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Seal_of_the_Philippine_Senate.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Philippine_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Seal_of_the_Philippine_Senate.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Philippine_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Seal_of_the_Philippine_Senate.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Philippine_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Minority_Floor_Leader_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PhilSenMinLdrz" title="Template:PhilSenMinLdrz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PhilSenMinLdrz" title="Template talk:PhilSenMinLdrz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PhilSenMinLdrz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PhilSenMinLdrz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minority_Floor_Leader_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minority_Floor_Leader_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines">Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claro_M._Recto" title="Claro M. Recto">C. M. Recto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ta%C3%B1ada" title="Lorenzo Tañada">L. Tañada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosio_Padilla" title="Ambrosio Padilla">Padilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estanislao_Fernandez" title="Estanislao Fernandez">Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosio_Padilla" title="Ambrosio Padilla">Padilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Roxas" title="Gerardo Roxas">Roxas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigberto_Ta%C3%B1ada" title="Wigberto Tañada">W. Tañada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Maceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Guingona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Pimentel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Sotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Pimentel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Cayetano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Sotto</a> <i>(acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">R. Recto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Drilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koko_Pimentel" title="Koko Pimentel">Pimentel III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senatorial_history_of_Juan_Ponce_Enrile" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Senatorial_history_of_Juan_Ponce_Enrile" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Senatorial history of Juan Ponce Enrile</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="RBP_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(1987–92)_→_9th" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template:8th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template talk:8th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:8th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="RBP_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(1987–92)_→_9th" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-right:.375rem;"><a href="/wiki/Regular_Batasang_Pambansa" title="Regular Batasang Pambansa">RBP</a> ←</span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="8th Congress of the Philippines">8th Congress of the Philippines (1987–92)</a> <span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-left:.375rem;">→ <a href="/wiki/9th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="9th Congress of the Philippines">9th</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a></b><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga">Jovito Salonga</a> (1987–92)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a> (1992–93)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4" style="font-weight:bold;">Senators (1987–92)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heherson_Alvarez" title="Heherson Alvarez">Heherson Alvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agapito_Aquino" class="mw-redirect" title="Agapito Aquino">Agapito Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Boy_Herrera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernesto Boy Herrera">Ernesto F. Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotero_Laurel" title="Sotero Laurel">Sotero Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Lina" title="Joey Lina">Jose Lina Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Ernesto Maceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Manglapus" title="Raul Manglapus">Raul Manglapus</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_S._Mercado" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando S. Mercado">Orlando S. Mercado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Paterno" title="Vicente Paterno">Vicente Paterno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Osme%C3%B1a" title="John Henry Osmeña">John Henry Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Rasul" class="mw-redirect" title="Nina Rasul">Santanina Rasul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Romulo" title="Alberto Romulo">Alberto Romulo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rene_Saguisag" title="Rene Saguisag">Rene A.V. Saguisag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga">Jovito Salonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leticia_Ramos-Shahani" title="Leticia Ramos-Shahani">Leticia Ramos-Shahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamintal_A.J._Tamano" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamintal A.J. Tamano">Mamintal A.J. Tamano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigberto_Ta%C3%B1ada" title="Wigberto Tañada">Wigberto Tañada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ziga" title="Victor Ziga">Victor Ziga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4" style="font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 1992</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>‡</sup> — Appointed <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a> on October 15, 1987.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="9th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(1995–1998)_→_11th" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template:10th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:10th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:10th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="9th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(1995–1998)_→_11th" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-right:.375rem;"><a href="/wiki/9th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="9th Congress of the Philippines">9th</a> ←</span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/10th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="10th Congress of the Philippines">10th Congress of the Philippines (1995–1998)</a> <span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-left:.375rem;">→ <a href="/wiki/11th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="11th Congress of the Philippines">11th</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a></b><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a> (1995–1996, 1998)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Ernesto Maceda</a> (1996–1998)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">Senior Senators (1992–1998)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Junior Senators (1995–2001)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heherson_Alvarez" title="Heherson Alvarez">Heherson Alvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Herrera_(politician)" title="Ernesto Herrera (politician)">Ernesto Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Ernesto Maceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_S._Mercado" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando S. Mercado">Orlando Mercado</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blas_Ople" title="Blas Ople">Blas Ople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Revilla_Sr." title="Ramon Revilla Sr.">Ramon Revilla Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Romulo" title="Alberto Romulo">Alberto Romulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leticia_Ramos-Shahani" title="Leticia Ramos-Shahani">Leticia Ramos-Shahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Webb" title="Freddie Webb">Freddie Webb</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Coseteng" title="Nikki Coseteng">Nikki Coseteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Fernan" title="Marcelo Fernan">Marcelo Fernan</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Flavier" title="Juan Flavier">Juan Flavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Jr." title="Ramon Magsaysay Jr.">Ramon Magsaysay Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio Osmeña III">Sergio Osmeña III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Roco" title="Raul Roco">Raul Roco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tatad" title="Francisco Tatad">Francisco Tatad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 1998</i></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 2001</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>†</sup> — Position vacated when Fernan died in 1999.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="10th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_11th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(1998-2001)_→_12th" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:11th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template:11th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:11th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template talk:11th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Discuss this 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/11th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="11th Congress of the Philippines">11th Congress of the Philippines (1998-2001)</a> <span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-left:.375rem;">→ <a href="/wiki/12th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="12th Congress of the Philippines">12th</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a></b><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Fernan" title="Marcelo Fernan">Marcelo Fernan</a> (1998-1999)<sup>†</sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Blas_Ople" title="Blas Ople">Blas Ople</a> (1999-2000)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a> (2000)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a> (2000-2001)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">Senior Senators (1995-2001)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Junior Senators (1998-2004)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Coseteng" title="Nikki Coseteng">Nikki Coseteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Fernan" title="Marcelo Fernan">Marcelo Fernan</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a><sup>##</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Jr." title="Ramon Magsaysay Jr.">Ramon Magsaysay Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio Osmeña III">Sergio Osmeña III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Roco" title="Raul Roco">Raul Roco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tatad" title="Francisco Tatad">Francisco Tatad</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tessie_Aquino-Oreta" title="Tessie Aquino-Oreta">Tessie Aquino-Oreta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barbers" title="Robert Barbers">Robert Barbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Biazon" title="Rodolfo Biazon">Rodolfo Biazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rene_Cayetano" title="Rene Cayetano">Rene Cayetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jaworski" title="Robert Jaworski">Robert Jaworski</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Legarda" title="Loren Legarda">Loren Legarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blas_Ople" title="Blas Ople">Blas Ople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Osme%C3%B1a" title="John Henry Osmeña">John Henry Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Revilla_Sr." title="Ramon Revilla Sr.">Ramon Revilla Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 2001</i></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 2004</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup> — Position vacated when Fernan died in 1999.</li> <li><sup>#</sup> — Position vacated when Cayetano died in 2003.</li> <li><sup>##</sup> — Position vacated when Arroyo was elected to vice presidency in 1998.</li> <li><sup>‡</sup> — The appointment of <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> to Guingona to vice presidency made his position to the Senate vacant from January 20, 2001.</li> <li>On May 14, 2001, Honasan was elected to fill in Guingona's unfinished term until 2004.</li> <li><sup>‡‡</sup> — Ople was appointed <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Foreign Affairs secretary</a> in 2002.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="12th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_13th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(2004–2007)_→_14th" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:13th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template:13th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:13th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template talk:13th 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height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/13th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="13th Congress of the Philippines">13th Congress of the Philippines (2004–2007)</a> <span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-left:.375rem;">→ <a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="14th Congress of the Philippines">14th</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a></b><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Manny Villar</a> (2006–2007) <sup>#</sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a> (2004–2006)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">Senior Senators (2001–2007)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Junior Senators (2004–2010)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_Arroyo" title="Joker Arroyo">Joker Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loi_Ejercito" title="Loi Ejercito">Loi Ejercito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Flavier" title="Juan Flavier">Juan Flavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Jr." title="Ramon Magsaysay Jr.">Ramon Magsaysay Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Serge Osmeña">Serge Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pangilinan" title="Francis Pangilinan">Francis Pangilinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">Ralph Recto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Manny Villar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Biazon" title="Rodolfo Biazon">Rodolfo Biazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia_Cayetano" title="Pia Cayetano">Pia Cayetano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gordon_(politician)" title="Dick Gordon (politician)">Dick Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lito_Lapid" title="Lito Lapid">Lito Lapid</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamby_Madrigal" title="Jamby Madrigal">Jamby Madrigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Roxas" title="Mar Roxas">Mar Roxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 2007</i></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 2010</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>#</sup> — Villar became the next Senate president during the <a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="14th Congress of the Philippines">14th Congress</a>.</li> <li><sup>##</sup> — Position vacated when <a href="/wiki/Noli_de_Castro" title="Noli de Castro">Noli de Castro</a> was elected to the vice presidency.</li> <li><sup>###</sup> — In 2007, Lim vacated his position prior to his <a href="/wiki/2007_Philippine_general_election" title="2007 Philippine general election">election</a> as the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="13th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(2007–2010)_→_15th" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template:14th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template talk:14th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:14th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="13th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(2007–2010)_→_15th" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-right:.375rem;"><a href="/wiki/13th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="13th Congress of the Philippines">13th</a> ←</span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="14th Congress of the Philippines">14th Congress of the Philippines (2007–2010)</a> <span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-left:.375rem;">→ <a href="/wiki/15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="15th Congress of the Philippines">15th</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a></b><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (2008–2010)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Manny Villar</a> (2006–2008) <sup>#</sup></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">Senior Senators (2004–2010)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Junior Senators (2007–2013)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Biazon" title="Rodolfo Biazon">Rodolfo Biazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia_Cayetano" title="Pia Cayetano">Pia Cayetano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gordon_(politician)" title="Dick Gordon (politician)">Dick Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lito_Lapid" title="Lito Lapid">Lito Lapid</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamby_Madrigal" title="Jamby Madrigal">Jamby Madrigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Roxas" title="Mar Roxas">Mar Roxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_Arroyo" title="Joker Arroyo">Joker Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Escudero" title="Francis Escudero">Francis Escudero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Legarda" title="Loren Legarda">Loren Legarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pangilinan" title="Francis Pangilinan">Francis Pangilinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Trillanes" title="Antonio Trillanes">Antonio Trillanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Manny Villar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migz_Zubiri" title="Migz Zubiri">Migz Zubiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 2010</i></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 2013</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>#</sup> — Villar was also the previous Senate president of the <a href="/wiki/13th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="13th Congress of the Philippines">13th Congress</a>.</li> <li><sup>##</sup> — Vacant due to <a href="/wiki/2007_Philippine_general_election" title="2007 Philippine general election">election</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a> as the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="15th Congress of the Philippines">15th Congress of the Philippines (2010–2013)</a> <span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-left:.375rem;">→ <a href="/wiki/16th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="16th Congress of the Philippines">16th</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a></b><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (2010–2013) <sup>#</sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a> (2013) <sup>##</sup></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">Senior Senators (2007–2013)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Junior Senators (2010–2016)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_Arroyo" title="Joker Arroyo">Joker Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Escudero" title="Francis Escudero">Francis Escudero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Legarda" title="Loren Legarda">Loren Legarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pangilinan" title="Francis Pangilinan">Francis Pangilinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koko_Pimentel" title="Koko Pimentel">Koko Pimentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Trillanes" title="Antonio Trillanes">Antonio Trillanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Manny Villar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pia_Cayetano" title="Pia Cayetano">Pia Cayetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG_Guingona" title="TG Guingona">TG Guingona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lito_Lapid" title="Lito Lapid">Lito Lapid</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Serge Osmeña">Serge Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">Ralph Recto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 2013</i></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 2016</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>#</sup> — Ponce Enrile was also the Senate president of the <a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="14th Congress of the Philippines">14th Congress</a>.</li> <li><sup>##</sup>—Estrada is in acting capacity after Ponce Enrile takes his resignation.</li> <li><sup>###</sup> —Zubiri resigned from office on August 3, 2011, replaced by Pimentel afterwards.</li> <li><sup>####</sup> — Vacant due to <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">election</a> of <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> to the presidency.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15th_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_16th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(2013–2016)_→_17th" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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margin-right:.375rem;"><a href="/wiki/15th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="15th Congress of the Philippines">15th</a> ←</span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/16th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="16th Congress of the Philippines">16th Congress of the Philippines (2013–2016)</a> <span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-left:.375rem;">→ <a href="/wiki/17th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="17th Congress of the Philippines">17th</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a></b> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;">Senior Senators (2010–2016)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Junior Senators (2013–2019)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pia_Cayetano" title="Pia Cayetano">Pia Cayetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG_Guingona" title="TG Guingona">TG Guingona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lito_Lapid" title="Lito Lapid">Lito Lapid</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Serge Osmeña">Serge Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">Ralph Recto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Tito Sotto</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Angara" title="Sonny Angara">Sonny Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bam_Aquino" title="Bam Aquino">Bam Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Binay" title="Nancy Binay">Nancy Binay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JV_Ejercito" title="JV Ejercito">JV Ejercito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Escudero" title="Francis Escudero">Francis Escudero</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio Honasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Legarda" title="Loren Legarda">Loren Legarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koko_Pimentel" title="Koko Pimentel">Koko Pimentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Poe" title="Grace Poe">Grace Poe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Trillanes" title="Antonio Trillanes">Antonio Trillanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Villar" title="Cynthia Villar">Cynthia Villar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 2016</i></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ends June 30, 2019</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div 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border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:18%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Term</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:18%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Term</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_(Philippines)" title="Executive Secretary (Philippines)">Executive Secretary</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Rodriguez_(lawyer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Rodriguez (lawyer)">Victor Rodriguez</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Bersamin" title="Lucas Bersamin">Lucas Bersamin</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022<br />2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government" title="Department of the Interior and Local Government">Secretary of Interior and Local Government</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Benhur_Abalos" title="Benhur Abalos">Benhur Abalos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jonvic_Remulla" title="Jonvic Remulla">Jonvic Remulla</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2024<br />2024–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agrarian_Reform" title="Department of Agrarian Reform">Secretary of Agrarian Reform</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Conrado_Estrella_III" title="Conrado Estrella III">Conrado Estrella III</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Secretary of Justice</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Crispin_Remulla" title="Jesus Crispin Remulla">Jesus Crispin Remulla</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Department of Agriculture (Philippines)">Secretary of Agriculture</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a>**<br /><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tiu_Laurel_Jr." title="Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr.">Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr.</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023<br />2023–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Labor_and_Employment_(Philippines)" title="Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)">Secretary of Labor and Employment</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_Laguesma" title="Bienvenido Laguesma">Bienvenido Laguesma</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Budget_and_Management" title="Department of Budget and Management">Secretary of Budget and Management</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Amenah_Pangandaman" title="Amenah Pangandaman">Amenah Pangandaman</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Migrant_Workers_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Migrant Workers (Philippines)">Secretary of Migrant Workers</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Ople" title="Susan Ople">Susan Ople</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hans_Cacdac" title="Hans Cacdac">Hans Leo Cacdac</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023<br />2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Department of Education (Philippines)">Secretary of Education</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte-Carpio</a>**<br /><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Angara" title="Sonny Angara">Sonny Angara</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2024<br />2024–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretary of National Defense</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jose_Faustino_Jr." title="Jose Faustino Jr.">Jose Faustino Jr.</a><b>*</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Carlito_Galvez_Jr." title="Carlito Galvez Jr.">Carlito Galvez Jr.</a><b>*</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Teodoro" title="Gilbert Teodoro">Gilbert Teodoro</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023<br />2023<br />2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy_(Philippines)" title="Department of Energy (Philippines)">Secretary of Energy</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Lotilla" title="Raphael Lotilla">Raphael Lotilla</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Secretary of Public Works and Highways</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Bonoan" title="Manuel Bonoan">Manuel Bonoan</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment_and_Natural_Resources_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Philippines)">Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Toni_Yulo-Loyzaga" title="Toni Yulo-Loyzaga">Maria Antonia Loyzaga</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Philippines)" title="Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)">Secretary of Science and Technology</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Renato_Solidum_Jr." title="Renato Solidum Jr.">Renato Solidum Jr.</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Secretary of Finance</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Diokno" title="Benjamin Diokno">Benjamin Diokno</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">Ralph Recto</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2024<br />2024–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Social Welfare and Development (Philippines)">Secretary of Social Welfare and Development</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Tulfo" title="Erwin Tulfo">Erwin Tulfo</a><br />Eduardo Punay<b>*</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Rex_Gatchalian" title="Rex Gatchalian">Rex Gatchalian</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022<br />2022–2023<br />2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Manalo" title="Enrique Manalo">Enrique Manalo</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Tourism_(Philippines)" title="Department of Tourism (Philippines)">Secretary of Tourism</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Christina_Frasco" title="Christina Frasco">Christina Garcia-Frasco</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="Department of Health (Philippines)">Secretary of Health</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Rosario_Vergeire" title="Maria Rosario Vergeire">Maria Rosario Vergeire</a><b>*</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Ted_Herbosa" title="Ted Herbosa">Ted Herbosa</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023<br />2023–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Secretary of Trade and Industry</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_E._Pascual" title="Alfredo E. Pascual">Alfredo Pascual</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Aldeguer-Roque" title="Cristina Aldeguer-Roque">Maria Cristina Aldeguer-Roque</a><b>*</b></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2024<br />2024–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Human_Settlements_and_Urban_Development" title="Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development">Secretary of Human Settlements and Urban Development</a></td><td style="width:8%"> Melissa Aradanas<b>*</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Jose_Acuzar" title="Jose Acuzar">Jose Acuzar</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022<br />2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transportation_(Philippines)" title="Department of Transportation (Philippines)">Secretary of Transportation</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Bautista" title="Jaime Bautista">Jaime Bautista</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Information_and_Communications_Technology_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Information and Communications Technology (Philippines)">Secretary of Information and Communications Technology</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_John_Uy" title="Ivan John Uy">Ivan John Uy</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"></td><td style="width:8%"></td><td style="width:8%"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level"><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines#Officials_with_Cabinet-level_rank" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet-level</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="font-size:100%; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:18%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Term</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:18%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Term</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte-Carpio</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Special_Assistant_to_the_President_(Philippines)" title="Special Assistant to the President (Philippines)">Special Assistant to the President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Lagdameo_Jr." title="Antonio Lagdameo Jr.">Antonio Lagdameo Jr.</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Communications_Group_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Communications Group (Philippines)">Secretary of the Presidential Communications Office</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Trixie_Cruz-Angeles" title="Trixie Cruz-Angeles">Rose Beatrix Angeles</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cheloy_Garafil" title="Cheloy Garafil">Cheloy Garafil</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez_(journalist)" title="Cesar Chavez (journalist)">Cesar Chavez</a><b>*</b></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022<br />2022–2024<br />2024–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Philippines)" title="National Security Council (Philippines)">National Security Adviser</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Clarita_Carlos" title="Clarita Carlos">Clarita Carlos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_A%C3%B1o" title="Eduardo Año">Eduardo Año</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023<br />2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">National Economic and Development Authority <br />  Secretary</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Balisacan" title="Arsenio Balisacan">Arsenio Balisacan</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Presidential_Adviser_on_the_Peace_Process" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process">Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Carlito_Galvez_Jr." title="Carlito Galvez Jr.">Carlito Galvez Jr.</a><br />Isidro L. Purisima<b>*</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Carlito_Galvez_Jr." title="Carlito Galvez Jr.">Carlito Galvez Jr.</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023<br />2023<br />2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> Chief Presidential Legal Counsel</td><td style="width:8%"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> Presidential Assistant for the Visayas</td><td style="width:8%"> Terence Calatrava</td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Solicitor_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Solicitor General">Solicitor General</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Menardo_Guevarra" title="Menardo Guevarra">Menardo Guevarra</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Legislative_Liaison_Office" title="Presidential Legislative Liaison Office">Presidential Adviser on Legislative Affairs</a></td><td style="width:8%"> Irene Afortunado<br /><a href="/wiki/Mark_L._Mendoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark L. Mendoza">Mark Llandro Mendoza</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022<br />2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs (Philippines)">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Andres_Centino" title="Andres Centino">Andres Centino</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bartolome_Vicente_Bacarro" title="Bartolome Vicente Bacarro">Bartolome Vicente Bacarro</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Andres_Centino" title="Andres Centino">Andres Centino</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Romeo_Brawner_Jr." title="Romeo Brawner Jr.">Romeo Brawner Jr.</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2021–2022<br />2022–2023<br />2023<br />2023–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Management_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Management Staff">Secretary of the Presidential Management Staff</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Zenaida_Angping" title="Zenaida Angping">Zenaida Angping</a><br />Elaine T. Masukat*</td><td style="width:8%"> 2022<br />2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> Presidential Adviser on Creative Communications</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Soriano" title="Paul Soriano">Paul Soriano</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023</td><td style="width:18%"> Presidential Adviser for Poverty Alleviation</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gadon" title="Larry Gadon">Larry Gadon</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Special_Assistant_to_the_President_for_Investment_and_Economic_Affairs" title="Special Assistant to the President for Investment and Economic Affairs">Special Assistant to the President for Investment and Economic Affairs</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Go" title="Frederick Go">Frederick Go</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2023–</td><td style="width:18%"> Presidential Assistant for Maritime Concerns</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Andres_Centino" title="Andres Centino">Andres Centino</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> Presidential Adviser on Military and Police Affairs</td><td style="width:8%"> Roman A. Felix</td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"></td><td style="width:8%"></td><td style="width:8%"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Sara_Duterte&#039;s_Office_of_the_Vice_President"><b><a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Office of the Vice President of the Philippines">Office of the Vice President</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="font-size:100%; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:50%"> Position</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:50%"> Appointee</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:50%"> Chief of Staff to the Vice President</td><td style="width:50%"> <a href="/wiki/Zuleika_T._Lopez" title="Zuleika T. Lopez">Zuleika T. Lopez</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:50%"> Assistant Secretary / Assistant Chief of Staff to the Vice President</td><td style="width:50%"> <a href="/wiki/Lemuel_G._Ortonio" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemuel G. Ortonio">Lemuel G. Ortonio</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:50%"> Director of the Administrative and Financial Services Office</td><td style="width:50%"> Rosalynne L. Sanchez</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:50%"> Chief Accountant of the Accounting Division</td><td style="width:50%"> Julieta L. Villadelrey</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:50%"> Chief of the Legal Affairs Division</td><td style="width:50%"> Emily Rose Torrentira</td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>*</b>as Officer-in-charge<br /><b>**</b>in Concurrent capacity</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Ferdinand_Marcos_(1965–78)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Marcos_cabinet" title="Template:Marcos cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Marcos_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Marcos cabinet (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marcos_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marcos cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Ferdinand_Marcos_(1965–78)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (1965–78)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice-President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Lopez" title="Fernando Lopez">Fernando Lopez</a> (1965–72)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ferdinand Marcos, tenth President of the Philippines"><img alt="Ferdinand Marcos, tenth President of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg/120px-Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg/180px-Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg/240px-Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1134" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Department of Agriculture (Philippines)">Secretary of Agriculture<br />and Natural Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Lopez" title="Fernando Lopez">Fernando Lopez</a> (1965–71)</li> <li>Arturo Tanco, Jr. (1971–78)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Department of Education (Philippines)">Secretary of Education,<br />Culture and Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo" title="Carlos P. Romulo">Carlos P. Romulo</a> (1965–67)</li> <li>Onofre Corpuz (1967–71)</li> <li>Juan Manuel (1971–78</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Secretary of Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (1966–68)</li> <li>Eduardo Romualdez (1968–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Virata" title="Cesar Virata">Cesar Virata</a> (1970–78)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narciso_Ramos" title="Narciso Ramos">Narciso Ramos</a> (1965–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo" title="Carlos P. Romulo">Carlos P. Romulo</a> (1968–78)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary for General Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Duterte" title="Vicente Duterte">Vicente Duterte</a> (1965–68)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Secretary of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Yulo" title="José Yulo">José Yulo</a> (1965–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Teehankee" title="Claudio Teehankee">Claudio Teehankee</a> (1967–68)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (1968–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Makasiar" title="Felix Makasiar">Felix Makasiar</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Abad_Santos" title="Vicente Abad Santos">Vicente Abad Santos</a> (1970–78)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretary of National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (acting capacity; 1965–67)</li> <li>Ernesto Mata (1967–70)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (1970–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (acting capacity; 1971–72)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (1972–78)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Secretary of Commerce<br />and Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Marcelo Balatbat (1966–68)</li> <li>Leonidas Virata (1969–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Ernesto Maceda</a> (1970–71)</li> <li>Troadio Quiazon (1971–74)</li> <li>Vicente Paterno (1974–78)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Secretary of Public Works,<br />Transportation<br />and Communications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Antonio Raquiza (1966–68)</li> <li>Rene Espina (1968–69)</li> <li>Antonio Syquio (1969–70)</li> <li>David Consunji (1970–74)</li> <li>Alfredo Juinio (1974–75)</li> <li>Baltazar Aquino (1975–78)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Executive_Secretary_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Executive Secretary of the Philippines">Executive Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_M._Salas" title="Rafael M. Salas">Rafael Salas</a> (1966–69)</li> <li>Alejandro Melchor (1969–78)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">Director-General of the<br />National Economic and<br />Development Authority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gerardo Sicat (1973–78)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_Ministry_of_President_Ferdinand_Marcos_(1978–1986)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Marcos_ministerial_cabinet" title="Template:Marcos ministerial cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Marcos_ministerial_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Marcos ministerial cabinet (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marcos_ministerial_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marcos ministerial cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_Ministry_of_President_Ferdinand_Marcos_(1978–1986)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">Ministry</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (1978–1986)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Philippines" title="Prime Minister of the Philippines">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (<i>as himself</i>; 1978–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Virata" title="Cesar Virata">Cesar Virata</a> (1981-1986)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="17" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ferdinand Marcos, tenth President of the Philippines"><img alt="Ferdinand Marcos, tenth President of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg/120px-Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg/180px-Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg/240px-Marcos_Clark_Air_Base_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1134" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-President of the Philippines">Vice-President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino" title="Arturo Tolentino">Arturo Tolentino</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Department of Agriculture (Philippines)">Minister of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arturo Tanco Jr. (1978–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Escudero_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador Escudero III">Salvador Escudero III</a> (1984–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo" title="Carlos P. Romulo">Carlos P. Romulo</a> (1978–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Collantes" title="Manuel Collantes">Manuel Collantes</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino" title="Arturo Tolentino">Arturo Tolentino</a> (1984–1985)</li> <li>Pacifico Castro (1985–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Minister of Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Virata" title="Cesar Virata">Cesar Virata</a> (1978–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Secretary of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Abad_Santos" title="Vicente Abad Santos">Vicente Abad Santos</a> (1978–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalino_Macaraig_Jr." title="Catalino Macaraig Jr.">Catalino Macaraig Jr.</a> (1979)</li> <li>Ricardo Puno (1979–1984)</li> <li>Estelito Mendoza (1984–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">Minister of National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (1978–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Minister of Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Vicente Paterno (1978–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Ongpin" title="Roberto Ongpin">Roberto Ongpin</a> (1979–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Minister of Trade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Villafuerte" title="Luis Villafuerte">Luis Villafuerte</a> (1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Minister of Trade and Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Ongpin" title="Roberto Ongpin">Roberto Ongpin</a> (1981–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Minister of Public Works, Transportation and Communications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Alfredo Juinio (1978–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Secretary of Public Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Baltazar Aquino (1978–1979)</li> <li>Vicente Paterno (1979–1980)</li> <li>Jesus Hipolito (1980–1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Secretary of Public Works and Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jesus Hipolito (1981–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">Minister of Economic Planning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerardo_Sicat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerardo Sicat (page does not exist)">Gerardo Sicat</a> (1978–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Virata" title="Cesar Virata">Cesar Virata</a> (1981–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy_(Philippines)" title="Department of Energy (Philippines)">Minister of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Geronimo Velasco (1978–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Labor_and_Employment_(Philippines)" title="Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)">Minister of Labor and Employment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blas_Ople" title="Blas Ople">Blas Ople</a> (1978–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of Human Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> (1978–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 1998 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 1998 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 1998 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1998 Philippine presidential election">1998 Philippine presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Makabayang_Masang_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino">LAMMP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia_Jr." title="Jose de Venecia Jr.">Jose de Venecia Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Roco" title="Raul Roco">Raul Roco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksyon_Demokratiko" title="Aksyon Demokratiko">Aksyon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Mario_Osme%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio Mario Osmeña">Emilio Mario Osmeña</a> (<a href="/wiki/Probinsya_Muna_Development_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Probinsya Muna Development Initiative">PROMDI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_de_Villa" title="Renato de Villa">Renato de Villa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partido_para_sa_Demokratikong_Reporma" title="Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma">Reporma-LM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santiago_Dumlao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santiago Dumlao (page does not exist)">Santiago Dumlao</a> (Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Morato" title="Manuel Morato">Manuel Morato</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Bansang_Marangal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Bansang Marangal (page does not exist)">Partido Bansang Marangal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Vice presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Makabayang_Masang_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino">LAMMP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Orbos" title="Oscar Orbos">Oscar Orbos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partido_para_sa_Demokratikong_Reporma" title="Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma">Reporma-LM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio Osmeña III">Sergio Osmeña III</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tatad" title="Francisco Tatad">Francisco Tatad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael_Sueno" title="Ismael Sueno">Ismael Sueno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Probinsya_Muna_Development_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Probinsya Muna Development Initiative">PROMDI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Santiago" title="Irene Santiago">Irene Santiago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksyon_Demokratiko" title="Aksyon Demokratiko">Aksyon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Sabio" title="Camilo Sabio">Camilo Sabio</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Bansang_Marangal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Bansang Marangal (page does not exist)">Partido Bansang Marangal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reynaldo_Pacheco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reynaldo Pacheco (page does not exist)">Reynaldo Pacheco</a> (Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos_and_People_Power_Revolution" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Martial_EDSA" title="Template:Martial EDSA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Martial_EDSA" title="Template talk:Martial EDSA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Martial_EDSA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Martial EDSA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos_and_People_Power_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos</a> and <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Batas Militar sa Pilipinas</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_the_Philippines" title="Martial law in the Philippines">Martial law in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1965 Philippine presidential election">1965 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjugal_dictatorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugal dictatorship">Conjugal dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Philippines–United States relations">Philippines–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_rebellion_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist rebellion in the Philippines">Communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">Sabah claim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabidah_massacre" title="Jabidah massacre">Jabidah massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manili_massacre" title="Manili massacre">Manili massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1969 Philippine presidential election">1969 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Philippine_balance_of_payments_crisis" title="1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis">1969 balance of payments crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Quarter_Storm" title="First Quarter Storm">First Quarter Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agrarian_Reform" title="Department of Agrarian Reform">Agrarian reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diliman_Commune" title="Diliman Commune">Diliman Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Miranda_bombing" title="Plaza Miranda bombing">Plaza Miranda bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_nationalism" title="Filipino nationalism">Filipino nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Philippines" title="Human rights in the Philippines">Human rights in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_ambush_of_Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="1972 ambush of Juan Ponce Enrile">1972 Enrile ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_No._1081" title="Proclamation No. 1081">Proclamation No. 1081</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines#Fourth_Republic_(1973)" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1973 Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Sacred_Heart_Novitiate_raid" title="1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid">1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edifice_complex" title="Edifice complex">Construction of "edifice complex" projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Philippine_parliamentary_election" title="1978 Philippine parliamentary election">1978 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Batasang_Pambansa" title="Interim Batasang Pambansa">Interim Batasang Pambansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz#Veneration" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Beatification of Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Philippine_presidential_election_and_referendum" title="1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum">1981 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ninoy_Aquino" title="Assassination of Ninoy Aquino">Assassination of Ninoy Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_famine" title="Negros famine">Negros famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="Economic history of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Philippine economic history during the Marcos dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Military history of the Philippines during the Marcos dictatorship">Philippine military history during the Marcos dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1986 Philippine presidential election">Snap elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_People_Power_Revolution" title="Timeline of the People Power Revolution">Timeline of the People Power Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights abuses">Human rights <br />abuses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_of_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship">Human rights abuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_torture_methods_used_by_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="List of torture methods used by the Marcos dictatorship">Torture methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_detainees_under_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Political detainees under the Marcos dictatorship">Political detainees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palimbang_massacre" title="Palimbang massacre">Palimbang massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_the_Philippines#Tictapul" title="List of massacres in the Philippines">Tictapul massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archimedes_Trajano" title="Archimedes Trajano">Murder of Archimedes Trajano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macli-ing_Dulag" title="Macli-ing Dulag">Murder of Macli-ing Dulag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daet_massacre" title="Daet massacre">Daet massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culasi#1981_Bacong_Bridge_Massacre" title="Culasi">Bacong Bridge massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Escandor" title="Juan Escandor">Murder of Juan "Johnny" Escandor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Orcullo" title="Alex Orcullo">Murder of Alex Orcullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalante_massacre" title="Escalante massacre">Escalante massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beew_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Beew massacre">Beew massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kleptocracy" title="Kleptocracy">Kleptocracy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unexplained_wealth_of_the_Marcos_family" title="Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family">Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_mansions" title="Marcos mansions">Marcos mansions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_jewels" title="Marcos jewels">Marcos jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_landholdings_of_the_Marcos_family" title="Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family">Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Japanese_ODA_scandal" title="Marcos Japanese ODA scandal">Japanese Official Development Assistance scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coco_Levy_Fund_scam" title="Coco Levy Fund scam">Coco Levy Fund scam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogelio_Roxas" title="Rogelio Roxas">Golden Buddha theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataan_Nuclear_Power_Plant#Controversy" title="Bataan Nuclear Power Plant">Bataan Nuclear Power Plant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cronies_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos">Cronies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcos_family" title="Marcos family">Relatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolex_12" title="Rolex 12">Rolex 12</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danding_Cojuangco" title="Danding Cojuangco">Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr.</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeo_Espino" title="Romeo Espino">Romeo Espino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Ver" title="Fabian Ver">Fabian Ver</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boy_Asistio" title="Boy Asistio">Macario Asistio Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Benedicto" title="Roberto Benedicto">Roberto Benedicto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Yao_Campos" title="Jose Yao Campos">José Yao Campos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Elizalde" title="Manuel Elizalde">Manuel Elizalde Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Floirendo_Sr." title="Antonio Floirendo Sr.">Antonio Floirendo Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imee_Marcos" title="Imee Marcos">María Imelda "Imee" Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Ongpin" title="Roberto Ongpin">Roberto Ongpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Romualdez" title="Benjamin Romualdez">Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Santiago_Sr." title="Ignacio Santiago Sr.">Ignacio Santiago Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Silverio" title="Ricardo Silverio">Ricardo Silverio</a></li> <li>Florentino Sanico Solon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucio_Tan" title="Lucio Tan">Lucio Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Tolentino" title="Arturo Tolentino">Arturo Tolentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicanor_Y%C3%B1iguez" title="Nicanor Yñiguez">Nicanor Yñiguez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabinet Technocrats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Virata" title="Cesar Virata">Cesar Virata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onofre_Corpuz" title="Onofre Corpuz">Onofre Corpuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Fabella" title="Armand Fabella">Armand Fabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_C._Laya" title="Jaime C. Laya">Jaime C. Laya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placido_Mapa_Jr." title="Placido Mapa Jr.">Placido Mapa Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo" title="Carlos P. Romulo">Carlos P. Romulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_force_opposition_to_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Middle force opposition to the Marcos dictatorship">Mainstream opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Leaders</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butz_Aquino" title="Butz Aquino">Agapito "Butz" Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino" title="Ninoy Aquino">Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Aquino" class="mw-redirect" title="Cory Aquino">Corazon C. "Cory" Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_W._Diokno" title="Jose W. Diokno">José W. "Ka Pepe" Diokno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador H. "Doy" Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Roxas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerry Roxas">Gerardo M. "Gerry" Roxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovito_R._Salonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Jovito R. Salonga">Jovito R. "Ka Jovy" Salonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Sin" title="Jaime Sin">Cardinal Jaime Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_M._Ta%C3%B1ada" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorenzo M. Tañada">Lorenzo M. "Ka Tanny" Tañada Sr.</a></li></ul> <p><b>Business sector opposition</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Concepcion_Jr." title="Jose Concepcion Jr.">Jose S. Concepcion Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_M._Guevara,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Domingo M. Guevara, Sr.">Domingo M. Guevara, Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geny_Lopez" class="mw-redirect" title="Geny Lopez">Eugenio "Geny" Lopez Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Ongpin" title="Jaime Ongpin">Jaime Ongpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Yuchengco" title="Alfonso Yuchengco">Alfonso Yuchengco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Yuyitung" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintin Yuyitung">Quintin Yuyitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizal_Yuyitung" class="mw-redirect" title="Rizal Yuyitung">Rizal Yuyitung</a></li></ul> <p><b>Political sector opposition</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobo_Amatong" title="Jacobo Amatong">Jacobo Amatong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_Arroyo" title="Joker Arroyo">Ceferino "Joker" Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Climaco" title="Cesar Climaco">Cesar Climaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peping_Cojuangco" title="Peping Cojuangco">Jose "Peping" Cojuangco Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingting_Cojuangco" title="Tingting Cojuangco">Margarita "Tingting" Cojuangco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Concepcion" title="Roberto Concepcion">Roberto Concepcion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilario_Davide_Jr." title="Hilario Davide Jr.">Hilario Davide Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Fernan" title="Marcelo Fernan">Marcelo Fernan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_M._Gonzalez" title="Raul M. Gonzalez">Raul M. Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribomapil_Holganza_Sr." title="Ribomapil Holganza Sr.">Ribomapil "Dodong" Holganza Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelio_Javier" title="Evelio Javier">Evelio Javier</a></li> <li>Vicente Jayme</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Estrada_Kalaw" title="Eva Estrada Kalaw">Eva Estrada Kalaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_B._Lingad" class="mw-redirect" title="José B. Lingad">José B. Lingad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Ernesto Maceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Manglapus" title="Raul Manglapus">Raul Manglapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivo_Mijares" title="Primitivo Mijares">Primitivo Mijares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Mitra_Jr." title="Ramon Mitra Jr.">Ramon Mitra Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Serge Osmeña">Sergio "Serge" Osmeña III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosio_Padilla" title="Ambrosio Padilla">Ambrosio Padilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Mu%C3%B1oz-Palma" title="Cecilia Muñoz-Palma">Cecilia Muñoz-Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Paterno" title="Vicente Paterno">Vicente Paterno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Quintero_(diplomat)" title="Eduardo Quintero (diplomat)">Eduardo Quintero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soledad_Duterte" title="Soledad Duterte">Soledad Roa Duterte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soc_Rodrigo" title="Soc Rodrigo">Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.B.L._Reyes" class="mw-redirect" title="J.B.L. Reyes">Jose Benedicto Luis "J.B.L." Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rene_Saguisag" title="Rene Saguisag">Rene Saguisag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Sarmiento" title="Abraham Sarmiento">Abraham Sarmiento Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigberto_Ta%C3%B1ada" title="Wigberto Tañada">Wigberto Tañada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Teehankee" title="Claudio Teehankee">Claudio Teehankee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haydee_Yorac" title="Haydee Yorac">Haydee Yorac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calixto_Zaldivar" title="Calixto Zaldivar">Calixto Zaldivar</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Religious_sector_resistance_against_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Religious sector resistance against the Marcos dictatorship">Religious sector opposition</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zacarias_Agatep" title="Zacarias Agatep">Zacarias Agatep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Bacani_Jr." title="Teodoro Bacani Jr.">Teodoro Bacani Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariani_Dimaranan" title="Mariani Dimaranan">Mariani Dimaranan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Dizon" title="Joe Dizon">Joe Dizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullio_Favali" title="Tullio Favali">Tullio Favali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inocencio_Ipong" class="mw-redirect" title="Inocencio Ipong">Inocencio Ipong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelo_Magalit" title="Isabelo Magalit">Isabelo Magalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_John_Mananzan" title="Mary John Mananzan">Mary John Mananzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violeta_Marcos" title="Violeta Marcos">Violeta Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifico_Ortiz" title="Pacifico Ortiz">Pacifico Ortiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnifico_Osorio" title="Magnifico Osorio">Magnifico Osorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Purugganan" title="Miguel Purugganan">Miguel Purugganan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reuter" title="James Reuter">James Reuter</a></li> <li>Rudy Romano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Christine_Tan" title="Mary Christine Tan">Mary Christine Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Tayag" title="Carlos Tayag">Carlos Tayag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Vidal" title="Ricardo Vidal">Ricardo Vidal</a></li> <li>The Magnificent Seven (<a href="/wiki/Francisco_Claver" title="Francisco Claver">Francisco Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_O._Escaler" title="Federico O. Escaler">Federico Escaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Fortich" title="Antonio Fortich">Antonio Fortich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Xavier_Labayen" title="Julio Xavier Labayen">Julio Xavier Labayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Quevedo" title="Orlando Quevedo">Orlando Quevedo</a></li> <li>Felix Perez</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Varela" title="Jesus Varela">Jesus Varela</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic and cultural <br />sector opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Academics and cultural workers</b> <br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Aguilar" title="Freddie Aguilar">Freddie Aguilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APO_Hiking_Society" title="APO Hiking Society">APO Hiking Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danny_Javier" title="Danny Javier">Danny Javier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boboy_Garrovillo" title="Boboy Garrovillo">Boboy Garrovillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Paredes" title="Jim Paredes">Jim Paredes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lualhati_Bautista" title="Lualhati Bautista">Lualhati Bautista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Brocka" title="Lino Brocka">Lino Brocka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_Bernal" title="Ishmael Bernal">Ishmael Bernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Cabangon" title="Noel Cabangon">Noel Cabangon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedicto_Cabrera" title="Benedicto Cabrera">Benedicto Cabrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behn_Cervantes" title="Behn Cervantes">Behn Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Constantino" title="Renato Constantino">Renato Constantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilda_Cordero_Fernando" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilda Cordero Fernando">Gilda Cordero Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_Dalisay" class="mw-redirect" title="Butch Dalisay">Butch Dalisay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jerks" title="The Jerks">The Jerks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Joaquin" title="Nick Joaquin">Nick Joaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Lacaba" title="Emmanuel Lacaba">Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inang_Laya" title="Inang Laya">Inang Laya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricky_Lee" title="Ricky Lee">Ricky Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeste_Legaspi" title="Celeste Legaspi">Celeste Legaspi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_P._Lopez" title="Salvador P. Lopez">Salvador P. Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_Lumbera" title="Bienvenido Lumbera">Bienvenido Lumbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Navarro" title="Leah Navarro">Leah Navarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Nemenzo_Jr." title="Francisco Nemenzo Jr.">Francisco Nemenzo Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nepomuceno" title="Willie Nepomuceno">Willie Nepomuceno</a></li> <li>Bibeth Orteza</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Z._Ortigas" title="Gaston Z. Ortigas">Gaston Z. "Gasty" Ortigas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesio_Prudente" title="Nemesio Prudente">Nemesio Prudente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidlat_Tahimik" title="Kidlat Tahimik">Kidlat Tahimik</a></li> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Student_activism_in_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931972)" title="Student activism in the Philippines (1965–1972)">Student activists</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lean_Alejandro" title="Lean Alejandro">Lean Alejandro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Ang_Sinco" title="Edgar Ang Sinco">Edgar Ang Sinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Bautista" title="Manuel Bautista">Manuel Bautista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neri_Colmenares" title="Neri Colmenares">Neri Colmenares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliosa_Hilao" title="Liliosa Hilao">Liliosa Hilao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_College_of_Engineering#Martial_law" title="University of the Philippines College of Engineering">Antonio Hilario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boni_Ilagan" title="Boni Ilagan">Bonifacio Ilagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Jopson" title="Edgar Jopson">Edgar Jopson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Lamangan" title="Joel Lamangan">Joel Lamangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Araullo" title="Carol Araullo">Carol Pagaduan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Palabay" title="Armando Palabay">Armando Palabay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tish_Pascual-Ladlad" title="Tish Pascual-Ladlad">Tish Pascual-Ladlad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Principe" title="Nestor Principe">Nestor Principe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Quimpo" title="Susan Quimpo">Susan Quimpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Sarmiento_Jr." title="Abraham Sarmiento Jr.">Abraham Sarmiento Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tagamolila" title="Antonio Tagamolila">Antonio Tagamolila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archimedes_Trajano" title="Archimedes Trajano">Archimedes Trajano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tagalog_10" title="Southern Tagalog 10">Southern Tagalog 10</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cristina_Catalla" title="Cristina Catalla">Cristina Catalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Faustino" title="Gerry Faustino">Gerardo Faustino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizalina_Ilagan" title="Rizalina Ilagan">Rizalina Ilagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Sales" title="Jessica Sales">Jessica Sales</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Left-wing opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_Agcaoili" title="Fidel Agcaoili">Fidel Agcaoili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lean_Alejandro" title="Lean Alejandro">Lean Alejandro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrado_Balweg" title="Conrado Balweg">Conrado Balweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorena_Barros" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorena Barros">Lorena Barros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walden_Bello" title="Walden Bello">Walden Bello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispin_Beltran" title="Crispin Beltran">Crispin Beltran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernabe_Buscayno" title="Bernabe Buscayno">Bernabe Buscayno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Corpus" title="Victor Corpus">Victor Corpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maita_Gomez" title="Maita Gomez">Maita Gomez</a></li> <li>Luis Jalandoni</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Lacaba" title="Emmanuel Lacaba">Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filemon_Lagman" title="Filemon Lagman">Filemon Lagman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satur_Ocampo" title="Satur Ocampo">Satur Ocampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_resistance_against_the_Marcos_dictatorship#Martyrs_and_heroes_honored_at_the_Bantayog_ng_mga_Bayani" title="Workers' resistance against the Marcos dictatorship">Felixberto Olalia Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_resistance_against_the_Marcos_dictatorship#Martyrs_and_heroes_honored_at_the_Bantayog_ng_mga_Bayani" title="Workers' resistance against the Marcos dictatorship">Rolando Olalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Sison" title="Jose Maria Sison">Jose Maria Sison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilo_Tayag" title="Nilo Tayag">Nilo Tayag</a></li> <li>Crispin Tagamolila</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Tiamzon" title="Benito Tiamzon">Benito Tiamzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Tiamzon" title="Wilma Tiamzon">Wilma Tiamzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Zumel" title="Antonio Zumel">Antonio Zumel</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opposition in the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_the_Marcos_dictatorship#Prominent_officers_who_publicly_disagreed_with_Marcos" title="Military history of the Philippines during the Marcos dictatorship">Resistance during the Marcos administration years</a></b> <ul><li>Commodore <a href="/wiki/Ramon_A._Alcaraz" title="Ramon A. Alcaraz">Ramon A. Alcaraz</a></li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Gillego" title="Bonifacio Gillego">Bonifacio Gillego</a></li> <li>Capt. <a href="/wiki/Rogelio_Morales" title="Rogelio Morales">Rogelio Morales</a>, PN</li> <li>Capt. <a href="/wiki/Danilo_Vizmanos" title="Danilo Vizmanos">Danilo Vizmanos</a>, PN</li> <li>Brig. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Marcos_G._Soliman" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos G. Soliman">Marcos G. Soliman</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Reform_the_Armed_Forces_Movement" title="Reform the Armed Forces Movement">Reform the Armed Forces Movement</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Honasan" title="Gregorio Honasan">Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan</a></li> <li>Col. Eduardo "Red" Kapunan Jr.</li> <li>BGen. <a href="/wiki/Jose_T._Almonte" title="Jose T. Almonte">Jose T. Almonte</a></li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Victor_Batac" title="Victor Batac">Victor Batac</a></li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Hector_Tarrazona" title="Hector Tarrazona">Hector Tarrazona</a></li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Billy_Bibit" title="Billy Bibit">Billy Bibit</a></li></ul> <p><b>Others who withdrew support during the People Power revolution</b> </p> <ul><li>Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a></li> <li>Commodore Tagumpay Jardiniano</li> <li>Col. Charles Hotchkiss</li> <li>Col. Antonio Sotelo</li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Biazon" title="Rodolfo Biazon">Rodolfo Biazon</a></li> <li>Lt. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Magalong" title="Benjamin Magalong">Benjamin Magalong</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Journalism_during_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Journalism during the Marcos dictatorship">Journalists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Pro-Marcos</b> <br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cristobal" title="Adrian Cristobal">Adrian Cristobal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Guevara" title="Jose Guevara">Jose "Joe" Guevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Nathanielsz" title="Ronnie Nathanielsz">Ronnie Nathanielsz</a></li> <p><b>Opposition</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenia_Apostol" title="Eugenia Apostol">Eugenia Apostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bueno" title="David Bueno">David Bueno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Burgos" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Burgos">Joe Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amando_Doronila" title="Amando Doronila">Amando Doronila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Ceres_Doyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma Ceres Doyo">Ma Ceres Doyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inday_Espina-Varona" title="Inday Espina-Varona">Inday Espina-Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chit_Estella" title="Chit Estella">Chit Estella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Go-Belmonte" title="Betty Go-Belmonte">Betty Go-Belmonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letty_Jimenez_Magsanoc" title="Letty Jimenez Magsanoc">Letty Jimenez Magsanoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Lacaba" title="Pete Lacaba">Jose "Pete" Lacaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Locsin_Sr." title="Teodoro Locsin Sr.">Teodoro Locsin Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Malay" title="Armando Malay">Armando Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Nieva" title="Tony Nieva">Antonio "Tony" Nieva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Orcullo" title="Alex Orcullo">Alex Orcullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_G._Rama" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon G. Rama">Napoleon G. Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chino_Roces" title="Chino Roces">Joaquin "Chino" Roces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximo_Soliven" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximo Soliven">Maximo Soliven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Mari_Velez" title="Jose Mari Velez">Jose Mari Velez</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">American <br />interested parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_W._Bosworth" title="Stephen W. Bosworth">Stephen W. Bosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Byroade" title="Henry A. Byroade">Henry A. Byroade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Habib" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Habib">Philip Habib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton_(actor)" title="George Hamilton (actor)">George Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Laxalt" title="Paul Laxalt">Paul Laxalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Richard Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political <br />pressure groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Political coalitions</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution#Formation_of_coalesced_opposition" title="People Power Revolution">Alliance of Makati Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines-United_States_relations#Military_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippines-United States relations">Anti-Bases Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agapito_Aquino" class="mw-redirect" title="Agapito Aquino">August Twenty One Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagong_Alyansang_Makabayan" title="Bagong Alyansang Makabayan">Bagong Alyansang Makabayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Quezon#Legacy" title="Aurora Quezon">Concerned Women of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Legal_Assistance_Group" title="Free Legal Assistance Group">Free Legal Assistance Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Women%27s_Party" title="Gabriela Women's Party">Gabriela Women's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution#Formation_of_coalesced_opposition" title="People Power Revolution">Justice for Aquino, Justice for All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution#Aquino_Assassination" title="People Power Revolution">Kilusan sa Kapangyarihan at Karapatan ng Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun_Factoran#Human_rights_advocacy_during_martial_law" title="Jun Factoran">Movement of Attorneys for Brotherhood, Integrity and Nationalism, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Free_Philippines" title="Movement for a Free Philippines">Movement for a Free Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Concerned_Citizens_for_Civil_Liberties" title="Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties">Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_Free_Elections" class="mw-redirect" title="National Movement for Free Elections">National Movement for Free Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_Detainees_of_the_Philippines" title="Task Force Detainees of the Philippines">Task Force Detainees of the Philippines</a></li></ul> <p><b>Political parties</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">Partido Demokratiko Pilipino</a>–<a href="/wiki/LABAN" class="mw-redirect" title="LABAN">Lakas ng Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Democratic_Organization" title="United Nationalist Democratic Organization">United Nationalist Democratic Organization</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Aguinaldo" title="Camp Aguinaldo">Camp Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Crame" title="Camp Crame">Camp Crame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Air_Base" title="Clark Air Base">Clark Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Filipino" title="Club Filipino">Club Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bonifacio" title="Fort Bonifacio">Fort Bonifacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Magsaysay" title="Fort Magsaysay">Fort Magsaysay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortigas_Center" title="Ortigas Center">Ortigas Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villamor_Air_Base" title="Villamor Air Base">Villamor Air Base</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_family#The_other_Marcoses" title="Marcos family">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Big_Bird" title="Operation Big Bird">Operation Big Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendiola_massacre" title="Mendiola massacre">Mendiola massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_legislative_election" title="1987 Philippine legislative election">1987 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_attempts_against_Corazon_Aquino" title="Coup attempts against Corazon Aquino">Anti-Aquino coup attempts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_University_of_the_Philippines%E2%80%93Department_of_National_Defense_accord" title="1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord">UP-DND accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Rectification_Movement" title="Second Great Rectification Movement">Second Great Rectification Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Burial of Ferdinand Marcos">Burial of Ferdinand Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Presidency of Corazon Aquino">Aquino Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1987 Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Human_Rights_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Human Rights (Philippines)">Commission on Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Agrarian_Reform_Program" title="Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program">Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Philippine National Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_Good_Government" title="Presidential Commission on Good Government">Presidential Commission on Good Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_during_the_Marcos_dictatorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Music during the Marcos dictatorship">Songs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Bagong_Pagsilang" title="Bagong Pagsilang">Bagong Pagsilang</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bayan_Ko" title="Bayan Ko">Bayan Ko</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Handog_ng_Pilipino_sa_Mundo" title="Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo">Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Magkaisa" title="Magkaisa">Magkaisa</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Celeste_Legaspi" title="Celeste Legaspi">Saranggola ni Pepe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tatsulok" title="Tatsulok">Tatsulok</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tie_a_Yellow_Ribbon_Round_the_Ole_Oak_Tree" title="Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree">Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="List of films about martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">Political Films <br />during the dictatorship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iginuhit_ng_Tadhana" class="mw-redirect" title="Iginuhit ng Tadhana">Iginuhit ng Tadhana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakada_(film)" title="Sakada (film)">Sakada</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conjugal_Dictatorship_of_Ferdinand_and_Imelda_Marcos" title="The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos">The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dekada_%2770_(novel)" title="Dekada '70 (novel)">Dekada '70</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Some_Are_Smarter_Than_Others" class="mw-redirect" title="Some Are Smarter Than Others">Some Are Smarter Than Others</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subversive_Lives:_A_Family_Memoir_of_the_Marcos_Years" class="mw-redirect" title="Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos Years">Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waltzing_with_a_Dictator" title="Waltzing with a Dictator">Waltzing with a Dictator</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slogans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isang_Bansa,_Isang_Diwa" title="Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa">Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_ikauunlad_ng_bayan,_disiplina_ang_kailangan" title="Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang kailangan">Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang kailangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tama_na!_Sobra_na!_Palitan_na!" class="mw-redirect" title="Tama na! Sobra na! Palitan na!">Tama na! Sobra na! Palitan na!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Never_again#Other_uses" title="Never again">Never again</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gestures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V_sign#Specific_uses" title="V sign">V sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_sign" title="Laban sign">Laban sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">Raised fist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and <br />historiography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monuments and memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Monument" title="People Power Monument">People Power Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDSA_Shrine" title="EDSA Shrine">EDSA Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantayog_ng_mga_Bayani" title="Bantayog ng mga Bayani">Bantayog ng mga Bayani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individuals_honored_at_the_Bantayog_ng_mga_Bayani" title="List of individuals honored at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani">individuals</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="List of films about martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ako_si_Ninoy" title="Ako si Ninoy">Ako si Ninoy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barber%27s_Tales" title="Barber's Tales">Barber's Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Batas_Militar_(1997_film)" title="Batas Militar (1997 film)">Batas Militar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Jake" title="Citizen Jake">Citizen Jake</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Dangerous_Life" title="A Dangerous Life">A Dangerous Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dekada_%2770_(film)" title="Dekada '70 (film)">Dekada '70</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eskapo" title="Eskapo">Eskapo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_a_Filipino_Family" title="Evolution of a Filipino Family">Evolution of a Filipino Family</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Memory" title="Forbidden Memory">Forbidden Memory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_What_Is_Before" title="From What Is Before">From What Is Before</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imelda_(film)" title="Imelda (film)">Imelda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katips" title="Katips">Katips</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingmaker_(film)" title="The Kingmaker (film)">The Kingmaker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Journey_of_Ninoy" title="The Last Journey of Ninoy">The Last Journey of Ninoy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liway" title="Liway">Liway</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loyalista:_The_Untold_Story_of_Imelda_Papin" class="mw-redirect" title="Loyalista: The Untold Story of Imelda Papin">Loyalista: The Untold Story of Imelda Papin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maid_in_Malaca%C3%B1ang" title="Maid in Malacañang">Maid in Malacañang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martyr_or_Murderer" title="Martyr or Murderer">Martyr or Murderer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ML_(film)" title="ML (film)">ML</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oras_de_Peligro" title="Oras de Peligro">Oras de Peligro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pisay_(film)" title="Pisay (film)">Pisay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Rustling_of_Leaves:_Inside_the_Philippine_Revolution" title="A Rustling of Leaves: Inside the Philippine Revolution">A Rustling of Leaves: Inside the Philippine Revolution</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sa_Dulo_ng_Baril" title="Sa Dulo ng Baril">Sa Dulo ng Baril</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Season_of_the_Devil" title="Season of the Devil">Season of the Devil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Is_Yellow_the_Middle_of_the_Rainbow%3F" title="Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?">Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_Lies_Love" title="Here Lies Love">Here Lies Love</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Here_Lies_Love_(musical)" title="Here Lies Love (musical)">musical</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maalaala_Mo_Kaya" title="Maalaala Mo Kaya">Maalaala Mo Kaya</a>: The Ninoy and Cory Aquino Story</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Kalapati" title="Kalapati">Kalapati</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Makinilya" title="Makinilya">Makinilya</a>")</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voltes_V" title="Voltes V">Voltes V</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disinformation and <br />distortionism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality">Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_distortion_regarding_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos">Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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