CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Joseph Estrada - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b9e60c41-fe25-4fd3-9e26-e2c4fc8be7ef","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Joseph_Estrada","wgTitle":"Joseph Estrada","wgCurRevisionId":1274063287,"wgRevisionId":1274063287,"wgArticleId":279629,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1: unfit URL","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from April 2021","Use Philippine English from November 2022","All Wikipedia articles written in Philippine English","Articles with hCards","Pages using Template:Post-nominals with customized linking","Pages with Tagalog IPA", "All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022","BLP articles lacking sources from January 2025","All BLP articles lacking sources","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from July 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2024","Commons category link from Wikidata","Joseph Estrada","1937 births","Living people","Ateneo de Manila University alumni","Candidates in the 1998 Philippine presidential election","Candidates in the 2010 Philippine presidential election","Ejercito family","Estrada family","Filipino actor-politicians","Filipino politicians convicted of crimes","20th-century Roman Catholics","21st-century Roman Catholics","20th-century Filipino politicians","20th-century Filipino male actors","Filipino Roman Catholics","Heads of government who were later imprisoned", "Impeached Filipino officials","Impeached presidents","Leaders ousted by a coup","Male actors from Manila","Mapúa University alumni","Mayors of Manila","Mayors of San Juan, Metro Manila","Nacionalista Party politicians","Actors from San Juan, Metro Manila","People from Tondo, Manila","Filipino politicians convicted of corruption","Candidates in the 1992 Philippine vice-presidential election","Politicians from Metro Manila","Presidents of the Philippines","Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino politicians","Ramos administration cabinet members","Recipients of Philippine presidential pardons","Tagalog people","Secretaries of the interior and local government of the Philippines","Senators of the 8th Congress of the Philippines","United Nationalist Alliance politicians","Vice presidents of the Philippines"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Joseph_Estrada","wgRelevantArticleId":279629,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q212733","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.15"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Josephestradapentagon.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1536"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Josephestradapentagon.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1024"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="819"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Joseph Estrada - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Joseph_Estrada rootpage-Joseph_Estrada skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Joseph+Estrada" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Joseph+Estrada" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Joseph+Estrada" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Joseph+Estrada" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film_actor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_actor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Film actor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_actor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entry_into_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entry_into_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Entry into politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entry_into_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayor_of_San_Juan_(1969–1986)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor_of_San_Juan_(1969–1986)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Mayor of San Juan (1969–1986)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor_of_San_Juan_(1969–1986)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senator_of_the_Philippines_(1987–1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senator_of_the_Philippines_(1987–1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Senator of the Philippines (1987–1992)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senator_of_the_Philippines_(1987–1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice_presidency_(1992–1998)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_presidency_(1992–1998)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vice presidency (1992–1998)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice_presidency_(1992–1998)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency_(1998–2001)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency_(1998–2001)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Presidency (1998–2001)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidency_(1998–2001)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Presidency (1998–2001) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Presidency_(1998–2001)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Domestic policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rebellion_in_Mindanao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebellion_in_Mindanao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Rebellion in Mindanao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebellion_in_Mindanao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Foreign policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corruption_charges_and_impeachment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption_charges_and_impeachment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Corruption charges and impeachment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption_charges_and_impeachment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EDSA_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EDSA_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>EDSA II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EDSA_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Protests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ouster_from_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ouster_from_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.2</span> <span>Ouster from office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ouster_from_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration_and_cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration_and_cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Administration and cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration_and_cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-presidency_(2001–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-presidency_(2001–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Post-presidency (2001–present)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-presidency_(2001–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-presidency (2001–present) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-presidency_(2001–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arrest_and_EDSA_III" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrest_and_EDSA_III"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Arrest and EDSA III</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrest_and_EDSA_III-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Trial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perjury_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perjury_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Perjury case</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perjury_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clemency_and_release_from_detention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clemency_and_release_from_detention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Clemency and release from detention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clemency_and_release_from_detention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>2010 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayor_of_Manila_(2013–2019)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor_of_Manila_(2013–2019)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Mayor of Manila (2013–2019)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor_of_Manila_(2013–2019)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Marriage and family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extramarital_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extramarital_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Extramarital affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extramarital_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_relatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_relatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Other relatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_relatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Approval_ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approval_ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Approval ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approval_ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards and honors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>National Honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Foreign honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_Doctorates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_Doctorates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Honorary Doctorates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_Doctorates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph Estrada</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="جوزيف إسترادا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوزيف إسترادا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Джозеф Эстрада – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джозеф Эстрада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="جوزف استرادا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوزف استرادا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ej%C3%A9rcito_Estrada" title="Joseph Ejército Estrada – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Joseph Ejército Estrada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%85%89_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%8B%A4" title="조셉 에스트라다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조셉 에스트라다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada" title="Joseph Ejercito Estrada – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Joseph Ejercito Estrada" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="ჯოზეფ ესტრადა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯოზეფ ესტრადა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Джозеф Эстрада – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джозеф Эстрада" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosephus_Estrada" title="Iosephus Estrada – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iosephus Estrada" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="जोसेफ एस्ट्राडा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जोसेफ एस्ट्राडा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="جوزيف استرادا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوزيف استرادا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%82%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80" title="ジョセフ・エストラーダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョセフ・エストラーダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_E._Estrada" title="Joseph E. Estrada – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Joseph E. Estrada" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ej%C3%A9rcito_Estrada" title="Joseph Ejército Estrada – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Joseph Ejército Estrada" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Эстрада, Джозеф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эстрада, Джозеф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Џозеф Естрада – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џозеф Естрада" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE" title="ஜோசப் எஸ்திராடா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜோசப் எஸ்திராடா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="โจเซฟ เอสตราดา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โจเซฟ เอสตราดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Джозеф Естрада – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джозеф Естрада" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Joseph Estrada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E9%81%94" title="埃斯特拉達 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="埃斯特拉達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE" title="约瑟夫·埃斯特拉达 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约瑟夫·埃斯特拉达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212733#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Joseph_Estrada" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Joseph_Estrada" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Joseph_Estrada" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&oldid=1274063287" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Joseph_Estrada&id=1274063287&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJoseph_Estrada"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJoseph_Estrada"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Joseph_Estrada&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Joseph_Estrada" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Joseph_Estrada" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212733" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Erap" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/ERAP_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="ERAP (disambiguation)">ERAP</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Jose Estrada, see <a href="/wiki/Jose_Estrada_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Jose Estrada (disambiguation)">Jose Estrada (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Philippine name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a> or maternal  <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i>Marcelo</i> and the surname or paternal family name is <i>Ejercito</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Joseph Estrada</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Josephestradapentagon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Josephestradapentagon.jpg/220px-Josephestradapentagon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Josephestradapentagon.jpg/330px-Josephestradapentagon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Josephestradapentagon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Estrada in 2000</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">13th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">9th <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal-Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">22nd <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Manila" title="Mayor of Manila">Mayor of Manila</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 2013 – June 30, 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice Mayor</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Isko Moreno (2013–2016)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Honey_Lacuna" title="Honey Lacuna">Honey Lacuna</a> (2016–2019)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isko_Moreno" title="Isko Moreno">Isko Moreno</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">18th <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government" title="Secretary of the Interior and Local Government">Secretary of the Interior and Local Government</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 1998 – April 12, 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Collantes" title="Sonny Collantes">Sonny Collantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Officer_in_Charge_(Philippines)" title="Officer in Charge (Philippines)"><abbr title="Officer in Charge">OIC</abbr></a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ronaldo_Puno" title="Ronaldo Puno">Ronaldo Puno</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the Presidential Anti-Crime Commission</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1992–1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senator of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">14th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="Mayor of San Juan, Metro Manila">Mayor of San Juan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 5, 1969 – March 26, 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Braulio Santo Domingo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Reynaldo San Pascual</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jose Marcelo Ejercito</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1937-04-19</span>) </span>April 19, 1937<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 87)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Tondo,_Manila" title="Tondo, Manila">Tondo, Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Philippine Commonwealth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a> (1991–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Alliance" title="United Nationalist Alliance">UNA</a> (2012–2015)<br /><a href="/wiki/United_Opposition_(Philippines)" title="United Opposition (Philippines)">UNO</a> (2005–2010)<br /><a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Makabayang_Masang_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino">LAMMP</a> (1997–2001)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC</a> (1991–1997)<br /><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a> (1987–1991)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a> (1969–1987)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Loi_Ejercito" title="Loi Ejercito">Luisa Pimentel</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1959)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">11 (incl. <a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jose Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/JV_Ejercito" title="JV Ejercito">Joseph Victor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jude_Estrada" title="Jude Estrada">Jude</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jake_Ejercito" title="Jake Ejercito">Juan Emilio</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data">Emilio Ejercito Sr. (Father) <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ejercito" title="Mary Ejercito">Maria Marcelo</a> (Mother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ejercito_family" title="Ejercito family">Ejercito family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mesa,_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Mesa, Manila">Santa Mesa, Manila</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Map%C3%BAa_University" title="Mapúa University">Mapúa University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Colleges_of_the_Philippines" title="Central Colleges of the Philippines">Central Colleges of the Philippines</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>actor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Businessman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erap_Estrada_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Estrada's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Erap_Estrada_Signature.svg/128px-Erap_Estrada_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Erap_Estrada_Signature.svg/192px-Erap_Estrada_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Erap_Estrada_Signature.svg/256px-Erap_Estrada_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="133" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Criminal information</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal status</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Pardon" title="Pardon">Pardoned</a> on October 26, 2007 by President <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal charge</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Plunder">Plunder</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Penalty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reclusi%C3%B3n_perpetua" title="Reclusión perpetua">Reclusión perpetua</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#002466;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="627" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#002466;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Joseph Estrada</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">13th President of the Philippines</span></a></div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Early_life_and_education">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Estrada_family" title="Category:Estrada family">Family</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Early political career</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Mayor of <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a></div> <ul><li><ul><li>Electoral protest against Braulio Sto. Domingo</li> <li>Infrastructure development</li></ul></li></ul> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Senator of the Philippines</div> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_House_Committee_on_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Philippine House Committee on Public Works and Highways">Public Works committee chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_House_Committee_on_Health" title="Philippine House Committee on Health">Health committee vice-chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources" title="Philippine House Committee on Natural Resources">Natural Resources committee vice-chairman</a></li> <li>Urban Planning committee vice-chairman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Defense_Treaty_(United_States%E2%80%93Philippines)#Opposition" title="Mutual Defense Treaty (United States–Philippines)">RP-US Military Bases Agreement in 1991</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Vice President of the Philippines</div> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Anti-Corruption_Commission" title="Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission">PACC chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuratong_Baleleng" title="Kuratong Baleleng">Kuratong Baleleng case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_reform_in_the_Philippines#Ramos_administration" title="Constitutional reform in the Philippines">Anti cha-cha rally</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Political affiliations</div> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Alliance" title="United Nationalist Alliance">UNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genuine_Opposition" title="Genuine Opposition">GO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Makabayang_Masang_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino">LAMMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_for_Democracy" title="Grand Alliance for Democracy">GAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">NP</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Presidency</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Inauguration of Joseph Estrada">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada#Administration_and_cabinet" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Administration and cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada#Major_acts_and_legislation" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Major acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada#Domestic_polices" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Domestic policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada#Controversies" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Philippine_campaign_against_the_Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front">Campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camp_Abubakar" title="Battle of Camp Abubakar">Battle of Camp Abubakar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_EDSA_Revolution" title="Second EDSA Revolution">EDSA II</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada#Foreign_policies" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Foreign policy</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RP%E2%80%93US_Visiting_Forces_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="RP–US Visiting Forces Agreement">RP–US Visiting Forces Agreement</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Public image</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada_filmography" title="Joseph Estrada filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Live_for_the_Masses" title="To Live for the Masses">To Live for the Masses</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Post-Presidency</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EDSA_III" title="EDSA III">EDSA III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Trial of Joseph Estrada">Trial</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Pardon_and_release_from_detention">Pardon and release from detention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">2010 presidential campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Manila" title="Mayor of Manila">Mayor of Manila</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Elections</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1987 Philippine Senate election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1992 Philippine presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1998 Philippine presidential election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Manila_local_elections" title="2013 Manila local elections">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Manila_local_elections" title="2016 Manila local elections">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manila_local_elections" title="2019 Manila local elections">2019</a></li></ul> <hr /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prior_Pres_Seal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Prior_Pres_Seal.png/40px-Prior_Pres_Seal.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Prior_Pres_Seal.png/60px-Prior_Pres_Seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Prior_Pres_Seal.png/80px-Prior_Pres_Seal.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joseph_Estrada_sidebar" title="Template:Joseph Estrada sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joseph_Estrada_sidebar" title="Template talk:Joseph Estrada sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joseph_Estrada_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joseph Estrada sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Joseph Ejercito Estrada</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Rizal" title="Knights of Rizal">KGCR</a></span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Tagalog:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">[ʔɛˌhɛːɾ.sɪˈto<span class="wrap"> </span>ʔɛsˈtɾaː.dɐ]</a></span>; born <b>Jose Marcelo Ejercito</b>; April 19, 1937), also known by the nickname <b>Erap</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nickname_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickname-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a Filipino politician and former actor, who served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">13th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> from <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">1998 until his removal in 2001</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of vice presidents of the Philippines">9th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President of the Philippines</a> from 1992 to 1998, and the 22nd <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Manila" title="Mayor of Manila">Mayor of Manila</a>, the country's capital <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 2013 to 2019, also served as the 14th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="Mayor of San Juan, Metro Manila">Mayor of San Juan</a> from 1969 to 1986. In 2001, he became the first chief executive in Asia to be formally impeached.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of <span class="currentage"></span>87, he is currently the oldest living former Philippine president.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over a hundred films in an acting career spanning some three decades. He also worked as a model, beginning as a fashion and ramp model at the age of 13. He used his popularity as an actor to make gains in politics, serving as the 14th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="Mayor of San Juan, Metro Manila">Mayor of San Juan</a> from 1969 to 1986, as <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senator</a> from 1987 to 1992, then as <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President</a> under President <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> from 1992 to 1998. </p><p>Estrada was <a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1998 Philippine presidential election">elected president in 1998</a> with a wide margin of votes separating him from the other challengers and was sworn into the presidency on June 30, 1998. In 2000, he <a href="/wiki/2000_Philippine_campaign_against_the_Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front">declared an "all-out-war"</a> against <a href="/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front">Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camp_Abubakar" title="Battle of Camp Abubakar">captured its headquarters</a> and other camps.<sup id="cite_ref-peopledaily2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peopledaily2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allegations of corruption spawned an <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a> trial in the Senate, and in 2001, Estrada was ousted in the <a href="/wiki/Second_EDSA_Revolution" title="Second EDSA Revolution">Second EDSA Revolution</a> after the prosecution walked out of the impeachment court when the senator-judges voted not to open an envelope that allegedly contained incriminating evidence against him. After his arrest on April 25, 2001, on charges of plunder, his supporters rallied and marched to <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a> and attempted to storm the premises in <a href="/wiki/EDSA_III" title="EDSA III">EDSA III</a>. </p><p>In 2007, Estrada <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Trial of Joseph Estrada">was sentenced</a> by a special division of the <a href="/wiki/Sandiganbayan" title="Sandiganbayan">Sandiganbayan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Reclusi%C3%B3n_perpetua" title="Reclusión perpetua">reclusión perpetua</a> under a charge of plunder for the <a href="/wiki/Embezzlement" title="Embezzlement">embezzlement</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>80 million from the government but was later granted a <a href="/wiki/Pardon" title="Pardon">pardon</a> by the president and his former deputy, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a>. He ran for president again in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">2010 presidential election</a> but was defeated by Senator <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> by a wide margin. He later served as the 22nd <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Manila" title="Mayor of Manila">Mayor of Manila</a> for two terms, from 2013 to 2019. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-BLP_sources_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Contentious material</a> about living persons that is unsourced or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">poorly sourced</a> <b>must be removed immediately</b> from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">libelous</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Joseph+Estrada%22">"Joseph Estrada"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Joseph+Estrada%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Joseph+Estrada%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Joseph+Estrada%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Joseph+Estrada%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Joseph+Estrada%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Joseph Estrada was born as Jose Marcelo Ejercito at 8:25 pm on April 19, 1937 in <a href="/wiki/Tondo,_Manila" title="Tondo, Manila">Tondo</a>, an urban district of <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family later moved to the wealthy suburb of <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a>, then a municipality in the province of <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a>. He belonged to a wealthy family and was the eighth of ten children of Emilio Ejercito Sr. (1899–1977) and his wife, Maria Marcelo (1906–2009). After graduating from the Ateneo Elementary School in 1951, he was expelled during his second year of secondary studies at the <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo High School</a> for disciplinary conduct. Later during college, he enrolled in a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering course at the <a href="/wiki/Map%C3%BAa_University" title="Mapúa University">Mapúa Institute of Technology</a> to please his father. He would leave once again and later transferred to <a href="/wiki/Central_Colleges_of_the_Philippines" title="Central Colleges of the Philippines">Central Colleges of the Philippines</a> College of Engineering but dropped out. </p><p>Estrada began dating his St. John's Academy schoolmate Mercedita "Ditas" Carmona at the age of 15, later losing his virginity to her at 17 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-JEHVillasana_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEHVillasana-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-1950s, Estrada nearly lost his life defending himself against a knife attack, and was rushed to the <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_R._Reyes_Memorial_Medical_Center" title="José R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center">North General Hospital</a> in Manila after the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-JEHVillasana_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEHVillasana-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_actor">Film actor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Film actor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada_filmography" title="Joseph Estrada filmography">Joseph Estrada filmography</a></div> <p>In his twenties, he began a career as a drama actor, usually playing the role of the villain/antagonist. He adopted the stage name "Joseph Estrada", as his mother objected to his chosen career and his decision to quit schooling multiple times. He also acquired the nickname "Erap" (a play on the Tagalog slang "pare", meaning 'buddy') from his friend, fellow actor <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando Poe Jr">Fernando Poe Jr</a>. </p><p>Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over a hundred films in an acting career spanning some three decades. </p><p>In 1974, Estrada founded the <a href="/wiki/Mowelfund" title="Mowelfund">Movie Workers Welfare Foundation</a> (Mowelfund), which helps filmmakers through medical reimbursements, hospitalization, surgery and death benefits, livelihood, alternative income opportunities, and housing. Its educational arm, the Mowelfund Film Institute, has produced some of the most skilled and respected producers, filmmakers, writers, and performers in both the independent and mainstream sectors of the industry since its inception in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also founded, together with <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_de_Vega" title="Guillermo de Vega">Guillermo de Vega</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Metro Manila Film Festival">Metro Manila Film Festival</a> in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entry_into_politics">Entry into politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Entry into politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mayor_of_San_Juan_(1969–1986)"><span id="Mayor_of_San_Juan_.281969.E2.80.931986.29"></span>Mayor of San Juan (1969–1986)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mayor of San Juan (1969–1986)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrada entered politics in 1967, running for mayor of <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a>, failing and only succeeding in 1969 after winning an electoral protest against Braulio Sto. Domingo.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His administration achieved many infrastructure developments. These included the establishment of the first Municipal High School, the Agora complex, a modern slaughterhouse, a sprawling government center with a post office, a mini-park, and the paving of 98 percent of the town's roads and alleys.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As mayor, he paid particular attention to the elementary education of children by improving and renovating school buildings, constructing additional school structures, health centers, barangay halls, and playgrounds in all barangays, and providing artesian wells to areas with low water supply. He relocated some 1,800 squatter families out of San Juan to <a href="/wiki/Taytay,_Rizal" title="Taytay, Rizal">Taytay, Rizal</a>, at no cost. He was also the first mayor to computerize the assessment of the Real Estate Tax at the Municipal Assessor's Office.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> assumed the presidency in 1986, all elected officials of the local government were forcibly removed and replaced by appointed officers-in-charge, including Estrada<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senator_of_the_Philippines_(1987–1992)"><span id="Senator_of_the_Philippines_.281987.E2.80.931992.29"></span>Senator of the Philippines (1987–1992)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Senator of the Philippines (1987–1992)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Honorable_Joseph_E._Estrada_(Senator_of_the_Philippines).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/The_Honorable_Joseph_E._Estrada_%28Senator_of_the_Philippines%29.png/220px-The_Honorable_Joseph_E._Estrada_%28Senator_of_the_Philippines%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/The_Honorable_Joseph_E._Estrada_%28Senator_of_the_Philippines%29.png/330px-The_Honorable_Joseph_E._Estrada_%28Senator_of_the_Philippines%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/The_Honorable_Joseph_E._Estrada_%28Senator_of_the_Philippines%29.png/440px-The_Honorable_Joseph_E._Estrada_%28Senator_of_the_Philippines%29.png 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>Estrada as a senator, photograph released by the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Congress">Philippine Congress</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1988</span></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1987, Estrada won a seat in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a> under the Grand Alliance for Democracy (GAD) placing 14th in the elections (out of 24 winners).<sup id="cite_ref-:04_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Public Works. He was Vice-Chairman of the Committees on Health, Natural Resources and Ecology, and Urban Planning.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Senate, Estrada sponsored bills on irrigation projects and the protection and propagation of the <a href="/wiki/Carabao" title="Carabao">carabao</a>, the beast of burden in the rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estrada and eleven other senators (dubbed the "Magnificent 12" in media coverage) voted to terminate the RP-US Military Bases Agreement in 1991, leading to the withdrawal of American servicemen from the <a href="/wiki/Clark_Air_Base" title="Clark Air Base">Clark Air Base</a> in Pampanga and the <a href="/wiki/Subic_Naval_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Subic Naval Base">Subic Naval Base</a> in Zambales.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1989, the <i>Free Press</i> cited him as one of the Three Outstanding Senators of the Year. He was conferred the degree of Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa by the University of Pangasinan in 1990,<sup id="cite_ref-:04_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the Bicol University in April 1997.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vice_presidency_(1992–1998)"><span id="Vice_presidency_.281992.E2.80.931998.29"></span>Vice presidency (1992–1998)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vice presidency (1992–1998)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Presidency of Fidel V. Ramos">Presidency of Fidel V. Ramos</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/280px--1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="280" height="224" data-durationhint="131" data-mwtitle="1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="600" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="600" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="180" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="300" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="450" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/1992_Oath_Taking_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada_as_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="450" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Oath taking as Vice President of the Philippines on June 30, 1992</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1992, Estrada initially ran for president under the <a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">Partido ng Masang Pilipino</a> (PMP), with Vicente Rivera Jr. as his running mate and fellow actor <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> as his campaign manager.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Philippine film industry called for a 60-day "moratorium" on all film projects by March for industry figures to help Estrada's presidential campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Estrada reluctantly withdrew his bid on March 30 due to financial issues and instead became the running mate of <a href="/wiki/Danding_Cojuangco" title="Danding Cojuangco">Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">Nationalist People's Coalition</a>; Estrada expressed that the decision was "very painful, if not traumatic".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Cojuangco lost to former National Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> for the presidency, Estrada won the vice-presidency garnering more votes than his closest opponent <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Fernan" title="Marcelo Fernan">Marcelo Fernan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Mitra_Jr." title="Ramon Mitra Jr.">Ramon Mitra Jr.</a>'s running mate. </p><p>As vice president, Estrada was the chair of President Ramos' Presidential Anti-Crime Commission (PACC). Estrada arrested criminal warlords and kidnapping syndicates.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He repeatedly topped surveys on government officials' performance conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Social_Weather_Stations" title="Social Weather Stations">Social Weather Stations</a> within his first two years as vice president and was named "Man of the Year" by <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN" title="ABS-CBN">ABS-CBN</a> for 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He resigned as chair in 1997. </p><p>In the same year Estrada, together with former president <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a>, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Sin" title="Jaime Sin">Jaime Sin</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a>, and other political leaders, led an anti-charter change rally that brought in an estimated half a million people to <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_reform_in_the_Philippines#Ramos_administration" title="Constitutional reform in the Philippines">charter change moves by Ramos and his supporters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1993, Estrada established Club 419 (later the International Business Club) in Cafe Ysabel within <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a> as a private men's club for him and his friends, including Poe.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency_(1998–2001)"><span id="Presidency_.281998.E2.80.932001.29"></span>Presidency (1998–2001)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Presidency (1998–2001)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Presidency of Joseph Estrada</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #DEDEDE;"><span style="font-size:80%">Presidential styles of</span><br /><b><span class="fn">Joseph Ejercito Estrada</span></b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prior_Pres_Seal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Prior_Pres_Seal.png/100px-Prior_Pres_Seal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Prior_Pres_Seal.png/150px-Prior_Pres_Seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Prior_Pres_Seal.png/200px-Prior_Pres_Seal.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/His_Excellency" class="mw-redirect" title="His Excellency">His Excellency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data">Your Excellency</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative style</th><td class="infobox-data">Mr. President</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/280px--1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="280" height="192" data-durationhint="1870" data-mwtitle="1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada,_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada,_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="698" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1048" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1572" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1572" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="210" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="350" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="524" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm/1998_Inaugural_Address_of_Joseph_Ejercito_Estrada%2C_12th_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines_-_June_30.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="524" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Inaugural address delivered in Rizal Park, Manila, June 30, 1998.</figcaption></figure> <p>On June 30, 1998, Estrada took his oath of office at the historic Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan. He also gave his inaugural address at the Quirino Grandstand where he promised to bring peace and harmony to the people and pledged to fight corruption and continue the economic reforms of the previous Ramos administration. The elected vice-president was Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo from the LAKAS-NUCD.<sup id="cite_ref-Halili,_M.C._2010_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halili,_M.C._2010-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Erap Para sa Mahirap" became the campaign slogan of the presidency. He drove his election campaign vehicle JEEP, which meant Justice, Economy, Environment, and Peace.<sup id="cite_ref-Halili,_M.C._2010_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halili,_M.C._2010-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estrada was the first president to use a special name as his official address name, combining his real family name, Ejercito, with his screen name, thus forming "Joseph Ejercito Estrada".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrada was inaugurated on June 30, 1998, in the historical town of <a href="/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a> province in paying tribute to the cradle of the <a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Philippine Republic</a>. That afternoon the new president delivered his inaugural address at the <a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Quirino Grandstand</a> in <a href="/wiki/Luneta" class="mw-redirect" title="Luneta">Luneta</a>. He assumed office amid the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Financial_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Financial Crisis">Asian Financial Crisis</a> and with agricultural problems due to poor weather conditions, thereby slowing the economic growth to −0.6% in 1998 from 5.2% in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economy recovered by 3.4% in 1999 and 4% in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000 he declared an "all-out-war" against the <a href="/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front">Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> (MILF) and captured its headquarters and other camps.<sup id="cite_ref-peopledaily2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peopledaily2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allegations of corruption<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spawned a railroaded <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a> trial in the Senate courtesy of house speaker <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Villar" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Villar">Manuel Villar</a>, and in 2001 Estrada was ousted by a coup after the trial was aborted. </p><p>In his inaugural address, Estrada said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>One hundred years after Kawit, fifty years after independence, twelve years after EDSA, and seven years after the rejection of foreign bases, it is now the turn of the masses to experience liberation. We stand in the shadow of those who fought to make us free – free from foreign domination, free from domestic tyranny, free from superpower dictation, free from economic backwardness.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policies">Domestic policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Domestic policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada#Domestic_policies" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Presidency of Joseph Estrada § Domestic policies</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rebellion_in_Mindanao">Rebellion in Mindanao</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rebellion in Mindanao"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2000_Philippine_campaign_against_the_Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front">2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camp_Abubakar" title="Battle of Camp Abubakar">Battle of Camp Abubakar</a></div> <p>During the Ramos administration a cessation of hostilities agreement was signed between the Philippine government and the MILF in July 1997. This was continued by a series of peace talks and negotiations in Estrada administration.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MILF, an Islamic group based in formed in 1977, seeks to be an independent Islamic state from the Philippines, and, despite the agreements, a sequence of terrorist attacks on the Philippine military and civilians still continued.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These included the kidnapping of a foreign priest, namely Father Luciano Benedetti; the destruction by arson of Talayan, Maguindanao's municipal hall; the takeover of the Kauswagan Municipal Hall; the <a href="/wiki/Ozamiz_Ferry_Bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozamiz Ferry Bombing">bombing of the Lady of Mediatrix boat</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ozamiz_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozamiz City">Ozamiz City</a>; and the takeover of the Narciso Ramos Highway. By doing so, they inflicted severe damage on the country's image abroad, and scared much-needed investments away. For this reason, on March 21, 2000, Estrada declared an "all-out war" against the MILF. </p><p>During the war the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bishops%27_Conference_of_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines">Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines</a> (CBCP) asked Estrada to negotiate a <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a> with the MILF, but Estrada opposed the idea arguing that a ceasefire would cause more terrorist attacks. For the next three months of the war, Camp Abubakar, headquarters of the MILF, fell along with other 13 major camps and 43 minor camps, and then all of which became under controlled by the government. The MILF leader Hashim Salamat fled to <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. The MILF later declared <i>a <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a></i> on the government. On July 10 of the same year, the Estrada went to Mindanao and raised the Philippine flag symbolizing victory. After the war Estrada said, "... will speed up government efforts to bring genuine and lasting peace and development in Mindanao". In the middle of July Estrada ordered the military to arrest top MILF leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-peopledaily1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peopledaily1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">state of the nation address</a> (SONA), Estrada highlighted his vision for Mindanao: </p> <ul><li>The first is to restore and maintain peace in Mindanao—because, without peace, there can be no development.</li> <li>The second is to develop Mindanao—because, without development, there can be no peace.</li> <li>The third is to continue seeking peace talks with the MILF within the framework of the Constitution—because a peace agreed upon in good faith is preferable to a peace enforced by force of arms.</li> <li>And the fourth is to continue with the implementation of the peace agreement between the government and the Moro National Liberation Front, or MNLF—because that is our commitment to our countrymen and the international community.</li></ul> <p>In addition to this Estrada said his administration can move with more speed in transforming Mindanao into a progressive economic center.<sup>[1]</sup> High on the list of priorities was the plight of MILF guerrillas who were tired of fighting and had no camps left to which to report. On October 5, 2000, the first massive surrender of 669 LC-MILF mujahideen led by the renegade vice mayor of Marugong, Lanao del Sur Malupandi Cosandi Sarip and seven other battalion commanders, surrendered to Estrada at the 4th ID headquarters in Camp Edilberto Evangelista, Bgy. Patag, Cagayan de Oro City. They were followed shortly by a second batch of 855 surrenderees led by Lost command MILF Commander Sayben Ampaso on December 29, 2000.<sup>[2]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policies">Foreign policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Foreign policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada#Foreign_policies" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Presidency of Joseph Estrada § Foreign policies</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the end of Estrada's administration, debt supposedly reached <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱</span>2.1 trillion in 1999. Domestic debt supposedly amounted to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱</span>986.7 billion while foreign debt stood at US$52.2 billion. The <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_deficit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal deficit">fiscal deficit</a> had reportedly doubled to more than <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱</span>100 billion from a low of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱</span>49 billion in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (July 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Despite such setbacks, the GDP by 1999 posted a 3.2 percent growth rate, up from a low of −0.5 percent in 1998. Moreover, domestic investments started to increase from 18.8% of GDP in 1999 to 21.2% of GDP in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption_charges_and_impeachment">Corruption charges and impeachment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Corruption charges and impeachment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2000, <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a> governor <a href="/wiki/Chavit_Singson" title="Chavit Singson">Luis "Chavit" Singson</a>, a close friend of Estrada, alleged that he had personally given Estrada ₱400 million as the payoff from <a href="/wiki/Jueteng" title="Jueteng">jueteng</a>, a grassroots-based numbers game, hidden in a bank account known as "Jose Velarde", as well as ₱180 million from the government price subsidy for the tobacco farmers' marketing cooperative after Estrada ordered a full-blown investigation into Chavit Singson's alleged misuse of millions of pesos in public funds. Singson's allegation caused controversy across the nation, which culminated in the House of Representatives' filing of an impeachment case against Estrada on November 13, 2000. House Speaker <a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Manny Villar</a> fast-tracked the impeachment complaint. The impeachment suit was brought to the Senate and an impeachment court was formed, with Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Hilario_Davide_Jr." title="Hilario Davide Jr.">Hilario Davide Jr.</a> as presiding officer. Estrada pleaded "not guilty". </p><p>This was the first time the Filipino public witnessed, through radio and television, an elected president stand in trial and face possible impeachment with full media coverage. During the trial, the prosecution presented witnesses and alleged pieces of evidence to the impeachment court regarding Estrada's alleged involvement in jueteng. The existence of secret bank accounts which he allegedly used for receiving payoffs was also brought to the fore. </p><p>In the 2004 Global Transparency Report by <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a>, Estrada, together with <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>, made it into the list of the World's All-Time Most Corrupt Leaders in the World. Estrada was listed tenth and was said to have amassed between $78 million to $80 million.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EDSA_II">EDSA II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: EDSA II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/EDSA_II" class="mw-redirect" title="EDSA II">EDSA II</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Protests">Protests</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the evening of January 16, 2001, the impeachment court voted not to open an envelope that allegedly contained incriminating evidence against Estrada as it was not part of the impeachment complaint. The final vote was 11–10 to keep the envelope closed.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prosecution panel (of congressmen and lawyers) walked out of the impeachment court in protest of this vote.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 11 senators who voted not to open the envelope are known as the "Craven Eleven." That night, anti-Estrada protesters gathered in front of the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Peace_Quasi-Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Peace Quasi-Parish">EDSA Shrine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Epifanio_de_los_Santos_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Epifanio de los Santos Avenue">Epifanio de los Santos Avenue</a>, not too far away from the site of the 1986 <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a> that overthrew President Ferdinand Marcos. </p><p>On January 19, 2001, Armed Forces of the Philippines Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Reyes" title="Angelo Reyes">Angelo Reyes</a>, seeing the political upheaval throughout the country, decided to "withdraw his support" of Estrada and pay his allegiance to the vice president, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ouster_from_office">Ouster from office</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ouster from office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following day, the Supreme Court declared the presidency vacant even without Estrada's resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At noon, Vice President <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> was sworn in by Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Hilario_Davide_Jr." title="Hilario Davide Jr.">Hilario Davide Jr.</a> as president of the Philippines. Before Estrada departed from <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang</a>, he issued the following press release: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>At twelve o'clock noon today, Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo took her oath as President of the Republic of the Philippines. While along with many other legal minds of our country, I have strong and serious doubts about the legality and constitutionality of her proclamation as President, I do not wish to be a factor that will prevent the restoration of unity and order in our civil society. </p><p>It is for this reason that I now leave Malacañang Palace, the seat of the presidency of this country, for the sake of peace and to begin the healing process of our nation. I leave the Palace of our people with gratitude for the opportunities given to me for service to our people. I will not shirk from any future challenges that may come ahead in the same service of our country. </p><p>I call on all my supporters and followers to join me in to promotion of a constructive national spirit of reconciliation and solidarity. </p><p> May the Almighty bless our country and beloved people. <a href="/wiki/Mabuhay" title="Mabuhay">Mabuhay</a>!<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>The Supreme Court on March 2, 2001, upheld the constitutionality of Arroyo succeeding Estrada in a unanimous 13–0 decision in Estrada vs. Desierto.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration_and_cabinet">Administration and cabinet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Administration and cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada#Administration_and_cabinet" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Presidency of Joseph Estrada § Administration and cabinet</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-presidency_(2001–present)"><span id="Post-presidency_.282001.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Post-presidency (2001–present)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Post-presidency (2001–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrest_and_EDSA_III">Arrest and EDSA III</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Arrest and EDSA III"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/EDSA_III" title="EDSA III">EDSA III</a></div> <p>After being ousted from the presidency, Estrada returned to his family home in San Juan. </p><p>On April 25, 2001, the <a href="/wiki/Sandiganbayan" title="Sandiganbayan">Sandiganbayan</a> charged him and his son <a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy</a> with plunder and had them arrested. His supporters marched to the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Peace_Quasi-Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Peace Quasi-Parish">EDSA Shrine</a> to stage a protest demanding Estrada's release and his reinstatement as president, among whom were his wife <a href="/wiki/Loi_Ejercito" title="Loi Ejercito">Loi Ejercito</a> and political allies such as <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gringo_Honasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gringo Honasan">Gringo Honasan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a>. In the early morning of May 1, supporters of Estrada marched straight to the gates of <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a>, where violence erupted and forcing President Arroyo to declare a <a href="/wiki/State_of_rebellion" title="State of rebellion">state of rebellion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Presidential_Proclamation_No._38_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Presidential_Proclamation_No._38-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many protesters were injured in the ensuing riots and arrested, with four casualties, while many journalists were also injured due in part to the protesters' general hostility to the media.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government called out the military and was able to quell the riots with tear gases and warning shots under a "maximum tolerance" policy.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The riots came to be generally known as <a href="/wiki/EDSA_III" title="EDSA III">EDSA III</a>, though others have argued against the use of the name. </p><p>Estrada was initially detained at the <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Memorial_Medical_Center" title="Veterans Memorial Medical Center">Veterans Memorial Medical Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> and then transferred to a military facility in <a href="/wiki/Tanay,_Rizal" title="Tanay, Rizal">Tanay, Rizal</a>,<sup>[1]</sup> but he was later transferred to a nearby vacation home, virtually under house arrest. Under Philippine law at the time, plunder had the maximum penalty of death; the death penalty was eventually repealed by 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trial">Trial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Trial of Joseph Estrada">Trial of Joseph Estrada</a></div> <p>On September 12, 2007, the Sandiganbayan gave its decision, finding Estrada not guilty in his perjury case but guilty of plunder "beyond reasonable doubt". He was sentenced to <i><a href="/wiki/Reclusi%C3%B3n_perpetua" title="Reclusión perpetua">reclusión perpetua</a></i>. He was thus the first Philippine president to be convicted of plunder.<sup>[1]</sup> </p><p>On September 26, 2007, Estrada appealed by filing a 63-page motion for reconsideration of the <a href="/wiki/Sandiganbayan" title="Sandiganbayan">Sandiganbayan</a> judgment penned by <a href="/wiki/Teresita_de_Castro" title="Teresita de Castro">Teresita de Castro</a> (submitting five legal grounds).<sup>[2][3]</sup> Estrada alleged that the court erred "<i>when it convicted him by acquitting his alleged co-conspirators.</i>"<sup>[4]</sup> </p><p>On October 5, 2007, the Sandiganbayan's Special Division ruled to set October 19 as an <a href="/wiki/Oral_argument" title="Oral argument">oral argument</a> (instead of a defense reply) on Estrada's motion for reconsideration. Estrada asked for the court's permission to attend the hearing, since it ordered the prosecution to file a comment before October 11.<sup>[5]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perjury_case">Perjury case</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Perjury case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JosephEstradajf1486.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/JosephEstradajf1486.JPG/220px-JosephEstradajf1486.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/JosephEstradajf1486.JPG/330px-JosephEstradajf1486.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/JosephEstradajf1486.JPG/440px-JosephEstradajf1486.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Estrada in 2012.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sandiganbayan" title="Sandiganbayan">Sandiganbayan</a>'s special division, on June 27, 2008, ordered Estrada to file a comment within 10 days, on the motion of the Ombudsman's special prosecutor to re-open the trial of his <a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">perjury</a> case regarding his 1999 <a href="/wiki/Statement_of_assets,_liabilities_and_net_worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Statement of assets, liabilities and net worth">statement of assets, liabilities, and net worth</a> (SALN). The court was also to resolve <a href="/wiki/Banco_de_Oro" title="Banco de Oro">Banco de Oro</a>'s (formerly Equitable PCI Bank) plea that it could not determine "without hazard to itself" whom to turn over to the P1.1 billion Jose Velarde assets due to claims by Wellex Group / William Gatchalian and a <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Internal_Revenue_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Internal Revenue (Philippines)">Bureau of Internal Revenue</a> stay order.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clemency_and_release_from_detention">Clemency and release from detention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Clemency and release from detention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 22, 2007, Acting Justice Secretary <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Devanadera" title="Agnes Devanadera">Agnes Devanadera</a> stated that Estrada was seeking a "full, free, and unconditional pardon" from President Arroyo.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrada's lawyer Jose Flaminiano wrote Arroyo: "The time has come to end President Estrada's fight for justice and vindication before the courts. Today [Monday], we filed a withdrawal of his Motion for Reconsideration<i>.</i>" Estrada stressed the "delicate condition" of his mother in asking for pardon.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 25, 2007, President Arroyo granted <a href="/wiki/Executive_clemency" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive clemency">executive clemency</a> to Estrada based on the recommendation by the Department of Justice (DoJ). Acting Executive Secretary and Press Secretary Ignacio R. Bunye quoted the signed Order: "In view hereof in pursuant of the authority conferred upon me by the Constitution, I hereby grant Executive clemency to Joseph Ejercito Estrada, convicted by the Sandiganbayan of plunder and imposed a penalty of reclusión perpetua. He is hereby restored to his civil and political rights<i>.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bunye noted that Estrada committed in his application not to seek public office,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he would be free from his Tanay resthouse on October 26, at noon. On October 26, 2007, after almost seven years of detention, Estrada was released after the <a href="/wiki/Sandiganbayan" title="Sandiganbayan">Sandiganbayan</a> promulgated the resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activities">Activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Estrada was released from detention, he gave a message to the Filipino people that he could once again help the lives of the people, especially the poor. He also stated that he made errors as a public servant but assured them that, notwithstanding his conviction for it, corruption was not one of them. After the message was released, he had a nationwide tour called "Lakbay Pasasalamat"<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Thank you tour) during which he thanked the people for their support and gave them relief goods such as food, medicines and clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2010_presidential_election">2010 presidential election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 2010 presidential election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">2010 Philippine presidential election</a></div> <p>During the 2010 presidential election, Estrada stated in interviews that he would be willing to run for the opposition if they would be unable to unite behind a single candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-philstar-clapano2_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philstar-clapano2-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fr. <a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Bernas" title="Joaquin Bernas">Joaquin Bernas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Monsod" title="Christian Monsod">Christian Monsod</a>, members of the constitutional commission that drafted the 1987 Constitution, stated that the constitution prohibited any elected president from seeking a second term at any point in time.<sup id="cite_ref-comedy-tragedy2_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comedy-tragedy2-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romulo Macalintal, election counsel of President Arroyo, clarified that the constitutional ban did not prevent Estrada from attaining the presidency if he were to be elevated from the vice-presidency, for example.<sup id="cite_ref-philstar-punay2_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philstar-punay2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rufus Rodriquez, one of Estrada's lawyers, claimed that Estrada was within his rights to do so because the prohibition banning re-election only applied to the incumbent president.<sup id="cite_ref-philstar-clapano2_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philstar-clapano2-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 22, 2009, Estrada announced that he would run again for president with <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a> as his running mate.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His senatorial lineup included <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tatad" title="Francisco Tatad">Francisco Tatad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joey_de_Venecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Joey de Venecia">Joey de Venecia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrada lost to Senator <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> in the election.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1972, Estrada starred in <i><a href="/wiki/Blood_Compact_(film)" title="Blood Compact (film)">Blood Compact</a></i>. </p><p>In October 2010, the magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Policy (magazine)">Foreign Policy</a></i> included Estrada in its list of five former heads of states/governments who did not make "a positive difference in the world", but "faded away into obscurity." Also included in this "Bad Exes" list were Thailand's <a href="/wiki/Thaksin_Shinawatra" title="Thaksin Shinawatra">Thaksin Shinawatra</a>, Spain's <a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Aznar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Maria Aznar">Jose Maria Aznar</a>, and Germany's <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schroder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerhard Schroder">Gerhard Schroder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estrada announced in November 2010 that he would be selling his 3,000-square-meter (32,000 sq ft) home in San Juan for about <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">₱</a>200 million</span> to pursue his real estate business.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Agence_France_Presse" class="mw-redirect" title="Agence France Presse">Agence France Presse</a> reported that Estrada "has put up two high-rise residential condominium buildings and plans to build a third soon."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mayor_of_Manila_(2013–2019)"><span id="Mayor_of_Manila_.282013.E2.80.932019.29"></span>Mayor of Manila (2013–2019)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Mayor of Manila (2013–2019)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10th_City_Council_of_Manila.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/10th_City_Council_of_Manila.jpg/220px-10th_City_Council_of_Manila.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/10th_City_Council_of_Manila.jpg/330px-10th_City_Council_of_Manila.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/10th_City_Council_of_Manila.jpg/440px-10th_City_Council_of_Manila.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption>Estrada (center, back row) with members of the 10th <a href="/wiki/Manila_City_Council" title="Manila City Council">City Council of Manila</a> on July 13, 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 2012, Estrada announced his intention to run for <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Manila" title="Mayor of Manila">Mayor of Manila</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Manila_local_elections" title="2013 Manila local elections">2013 elections</a> to continue his political career. </p><p>Around noon of May 14, 2013, the day after the conduct of the <a href="/wiki/2013_Philippine_general_election" title="2013 Philippine general election">2013 Philippine mid-term elections</a>, Estrada and his running-mate and re-electionist Vice Mayor <a href="/wiki/Isko_Moreno" title="Isko Moreno">Francisco "Isko" Moreno Domagoso</a> were proclaimed mayor-elect and vice mayor-elect, respectively, by the City Board of Canvassers for the City of Manila. When Estrada assumed office on June 30, 2013, the city government coffers were practically bankrupt as his administration inherited as much as <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱5 or 8 billion</span> in debts.<sup id="cite_ref-eraplegacy_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eraplegacy-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his first term as mayor of Manila, Estrada implemented a city-wide bus ban,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> truck ban,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and revival program especially on <a href="/wiki/Escolta_Street" title="Escolta Street">Escolta Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, Estrada declared the city debt-free after instituting various fiscal reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-utang_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utang-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally planning to serve for one term only,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he changed his mind and ran for reelection in <a href="/wiki/2016_Manila_local_elections" title="2016 Manila local elections">2016</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time, his running mate was former <a href="/wiki/Manila%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Manila's 4th congressional district">4th District</a> Councilor and OIC - City Social Welfare Officer Dr. <a href="/wiki/Honey_Lacuna_Pangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey Lacuna Pangan">Honey Lacuna Pangan</a>. Estrada won in a tight race over former Mayor Alfredo Lim by around 2,000 votes, while Lacuna was elected vice mayor as well.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrada best described his accomplishments as Mayor of Manila as having been able to provide the basic needs of Manileños “from womb to tomb.” He boasted of comprehensive public services from free hospital and medical care services to all residents of Manila starting from mothers giving birth, free books, uniforms, and health snacks for public school students, all the way to free burial and cremation.<sup id="cite_ref-eraplegacy_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eraplegacy-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IskoErapAfterElections.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/IskoErapAfterElections.jpg/220px-IskoErapAfterElections.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/IskoErapAfterElections.jpg/330px-IskoErapAfterElections.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/IskoErapAfterElections.jpg/440px-IskoErapAfterElections.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Then-mayor-elect <a href="/wiki/Isko_Moreno" title="Isko Moreno">Isko Moreno</a> (second from left) paying a <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_visit" class="mw-redirect" title="Courtesy visit">courtesy visit</a> to then outgoing mayor Joseph Estrada (second from right) weeks after defeating the latter in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Manila_local_elections" title="2019 Manila local elections">2019 local elections</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Estrada has also shown support for the controversial Manila Bay reclamation,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the fourth reclamation project approved on June 7, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrada, however, was widely criticized for a publicity stunt at a clean-up drive in <a href="/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a> on July 21, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 28, 2018, Estrada settled the city's <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱200 million</span> tax liabilities, left unpaid by former mayors <a href="/wiki/Lito_Atienza" title="Lito Atienza">Lito Atienza</a> and Alfredo Lim, to the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Internal_Revenue_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Internal Revenue (Philippines)">Bureau of Internal Revenue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-utang_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utang-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After serving two consecutive terms as mayor, Estrada intended to run for a third term in <a href="/wiki/2019_Manila_local_elections" title="2019 Manila local elections">2019</a>, competing against former Manila vice mayor Isko Moreno Domagoso and former Manila mayor Alfredo Lim; Estrada chose former <a href="/wiki/Manila%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Manila's 5th congressional district">5th District</a> Representative <a href="/wiki/Amado_Bagatsing" title="Amado Bagatsing">Amado Bagatsing</a> as his running mate for vice mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-rappler.com_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rappler.com-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrada lost to Domagoso, who beat him by more than 100,000 votes in a <a href="/wiki/Landslide_victory" title="Landslide victory">landslide victory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrada conceded defeat on the evening of May 13 and stepped down on June 30.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erap_country.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Erap_country.png/200px-Erap_country.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Erap_country.png/300px-Erap_country.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Erap_country.png/400px-Erap_country.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Provinces in which Estrada won in 1992, 1998 and 2010 national elections.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>San Juan mayoralty elections</b> </p> <ul><li>Estrada won every mayoralty election in San Juan from 1969 to 1984.</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1987 Philippine Senate election">Senatorial election, 1987</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Joseph Estrada</b> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_for_Democracy" title="Grand Alliance for Democracy">GAD</a>) – 10,029,978 (14th, 24 candidates with the highest number of votes win the 24 seats in the Senate)</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1992 Philippine presidential election">Vice Presidential election, 1992</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Joseph Estrada</b> (<a href="/wiki/Partido_ng_Masang_Pilipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a>) – 6,739,738 (33.00%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Fernan" title="Marcelo Fernan">Marcelo Fernan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a>) – 4,438,494 (21.74%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Mario_Osme%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio Mario Osmeña">Emilio Osmeña</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas-NUCD" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakas-NUCD">Lakas-NUCD</a>) – 3,362,467 (16.47%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Ramon Magsaysay, Jr.">Ramon Magsaysay, Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a>) – 2,900,556 (14.20%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel, Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel, Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">PDP–Laban</a>) – 2,023,289 (9.91%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Magsaysay" title="Vicente Magsaysay">Vicente Magsaysay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">KBL</a>) – 699,895 (3.43%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Estrada-Kalaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva Estrada-Kalaw">Eva Estrada-Kalaw</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a>) – 255,730 (1.25%)</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1998 Philippine presidential election">Presidential election, 1998</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Joseph Estrada</b> (<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Makabayang_Masang_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino">LAMMP</a>) – 10,722,295 (39.86%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose de Venecia">Jose de Venecia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas-NUCD-UMDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakas-NUCD-UMDP">Lakas-NUCD-UMDP</a>) – 4,268,483 (15.87%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Roco" title="Raul Roco">Raul Roco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aksyon_Demokratiko" title="Aksyon Demokratiko">Aksyon Demokratiko</a>) – 3,720,212 (13.83%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Mario_Osme%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio Mario Osmeña">Emilio Osmeña</a> (<a href="/wiki/Probinsya_Muna_Development_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Probinsya Muna Development Initiative">PROMDI</a>) – 3,347,631 (12.44%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>) – 2,344,362 (8.71%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_de_Villa" title="Renato de Villa">Renato de Villa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Partido_ng_Demokratikong_Reporma-Lapiang_Manggagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido ng Demokratikong Reporma-Lapiang Manggagawa">Reporma-LM</a>) – 1,308,352 (4.86%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a>) – 797,206 (2.96%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (Independent) – 343,139 (1.28%)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santiago_Dumlao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santiago Dumlao (page does not exist)">Santiago Dumlao</a> (Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago) – 32,212 (0.12%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Morato" title="Manuel Morato">Manuel Morato</a> (Partido Bansang Marangal) – 18,644 (0.07%)</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">Presidential election, 2010</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>) – 15,208,678 (42.08%)</li> <li><b>Joseph Estrada</b> (<a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a>) – 9,487,837 (26.25%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Manny Villar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a>) – 5,573,835 (15.42%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Teodoro" title="Gilbert Teodoro">Gilbert Teodoro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas_Kampi_CMD" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakas Kampi CMD">Lakas Kampi CMD</a>) – 4,095,839 (11.33%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Villanueva" title="Eddie Villanueva">Eddie Villanueva</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bangon_Pilipinas_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangon Pilipinas Party">Bangon Pilipinas</a>) – 1,125,878 (3.12%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gordon_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Gordon (politician)">Richard Gordon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bagumbayan-VNP" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagumbayan-VNP">Bagumbayan-VNP</a>) – 501,727 (1.39%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicanor_Perlas" title="Nicanor Perlas">Nicanor Perlas</a> (independent) – 54,575 (0.15%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamby_Madrigal" title="Jamby Madrigal">Jamby Madrigal</a> (independent) – 46,489 (0.13%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carlos_de_los_Reyes" title="John Carlos de los Reyes">John Carlos de los Reyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ang_Kapatiran" title="Ang Kapatiran">Ang Kapatiran</a>) – 44,244 (0.12%)</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/2013_Manila_local_elections" title="2013 Manila local elections">Manila Mayoralty Elections 2013</a></b> </p> <ul><li><b>Joseph Estrada</b> (<a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a>) – 349,770</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">LP</a>) – 307,525</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/2016_Manila_local_elections" title="2016 Manila local elections">Manila Mayoralty Elections 2016</a></b> </p> <ul><li><b>Joseph Estrada</b> (<a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a>) – 283,149</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">LP</a>) – 280,464</li> <li>Amado Bagatsing (KABAKA) – 167,829</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/2019_Manila_local_elections" title="2019 Manila local elections">Manila Mayoralty Elections 2019</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isko_Moreno" title="Isko Moreno">Isko Domagoso Moreno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Asenso_Manile%C3%B1o" title="Asenso Manileño">Asenso Manileño</a>) – 357,925</li> <li><b>Joseph Estrada</b> (<a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a>) – 210,605</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">PDP–Laban</a>) – 138,923</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the beginning of his political career, Estrada has been the butt of many jokes, called "ERAP Jokes", in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-PEPPH-Erap_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEPPH-Erap-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the jokes about him center around his limited English vocabulary, while others focus on his corruption scandals. During his presidential campaign in 1998, Estrada authorized the distribution of the joke compilation book <i>ERAPtion: How to Speak English Without Really Trial</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrada is the first president to have previously worked in the entertainment industry as a popular artist, and the first to sport any sort of facial hair during his term, specifically his trademark acting <a href="/wiki/Mustaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustaches">mustaches</a> and wristbands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_and_family">Marriage and family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Marriage and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrada is married to former <a href="/wiki/First_Spouse_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="First Spouse of the Philippines">First Lady</a>-turned-senator Dr. <a href="/wiki/Loi_Estrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Loi Estrada">Luisa "Loi" Pimentel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-PEPPH-Daughter_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEPPH-Daughter-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whom he met while she was working at the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Mental_Health" title="National Center for Mental Health">National Center for Mental Health</a> (NCMH) in <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a>, and has three children with her: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-PhilStar-Dynasties_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhilStar-Dynasties-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mayor of San Juan (1992–2001); senator (2004–2016; 2022–present) (married to Precy Vitug)</li> <li>Jackie Ejercito (formerly married to Beaver Lopez)<sup id="cite_ref-PEPPH-Daughter_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEPPH-Daughter-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_Estrada" title="Jude Estrada">Jude Estrada</a><sup id="cite_ref-PEPPH-Daughter_82-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEPPH-Daughter-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (married to Maria Rowena Ocampo)</li></ul> <p>Due to Estrada's extramarital affair with actress <a href="/wiki/Guia_Gomez" title="Guia Gomez">Guia Gomez</a>, Loi separated from Estrada and moved to the United States with their children for 18 years, with Estrada later stating that he "acted like a single man" during their separation.<sup id="cite_ref-MSJurado_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSJurado-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrada and Loi were seen reunited again when he ran for senator in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-MSJurado_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSJurado-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extramarital_affairs">Extramarital affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Extramarital affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrada has eight children from several extramarital relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estrada had a child with <a href="/wiki/Guia_Gomez" title="Guia Gomez">Guia Gomez</a> named <a href="/wiki/JV_Ejercito" title="JV Ejercito">Joseph Victor "JV" Ejercito</a>, who would later become mayor of San Juan.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had two children with Peachy Osorio, named Joel/Jojo and Teresita/Tetchie.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He fathered a son named Jason with a former air hostess known only as Larena.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Three children—Jerika, Jacob, and actor <a href="/wiki/Jake_Ejercito" title="Jake Ejercito">Jake Ejercito</a>—with former actress <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laarni_Enriquez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laarni Enriquez (page does not exist)">Laarni Enriquez</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One child named Jose Mari/Joma with Joy Melendrez.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_relatives">Other relatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Other relatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several of Ejercito's relatives became prominent figures in politics and show business. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Estregan" title="George Estregan">Jorge Ejercito ("George Estregan")</a>, brother; actor<sup id="cite_ref-PhilStar-Dynasties_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhilStar-Dynasties-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.R._Ejercito" class="mw-redirect" title="E.R. Ejercito">E.R. Ejercito</a> ("George Estregan Jr."), son of <a href="/wiki/George_Estregan" title="George Estregan">George Estregan</a> and nephew; actor, Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Pagsanjan,_Laguna" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagsanjan, Laguna">Pagsanjan, Laguna</a> (2001–2010) and Governor of <a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a> (2010–2014)<sup id="cite_ref-PhilStar-Dynasties_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhilStar-Dynasties-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Estrada" title="Gary Estrada">Gary Ejercito ("Gary Estrada")</a>, nephew; actor, and board member of <a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a> province<sup id="cite_ref-PhilStar-Dynasties_83-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhilStar-Dynasties-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gherome_Ejercito" title="Gherome Ejercito">Gherome Ejercito</a>, nephew;<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> basketball player</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Approval_ratings">Approval ratings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Approval ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Social_Weather_Stations" title="Social Weather Stations">SWS</a> Net satisfaction ratings of Joseph Estrada <span class="nowrap">(September 1998 – December 2000)</span><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Date </th> <th scope="col">Rating </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sep 1998 </th> <td>+60 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nov 1998 </th> <td>+61 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mar 1999 </th> <td>+67 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jun 1999 </th> <td>+65 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Oct 1999 </th> <td>+28 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Dec 1999 </th> <td>+5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mar 2000 </th> <td>+5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jul 2000 </th> <td>+13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sep 2000 </th> <td>+19 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Dec 2000 </th> <td>+9 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th scope="row"><b>Average</b> </th> <td><b>+33</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Honors">National Honors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: National Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Knights_of_Rizal_Ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Order_of_the_Knights_of_Rizal_Ribbon.png/70px-Order_of_the_Knights_of_Rizal_Ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Order_of_the_Knights_of_Rizal_Ribbon.png/105px-Order_of_the_Knights_of_Rizal_Ribbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Order_of_the_Knights_of_Rizal_Ribbon.png/140px-Order_of_the_Knights_of_Rizal_Ribbon.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="232" /></a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Knights_of_Rizal" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Knights of Rizal">Order of the Knights of Rizal</a> – Knight Grand Cross of Rizal.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1975 Metro Manila Film Festival">1975 Metro Manila Film Festival</a> <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> for <i>Diligin mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw na Lupa</i><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1962 FAMAS Best Actor for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Markang_Rehas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Markang Rehas (page does not exist)">Markang Rehas</a><sup id="cite_ref-erap.ph_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erap.ph-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-freewebs.com_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freewebs.com-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1964 FAMAS Best Actor for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geron_Busabos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geron Busabos (page does not exist)">Geron Busabos</a><sup id="cite_ref-erap.ph_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erap.ph-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-freewebs.com_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freewebs.com-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1965 FAMAS Best Actor for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ito_ang_Maynila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ito ang Maynila (page does not exist)">Ito ang Maynila</a></li> <li>1966 FAMAS Best Actor for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sapang_Palay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sapang Palay (page does not exist)">Sapang Palay</a><sup id="cite_ref-erap.ph_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erap.ph-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-freewebs.com_98-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freewebs.com-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1969 FAMAS Best Actor for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galo_Gimbal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galo Gimbal (page does not exist)">Galo Gimbal</a></li> <li>1971 Outstanding Mayor and foremost Nationalist by the Inter-Provincial Information Service<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1972 One of the Ten Outstanding Young Men (TOYM) in Public Administration by the Philippine Jaycees<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1981 FAMAS Best Actor for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoy,_Tukso_Layuan_mo_Ako&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoy, Tukso Layuan mo Ako (page does not exist)">Hoy, Tukso Layuan mo Ako</a></li> <li>1981 FAMAS Hall of Fame<sup id="cite_ref-erap.ph_97-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erap.ph-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 Most Outstanding Citizen of San Juan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_GMMSF_Box-Office_Entertainment_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 GMMSF Box-Office Entertainment Awards">2014 GMMSF Box-Office Entertainment Awards</a> Government Service Award<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_honours">Foreign honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Foreign honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/70px-ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/105px-ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/140px-ARG_Order_of_the_Liberator_San_Martin_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Liberator_General_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="Order of the Liberator General San Martín">Order of the Liberator General San Martín</a> (20 September 1999)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_Doctorates">Honorary Doctorates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Honorary Doctorates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Doctor of Humanities, <i><a href="/wiki/Honoris_Causa" class="mw-redirect" title="Honoris Causa">Honoris Causa</a></i> by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pangasinan" title="University of Pangasinan">University of Pangasinan</a> (1990)</li> <li>Doctor of Humanities, <i>Honoris Causa</i> by <a href="/wiki/Bicol_University" title="Bicol University">Bicol University</a> (April 1997)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nickname-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nickname_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Erap" is a reverse of "pare", which means "pal" or "buddy" in Filipino.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-estrada-factbox-idUSMAN32465120070912">"Key facts on Philippines' former leader Estrada"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. September 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Key+facts+on+Philippines%27+former+leader+Estrada&rft.date=2007-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-philippines-estrada-factbox-idUSMAN32465120070912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130607064510/http://www.philstar.com/election-2013/2013/05/14/942004/erap-wins-manila-mayoralty-race">"Erap wins Manila mayoralty race – Election 2013, Special Reports"</a>. <i>The Philippine Star</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/election-2013/2013/05/14/942004/erap-wins-manila-mayoralty-race">the original</a> on June 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Erap+wins+Manila+mayoralty+race+%E2%80%93+Election+2013%2C+Special+Reports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Felection-2013%2F2013%2F05%2F14%2F942004%2Ferap-wins-manila-mayoralty-race&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagno2001" class="citation journal cs1">Magno, Alexander R. (2001). "PHILIPPINES: Trauma of a Failed Presidency". <i>Southeast Asian Affairs</i>. <b>2001</b>: <span class="nowrap">251–</span>262. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27912279">27912279</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeast+Asian+Affairs&rft.atitle=PHILIPPINES%3A+Trauma+of+a+Failed+Presidency&rft.volume=2001&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E251-%3C%2Fspan%3E262&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27912279%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Magno&rft.aufirst=Alexander+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-peopledaily2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-peopledaily2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-peopledaily2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813134402/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200007/10/eng20000710_45067.html">"Philippine Military Takes Moro Headquarters"</a>. <i>People's Daily</i>. July 10, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200007/10/eng20000710_45067.html">the original</a> on August 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=Philippine+Military+Takes+Moro+Headquarters&rft.date=2000-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2Fenglish%2F200007%2F10%2Feng20000710_45067.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:04-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:04_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:04_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingcol2009" class="citation web cs1">Singcol, Anna Katrina T. (June 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231211183641/https://news.abs-cbn.com/research/06/03/09/profile-joseph-erap-ejercito-estrada">"PROFILE: Joseph Marcelo "ERAP" Ejercito Estrada"</a>. <i>ABS-CBN News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/research/06/03/09/profile-joseph-erap-ejercito-estrada">the original</a> on December 11, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=PROFILE%3A+Joseph+Marcelo+%22ERAP%22+Ejercito+Estrada&rft.date=2009-06-03&rft.aulast=Singcol&rft.aufirst=Anna+Katrina+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fresearch%2F06%2F03%2F09%2Fprofile-joseph-erap-ejercito-estrada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JEHVillasana-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JEHVillasana_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JEHVillasana_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillasana1980" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Villasana, Gil. E. (March 17, 1980). "Joseph Estrada!". <i>Jingle Extra Hot!</i> (in Filipino). pp. <span class="nowrap">16–</span>17, 25. <q>Na-first love siya sa isang babaing may ngalang <b>Ditas Carmona</b>. He lost his virginity at 17. At 18, nasaksak siya sa pagtatanggol sa sarili at nag-aagaw-buhay na isinugod sa noo'y North General Hospital.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jingle+Extra+Hot%21&rft.atitle=Joseph+Estrada%21&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E17%2C+25&rft.date=1980-03-17&rft.aulast=Villasana&rft.aufirst=Gil.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarballo2011" class="citation news cs1">Carballo, Bibsy M. (September 26, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2011/09/26/730720/erap-and-his-recipe-happiness">"Erap and his recipe for happiness"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">Philstar.com</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines: Philstar Global Corp<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philstar.com&rft.atitle=Erap+and+his+recipe+for+happiness&rft.date=2011-09-26&rft.aulast=Carballo&rft.aufirst=Bibsy+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fentertainment%2F2011%2F09%2F26%2F730720%2Ferap-and-his-recipe-happiness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinez-Belen2009" class="citation news cs1">Martinez-Belen, Crispina (March 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090419075849/http://mb.com.ph/">"Mowelfund marks 35th year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Bulletin" title="Manila Bulletin">Manila Bulletin</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mb.com.ph/articles/200438/mowelfund-marks-35th-year">the original</a> on April 19, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Mowelfund+marks+35th+year&rft.date=2009-03-27&rft.aulast=Martinez-Belen&rft.aufirst=Crispina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmb.com.ph%2Farticles%2F200438%2Fmowelfund-marks-35th-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100106155302/https://www.pep.ph/news/24294/former-president-joseph-erap-estrada-proud-to-be-a-founder-of-mmff">"Former President Joseph "Erap" Estrada proud to be a founder of MMFF"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Entertainment_Portal" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Entertainment Portal">Philippine Entertainment Portal</a></i> (in English and Filipino). January 5, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pep.ph/news/24294/former-president-joseph-erap-estrada-proud-to-be-a-founder-of-mmff">the original</a> on January 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Entertainment+Portal&rft.atitle=Former+President+Joseph+%22Erap%22+Estrada+proud+to+be+a+founder+of+MMFF&rft.date=2010-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2F24294%2Fformer-president-joseph-erap-estrada-proud-to-be-a-founder-of-mmff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20090728015822/http://erap.ph/speakson/erap_bio.htm">"Untitled Document"</a>. July 28, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://erap.ph/speakson/erap_bio.htm">the original</a> on July 28, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Untitled+Document&rft.date=2009-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ferap.ph%2Fspeakson%2Ferap_bio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023015717/https://benefactors.mowelfund.com/joseph-estrada/">"Joseph Estrada"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mowelfund" title="Mowelfund">Mowelfund</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://benefactors.mowelfund.com/joseph-estrada/">the original</a> on October 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mowelfund&rft.atitle=Joseph+Estrada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbenefactors.mowelfund.com%2Fjoseph-estrada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancisco2016" class="citation web cs1">Francisco, Katerina (September 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/look-back-senate-no-us-base-renewal-1991">"LOOK BACK: When the Senate said 'no' to US bases renewal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=LOOK+BACK%3A+When+the+Senate+said+%27no%27+to+US+bases+renewal&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft.aulast=Francisco&rft.aufirst=Katerina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnewsbreak%2Fiq%2Flook-back-senate-no-us-base-renewal-1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaragay1992" class="citation news cs1">Maragay, Fel V. (March 2, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19920302&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Stars call 'cut' to join Erap"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i>. Kamahalan Publishing Corp. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Fernando Poe, Jr., undisputed king of the local action movies and Estrada's campaign manager...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Stars+call+%27cut%27+to+join+Erap&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1992-03-02&rft.aulast=Maragay&rft.aufirst=Fel+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8cBNEdFwSQkC%26dat%3D19920302%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBocobo1992" class="citation news cs1">Bocobo, Ariel (March 3, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19920303&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Bad news for Erap's rivals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i>. Kamahalan Publishing Corp. p. 11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Bad+news+for+Erap%27s+rivals&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1992-03-03&rft.aulast=Bocobo&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8cBNEdFwSQkC%26dat%3D19920303%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaragay1992" class="citation news cs1">Maragay, Fel V. (March 30, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19920324&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Erap joins Danding"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i>. Kamahalan Publishing Corp. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Erap+joins+Danding&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1992-03-30&rft.aulast=Maragay&rft.aufirst=Fel+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8cBNEdFwSQkC%26dat%3D19920324%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090813024415/http://www.yehey.com/news/Article.aspx?id=181710">"The rise and fall of Joseph Estrada – Yehey! News"</a>. Yehey.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yehey.com/news/Article.aspx?id=181710">the original</a> on August 13, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+Joseph+Estrada+%E2%80%93+Yehey%21+News&rft.pub=Yehey.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yehey.com%2Fnews%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D181710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19940106&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Estrada named ABS-CBN's 1993 'Man of the Year'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i>. Kamahalan Publishing Corp. January 6, 1994. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Estrada has consistently topped the Social Weather Station's (SWS) surveys on the performance of government officials in 1993.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Estrada+named+ABS-CBN%27s+1993+%27Man+of+the+Year%27&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1994-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8cBNEdFwSQkC%26dat%3D19940106%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110817170818/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/113427/Gloria-and-cha-cha">"Gloria and cha-cha – Research – Official Website of GMA News and Public Affairs – Latest Philippine News – BETA"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GMA_News" class="mw-redirect" title="GMA News">GMA News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanews.tv/story/113427/Gloria-and-cha-cha">the original</a> on August 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=Gloria+and+cha-cha+%E2%80%93+Research+%E2%80%93+Official+Website+of+GMA+News+and+Public+Affairs+%E2%80%93+Latest+Philippine+News+%E2%80%93+BETA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanews.tv%2Fstory%2F113427%2FGloria-and-cha-cha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJapitana1993" class="citation news cs1">Japitana, Norma (February 5, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19930205&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Club 419 — The country's most exclusive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i>. Kamahalan Publishing Corp. p. 20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Club+419+%E2%80%94+The+country%27s+most+exclusive&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1993-02-05&rft.aulast=Japitana&rft.aufirst=Norma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D8cBNEdFwSQkC%26dat%3D19930205%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNocum2001" class="citation news cs1">Nocum, Armand N. (August 24, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DVU1AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1">"Erap pal does a Chavit: Witness eclipses Corpus, Mawanay"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. p. A1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Erap+pal+does+a+Chavit%3A+Witness+eclipses+Corpus%2C+Mawanay&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2001-08-24&rft.aulast=Nocum&rft.aufirst=Armand+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDVU1AAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halili,_M.C._2010-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Halili,_M.C._2010_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halili,_M.C._2010_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Halili, M.C. (2010). Philippine History. Rex Book Store, Inc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManuel_L._Quezon_III" class="citation news cs1">Manuel L. Quezon III. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/insights/06/19/10/trivia-aquino-and-binay">"Trivia on Aquino and Binay"</a>. <i>ABS-CBN News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=Trivia+on+Aquino+and+Binay&rft.au=Manuel+L.+Quezon+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Finsights%2F06%2F19%2F10%2Ftrivia-aquino-and-binay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=200020&Itemid=26">"Philippines : Gov.Ph : The Official Government Portal of the Republic of the Philippines – General Information"</a>. <i>Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Gazette+of+the+Republic+of+the+Philippines&rft.atitle=Philippines+%3A+Gov.Ph+%3A+The+Official+Government+Portal+of+the+Republic+of+the+Philippines+%E2%80%93+General+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D200020%26Itemid%3D26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated6-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abaya, Antonio. (January 17, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iskandalo.com/article.html?id=264">GMAs Successes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713061608/http://www.iskandalo.com/article.html?id=264">Archived</a> July 13, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved September 28, 2009. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated5-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007100949/http://hdn.org.ph/speech-of-former-president-estrada-on-the-grp-moro-conflict/">"Speech of Former President Estrada on the GRP-MORO Conflict – Philippine Human Development Network"</a>. Hdn.org.ph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdn.org.ph/speech-of-former-president-estrada-on-the-grp-moro-conflict/">the original</a> on October 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+of+Former+President+Estrada+on+the+GRP-MORO+Conflict+%E2%80%93+Philippine+Human+Development+Network&rft.pub=Hdn.org.ph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdn.org.ph%2Fspeech-of-former-president-estrada-on-the-grp-moro-conflict%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103131453/https://www.sinatimes.com/2020/01/03/revealing-the-ultimate-2020-list-the-10-most-corrupt-politicians-in-the-world/">"Revealing the Ultimate 2020 List: The 10 Most Corrupt Politicians in the World - The Sina Times"</a>. January 3, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sinatimes.com/2020/01/03/revealing-the-ultimate-2020-list-the-10-most-corrupt-politicians-in-the-world/">the original</a> on January 3, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revealing+the+Ultimate+2020+List%3A+The+10+Most+Corrupt+Politicians+in+the+World+-+The+Sina+Times&rft.date=2020-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinatimes.com%2F2020%2F01%2F03%2Frevealing-the-ultimate-2020-list-the-10-most-corrupt-politicians-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20090808103137/http://erap.ph/speakson/inagural063098.htm">"Untitled Document"</a>. August 8, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://erap.ph/speakson/inagural063098.htm">the original</a> on August 8, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Untitled+Document&rft.date=2009-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ferap.ph%2Fspeakson%2Finagural063098.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-peopledaily1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-peopledaily1_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090813104359/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200007/10/eng20000710_45067.html">"Philippine Military Takes Moro Headquarters"</a>. <i>People's Daily</i>. July 10, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200007/10/eng20000710_45067.html">the original</a> on August 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=Philippine+Military+Takes+Moro+Headquarters&rft.date=2000-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2Fenglish%2F200007%2F10%2Feng20000710_45067.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713061608/http://www.iskandalo.com/article.html?id=264">"www.iskandalo.com"</a>. iskandalo.com. August 21, 1983. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iskandalo.com/article.html?id=264">the original</a> on July 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=www.iskandalo.com&rft.pub=iskandalo.com&rft.date=1983-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iskandalo.com%2Farticle.html%3Fid%3D264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/letterstotheeditor/view/20081007-164968/Records-prove-Estradas-achievements">"Records prove Estrada's achievements"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721191850/http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/letterstotheeditor/view/20081007-164968/Records-prove-Estradas-achievements">Archived</a> July 21, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Philippine News for Filipinos</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerriols2004" class="citation news cs1">Ferriols, Des (March 26, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123095553/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2004/03/26/244005/fm-erap-make-it-list-world146s-most-corrupt">"FM, Erap make it to list of world's most corrupt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2004/03/26/244005/fm-erap-make-it-list-world146s-most-corrupt">the original</a> on November 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=FM%2C+Erap+make+it+to+list+of+world%27s+most+corrupt&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.aulast=Ferriols&rft.aufirst=Des&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2004%2F03%2F26%2F244005%2Ffm-erap-make-it-list-world146s-most-corrupt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCh2001" class="citation news cs1">Ch, Rajiv (January 17, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/01/17/estrada-impeachment-trial-thrown-into-chaos/4f8f0b07-028b-4b15-a10c-fc0e51bcba41/">"Estrada Impeachment Trial Thrown Into Chaos"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Estrada+Impeachment+Trial+Thrown+Into+Chaos&rft.date=2001-01-17&rft.aulast=Ch&rft.aufirst=Rajiv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F2001%2F01%2F17%2Festrada-impeachment-trial-thrown-into-chaos%2F4f8f0b07-028b-4b15-a10c-fc0e51bcba41%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230716132242/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/prosecutors-in-estrada-trial-resign/">"Prosecutors In Estrada Trial Resign"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. December 6, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/prosecutors-in-estrada-trial-resign/">the original</a> on July 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Prosecutors+In+Estrada+Trial+Resign&rft.date=2000-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fprosecutors-in-estrada-trial-resign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBotial2001" class="citation news cs1">Botial, Jerry (January 26, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230716130520/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2001/01/26/89552/reyes-i-abandoned-estrada-prevent-bloodshed">"Reyes: I abandoned Estrada to prevent bloodshed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2001/01/26/89552/reyes-i-abandoned-estrada-prevent-bloodshed">the original</a> on July 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Reyes%3A+I+abandoned+Estrada+to+prevent+bloodshed&rft.date=2001-01-26&rft.aulast=Botial&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2001%2F01%2F26%2F89552%2Freyes-i-abandoned-estrada-prevent-bloodshed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakabenta2001" class="citation news cs1">Makabenta, Leah (January 21, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pn42AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA8">"A people's coup with the support of the military"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. p. A8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=A+people%27s+coup+with+the+support+of+the+military&rft.pages=A8&rft.date=2001-01-21&rft.aulast=Makabenta&rft.aufirst=Leah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPn42AAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028064441/http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/mar2001/gr_146710_2001.html">"G.R. No. 146710-15"</a>. <i>The LawPhil Project</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/mar2001/gr_146710_2001.html">the original</a> on October 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+LawPhil+Project&rft.atitle=G.R.+No.+146710-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawphil.net%2Fjudjuris%2Fjuri2001%2Fmar2001%2Fgr_146710_2001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanganiban2016" class="citation web cs1">Panganiban, Artemio V. (January 17, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opinion.inquirer.net/92100/constitutionality-of-edsa-1-and-edsa-2">"Constitutionality of Edsa 1 and Edsa 2"</a>. <i>Inquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inquirer&rft.atitle=Constitutionality+of+Edsa+1+and+Edsa+2&rft.date=2016-01-17&rft.aulast=Panganiban&rft.aufirst=Artemio+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopinion.inquirer.net%2F92100%2Fconstitutionality-of-edsa-1-and-edsa-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Presidential_Proclamation_No._38-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Presidential_Proclamation_No._38_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawphil.net/executive/proc/proc_38_2001.html">Presidential Proclamation No. 38</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arellano_University_School_of_Law" title="Arellano University School of Law">Lawphil</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212065833/http://www.lawphil.net/executive/proc/proc_38_2001.html">Archived</a> December 12, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGumban2001" class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Gumban, Neil (May 4, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-KhqDkFEAg&t=1146s"><i>Emergency: Naipit sa Gulo!</i></a> [<i>Emergency: Caught in the Fray!</i>]. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i> (in Filipino). Event occurs at 19:06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Bahagya, ako [Arnold Clavio] nga hindi nakaligtas sa kanilang pagbabato't pananakit. Matindi ang kanilang galit.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emergency%3A+Naipit+sa+Gulo%21&rft.date=2001-05-04&rft.aulast=Gumban&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dh-KhqDkFEAg%26t%3D1146s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5KU2AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA44">"Women make the difference on ABS-CBN News"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. May 26, 2001. p. C9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Women+make+the+difference+on+ABS-CBN+News&rft.pages=C9&rft.date=2001-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5KU2AAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillanueva2001" class="citation news cs1">Villanueva, Marichu (May 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2001/05/01/90543/malacantildeang-denies-talks-estrada-house-arrest">"Malacañang denies talks for Estrada house arrest"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">Philstar.com</a></i>. Philstar Global Corp<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2024</span>. <q>[Noel] Cabrera said the Arroyo administration continues to implement "maximum tolerance" in allowing pro-Estrada rallyists to express their grievances.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philstar.com&rft.atitle=Malaca%C3%B1ang+denies+talks+for+Estrada+house+arrest&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.aulast=Villanueva&rft.aufirst=Marichu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2001%2F05%2F01%2F90543%2Fmalacantildeang-denies-talks-estrada-house-arrest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120923151851/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20080627-145167/Estrada-told-to-reply-to-request-to-start-perjury-trial">"newsinfo.inquirer.net, Estrada told to reply to request to start perjury trial"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20080627-145167/Estrada-told-to-reply-to-request-to-start-perjury-trial">the original</a> on September 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=newsinfo.inquirer.net%2C+Estrada+told+to+reply+to+request+to+start+perjury+trial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2Fbreakingnews%2Fnation%2Fview%2F20080627-145167%2FEstrada-told-to-reply-to-request-to-start-perjury-trial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandingin2007" class="citation news cs1">Landingin, Roel (October 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220430132046/https://www.ft.com/content/ff493e50-80a1-11dc-9f14-0000779fd2ac">"Estrada to seek pardon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/ff493e50-80a1-11dc-9f14-0000779fd2ac">the original</a> on April 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Estrada+to+seek+pardon&rft.date=2007-10-22&rft.aulast=Landingin&rft.aufirst=Roel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fff493e50-80a1-11dc-9f14-0000779fd2ac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517231504/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/10/22/asia/AS-GEN-Philippines-Estrada.php">"Ousted Philippine president withdraws appeal for his plunder conviction, seeks pardon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a></i>. Associated Press. October 22, 2007. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Ousted+Philippine+president+withdraws+appeal+for+his+plunder+conviction%2C+seeks+pardon&rft.date=2007-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2Fap%2F2007%2F10%2F22%2Fasia%2FAS-GEN-Philippines-Estrada.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyVillanueva2007" class="citation news cs1">Sy, Marvin; Villanueva, Marichu A. (October 23, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2007/10/23/23096/erap-seeks-gma-pardon">"Erap seeks GMA pardon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240807105221/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2007/10/23/23096/erap-seeks-gma-pardon">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Erap+seeks+GMA+pardon&rft.date=2007-10-23&rft.aulast=Sy&rft.aufirst=Marvin&rft.au=Villanueva%2C+Marichu+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2007%2F10%2F23%2F23096%2Ferap-seeks-gma-pardon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMogato2007" class="citation news cs1">Mogato, Manny (October 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200907214301/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-philippines-estrada-idUKMNB0007120071025">"Former Philippine president Estrada pardoned"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-philippines-estrada-idUKMNB0007120071025">the original</a> on September 7, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Former+Philippine+president+Estrada+pardoned&rft.date=2007-10-25&rft.aulast=Mogato&rft.aufirst=Manny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-philippines-estrada-idUKMNB0007120071025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillanueva" class="citation news cs1">Villanueva, Marichu A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102152513/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2007/10/26/23673/gma-pardons-erap">"GMA pardons Erap"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2007/10/26/23673/gma-pardons-erap">the original</a> on November 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=GMA+pardons+Erap&rft.aulast=Villanueva&rft.aufirst=Marichu+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2007%2F10%2F26%2F23673%2Fgma-pardons-erap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorres2007" class="citation news cs1">Torres, Tetch (October 27, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071028053235/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view_article.php?article_id=96897">"Sandigan approves Estrada release"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Inquirer.net</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view_article.php?article_id=96897">the original</a> on October 28, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inquirer.net&rft.atitle=Sandigan+approves+Estrada+release&rft.date=2007-10-27&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=Tetch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2Fbreakingnews%2Fnation%2Fview_article.php%3Farticle_id%3D96897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.gov.ph/photo_release/2009/0217_04.asp">"Photo Release – Lakbay Pasasalamat"</a>. Senate.gov.ph. February 17, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107040352/http://www.senate.gov.ph/photo_release/2009/0217_04.asp">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photo+Release+%E2%80%93+Lakbay+Pasasalamat&rft.pub=Senate.gov.ph&rft.date=2009-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov.ph%2Fphoto_release%2F2009%2F0217_04.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilippine_Headline_News_Online_(Phno)2008" class="citation web cs1">Philippine Headline News Online (Phno) (April 9, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007143454/http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/hl/hl107327.htm">"ERAP TO ENDORSE WHOEVER TOPS SURVEY IN 2010"</a>. <i>Philippine Headline News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/hl/hl107327.htm">the original</a> on October 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Headline+News&rft.atitle=ERAP+TO+ENDORSE+WHOEVER+TOPS+SURVEY+IN+2010&rft.date=2008-04-09&rft.au=Philippine+Headline+News+Online+%28Phno%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsflash.org%2F2004%2F02%2Fhl%2Fhl107327.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090626091259/http://www.gmanews.tv/video/39976/QTV-Erap-gives-gift-bags-as-part-of-birthday-celebration">"– QTV: Erap gives gift bags as part of birthday celebration"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GMA_News" class="mw-redirect" title="GMA News">GMA News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanews.tv/video/39976/QTV-Erap-gives-gift-bags-as-part-of-birthday-celebration">the original</a> on June 26, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=%E2%80%93+QTV%3A+Erap+gives+gift+bags+as+part+of+birthday+celebration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanews.tv%2Fvideo%2F39976%2FQTV-Erap-gives-gift-bags-as-part-of-birthday-celebration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090614122918/http://www.gmanews.tv/video/33891/Estrada-distributes-food-clothes-medicine-in-Quezon-City">"– Estrada distributes food, clothes, medicine in Quezon City"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GMA_News" class="mw-redirect" title="GMA News">GMA News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanews.tv/video/33891/Estrada-distributes-food-clothes-medicine-in-Quezon-City">the original</a> on June 14, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=%E2%80%93+Estrada+distributes+food%2C+clothes%2C+medicine+in+Quezon+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanews.tv%2Fvideo%2F33891%2FEstrada-distributes-food-clothes-medicine-in-Quezon-City&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-philstar-clapano2-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-philstar-clapano2_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-philstar-clapano2_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClapano2008" class="citation web cs1">Clapano, Jose Rodel (January 7, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090217233714/http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/hl/hl106874.htm">"Erap can run? Binay ready for 2010; Noli open as opposition's bet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">Philstar.com</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/hl/hl106874.htm">the original</a> on February 17, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philstar.com&rft.atitle=Erap+can+run%3F+Binay+ready+for+2010%3B+Noli+open+as+opposition%27s+bet&rft.date=2008-01-07&rft.aulast=Clapano&rft.aufirst=Jose+Rodel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsflash.org%2F2004%2F02%2Fhl%2Fhl106874.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comedy-tragedy2-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-comedy-tragedy2_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Quiros2008" class="citation news cs1">de Quiros, Conrado (January 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090217060022/http://www.inquirer.net/specialreports/theestradawatch/view.php?db=1&article=20080108-110964">"Comedy, tragedy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inquirer.net/specialreports/theestradawatch/view.php?db=1&article=20080108-110964">the original</a> on February 17, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Comedy%2C+tragedy&rft.date=2008-01-08&rft.aulast=de+Quiros&rft.aufirst=Conrado&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inquirer.net%2Fspecialreports%2Ftheestradawatch%2Fview.php%3Fdb%3D1%26article%3D20080108-110964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-philstar-punay2-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-philstar-punay2_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPunay2008" class="citation news cs1">Punay, Edu (December 23, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?ArticleId=426264&publicationSubCategoryId=63">"GMA election lawyer insists Erap can't run in 2010"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=GMA+election+lawyer+insists+Erap+can%27t+run+in+2010&rft.date=2008-12-23&rft.aulast=Punay&rft.aufirst=Edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2FArticle.aspx%3FArticleId%3D426264%26publicationSubCategoryId%3D63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeeches" class="citation web cs1">Speeches. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120711213239/http://erap.ph/409/about-erap/speeches/tinatanggap-ko-ang-hamon/">"Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada – The Official Webpage of Joseph Ejercito Estrada " TINATANGGAP KO ANG HAMON"</a>. Erap.ph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://erap.ph/409/about-erap/speeches/tinatanggap-ko-ang-hamon/">the original</a> on July 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joseph+%22Erap%22+Ejercito+Estrada+%E2%80%93+The+Official+Webpage+of+Joseph+Ejercito+Estrada+%22+TINATANGGAP+KO+ANG+HAMON&rft.pub=Erap.ph&rft.au=Speeches&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ferap.ph%2F409%2Fabout-erap%2Fspeeches%2Ftinatanggap-ko-ang-hamon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalane2009" class="citation news cs1">Balane, Lilita (December 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227032239/https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/12/15/09/8-presidential-bets-left-may-2010-polls">"8 presidential bets left in May 2010 polls"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="ABS-CBN News">ABS-CBN News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/12/15/09/8-presidential-bets-left-may-2010-polls">the original</a> on February 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=8+presidential+bets+left+in+May+2010+polls&rft.date=2009-12-15&rft.aulast=Balane&rft.aufirst=Lilita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fnation%2F12%2F15%2F09%2F8-presidential-bets-left-may-2010-polls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230716133413/https://www.pep.ph/lifestyle/22339/former-president-joseph-estrada-extends-whole-hearted-support-to-president-elect-noynoy-aquino">"Former President Joseph Estrada extends "whole-hearted support" to President-elect Noynoy Aquino"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Entertainment_Portal" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Entertainment Portal">Philippine Entertainment Portal</a></i>. June 9, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pep.ph/lifestyle/22339/former-president-joseph-estrada-extends-whole-hearted-support-to-president-elect-noynoy-aquino">the original</a> on July 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Entertainment+Portal&rft.atitle=Former+President+Joseph+Estrada+extends+%22whole-hearted+support%22+to+President-elect+Noynoy+Aquino&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Flifestyle%2F22339%2Fformer-president-joseph-estrada-extends-whole-hearted-support-to-president-elect-noynoy-aquino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102143945/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/10/01/bad_exes?page=0,3">"Bad Exes – By Joshua E. Keating"</a>. Foreign Policy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/10/01/bad_exes?page=0,3">the original</a> on November 2, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bad+Exes+%E2%80%93+By+Joshua+E.+Keating&rft.pub=Foreign+Policy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Farticles%2F2010%2F10%2F01%2Fbad_exes%3Fpage%3D0%2C3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillanueva2010" class="citation news cs1">Villanueva, Marichu A. (November 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230716133914/https://www.philstar.com/news-commentary/2010/11/25/632821/erap-selling-polk-st-house">"Erap selling Polk St. house"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/news-commentary/2010/11/25/632821/erap-selling-polk-st-house">the original</a> on July 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Erap+selling+Polk+St.+house&rft.date=2010-11-25&rft.aulast=Villanueva&rft.aufirst=Marichu+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fnews-commentary%2F2010%2F11%2F25%2F632821%2Ferap-selling-polk-st-house&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/639601468762340338/pdf/283740WBI0Case0study0pcij1estrada.pdf">"Condominium buildings"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Condominium+buildings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F639601468762340338%2Fpdf%2F283740WBI0Case0study0pcij1estrada.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eraplegacy-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eraplegacy_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eraplegacy_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillanueva2019" class="citation news cs1">Villanueva, Marichu (April 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2019/04/17/1910672/eraps-legacy-manila">"Erap's legacy in Manila"</a>. The Philippine Star<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Erap%27s+legacy+in+Manila&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft.aulast=Villanueva&rft.aufirst=Marichu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fopinion%2F2019%2F04%2F17%2F1910672%2Feraps-legacy-manila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/nation/35925-estrada-moreno-manila-bus-ban/">"In fatigues, Estrada blocks buses from entering Manila"</a>. <i>Rappler</i>. August 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=In+fatigues%2C+Estrada+blocks+buses+from+entering+Manila&rft.date=2013-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F35925-estrada-moreno-manila-bus-ban%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruz2014" class="citation news cs1">Cruz, Neal (February 26, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/philippine-daily-inquirer-1109/20140226/281694022694648">"Erap and Isko defend expanded truck ban"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Erap+and+Isko+defend+expanded+truck+ban&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressreader.com%2Fphilippines%2Fphilippine-daily-inquirer-1109%2F20140226%2F281694022694648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/metro-manila/09/13/14/erap-lifts-truck-ban-manila-indefinitely">"Erap lifts truck ban in Manila indefinitely"</a>. <i>ABS-CBN News</i>. September 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=Erap+lifts+truck+ban+in+Manila+indefinitely&rft.date=2014-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fnation%2Fmetro-manila%2F09%2F13%2F14%2Ferap-lifts-truck-ban-manila-indefinitely&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzales2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Gonzales, Vir (July 11, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/pang-masa/pang-movies/2013/07/11/964160/mayor-erap-ibabalik-ang-buhay-ng-escolta">"Mayor Erap ibabalik ang buhay ng Escolta"</a>. <i>Philstar.com</i> (in Filipino)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philstar.com&rft.atitle=Mayor+Erap+ibabalik+ang+buhay+ng+Escolta&rft.date=2013-07-11&rft.aulast=Gonzales&rft.aufirst=Vir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fpang-masa%2Fpang-movies%2F2013%2F07%2F11%2F964160%2Fmayor-erap-ibabalik-ang-buhay-ng-escolta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-utang-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-utang_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-utang_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://manilastandard.net/news/national/276666/erap-settles-manila-s-p200-million-debt-to-bir.html">"Erap settles Manila's P200-million debt to BIR"</a>. <i>Manila Standard</i>. September 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Erap+settles+Manila%27s+P200-million+debt+to+BIR&rft.date=2018-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmanilastandard.net%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F276666%2Ferap-settles-manila-s-p200-million-debt-to-bir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/257570/news/nation/joseph-estrada-to-run-for-manila-mayor-but-for-one-term-only">"Joseph Estrada to run for Manila mayor but for one term only"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GMA_News" class="mw-redirect" title="GMA News">GMA News</a></i>. May 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=Joseph+Estrada+to+run+for+Manila+mayor+but+for+one+term+only&rft.date=2012-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F257570%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fjoseph-estrada-to-run-for-manila-mayor-but-for-one-term-only&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pep.ph/news/51270/manila-mayor-joseph-estrada-announces-reelection-bid-in-2016">"Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada announces reelection bid in 2016"</a>. <i>Philippine Entertainment Forum</i>. April 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Entertainment+Forum&rft.atitle=Manila+Mayor+Joseph+Estrada+announces+reelection+bid+in+2016&rft.date=2015-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2F51270%2Fmanila-mayor-joseph-estrada-announces-reelection-bid-in-2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/132567-erap-wins-manila-mayor-lim-2016-elections-ph-vote">"Erap wins close Manila mayoral race over Lim"</a>. <i>Rappler</i>. May 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Erap+wins+close+Manila+mayoral+race+over+Lim&rft.date=2016-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2Fpolitics%2Felections%2F2016%2F132567-erap-wins-manila-mayor-lim-2016-elections-ph-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/nation/35505-erap-supports-manila-bay-reclamation/">"Erap supports Manila Bay reclamation"</a>. <i>Rappler</i>. August 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Erap+supports+Manila+Bay+reclamation&rft.date=2013-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F35505-erap-supports-manila-bay-reclamation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSee2017" class="citation news cs1">See, Aie Balagtas (June 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/903263/erap-oks-fourth-reclamation-project-on-manila-bay">"Erap OKs fourth reclamation project on Manila Bay"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Erap+OKs+fourth+reclamation+project+on+Manila+Bay&rft.date=2017-06-07&rft.aulast=See&rft.aufirst=Aie+Balagtas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F903263%2Ferap-oks-fourth-reclamation-project-on-manila-bay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/21/17/basura-itinapon-sa-manila-bay-para-sa-publicity-ng-cleanup-drive">"Basura, itinapon sa Manila Bay para sa 'publicity' ng cleanup drive"</a>. <i>ABS-CBN News</i> (in Filipino). July 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&rft.atitle=Basura%2C+itinapon+sa+Manila+Bay+para+sa+%27publicity%27+ng+cleanup+drive&rft.date=2021-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fnews%2F07%2F21%2F17%2Fbasura-itinapon-sa-manila-bay-para-sa-publicity-ng-cleanup-drive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeyba2017" class="citation news cs1">Leyba, Olmin (July 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/nation/2017/07/22/1720429/manila-govt-erap-criticized-publicity-clean-drive-manila-bay">"Manila gov't, Erap, criticized for 'publicity' clean-up drive in Manila Bay"</a>. <i>Philstar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philstar.com&rft.atitle=Manila+gov%27t%2C+Erap%2C+criticized+for+%27publicity%27+clean-up+drive+in+Manila+Bay&rft.date=2017-07-22&rft.aulast=Leyba&rft.aufirst=Olmin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fnation%2F2017%2F07%2F22%2F1720429%2Fmanila-govt-erap-criticized-publicity-clean-drive-manila-bay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rappler.com-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rappler.com_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220716053226/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/226997-estrada-legacy-third-term-manila-mayor/">"Estrada boasts of 'legacy' to win 3rd term as Manila mayor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2019/226997-estrada-legacy-third-term-manila-mayor">the original</a> on July 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Estrada+boasts+of+%27legacy%27+to+win+3rd+term+as+Manila+mayor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2Fpolitics%2Felections%2F2019%2F226997-estrada-legacy-third-term-manila-mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrellana2019" class="citation news cs1">Orellana, Faye (June 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626201628/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1134561/joseph-estrada-still-in-disbelief-he-lost-manilas-top-post">"Joseph Estrada still in disbelief he lost Manila's top post"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1134561/joseph-estrada-still-in-disbelief-he-lost-manilas-top-post">the original</a> on June 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Joseph+Estrada+still+in+disbelief+he+lost+Manila%27s+top+post&rft.date=2019-06-27&rft.aulast=Orellana&rft.aufirst=Faye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1134561%2Fjoseph-estrada-still-in-disbelief-he-lost-manilas-top-post&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/sYos2TLzOfY">"Erap Estrada Concedes to New Manila Mayor Isko Moreno"</a>. May 14, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYos2TLzOfY">the original</a> on December 12, 2021 – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Erap+Estrada+Concedes+to+New+Manila+Mayor+Isko+Moreno&rft.date=2019-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DsYos2TLzOfY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuan" class="citation news cs1">Buan, Lian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2019/230460-results-manila-erap-loses-isko-moreno-new-mayor">"Erap loses in Manila, Isko Moreno proclaimed new mayor"</a>. <i>Rappler</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Erap+loses+in+Manila%2C+Isko+Moreno+proclaimed+new+mayor&rft.aulast=Buan&rft.aufirst=Lian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2Fpolitics%2Felections%2F2019%2F230460-results-manila-erap-loses-isko-moreno-new-mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PEPPH-Erap-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PEPPH-Erap_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928215531/https://www.pep.ph/lifestyle/13775/erap-and-everything-erapting-about-him">"Erap, and everything "Erapting" about him"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Entertainment_Portal" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Entertainment Portal">Philippine Entertainment Portal</a></i>. September 12, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pep.ph/lifestyle/13775/erap-and-everything-erapting-about-him">the original</a> on September 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Entertainment+Portal&rft.atitle=Erap%2C+and+everything+%22Erapting%22+about+him&rft.date=2007-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Flifestyle%2F13775%2Ferap-and-everything-erapting-about-him&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobles2000" class="citation web cs1">Robles, Alan C. (November 22, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310060103/http://www.hotmanila.ph/ESP/2000/joked_to_death0300110.htm?comments_page=0">"Hot Manila – Joked to Death"</a>. Hotmanila.ph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotmanila.ph/ESP/2000/joked_to_death0300110.htm?comments_page=0">the original</a> on March 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hot+Manila+%E2%80%93+Joked+to+Death&rft.pub=Hotmanila.ph&rft.date=2000-11-22&rft.aulast=Robles&rft.aufirst=Alan+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotmanila.ph%2FESP%2F2000%2Fjoked_to_death0300110.htm%3Fcomments_page%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PEPPH-Daughter-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PEPPH-Daughter_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PEPPH-Daughter_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PEPPH-Daughter_82-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerato2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2">Serato, Arniel C. (June 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230716140658/https://www.pep.ph/news/local/70701/mayor-joseph-estradas-daughter-jackie-ejercito-not-closing-doors-on-politics">"Mayor Joseph Estrada's daughter Jackie Ejercito not closing doors on politics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Entertainment_Portal" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Entertainment Portal">Philippine Entertainment Portal</a></i> (in Filipino and English). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pep.ph/news/local/70701/mayor-joseph-estradas-daughter-jackie-ejercito-not-closing-doors-on-politics">the original</a> on July 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Entertainment+Portal&rft.atitle=Mayor+Joseph+Estrada%27s+daughter+Jackie+Ejercito+not+closing+doors+on+politics&rft.date=2018-06-23&rft.aulast=Serato&rft.aufirst=Arniel+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F70701%2Fmayor-joseph-estradas-daughter-jackie-ejercito-not-closing-doors-on-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PhilStar-Dynasties-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PhilStar-Dynasties_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PhilStar-Dynasties_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PhilStar-Dynasties_83-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PhilStar-Dynasties_83-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClapano2012" class="citation news cs1">Clapano, Jose Rodel (October 11, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913151326/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2012/10/11/858309/erap-let-people-decide-dynasties">"Erap: Let people decide on dynasties"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2012/10/11/858309/erap-let-people-decide-dynasties">the original</a> on September 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Erap%3A+Let+people+decide+on+dynasties&rft.date=2012-10-11&rft.aulast=Clapano&rft.aufirst=Jose+Rodel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2012%2F10%2F11%2F858309%2Ferap-let-people-decide-dynasties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSJurado-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSJurado_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSJurado_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJurado1997" class="citation news cs1">Jurado, Emil P. (October 28, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DqAVAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA14">"Erap-Loi interview honest and sincere"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Standard" title="Manila Standard">Manila Standard</a></i>. Kamahalan Publishing Corp. p. 14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Standard&rft.atitle=Erap-Loi+interview+honest+and+sincere&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1997-10-28&rft.aulast=Jurado&rft.aufirst=Emil+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDqAVAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrisostomo1999" class="citation book cs1">Crisostomo, Isabelo T. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qkhxAAAAMAAJ"><i>President Joseph Ejercito Estrada: From Stardom to History</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>: J. Kriz Publishing. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789719307204" title="Special:BookSources/9789719307204"><bdi>9789719307204</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2025</span>. <q>We [Estrada and Guia Gomez] went out a few times and my wife, Loi, heard about it. My wife and I quarreled about this. In her anger, she left for the States with our three children[...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=President+Joseph+Ejercito+Estrada%3A+From+Stardom+to+History&rft.place=Quezon+City&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=J.+Kriz+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9789719307204&rft.aulast=Crisostomo&rft.aufirst=Isabelo+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqkhxAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224214427/http://www.philstar.com/news-feature/798839/love-consultant-erap-offers-services-noy">"Love consultant Erap offers services to Noy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i>. April 21, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/news-feature/798839/love-consultant-erap-offers-services-noy">the original</a> on December 24, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Love+consultant+Erap+offers+services+to+Noy&rft.date=2012-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fnews-feature%2F798839%2Flove-consultant-erap-offers-services-noy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kami.com.ph/81456-6-married-filipino-celebrities-children-wedlock.html">"6 Married Filipino celebrities who have children out of wedlock"</a>. September 27, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=6+Married+Filipino+celebrities+who+have+children+out+of+wedlock&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkami.com.ph%2F81456-6-married-filipino-celebrities-children-wedlock.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2000/05/24/88159/estradas-eldest-son-ambushed-unhurt">"Estrada's eldest son ambushed, unhurt"</a>. May 24, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Estrada%27s+eldest+son+ambushed%2C+unhurt&rft.date=2000-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2000%2F05%2F24%2F88159%2Festradas-eldest-son-ambushed-unhurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/celebritylife/family/21600/celebrities-na-may-lima-o-higit-pang-anak/photo">"Celebrities na may lima o higit pang anak"</a>. September 27, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Celebrities+na+may+lima+o+higit+pang+anak&rft.date=2024-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fentertainment%2Fcelebritylife%2Ffamily%2F21600%2Fcelebrities-na-may-lima-o-higit-pang-anak%2Fphoto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianitytoday.com/2024/02/philippines-jerika-ejercito-president-estrada-christianity/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I Nosedived into Christianity': How a President's Daughter Found Jesus"</a>. Christianity Today. February 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27I+Nosedived+into+Christianity%27%3A+How+a+President%27s+Daughter+Found+Jesus&rft.date=2024-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2F2024%2F02%2Fphilippines-jerika-ejercito-president-estrada-christianity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2001/02/21/102483/estrada146s-rich-mistresses-brave-widow146s-fight-heres-score-teodoro-c-benigno">"Estrada's rich mistresses"</a>. February 21, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Estrada%27s+rich+mistresses&rft.date=2001-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fopinion%2F2001%2F02%2F21%2F102483%2Festrada146s-rich-mistresses-brave-widow146s-fight-heres-score-teodoro-c-benigno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politiko.com.ph/2016/05/24/eraps-brainy-son-graduates-fordham-university/snitch-network/">"Erap's brainy son graduates from Fordham University"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Erap%27s+brainy+son+graduates+from+Fordham+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolitiko.com.ph%2F2016%2F05%2F24%2Feraps-brainy-son-graduates-fordham-university%2Fsnitch-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCinco2013" class="citation news cs1">Cinco, Maricar (May 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130504184220/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/400705/name-calling-gets-nastier-in-laguna">"Name-calling gets nastier in Laguna"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/400705/name-calling-gets-nastier-in-laguna">the original</a> on May 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Name-calling+gets+nastier+in+Laguna&rft.date=2013-05-01&rft.aulast=Cinco&rft.aufirst=Maricar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F400705%2Fname-calling-gets-nastier-in-laguna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020164741im_/https://www.sws.org.ph/visuals/2021/pr20210924/pr20210924_vis02.JPG">"Net Satisfaction Ratings of Presidents: Philippines (Page 1 of 2)"</a>. <i>Social Weather Stations</i>. September 24, 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sws.org.ph/visuals/2021/pr20210924/pr20210924_vis02.JPG">the original</a> on October 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Social+Weather+Stations&rft.atitle=Net+Satisfaction+Ratings+of+Presidents%3A+Philippines+%28Page+1+of+2%29&rft.date=2021-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sws.org.ph%2Fvisuals%2F2021%2Fpr20210924%2Fpr20210924_vis02.JPG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knights-of-rizal.org/our-story/">"Our Story"</a>. <i>Knights of Rizal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Knights+of+Rizal&rft.atitle=Our+Story&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knights-of-rizal.org%2Four-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000431/1975">"Metro Manila Film Festival:1975"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325172311/http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000431/1975">Archived</a> March 25, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>IMDB</i>. Retrieved April 9, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-erap.ph-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-erap.ph_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-erap.ph_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-erap.ph_97-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-erap.ph_97-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://erap.ph/">"Account Suspended"</a>. <i>erap.ph</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=erap.ph&rft.atitle=Account+Suspended&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ferap.ph%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-freewebs.com-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-freewebs.com_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-freewebs.com_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-freewebs.com_98-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120065506/http://www.freewebs.com/famas_awards/winners%20circle%20page.htm">"Winners' Circle Page"</a>. Freewebs.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freewebs.com/famas_awards/winners%20circle%20page.htm">the original</a> on January 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winners%27+Circle+Page&rft.pub=Freewebs.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freewebs.com%2Ffamas_awards%2Fwinners%2520circle%2520page.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130712062646/http://www.freewebs.com/famas_awards/">"The Unofficial Website of the 57th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS) Awards"</a>. Freewebs.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freewebs.com/famas_awards/">the original</a> on July 12, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Unofficial+Website+of+the+57th+Filipino+Academy+of+Movie+Arts+and+Sciences+%28FAMAS%29+Awards&rft.pub=Freewebs.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freewebs.com%2Ffamas_awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Estrada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesummitexpress.com/2014/05/complete-list-of-winners-45th-guillermo-mendoza-box-office-entertainment-awards-2014.html">"Complete List of Winners: 45th Guillermo Mendoza Box-Office Entertainment Awards 2014"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160326025512/http://www.thesummitexpress.com/2014/05/complete-list-of-winners-45th-guillermo-mendoza-box-office-entertainment-awards-2014.html">Archived</a> March 26, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Summit Express</i>. Retrieved May 19, 2014.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Joseph_Estrada" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Joseph_Estrada" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Joseph_Estrada" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Joseph Estrada"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Joseph Estrada</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erap.ph/">Official Website of Joseph "Erap" Estrada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001207033000/http://www.opnet.ops.gov.ph/">Office of the President (Estrada Administration)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived December 7, 2000)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150209120432/http://erap.ph/409/about-erap/">Joseph Estrada Curriculum Vitae</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301184940/http://www.op.gov.ph/museum/pres_estrada.asp">Malacañang Museum Official Biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0261825/">Joseph Estrada</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Braulio Santo Domingo</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Mayor of <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan, Metro Manila</a> </b><br />1969–1986 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Reynaldo San Pascual</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President of the Philippines</a> </b><br />1992–1998 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> </b><br />1998–2001 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Collantes" title="Sonny Collantes">Sonny Collantes</a><br /><small>(OIC)</small></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government" title="Secretary of the Interior and Local Government">Secretary of the Interior and Local Government</a> </b><br />1998–1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ronaldo_Puno" title="Ronaldo Puno">Ronaldo Puno</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Manila" title="Mayor of Manila">Mayor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Manila">City of Manila</a> </b><br />2013–2019 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Isko_Moreno" title="Isko Moreno">Isko Moreno</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>First</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC</a> nominee for Vice President of the Philippines </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1992 Philippine presidential election">1992</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Loren_Legarda" title="Loren Legarda">Loren Legarda</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>First</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a> nominee for President of the Philippines </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1998 Philippine presidential election">1998</a>, <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">2010</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Most recent </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New political party</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairman of <a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Alliance" title="United Nationalist Alliance">UNA</a> </b><br />2012–2015 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a></div><i><b>as Vice President </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_order_of_precedence" title="Philippine order of precedence">Order of Precedence of the Philippines</a> (Ceremonial)<br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">as Former President</span></i> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></div><i><b>as Former President </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Joseph_Estrada1396" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joseph_Estrada" title="Template:Joseph Estrada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joseph_Estrada" title="Template talk:Joseph Estrada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joseph_Estrada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joseph Estrada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joseph_Estrada1396" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">13th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> (1998–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Manila" title="Mayor of Manila">26th Mayor of Manila</a> (2013–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government" title="Secretary of the Interior and Local Government">Secretary of the Interior and Local Government</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of vice presidents of the Philippines">9th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President of the Philippines</a> (1992–1997)</li> <li>Chairman of the Presidential Anti-Crime Commission (1992–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">14th Mayor of San Juan</a> (1969–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Administration and Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Trial of Joseph Estrada">Impeachment Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_EDSA_Revolution" title="Second EDSA Revolution">EDSA II</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Political positions of Benigno Aquino III">Policies</a><br /> and legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada#Death_Penalty" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Death penalty resumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada#Charter_Change" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">Charter Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Philippine_campaign_against_the_Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front">2000 All-Out-War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camp_Abubakar" title="Battle of Camp Abubakar">Fall of Camp Abubakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada#RP-US_Visiting_Forces_Agreement" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">RP-US Visiting Forces Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Joseph Estrada's Inaugural Address">Inaugural address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Nation_Address_(Philippines)" title="State of the Nation Address (Philippines)">State of the Nation Address</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada%27s_First_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Joseph Estrada's First State of the Nation Address">1998</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada%27s_Second_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Joseph Estrada's Second State of the Nation Address">1999</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada%27s_Third_State_of_the_Nation_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Joseph Estrada's Third State of the Nation Address">2000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/203px-Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Joseph_Estrada_Landscape_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="627" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png/100px-Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png/150px-Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png/200px-Presidential_Seal_of_the_Philippines_3.png 2x" data-file-width="5688" data-file-height="5688" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_Philippine_Senate_election" title="1987 Philippine Senate election">1987 Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1992 Philippine presidential election">1992 presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1998 Philippine presidential election">1998 presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">2010 presidential</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada_2010_presidential_campaign" title="Joseph Estrada 2010 presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</li> <li>Manila local elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Manila_local_elections" title="2013 Manila local elections">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Manila_local_elections" title="2016 Manila local elections">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manila_local_elections" title="2019 Manila local elections">2019</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loi_Ejercito" title="Loi Ejercito">Loi Ejercito</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a> (son)</li> <li>Jackie Ejercito-Lopez (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_Estrada" title="Jude Estrada">Jude Estrada</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JV_Ejercito" title="JV Ejercito">JV Ejercito</a> (son)</li> <li>Jerika Ejercito (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ejercito" title="Mary Ejercito">Mary Ejercito</a> (mother)</li> <li>Janella Ejercito Estrada (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Estregan" title="George Estregan">George Estregan</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada_filmography" title="Joseph Estrada filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Post-Presidency">Post-presidency</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Live_for_the_Masses" title="To Live for the Masses">To Live for the Masses</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="11th Congress of the Philippines">11th Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Alliance" title="United Nationalist Alliance">United Nationalist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Makabayang_Masang_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino">Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">Nationalist People's Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista Party</a></li> <li>Domestic incidents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuratong_Baleleng" title="Kuratong Baleleng">Kuratong Baleleng case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Echegaray#Trial_and_execution" title="Leo Echegaray">execution of Leo Echegaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizal_Day_bombings" title="Rizal Day bombings">Rizal Day bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubby_Dacer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bubby Dacer">Dacer–Corbito double murder case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDSA_III" title="EDSA III">EDSA III</a></li></ul></li> <li>Natural disasters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MV_Princess_of_the_Orient" title="MV Princess of the Orient">Sinking of MV <i>Princess of the Orient</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Zeb" title="Typhoon Zeb">Zeb (Iliang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Babs_(1998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoon Babs (1998)">Babs (Loleng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Faith" title="Typhoon Faith">Faith (Norming)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Cherry_Hills_subdivision_landslide" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 Cherry Hills subdivision landslide">1999 Cherry Hills subdivision landslide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Asia_South_Korea" title="MV Asia South Korea">Sinking of MV <i>Asia South Korea</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Luzon_earthquake" title="1999 Luzon earthquake">1999 Luzon earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Spirit_Flight_100" title="Asian Spirit Flight 100">Asian Spirit Flight 100 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayon#2000_eruptions" title="Mayon">2000 Mayon Volcano eruptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Philippines_Flight_541" title="Air Philippines Flight 541">Air Philippines Flight 541 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payatas_landslide" title="Payatas landslide">2000 Payatas landslide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Rumbia_(2000)" title="Tropical Storm Rumbia (2000)">Rumbia (Toyang)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">← Fidel V. Ramos</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">← Joseph Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona Jr. →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Joseph_Estrada" title="Category:Joseph Estrada">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Joseph_Estrada" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Joseph Estrada">Commons</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikidata page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/16px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/24px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212733" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q212733">Wikidata</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Joseph_Estrada" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Joseph Estrada">Wikisource</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Joseph Estrada">Wikiquote</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Joseph_Estrada101" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Joseph_Estrada101" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Joseph Estrada</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Philippines1019" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Philippines1019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Presidents of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Republic</a> (1899–1901)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth</a> (1935–1946)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a> (1935–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a> (1944–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> (1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Second Republic</a> (1943–1945)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel" title="Jose P. Laurel">Jose P. Laurel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Third Republic</a> (1946–1973)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> (1946–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a> (1948–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay" title="Ramon Magsaysay">Ramon Magsaysay</a> (1953–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a> (1957–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a> (1961–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos#First_and_second_terms,_and_antecedent_events_(1965–1972_and_earlier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">1965–1973</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Martial law era</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos#Martial_law_period_(September_1972_–_January_1981)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">1973–1981</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Fourth Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Ferdinand_Marcos#"Fourth_Republic"_period_(January_1981_–_February_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos">1981–1986</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> (1981–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Republic</a> (1986–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Corazon_Aquino" title="Presidency of Corazon Aquino">1986–1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Presidency of Fidel V. Ramos">1992–1998</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Presidency of Joseph Estrada">1998–2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">2001–2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Presidency of Benigno Aquino III">2010–2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte">2016–2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Presidency of Bongbong Marcos">2022–present</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Presidents of the Philippines">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of presidents of the Philippines">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Joseph_Estrada_(1998-2001)1683" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Estrada_cabinet" title="Template:Estrada cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Estrada_cabinet" title="Template talk:Estrada cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Estrada_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Estrada cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Joseph_Estrada_(1998-2001)1683" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (1998-2001)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice-President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> (1998–2001)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="30" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_estrada_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Estrada, thirteenth President of the Philippines"><img alt="Joseph Estrada, thirteenth President of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Joseph_estrada_2000.jpg/100px-Joseph_estrada_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Joseph_estrada_2000.jpg/150px-Joseph_estrada_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Joseph_estrada_2000.jpg/200px-Joseph_estrada_2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="565" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agrarian_Reform_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Agrarian Reform (Philippines)">Secretary of Agrarian Reform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horacio_Morales,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Horacio Morales, Jr.">Horacio Morales, Jr.</a> (1998-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Department of Agriculture (Philippines)">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Dar" title="William Dar">William Dar</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a> (1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_F._Panganiban" title="Domingo F. Panganiban">Domingo F. Panganiban</a> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Budget_and_Management_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Budget and Management (Philippines)">Secretary of Budget and Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Diokno" title="Benjamin Diokno">Benjamin Diokno</a> (1998–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Department of Education (Philippines)">Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gonzalez" title="Andrew Gonzalez">Andrew Gonzalez</a> (1998-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy_(Philippines)" title="Department of Energy (Philippines)">Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mario Tiaoqui (1998–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment_and_Natural_Resources_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Philippines)">Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cerilles" title="Antonio Cerilles">Antonio Cerilles</a> (1998–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Secretary of Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Edgardo Espiritu (1998–1999)</li> <li>Jose Pardo (2000–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Siazon,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Domingo Siazon, Jr.">Domingo Siazon, Jr.</a> (1998–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="Department of Health (Philippines)">Secretary of Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Felipe Estrella Jr. (1998)</li> <li>Alberto Romualdez, Jr. (1998–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government" title="Department of the Interior and Local Government">Secretary of the Interior and Local Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (acting capacity; 1998-1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronaldo_Puno" title="Ronaldo Puno">Ronaldo Puno</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a> (2000–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Secretary of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Serafin Cuevas (1998–2000)</li> <li>Artemio Tuquero (2000–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Labor_and_Employment_(Philippines)" title="Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)">Secretary of Labor and Employment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bienvenido Laguesma (1998–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretary of National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_S._Mercado" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando S. Mercado">Orlando S. Mercado</a> (1998–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Secretary of Public Works and Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gregorio Vigilar (1998–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Philippines)" title="Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)">Secretary of Science and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>William Padolina (1998–1999)</li> <li>Filemino Uriarte (1999–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Social Welfare and Development (Philippines)">Secretary of Social Welfare and Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> (acting capacity; 1998–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulce_Saguisag" title="Dulce Saguisag">Dulce Saguisag</a> (2000–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Tourism_(Philippines)" title="Department of Tourism (Philippines)">Secretary of Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Cruz-Araneta" title="Gemma Cruz-Araneta">Gemma Cruz-Araneta</a> (1998-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Secretary of Trade and Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jose Pardo (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Roxas" title="Mar Roxas">Manuel Roxas II</a> (1999–2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transportation_(Philippines)" title="Department of Transportation (Philippines)">Secretary of Transportation and Communications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Vicente Rivera, Jr. (1998-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_(Philippines)" title="Executive Secretary (Philippines)">Executive Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ronaldo Zamora (1998-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Communications_Group_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Communications Group (Philippines)">Presidential Spokesperson</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fernardo Barican (1998-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Communications_Group_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Communications Group (Philippines)">Press Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Rodolfo Reyes (1998-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Puno" title="Dong Puno">Ricardo Puno</a> (2000-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Higher_Education_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on Higher Education (Philippines)">Chairperson of the Commission on Higher Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angel Alcala (1998-1999)</li> <li>Ester Garcia (1999-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Medalla" title="Felipe Medalla">Felipe Medalla</a> (1998-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Solicitor_General_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Solicitor General of the Philippines">Solicitor General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ricardo Galvez (1998-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Chairman of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a> (1998-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Philippines)" title="National Security Council (Philippines)">National Security Adviser</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Alexander Aguirre (1998-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Manuel Yan (1998-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Anti-Poverty_Commission_(Philippines)" title="National Anti-Poverty Commission (Philippines)">Lead Convenor of the National Anti-Poverty Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horacio_Morales,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Horacio Morales, Jr.">Horacio Morales, Jr.</a> (1998-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulce_Saguisag" title="Dulce Saguisag">Dulce Saguisag</a> (2000-2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Fidel_V._Ramos_(1992-1998)1638" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ramos_cabinet" title="Template:Ramos cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ramos_cabinet" title="Template talk:Ramos cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ramos_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ramos cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Fidel_V._Ramos_(1992-1998)1638" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> (1992-1998)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice-President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (1992–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="28" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramos_Pentagon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fidel V. Ramos, twelfth President of the Philippines"><img alt="Fidel V. Ramos, twelfth President of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ramos_Pentagon.jpg/100px-Ramos_Pentagon.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ramos_Pentagon.jpg/150px-Ramos_Pentagon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ramos_Pentagon.jpg/200px-Ramos_Pentagon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="982" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Agrarian_Reform_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Agrarian Reform (Philippines)">Secretary of Agrarian Reform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Ernesto Garilao (1992–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Agriculture (Philippines)">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Roberto Sebastian (1992–1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Escudero_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador Escudero III">Salvador Escudero III</a> (1996–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Budget_and_Management_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Budget and Management (Philippines)">Secretary of Budget and Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Salvador Enriquez, Jr. (1992–1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emilia_Boncodin" title="Emilia Boncodin">Emilia Boncodin</a> (1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Education (Philippines)">Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armand_Fabella" title="Armand Fabella">Armand Fabella</a> (1992–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ricardo Gloria (1994–1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Erlinda Piafanco (1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Energy_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Energy (Philippines)">Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Rufino Bomasang (1992–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Delfin Lazaro (1993–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Francisco Viray (1994–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Environment_and_Natural_Resources_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources (Philippines)">Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angel_Alcala" title="Angel Alcala">Angel Alcala</a> (1992–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Victor Ramos (1995–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Finance (Philippines)">Secretary of Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Ramon del Rosario, Jr. (1992–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ernest Leung (1993–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_de_Ocampo" title="Roberto de Ocampo">Roberto de Ocampo</a> (1994–1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Salvador Enriquez (1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Roberto Romulo (1992–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Siazon,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Domingo Siazon, Jr.">Domingo Siazon, Jr.</a> (1995–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Health (Philippines)">Secretary of Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Flavier" title="Juan Flavier">Juan Flavier</a> (1992–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jaime Galvez Tan (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Hilarion Ramiro, Jr. (1995–1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Carmencita Reodica (1996–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Interior and Local Government (Philippines)">Secretary of the Interior and Local Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Rafael Alunan III (1992–1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barbers" title="Robert Barbers">Robert Barbers</a> (1996–1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Epimaco_Velasco" title="Epimaco Velasco">Epimaco Velasco</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Nelson Collantes (1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Justice (Philippines)">Secretary of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Drilon" title="Franklin Drilon">Franklin Drilon</a> (1992–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Demetrio Demetria (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Teofisto Guingona, Jr.">Teofisto Guingona, Jr.</a> (1995–1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Bello_III" title="Silvestre Bello III">Silvestre Bello III</a> (1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Labor_and_Employment_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Labor and Employment (Philippines)">Secretary of Labor and Employment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Nieves Confessor (1992–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jose Brillantes (1995–1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Quisumbing" title="Leonardo Quisumbing">Leonardo Quisumbing</a> (1996–1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cresenciano Trajano (1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretary of National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Renato_de_Villa" title="Renato de Villa">Renato de Villa</a> (1992–1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fortunato_Abat" title="Fortunato Abat">Fortunato Abat</a> (1997-1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Secretary of Public Works and Highways">Secretary of Public Works and Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Jesus" title="Jose de Jesus">Jose de Jesus</a> (1992–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Eduardo Mir (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Gregorio Vigilar (1993–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Science_and_Technology_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Science and Technology (Philippines)">Secretary of Science and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Ricardo Gloria (1992–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">William Padolina (1994–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Social Welfare and Development (Philippines)">Secretary of Social Welfare and Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Corazon Alma de Leon (1992–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lilian Laigo (1995–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Tourism_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Tourism (Philippines)">Secretary of Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Narzalina Lim (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vicente Carlos (1992–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Eduardo Pilapil (1995–1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Evelyn Pantig (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guillermina Gabor (1996–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Secretary of Trade and Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rizalino_Navarro" title="Rizalino Navarro">Rizalino Navarro</a> (1992–1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cesar Bautista (1996–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Transportation_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Transportation (Philippines)">Secretary of Transportation and Communications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Jesus Garcia (1992–1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Amado Lagdameo, Jr. (1996–1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Enrile" title="Arturo Enrile">Arturo Enrile</a> (1997–1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Josefina Lichauco (1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_(Philippines)" title="Executive Secretary (Philippines)">Executive Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Peter Garuccho (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edelmiro_Amante" title="Edelmiro Amante">Edelmiro Amante</a> (1992–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Teofisto Guingona, Jr.">Teofisto Guingona, Jr.</a> (1993–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruben_Torres_(Filipino_politician)" title="Ruben Torres (Filipino politician)">Ruben Torres</a> (1995-1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Alexander Aguirre (1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Higher_Education_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on Higher Education (Philippines)">Chairperson of the Commission on Higher Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Ricardo Gloria (1994–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angel_Alcala" title="Angel Alcala">Angel Alcala</a> (1995–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Cielito Habito (1992–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Solicitor_General_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Solicitor General of the Philippines">Solicitor General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Ramon Desuasido (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Eduardo Montenegro (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Raul Goco (1992–1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Bello_III" title="Silvestre Bello III">Silvestre Bello III</a> (1996–1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Romeo dela Cruz (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Bello_III" title="Silvestre Bello III">Silvestre Bello III</a> (1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Chairman of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Prospero Oreta (1995–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Philippines)" title="National Security Council (Philippines)">National Security Adviser</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Jose Almonte (1992–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Haydee_Yorac" title="Haydee Yorac">Haydee Yorac</a> (1992–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Oscar Santos (1993–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Yan" title="Manuel Yan">Manuel Yan</a> (1994–1998)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Management_Staff_(Philippines)" title="Presidential Management Staff (Philippines)">Chief of the Presidential Management Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Ma. Leonora Vasquez-de Jesus, Ph.D. (1992–1996)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines348" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Vice presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Vice presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vice presidents of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines348" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice presidents of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="List of vice presidents of the Philippines">List</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="2437" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%9365)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1946–65)">Third Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Lopez" title="Fernando Lopez">Fernando Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Pelaez" title="Emmanuel Pelaez">Emmanuel Pelaez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Lopez" title="Fernando Lopez">Fernando Lopez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%9386)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1965–86)">Fourth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noli_de_Castro" title="Noli de Castro">Noli de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo" title="Leni Robredo">Leni Robredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vice_presidents_succeeding_presidents_of_the_Philippines56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippine_vice_presidents_succeeding_presidents" title="Template:Philippine vice presidents succeeding presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippine_vice_presidents_succeeding_presidents" title="Template talk:Philippine vice presidents succeeding presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine_vice_presidents_succeeding_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine vice presidents succeeding presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vice_presidents_succeeding_presidents_of_the_Philippines56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Vice presidents succeeding presidents of the Philippines</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Ejercito Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2010_Philippine_presidential_election142" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 2010 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 2010 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 2010 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2010_Philippine_presidential_election142" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">2010 Philippine presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Benigno_Aquino_III_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Benigno Aquino III presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada_2010_presidential_campaign" title="Joseph Estrada 2010 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar" title="Manny Villar">Manny Villar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Villar_2010_presidential_campaign" title="Manny Villar 2010 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Teodoro" title="Gilbert Teodoro">Gilbert Teodoro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas-Kampi-CMD</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Teodoro_2010_presidential_campaign" title="Gilbert Teodoro 2010 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Villanueva" title="Eddie Villanueva">Eddie Villanueva</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bangon_Pilipinas" title="Bangon Pilipinas">BPP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Gordon" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard J. Gordon">Richard J. Gordon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagumbayan%E2%80%93VNP" title="Bagumbayan–VNP">Bagumbayan–VNP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicanor_Perlas" title="Nicanor Perlas">Nicanor Perlas</a> (independent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamby_Madrigal" title="Jamby Madrigal">Jamby Madrigal</a> (independent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carlos_de_los_Reyes" title="John Carlos de los Reyes">John Carlos de los Reyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Kapatiran" title="Ang Kapatiran">AKP</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Vice presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jejomar_Binay" title="Jejomar Binay">Jejomar Binay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PDP-Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP-Laban">PDP-Laban</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Roxas" title="Mar Roxas">Mar Roxas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Legarda" title="Loren Legarda">Loren Legarda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayani_Fernando" title="Bayani Fernando">Bayani Fernando</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bagumbayan%E2%80%93VNP" title="Bagumbayan–VNP">Bagumbayan–VNP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edu_Manzano" title="Edu Manzano">Edu Manzano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD" title="Lakas–CMD">Lakas-Kampi-CMD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfecto_Yasay_Jr." title="Perfecto Yasay Jr.">Perfecto Yasay Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bangon_Pilipinas" title="Bangon Pilipinas">BPP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Sonza" title="Jay Sonza">Jay Sonza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">KBL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominador_Chipeco,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominador Chipeco, Jr. (page does not exist)">Dominador Chipeco, Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ang_Kapatiran" title="Ang Kapatiran">AKP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Withdrawn<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Roxas" title="Mar Roxas">Mar Roxas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Roxas_2010_presidential_campaign" title="Mar Roxas 2010 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson" title="Panfilo Lacson">Panfilo Lacson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panfilo_Lacson_2010_presidential_campaign" title="Panfilo Lacson 2010 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 1998 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 1998 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 1998 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1998 Philippine presidential election">1998 Philippine presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Makabayang_Masang_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino">LAMMP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino" title="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino">PMP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Venecia_Jr." title="Jose de Venecia Jr.">Jose de Venecia Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Roco" title="Raul Roco">Raul Roco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksyon_Demokratiko" title="Aksyon Demokratiko">Aksyon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Mario_Osme%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio Mario Osmeña">Emilio Mario Osmeña</a> (<a href="/wiki/Probinsya_Muna_Development_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Probinsya Muna Development Initiative">PROMDI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_de_Villa" title="Renato de Villa">Renato de Villa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partido_para_sa_Demokratikong_Reporma" title="Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma">Reporma-LM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a> (Independent)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santiago_Dumlao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santiago Dumlao (page does not exist)">Santiago Dumlao</a> (Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Morato" title="Manuel Morato">Manuel Morato</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Bansang_Marangal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Bansang Marangal (page does not exist)">Partido Bansang Marangal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Vice presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Makabayang_Masang_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino">LAMMP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Orbos" title="Oscar Orbos">Oscar Orbos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partido_para_sa_Demokratikong_Reporma" title="Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma">Reporma-LM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio Osmeña III">Sergio Osmeña III</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tatad" title="Francisco Tatad">Francisco Tatad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael_Sueno" title="Ismael Sueno">Ismael Sueno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Probinsya_Muna_Development_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Probinsya Muna Development Initiative">PROMDI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Santiago" title="Irene Santiago">Irene Santiago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksyon_Demokratiko" title="Aksyon Demokratiko">Aksyon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Sabio" title="Camilo Sabio">Camilo Sabio</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Bansang_Marangal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Bansang Marangal (page does not exist)">Partido Bansang Marangal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reynaldo_Pacheco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reynaldo Pacheco (page does not exist)">Reynaldo Pacheco</a> (Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_1992_Philippine_presidential_election118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 1992 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 1992 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 1992 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_1992_Philippine_presidential_election118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1992 Philippine presidential election">1992 Philippine presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Cojuangco_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.">Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Mitra_Jr." title="Ramon Mitra Jr.">Ramon Mitra Jr.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">KBL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga">Jovito Salonga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Vice presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Fernan" title="Marcelo Fernan">Marcelo Fernan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Mario_Osme%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio Mario Osmeña">Emilio Mario Osmeña</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Jr." title="Ramon Magsaysay Jr.">Ramon Magsaysay Jr.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">PDP–Laban</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Magsaysay" title="Vicente Magsaysay">Vicente Magsaysay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">KBL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Estrada-Kalaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva Estrada-Kalaw">Eva Estrada-Kalaw</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="RBP_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(1987–92)_→_9th853" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template:8th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Template talk:8th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:8th Congress of the Philippines senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="RBP_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(1987–92)_→_9th853" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-right:.375rem;"><a href="/wiki/Regular_Batasang_Pambansa" title="Regular Batasang Pambansa">RBP</a> ←</span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="8th Congress of the Philippines">8th Congress of the Philippines (1987–92)</a> <span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-left:.375rem;">→ <a href="/wiki/9th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="9th Congress of the Philippines">9th</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a></b><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga">Jovito Salonga</a> (1987–92)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a> (1992–93)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4" style="font-weight:bold;">Senators (1987–92)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heherson_Alvarez" title="Heherson Alvarez">Heherson Alvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agapito_Aquino" class="mw-redirect" title="Agapito Aquino">Agapito Aquino</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Boy_Herrera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernesto Boy Herrera">Ernesto F. Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotero_Laurel" title="Sotero Laurel">Sotero Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Lina" title="Joey Lina">Jose Lina Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Ernesto Maceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Manglapus" title="Raul Manglapus">Raul Manglapus</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_S._Mercado" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando S. Mercado">Orlando S. Mercado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Paterno" title="Vicente Paterno">Vicente Paterno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Osme%C3%B1a" title="John Henry Osmeña">John Henry Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Rasul" class="mw-redirect" title="Nina Rasul">Santanina Rasul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Romulo" title="Alberto Romulo">Alberto Romulo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rene_Saguisag" title="Rene Saguisag">Rene A.V. Saguisag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga">Jovito Salonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leticia_Ramos-Shahani" title="Leticia Ramos-Shahani">Leticia Ramos-Shahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamintal_A.J._Tamano" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamintal A.J. Tamano">Mamintal A.J. Tamano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigberto_Ta%C3%B1ada" title="Wigberto Tañada">Wigberto Tañada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ziga" title="Victor Ziga">Victor Ziga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4" style="font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 1992</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>‡</sup> — Appointed <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a> on October 15, 1987.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="FAMAS_Hall_of_Fame_Award210" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FAMAS_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Template:FAMAS Hall of Fame Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FAMAS_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Template talk:FAMAS Hall of Fame Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FAMAS_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FAMAS Hall of Fame Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="FAMAS_Hall_of_Fame_Award210" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/FAMAS_Award#FAMAS_Hall_of_Famers" title="FAMAS Award">FAMAS Hall of Fame Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Best Director</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Brocka" title="Lino Brocka">Lino Brocka</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Best Actor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Dizon" title="Allen Dizon">Allen Dizon</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Best Actress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charito_Solis" title="Charito Solis">Charito Solis</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilma_Santos" title="Vilma Santos">Vilma Santos</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Aunor" title="Nora Aunor">Nora Aunor</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Best Supporting Actor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Best Story</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_J._Caparas" title="Carlo J. Caparas">Carlo J. Caparas</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Best Editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Edgardo Vinarao (1994)</li> <li>Jess Navarro (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Best Musical Score</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Canseco" title="George Canseco">George Canseco</a> (1989)</li> <li>Jesse Lucas (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Best Producer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Best Sound Recording</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angel Avellana (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Best Cinematographer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Carlo Mendoza (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="FAMAS_Award_for_Best_Actor66" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FAMAS_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template:FAMAS Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FAMAS_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template talk:FAMAS Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FAMAS_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FAMAS Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="FAMAS_Award_for_Best_Actor66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/FAMAS_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="FAMAS Award for Best Actor">FAMAS Award for Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1952–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ben Perez (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Padilla_Jr." title="José Padilla Jr.">José Padilla Jr.</a> (1953)</li> <li>Fred Montilla (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogelio_de_la_Rosa" title="Rogelio de la Rosa">Rogelio de la Rosa</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_del_Mar" title="Eddie del Mar">Eddie del Mar</a> (1956)</li> <li>Van de León (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Magalona" title="Pancho Magalona">Pancho Magalona</a> (1958)</li> <li>Van de León (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efren_Reyes_Sr." title="Efren Reyes Sr.">Efren Reyes Sr.</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Salcedo" title="Leopoldo Salcedo">Leopoldo Salcedo</a> (1961)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Rodriguez" title="Eddie Rodriguez">Eddie Rodriguez</a> (1963)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Arevalo" title="Robert Arevalo">Robert Arevalo</a> (1965)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a> (1968)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Estregan" title="George Estregan">George Estregan</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Revilla_Sr." title="Ramon Revilla Sr.">Ramon Revilla Sr.</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bembol_Roco" title="Bembol Roco">Bembol Roco</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphy" title="Dolphy">Dolphy</a> (1977)</li> <li>Matt Ranillo III (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (1979)</li> <li>Dindo Fernando (1980)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Alonzo" title="Anthony Alonzo">Anthony Alonzo</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (1983) <i>(tied)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a> (1983) <i>(tied)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Fernandez_(actor)" title="Rudy Fernandez (actor)">Rudy Fernandez</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Salvador" title="Phillip Salvador">Phillip Salvador</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Fernandez_(actor)" title="Rudy Fernandez (actor)">Rudy Fernandez</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirso_Cruz_III" title="Tirso Cruz III">Tirso Cruz III</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Muhlach" title="Aga Muhlach">Aga Muhlach</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Salvador" title="Phillip Salvador">Phillip Salvador</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gomez" title="Richard Gomez">Richard Gomez</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Salvador" title="Phillip Salvador">Phillip Salvador</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Montano" title="Cesar Montano">Cesar Montano</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Martinez" title="Albert Martinez">Albert Martinez</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Delgado" title="Johnny Delgado">Johnny Delgado</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Goyena" title="Armando Goyena">Armando Goyena</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Manalo" title="Jay Manalo">Jay Manalo</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piolo_Pascual" title="Piolo Pascual">Piolo Pascual</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Padilla" title="Robin Padilla">Robin Padilla</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Montano" title="Cesar Montano">Cesar Montano</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Dizon" title="Allen Dizon">Allen Dizon</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Dizon" title="Allen Dizon">Allen Dizon</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Cruz" title="John Lloyd Cruz">John Lloyd Cruz</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._R._Ejercito" title="E. R. Ejercito">E. R. Ejercito</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._R._Ejercito" title="E. R. Ejercito">E. R. Ejercito</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._R._Ejercito" title="E. R. Ejercito">E. R. Ejercito</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Dizon" title="Allen Dizon">Allen Dizon</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Trillo" title="Dennis Trillo">Dennis Trillo</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Padilla" title="Daniel Padilla">Daniel Padilla</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Dizon" title="Allen Dizon">Allen Dizon</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a> (2018) <i>(tied)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Neri" title="Victor Neri">Victor Neri</a> (2018) <i>(tied)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Canlas" title="Elijah Canlas">Elijah Canlas</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Dizon" title="Allen Dizon">Allen Dizon</a> (2020)</li> <li>Vince Tanada (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Trinidad" title="Noel Trinidad">Noel Trinidad</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metro_Manila_Film_Festival364" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Template:Metro Manila Film Festival"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Template talk:Metro Manila Film Festival"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metro Manila Film Festival"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metro_Manila_Film_Festival364" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Metro Manila Film Festival">Metro Manila Film Festival</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1975 Metro Manila Film Festival">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1976 Metro Manila Film Festival">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1977 Metro Manila Film Festival">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1978 Metro Manila Film Festival">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1979 Metro Manila Film Festival">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1980 Metro Manila Film Festival">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1981 Metro Manila Film Festival">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1982 Metro Manila Film Festival">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1983 Metro Manila Film Festival">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1984 Metro Manila Film Festival">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1985 Metro Manila Film Festival">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1986 Metro Manila Film Festival">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1987 Metro Manila Film Festival">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1988 Metro Manila Film Festival">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1989 Metro Manila Film Festival">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1990 Metro Manila Film Festival">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1991 Metro Manila Film Festival">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1992 Metro Manila Film Festival">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1993 Metro Manila Film Festival">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1994 Metro Manila Film Festival">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1995 Metro Manila Film Festival">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1996 Metro Manila Film Festival">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1997 Metro Manila Film Festival">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1998 Metro Manila Film Festival">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="1999 Metro Manila Film Festival">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2000 Metro Manila Film Festival">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2001 Metro Manila Film Festival">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2002 Metro Manila Film Festival">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2003 Metro Manila Film Festival">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2004 Metro Manila Film Festival">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2005 Metro Manila Film Festival">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2006 Metro Manila Film Festival">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2007 Metro Manila Film Festival">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2008 Metro Manila Film Festival">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2009 Metro Manila Film Festival">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2010 Metro Manila Film Festival">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2011 Metro Manila Film Festival">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2012 Metro Manila Film Festival">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2013 Metro Manila Film Festival">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2014 Metro Manila Film Festival">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2015 Metro Manila Film Festival">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2016 Metro Manila Film Festival">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2017 Metro Manila Film Festival">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2018 Metro Manila Film Festival">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2019 Metro Manila Film Festival">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2020 Metro Manila Film Festival">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2021 Metro Manila Film Festival">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2022 Metro Manila Film Festival">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2023 Metro Manila Film Festival">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2024 Metro Manila Film Festival">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Merit awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Director">Best Director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Actress">Best Actress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Supporting Actor">Best Supporting Actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Supporting Actress">Best Supporting Actress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Child_Performer" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Child Performer">Best Child Performer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Screenplay">Best Screenplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Original_Story" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Original Story">Best Original Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Cinematography">Best Cinematography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Editing" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Editing">Best Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Musical_Score" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Musical Score">Best Musical Score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Original_Theme_Song" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Original Theme Song">Best Original Theme Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Production Design">Best Production Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Sound_Engineering" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Sound Engineering">Best Sound Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Visual Effects">Best Visual Effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Make-up_Artist" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Make-up Artist">Best Make-up Artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Most_Gender-Sensitive_Film" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Most Gender-Sensitive Film">Most Gender-Sensitive Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Float" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Float">Best Float</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Special_Awards" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Special Awards">Special awards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gatpuno_Antonio_J._Villegas_Cultural_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Awards">Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr._Memorial_Award_for_Excellence" title="Fernando Poe Jr. Memorial Award for Excellence">Fernando Poe Jr. Memorial Award for Excellence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short film awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_for_Best_Short_Film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metro Manila Film Festival for Best Short Film (page does not exist)">Best Short Film</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Short_Film_Special_Jury_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Short Film Special Jury Prize (page does not exist)">Special Jury Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Short_Film_Award_for_Best_Director&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Short Film Award for Best Director (page does not exist)">Best Director</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Short_Film_Award_for_Best_Screenplay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Short Film Award for Best Screenplay (page does not exist)">Best Screenplay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spin-offs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Summer Metro Manila Film Festival">Summer Film Festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Metro_Manila_Summer_Film_Festival" title="2020 Metro Manila Summer Film Festival"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">2020</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Summer_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="2023 Summer Metro Manila Film Festival">2023</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Best_Picture91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Diligin Mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw Na Lupa</i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganito_Kami_Noon,_Paano_Kayo_Ngayon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon">Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i>Burlesk Queen</i> (1977)</li> <li><i>Atsay</i> (1978)</li> <li><i>Kasal-kasalan, Bahay-bahayan</i> tied with <i><a href="/wiki/Ina_Ka_ng_Anak_Mo" title="Ina Ka ng Anak Mo">Ina Ka ng Anak Mo</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i>Taga sa Panahon</i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kisapmata" class="mw-redirect" title="Kisapmata">Kisapmata</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himala" title="Himala">Himala</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Of_the_Flesh" title="Of the Flesh">Karnal</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bulaklak_sa_City_Jail" title="Bulaklak sa City Jail">Bulaklak sa City Jail</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i>Paradise Inn</i> (1985)</li> <li><i>Halimaw sa Banga</i> (only the 3rd Best Picture was announced) (1986)</li> <li><i>Olongapo, The Great American Dream</i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patrolman_(film)" title="Patrolman (film)">Patrolman</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i>Imortal</i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andrea,_Paano_Ba_ang_Maging_Isang_Ina%3F" title="Andrea, Paano Ba ang Maging Isang Ina?">Andrea, Paano Ba ang Maging Isang Ina?</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ang_Totoong_Buhay_ni_Pacita_M." title="Ang Totoong Buhay ni Pacita M.">Ang Totoong Buhay ni Pacita M.</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i>Andres Manambit: Angkan ng Matatapang</i> (1992)</li> <li><i>Kung Mawawala Ka Pa</i> (1993)</li> <li>no winner (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muling_Umawit_ang_Puso" title="Muling Umawit ang Puso">Muling Umawit ang Puso</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magic_Temple" title="Magic Temple">Magic Temple</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i>Nasaan ang Puso</i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal_(film)" title="José Rizal (film)">José Rizal</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muro-Ami_(film)" title="Muro-Ami (film)">Muro-Ami</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tanging_Yaman" title="Tanging Yaman">Tanging Yaman</a></i> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yamashita:_The_Tiger%27s_Treasure" title="Yamashita: The Tiger's Treasure">Yamashita: The Tiger's Treasure</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mano_Po" title="Mano Po">Mano Po</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crying_Ladies" title="Crying Ladies">Crying Ladies</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mano_Po_III:_My_Love" title="Mano Po III: My Love">Mano Po III: My Love</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(2006_film)" title="Blue Moon (2006 film)">Blue Moon</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enteng_Kabisote_3:_Okay_Ka,_Fairy_Ko:_The_Legend_Goes_On_and_On_and_On" title="Enteng Kabisote 3: Okay Ka, Fairy Ko: The Legend Goes On and On and On">Enteng Kabisote 3: Okay Ka, Fairy Ko: The Legend Goes On and On and On</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Resiklo" title="Resiklo">Resiklo</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baler_(film)" title="Baler (film)">Baler</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ang_Panday_(2009_film)" title="Ang Panday (2009 film)">Ang Panday</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ang_Tanging_Ina_Mo_(Last_na_%27To!)" title="Ang Tanging Ina Mo (Last na 'To!)">Ang Tanging Ina Mo (Last na 'To!)</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Kingpin:_The_Asiong_Salonga_Story" title="Manila Kingpin: The Asiong Salonga Story">Manila Kingpin: The Asiong Salonga Story</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_More_Try_(film)" title="One More Try (film)">One More Try</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/10,000_Hours_(film)" title="10,000 Hours (film)">10,000 Hours</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bonifacio:_Ang_Unang_Pangulo" title="Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo">Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walang_Forever" class="mw-redirect" title="Walang Forever">Walang Forever</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Beauty_Queen" title="Sunday Beauty Queen">Sunday Beauty Queen</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ang_Larawan" title="Ang Larawan">Ang Larawan</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rainbow%27s_Sunset" title="Rainbow's Sunset">Rainbow's Sunset</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mindanao_(film)" title="Mindanao (film)">Mindanao</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fan_Girl_(2020_film)" title="Fan Girl (2020 film)">Fan Girl</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Night!" title="Big Night!">Big Night!</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deleter" title="Deleter">Deleter</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(2023_film)" title="Firefly (2023 film)">Firefly</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Bones" title="Green Bones">Green Bones</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Best_Director93" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Director">Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Augusto Buenaventura (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Romero" title="Eddie Romero">Eddie Romero</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celso_Ad._Castillo" title="Celso Ad. Castillo">Celso Ad. Castillo</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Brocka" title="Lino Brocka">Lino Brocka</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilou_Diaz-Abaya" title="Marilou Diaz-Abaya">Marilou Diaz-Abaya</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_De_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike De Leon">Mike De Leon</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_Bernal" title="Ishmael Bernal">Ishmael Bernal</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Milan" title="Willie Milan">Willie Milan</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_O%27Hara" title="Mario O'Hara">Mario O'Hara</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Brocka" title="Lino Brocka">Lino Brocka</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_O%27Hara" title="Mario O'Hara">Mario O'Hara</a> (1986)</li> <li>Artemio Marquez (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurice_Guillen" title="Laurice Guillen">Laurice Guillen</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Portes" title="Gil Portes">Gil Portes</a> (1990)</li> <li>Elwood Perez (1991)</li> <li>Ike Jarlego, Jr. (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Javier_Reyes" title="Jose Javier Reyes">Jose Javier Reyes</a> (1993)</li> <li>No winner (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Lamangan" title="Joel Lamangan">Joel Lamangan</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peque_Gallaga" title="Peque Gallaga">Peque Gallaga</a> & Lore Reyes (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chito_S._Ro%C3%B1o" title="Chito S. Roño">Chito S. Roño</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilou_Diaz-Abaya" title="Marilou Diaz-Abaya">Marilou Diaz-Abaya</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilou_Diaz-Abaya" title="Marilou Diaz-Abaya">Marilou Diaz-Abaya</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurice_Guillen" title="Laurice Guillen">Laurice Guillen</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chito_S._Ro%C3%B1o" title="Chito S. Roño">Chito S. Roño</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Lamangan" title="Joel Lamangan">Joel Lamangan</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Meily" title="Mark Meily">Mark Meily</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Montano" title="Cesar Montano">Cesar Montano</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Javier_Reyes" title="Jose Javier Reyes">Jose Javier Reyes</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Javier_Reyes" title="Jose Javier Reyes">Jose Javier Reyes</a> (2006)</li> <li>Cesar Apolinario (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Meily" title="Mark Meily">Mark Meily</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Lamangan" title="Joel Lamangan">Joel Lamangan</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenn_V._Deramas" title="Wenn V. Deramas">Wenn V. Deramas</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikoy_Aguiluz" title="Tikoy Aguiluz">Tikoy Aguiluz</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brillante_Mendoza" title="Brillante Mendoza">Brillante Mendoza</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Bernal" title="Joyce Bernal">Joyce Bernal</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Villegas" title="Dan Villegas">Dan Villegas</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Matti" title="Erik Matti">Erik Matti</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Matti" title="Erik Matti">Erik Matti</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Soriano" title="Paul Soriano">Paul Soriano</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Lamangan" title="Joel Lamangan">Joel Lamangan</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brillante_Mendoza" title="Brillante Mendoza">Brillante Mendoza</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Jadaone" title="Antoinette Jadaone">Antoinette Jadaone</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun_Lana" title="Jun Lana">Jun Lana</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Red" title="Mikhail Red">Mikhail Red</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepe_Diokno_(director)" title="Pepe Diokno (director)">Pepe Diokno</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Best_Actor87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolly_Quizon" title="Rolly Quizon">Rolly Quizon</a> (1977)</li> <li>No winner (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Aragon" title="Raoul Aragon">Raul Aragon</a> (1979)</li> <li>Dindo Fernando (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Silayan" title="Vic Silayan">Vic Silayan</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Alonzo" title="Anthony Alonzo">Anthony Alonzo</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Bautista" title="Herbert Bautista">Herbert Bautista</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Alonzo" title="Anthony Alonzo">Anthony Alonzo</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_O%27Hara" title="Mario O'Hara">Mario O'Hara</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Alonzo" title="Anthony Alonzo">Anthony Alonzo</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldo_Marro" title="Baldo Marro">Baldo Marro</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphy" title="Dolphy">Dolphy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Quizon" title="Eric Quizon">Eric Quizon</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Muhlach" title="Aga Muhlach">Aga Muhlach</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Muhlach" title="Aga Muhlach">Aga Muhlach</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roi_Vinzon" title="Roi Vinzon">Roi Vinzon</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gomez" title="Richard Gomez">Richard Gomez</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomari_Yllana" title="Jomari Yllana">Jomari Yllana</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Montano" title="Cesar Montano">Cesar Montano</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Delgado" title="Johnny Delgado">Johnny Delgado</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Montano" title="Cesar Montano">Cesar Montano</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garcia" title="Eddie Garcia">Eddie Garcia</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Quizon" title="Eric Quizon">Eric Quizon</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Agustin" title="Marvin Agustin">Marvin Agustin</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Montano" title="Cesar Montano">Cesar Montano</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggoy_Estrada" title="Jinggoy Estrada">Jinggoy Estrada</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphy" title="Dolphy">Dolphy</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingdong_Dantes" title="Dingdong Dantes">Dingdong Dantes</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingdong_Dantes" title="Dingdong Dantes">Dingdong Dantes</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Padilla" title="Robin Padilla">Robin Padilla</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Ramsay" title="Derek Ramsay">Derek Ramsay</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho_Rosales" title="Jericho Rosales">Jericho Rosales</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Ballesteros" title="Paolo Ballesteros">Paolo Ballesteros</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Ramsay" title="Derek Ramsay">Derek Ramsay</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Trillo" title="Dennis Trillo">Dennis Trillo</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Dizon" title="Allen Dizon">Allen Dizon</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Avelino" title="Paulo Avelino">Paulo Avelino</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Bables" title="Christian Bables">Christian Bables</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Veneracion" title="Ian Veneracion">Ian Veneracion</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedrick_Juan" title="Cedrick Juan">Cedrick Juan</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Best_Actress91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Actress">Best Actress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charito_Solis" title="Charito Solis">Charito Solis</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Koronel" title="Hilda Koronel">Hilda Koronel</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilma_Santos" title="Vilma Santos">Vilma Santos</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Aunor" title="Nora Aunor">Nora Aunor</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_Rodriguez" title="Lolita Rodriguez">Lolita Rodriguez</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Aunor" title="Nora Aunor">Nora Aunor</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Austria" title="Amy Austria">Amy Austria</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilma_Santos" title="Vilma Santos">Vilma Santos</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Aunor" title="Nora Aunor">Nora Aunor</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Reyes" title="Coney Reyes">Coney Reyes</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Aunor" title="Nora Aunor">Nora Aunor</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Velez" title="Vivian Velez">Vivian Velez</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liza_Lorena" title="Liza Lorena">Liza Lorena</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Marquez" title="Melanie Marquez">Melanie Marquez</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Austria" title="Amy Austria">Amy Austria</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilma_Santos" title="Vilma Santos">Vilma Santos</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Aunor" title="Nora Aunor">Nora Aunor</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Aunor" title="Nora Aunor">Nora Aunor</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gina_Alajar" title="Gina Alajar">Gina Alajar</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Zulueta" title="Dawn Zulueta">Dawn Zulueta</a> (1993)</li> <li>Kimberly Diaz (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Aunor" title="Nora Aunor">Nora Aunor</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Austria" title="Amy Austria">Amy Austria</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maricel_Soriano" title="Maricel Soriano">Maricel Soriano</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Dixson" title="Alice Dixson">Alice Dixson</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Oropesa" title="Elizabeth Oropesa">Elizabeth Oropesa</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Romero_(actress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Romero (actress)">Gloria Romero</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assunta_De_Rossi" title="Assunta De Rossi">Assunta De Rossi</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_Mina" title="Ara Mina">Ara Mina</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maricel_Soriano" title="Maricel Soriano">Maricel Soriano</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilma_Santos" title="Vilma Santos">Vilma Santos</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zsa_Zsa_Padilla" title="Zsa Zsa Padilla">Zsa Zsa Padilla</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Ann_Santos" title="Judy Ann Santos">Judy Ann Santos</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maricel_Soriano" title="Maricel Soriano">Maricel Soriano</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Curtis" title="Anne Curtis">Anne Curtis</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Cuneta" title="Sharon Cuneta">Sharon Cuneta</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ai-Ai_delas_Alas" title="Ai-Ai delas Alas">Ai-Ai delas Alas</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maricel_Soriano" title="Maricel Soriano">Maricel Soriano</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Aunor" title="Nora Aunor">Nora Aunor</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maricel_Soriano" title="Maricel Soriano">Maricel Soriano</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennylyn_Mercado" title="Jennylyn Mercado">Jennylyn Mercado</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennylyn_Mercado" title="Jennylyn Mercado">Jennylyn Mercado</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irma_Adlawan" title="Irma Adlawan">Irma Adlawan</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Ampil" title="Joanna Ampil">Joanna Ampil</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Romero_(actress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria Romero (actress)">Gloria Romero</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Ann_Santos" title="Judy Ann Santos">Judy Ann Santos</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Dizon" title="Charlie Dizon">Charlie Dizon</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charo_Santos-Concio" title="Charo Santos-Concio">Charo Santos-Concio</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadine_Lustre" title="Nadine Lustre">Nadine Lustre</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilma_Santos" title="Vilma Santos">Vilma Santos</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Category:Metro Manila Film Festival">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Box_Office_Entertainment_Award_for_Box_Office_King79" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GMMSF_Box-Office_Entertainment_Award_for_Box_Office_King" title="Template:GMMSF Box-Office Entertainment Award for Box Office King"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GMMSF_Box-Office_Entertainment_Award_for_Box_Office_King" title="Template talk:GMMSF Box-Office Entertainment Award for Box Office King"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GMMSF_Box-Office_Entertainment_Award_for_Box_Office_King" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GMMSF Box-Office Entertainment Award for Box Office King"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Box_Office_Entertainment_Award_for_Box_Office_King79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Entertainment_Award_for_Box_Office_King" title="Box Office Entertainment Award for Box Office King">Box Office Entertainment Award for Box Office King</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphy" title="Dolphy">Dolphy Quizon</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirso_Cruz_III" title="Tirso Cruz III">Tirso Cruz III</a> (1973)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Estrada</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphy" title="Dolphy">Dolphy Quizon</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Fernandez_(actor)" title="Rudy Fernandez (actor)">Rudy Fernandez</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Revilla_Sr." title="Ramon Revilla Sr.">Ramon Revilla Sr.</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphy" title="Dolphy">Dolphy Quizon</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphy" title="Dolphy">Dolphy Quizon</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphy" title="Dolphy">Dolphy Quizon</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphy" title="Dolphy">Dolphy Quizon</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (1986</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Fernandez_(actor)" title="Rudy Fernandez (actor)">Rudy Fernandez</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Salvador" title="Phillip Salvador">Phillip Salvador</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_de_Leon" title="Joey de Leon">Joey de Leon</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rene_Requiestas" title="Rene Requiestas">Rene Requiestas</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Padilla" title="Robin Padilla">Robin Padilla</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Padilla" title="Robin Padilla">Robin Padilla</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Leon" title="Christopher de Leon">Christopher de Leon</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Montano" title="Cesar Montano">Cesar Montano</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Padilla" title="Robin Padilla">Robin Padilla</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Muhlach" title="Aga Muhlach">Aga Muhlach</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Muhlach" title="Aga Muhlach">Aga Muhlach</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Sotto" title="Vic Sotto">Vic Sotto</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Sotto" title="Vic Sotto">Vic Sotto</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Sotto" title="Vic Sotto">Vic Sotto</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Sotto" title="Vic Sotto">Vic Sotto</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Cruz" title="John Lloyd Cruz">John Lloyd Cruz</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Cruz" title="John Lloyd Cruz">John Lloyd Cruz</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Cruz" title="John Lloyd Cruz">John Lloyd Cruz</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Revilla" title="Bong Revilla">Bong Revilla</a> (2011) (tied)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Sotto" title="Vic Sotto">Vic Sotto</a> (2011) (tied)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Ramsay" title="Derek Ramsay">Derek Ramsay</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Cruz" title="John Lloyd Cruz">John Lloyd Cruz</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Cruz" title="John Lloyd Cruz">John Lloyd Cruz</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piolo_Pascual" title="Piolo Pascual">Piolo Pascual</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Sotto" title="Vic Sotto">Vic Sotto</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Padilla" title="Daniel Padilla">Daniel Padilla</a> (<a href="/wiki/2017_Box_Office_Entertainment_Awards" title="2017 Box Office Entertainment Awards">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Gil" title="Enrique Gil">Enrique Gil</a> (<a href="/wiki/2018_Box_Office_Entertainment_Awards" title="2018 Box Office Entertainment Awards">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Sotto" title="Vic Sotto">Vic Sotto</a> (<a href="/wiki/2019_Box_Office_Entertainment_Awards" title="2019 Box Office Entertainment Awards">2019</a>) (tied)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coco_Martin" title="Coco Martin">Coco Martin</a> (<a href="/wiki/2019_Box_Office_Entertainment_Awards" title="2019 Box Office Entertainment Awards">2019</a>) (tied)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Muhlach" title="Aga Muhlach">Aga Muhlach</a> (<a href="/wiki/2020_Box_Office_Entertainment_Awards" title="2020 Box Office Entertainment Awards">2020</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212733#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata919" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212733#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata919" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212733#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000038900013">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/57492670">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/415681/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp63ykRrTfm9VrQh3V6Kd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122340140">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n97903941">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/113819870">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&oldid=1274063287">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&oldid=1274063287</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Joseph_Estrada" title="Category:Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1937_births" title="Category:1937 births">1937 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ateneo_de_Manila_University_alumni" title="Category:Ateneo de Manila University alumni">Ateneo de Manila University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_in_the_1998_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Category:Candidates in the 1998 Philippine presidential election">Candidates in the 1998 Philippine presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_in_the_2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Category:Candidates in the 2010 Philippine presidential election">Candidates in the 2010 Philippine presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ejercito_family" title="Category:Ejercito family">Ejercito family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Estrada_family" title="Category:Estrada family">Estrada family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_actor-politicians" title="Category:Filipino actor-politicians">Filipino actor-politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" title="Category:Filipino politicians convicted of crimes">Filipino politicians convicted of crimes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:20th-century Roman Catholics">20th-century Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:21st-century Roman Catholics">21st-century Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Filipino_politicians" title="Category:20th-century Filipino politicians">20th-century Filipino politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Filipino_male_actors" title="Category:20th-century Filipino male actors">20th-century Filipino male actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:Filipino Roman Catholics">Filipino Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_government_who_were_later_imprisoned" title="Category:Heads of government who were later imprisoned">Heads of government who were later imprisoned</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Impeached_Filipino_officials" title="Category:Impeached Filipino officials">Impeached Filipino officials</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Impeached_presidents" title="Category:Impeached presidents">Impeached presidents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_ousted_by_a_coup" title="Category:Leaders ousted by a coup">Leaders ousted by a coup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Male_actors_from_Manila" title="Category:Male actors from Manila">Male actors from Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Map%C3%BAa_University_alumni" title="Category:Mapúa University alumni">Mapúa University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mayors_of_Manila" title="Category:Mayors of Manila">Mayors of Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mayors_of_San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="Category:Mayors of San Juan, Metro Manila">Mayors of San Juan, Metro Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nacionalista_Party_politicians" title="Category:Nacionalista Party politicians">Nacionalista Party politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Actors_from_San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="Category:Actors from San Juan, Metro Manila">Actors from San Juan, Metro Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Tondo,_Manila" title="Category:People from Tondo, Manila">People from Tondo, Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_politicians_convicted_of_corruption" title="Category:Filipino politicians convicted of corruption">Filipino politicians convicted of corruption</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_in_the_1992_Philippine_vice-presidential_election" title="Category:Candidates in the 1992 Philippine vice-presidential election">Candidates in the 1992 Philippine vice-presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Metro_Manila" title="Category:Politicians from Metro Manila">Politicians from Metro Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Presidents of the Philippines">Presidents of the Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pwersa_ng_Masang_Pilipino_politicians" title="Category:Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino politicians">Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ramos_administration_cabinet_members" title="Category:Ramos administration cabinet members">Ramos administration cabinet members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_Philippine_presidential_pardons" title="Category:Recipients of Philippine presidential pardons">Recipients of Philippine presidential pardons</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tagalog_people" title="Category:Tagalog people">Tagalog people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Secretaries_of_the_interior_and_local_government_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Secretaries of the interior and local government of the Philippines">Secretaries of the interior and local government of the Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Senators_of_the_8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Senators of the 8th Congress of the Philippines">Senators of the 8th Congress of the Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Nationalist_Alliance_politicians" title="Category:United Nationalist Alliance politicians">United Nationalist Alliance politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vice_presidents_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Vice presidents of the Philippines">Vice presidents of the Philippines</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_foreign_language_sources_(ISO_639-2)" title="Category:CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)">CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_April_2021" title="Category:Use mdy dates from April 2021">Use mdy dates from April 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Philippine_English_from_November_2022" title="Category:Use Philippine English from November 2022">Use Philippine English from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Philippine_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Philippine English">All Wikipedia articles written in Philippine English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Template:Post-nominals_with_customized_linking" title="Category:Pages using Template:Post-nominals with customized linking">Pages using Template:Post-nominals with customized linking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Tagalog_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Tagalog IPA">Pages with Tagalog IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:BLP_articles_lacking_sources_from_January_2025" title="Category:BLP articles lacking sources from January 2025">BLP articles lacking sources from January 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_BLP_articles_lacking_sources" title="Category:All BLP articles lacking sources">All BLP articles lacking sources</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_July_2023" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from July 2023">Articles lacking reliable references from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 February 2025, at 08:37<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Estrada&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph Estrada</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>53 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7878cd4448-69nd7","wgBackendResponseTime":146,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.216","walltime":"3.093","ppvisitednodes":{"value":26667,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":761902,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":197585,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":24,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":514316,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2560.409 1 -total"," 23.31% 596.764 2 Template:Reflist"," 22.37% 572.759 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 16.55% 423.628 2 Template:Navboxes"," 14.34% 367.257 62 Template:Cite_news"," 7.80% 199.683 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 7.34% 187.923 1 Template:IPA"," 5.40% 138.186 1 Template:Joseph_Estrada_sidebar"," 4.87% 124.674 28 Template:Cite_web"," 4.67% 119.678 24 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.254","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23747507,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","360","25.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","19.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","100","7.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::setTTL","40","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","40","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","40","2.8"],["concat","40","2.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","2.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:710\u003E","40","2.8"],["[others]","360","25.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7878cd4448-64tw2","timestamp":"20250211195859","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Joseph Estrada","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Estrada","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q212733","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q212733","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-07-27T08:04:31Z","dateModified":"2025-02-05T08:37:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/06\/Josephestradapentagon.jpg","headline":"actor and President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001"}</script> </body> </html>