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mobile eight wide tablet column"><div><a title="Wise - Marine" class="logo" href="/marine"><span class="eea-logo" style="display:inline-block"></span></a></div></div><div class="eight wide computer four wide mobile four wide tablet column"><div class="main-menu inverted"><nav aria-label="Main" class="main-nav"><ul class="ui text eea-main-menu tablet or lower hidden menu" id="navigation"><li class="item"><a href="/marine/policy-and-reporting" title="Policy and reporting">Policy and reporting</a></li><li class="item"><a href="/marine/europe-seas" title="Europe's seas">Europe's seas</a></li><li class="item"><a href="/marine/countries-and-regional-seas" title="Countries and Regions">Countries and Regions</a></li><li class="item"><a href="/marine/resources" title="Resources">Resources</a></li></ul></nav><button class="search-action" tabindex="0" aria-pressed="false" aria-haspopup="true"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></button><button class="burger-action mobile " 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class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#welcome-to-wise-marine--the-source-of-data-and-information-on--europes--marine-environment---"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Welcome to WISE Marine <span class="h2"></span><br/><span class="h2"></span><span class="fw-light">The source of data and information on </span><span class="fw-light">Europe's </span><span class="fw-light">marine environment</span><span class="fw-light"> </span></h2></div><div class="hero-block-meta text-left"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider divider-spacing-s"></div></div><h3 id="-wise-marine-provides-access-to-data-and-information-on-the-state-of-and-pressures-on-europes-seas-and-on-actions-that-can-be-taken-to-protect-and-conserve-them-" data-block="b1e49b24-2d96-40f5-b9ee-19f5f760828c"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#-wise-marine-provides-access-to-data-and-information-on-the-state-of-and-pressures-on-europes-seas-and-on-actions-that-can-be-taken-to-protect-and-conserve-them-"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a><span class="fw-light">WISE Marine provides access to data and information on the state of and pressures on Europe’s seas, and on actions that can be taken to protect and conserve them. </span></h3><h3 id="-" data-block="504d1fd5-f433-4e5f-ab63-8b9e8a579055"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#-"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 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10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a><span class="fw-light"></span></h3><h2 id="in-the-spotlight" data-block="136788c0-1eb8-4ab5-9867-45a3f0bcea55"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#in-the-spotlight"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>In the spotlight</h2><div class="block gridBlock four"><div class="ui stackable stretched four column grid"><div class="column"><div class="ui fluid card u-card max-2-lines title-max-4-lines has--align--left has--text--center"><div class="image"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="/marine/sportlight_icons/wise_country_factsheet.svg/@@images/image/preview" alt="Discover and combine marine spatial datasets with the new WISE marine map viewer" class="ui image"/></div><div class="content"><div class="meta"><span class="text-left">Map viewer</span></div><div class="header"><a href="https://discomap.eea.europa.eu/wise-marineviewer/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="header-link">Discover and combine marine spatial datasets with the new WISE marine map viewer</a></div></div></div></div><div class="column"><div class="ui fluid card u-card max-2-lines title-max-4-lines has--align--left has--text--center"><div class="image"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="/marine/sportlight_icons/dashboards-on-marine-features.svg/@@images/image/preview" alt="Look at the status and trend of Marine protected areas in Europe" class="ui image"/></div><div class="content"><div class="meta"><span class="text-left">MPA statistics</span></div><div class="header"><a class="header-link" href="/marine/europe-seas/solutions/marine-protected-areas">Look at the status and trend of Marine protected areas in Europe</a></div></div></div></div><div class="column"><div class="ui fluid card u-card max-2-lines title-max-4-lines has--align--left has--text--center"><div class="image"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="/marine/sportlight_icons/visualisation_ges.svg/@@images/image/preview" alt="Explore the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) data and dashboards" class="ui image"/></div><div class="content"><div class="meta"><span class="text-left">Data and data products</span></div><div class="header"><a class="header-link" href="/marine/resources/msfd-reporting-data-tools">Explore the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) data and dashboards</a></div></div></div></div><div class="column"><div class="ui fluid card u-card max-2-lines title-max-4-lines has--align--left has--text--center"><div class="image"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="/marine/sportlight_icons/msfd-data-explorer.svg/@@images/image/preview" alt="See the new "Shipping and ports" catalogue of measures" class="ui image"/></div><div class="content"><div class="meta"><span class="text-left">Catalogue of measures</span></div><div class="header"><a class="header-link" href="/marine/europe-seas/solutions/marine-sectors-catalogue-of-measures">See the new "Shipping and ports" catalogue of measures</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><p></p><div class="styled-group has--style_name--content-box-primary styled"><div class="content-box primary"><div class="content-box-inner"><div><h2 class="text-center" id="challenges-for-europes-seas" data-block="2be63dfc-2a99-424b-aa25-971a882e0be4"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#challenges-for-europes-seas"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Challenges for Europe’s seas</h2><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider divider-spacing-s"></div></div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div style="padding:0 50px 0 10px" class="four wide computer twelve wide mobile four wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p><span class="fw-light"><span class="medium-text">More efforts are needed to achieve the sustainable use of Europe’s marine resources and ensure their availability for future generations. </span></span></p></div><div style="padding:0 38px 0 10px" class="four wide computer twelve wide mobile four wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p><span class="fw-light"><span class="medium-text">EU countries have reduced some pressures in the last decades, but marine ecosystems are still impacted by multiple pressures from human activities at sea and on land, which is intensified by climate change. As a consequence, marine species and habitats are still not in good condition.</span></span></p></div><div style="padding:0 45px 0 30px" class="four wide computer twelve wide mobile four wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p><span class="fw-light"><span class="medium-text">The resilience of marine ecosystems against climate change makes a big contribution to that of the planet, but the ongoing pressures reduce this marine resilience.</span></span><span class="fw-light"><span class="medium-text"></span></span></p></div></div></div><h3 class="text-center" id="-responding-to-these-challenges-requires-fundamental-changes-to-make-our-society-more-sustainable-than-today-" data-block="e23cf164-57c9-40c9-9243-6795d357a862"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#-responding-to-these-challenges-requires-fundamental-changes-to-make-our-society-more-sustainable-than-today-"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a><span class="fw-light">Responding to these challenges requires fundamental changes to make our society more sustainable than today</span> </h3></div></div></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><div class="styled-dividerBlock"><div class="ui hidden divider"></div></div><div class="styled-group has--style_name--content-box-gray styled"><div class="content-box"><div class="content-box-inner"><div><h2 id="recently-released" data-block="6f7e05cf-5014-4419-a0d6-376f3309f5a1"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#recently-released"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>Recently released</h2><div class="styled-tabs_block full has--align--full align styled full-width"><div class="tabs-block carousel-horizontal grey center" id="bd1f4be0-4125-49e8-9b39-fbf7afc7b5cb"><div class="styled-tab has--align--full styled"><div class="slick-slider ui container tabs-accessibility slick-initialized" dir="ltr"><div class="slick-list"><div class="slick-track" style="width:1300%;left:-100%"><div data-index="-1" tabindex="-1" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" aria-hidden="true" style="width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/publications/marinemessageii.webp/@@images/image" class="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h3 id="eea-report-marine-messages-ii" data-block="d3cd140f-cbc5-41ae-8c3b-3afd6f760cf9"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#eea-report-marine-messages-ii"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>EEA Report. Marine Messages II</h3><p>This report provides a set of key messages on the current use of Europe's seas and its combined effects on marine ecosystem condition. These messages underpin a set of lessons from marine ecosystem recovery from which solutions for a brighter future can be identified.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary center has--align--center has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align center"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/marine-messages-2" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the report<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-index="0" class="slick-slide slick-active slick-current" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="false" style="outline:none;width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/emter_2025-1.png/@@images/image" class="large" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p><span class="small-text">04 Feb 2025</span></p><h3 id="european-maritime-transport-environmental-report-2025" data-block="34298e66-224d-4793-ab61-e374bcce2c14"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#european-maritime-transport-environmental-report-2025"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>European Maritime Transport Environmental Report 2025</h3><p>EEA-EMSA Joint Report 15/2024</p><p>The second edition of EMTER, a joint report by the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) and the EEA has been released. It gives an update on the environmental performance of the sector and an assessment of efforts to make it more sustainable.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary styled"><div class="block call-to-action align"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/maritime-transport-2025" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the report<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-index="1" class="slick-slide" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" style="outline:none;width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/publications/fisheries_briefing.jpg/@@images/image" class="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Fisheries_briefing_08.2024"/></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h3 id="eea-briefing-healthy-seas-thriving-fisheries-transitioning-to-an-environmentally-sustainable-sector" data-block="1e491471-54b3-4fab-a3dd-2ca2fcd5b6f9"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#eea-briefing-healthy-seas-thriving-fisheries-transitioning-to-an-environmentally-sustainable-sector"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>EEA briefing. Healthy seas, thriving fisheries: transitioning to an environmentally sustainable sector</h3><p>Europe’s seas face increasing pressure from human activities. This briefing, the first in a series, addresses the need to transition to sustainable fisheries. It argues for an ecosystem-based approach to sustainably exploiting marine resources and moving away from adverse practices.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary styled"><div class="block call-to-action align"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/healthy-seas-thriving-fisheries" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the EEA briefing<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-index="2" class="slick-slide" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" style="outline:none;width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/how-climate-change-impacts-marine-life.png/@@images/image" class="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h3 id="eea-briefing-how-climate-change-impacts-marine-life" data-block="1ed4ff66-3630-43df-8b43-9416dccc4664"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#eea-briefing-how-climate-change-impacts-marine-life"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>EEA briefing. How climate change impacts marine life</h3><p>This briefing summarises some of the ways in which climate change is impacting Europe’s marine ecosystems. It identifies how various ecosystem features are influenced by climate change and spotlights potential areas of concern. It also highlights areas where marine life may be more impacted by climate change compared with other areas. <br/><strong>This work supports the recent integration of climate change as a key consideration in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).</strong> It does this by presenting a spatial description of the vulnerabilities of marine areas to climate change.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary styled"><div class="block call-to-action align"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/how-climate-change-impacts" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the EEA briefing<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div><p> </p><p> </p></div></div></div></div></div><div data-index="3" class="slick-slide" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" style="outline:none;width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/from-source-to-sea.png/@@images/image" class="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/></p><p></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h3 id="eea-web-report-from-source-to-sea--the-untold-story-of-marine-litter" data-block="d9abb925-8583-4f71-bc2d-3a7067f02b1d"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#eea-web-report-from-source-to-sea--the-untold-story-of-marine-litter"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>EEA Web report. From source to sea — The untold story of marine litter</h3><p>We’ve all seen the photos. Piles of plastic waste drifting in the open sea. A daily tide of plastic and other detritus washed up on our beaches. Scenes of turtles and fish tangled in discarded fishing nets. Yet all of it is preventable. This web report traces the problem of marine litter from source to sea to help policymakers and </p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary styled"><div class="block call-to-action align"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/european-marine-litter-assessment" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the EEA web report<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-index="4" class="slick-slide" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" style="outline:none;width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/publications/maritime_transport_2021.webp/@@images/image" class="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h3 id="emsa-eea-european-maritime-transport-environmental-report" data-block="bc4f7d62-b6dd-4e4d-9886-ef43ed170d6b"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#emsa-eea-european-maritime-transport-environmental-report"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>EMSA-EEA. European Maritime Transport Environmental Report</h3><p>This report provides a factual analysis of the environmental pressures exerted by the maritime transport sector, presents up-to-date information on the relevant EU and international environmental standards and describes current and future actions to reduce the sector's impact on our environment.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary center has--align--center has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align center"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/maritime-transport/" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the report<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-index="5" class="slick-slide" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" style="outline:none;width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/publications/marinemessageii.webp/@@images/image" class="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h3 id="eea-report-marine-messages-ii" data-block="d3cd140f-cbc5-41ae-8c3b-3afd6f760cf9"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#eea-report-marine-messages-ii"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>EEA Report. Marine Messages II</h3><p>This report provides a set of key messages on the current use of Europe's seas and its combined effects on marine ecosystem condition. These messages underpin a set of lessons from marine ecosystem recovery from which solutions for a brighter future can be identified.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary center has--align--center has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align center"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/marine-messages-2" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the report<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-index="6" tabindex="-1" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" aria-hidden="true" style="width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/emter_2025-1.png/@@images/image" class="large" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p><span class="small-text">04 Feb 2025</span></p><h3 id="european-maritime-transport-environmental-report-2025" data-block="34298e66-224d-4793-ab61-e374bcce2c14"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#european-maritime-transport-environmental-report-2025"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>European Maritime Transport Environmental Report 2025</h3><p>EEA-EMSA Joint Report 15/2024</p><p>The second edition of EMTER, a joint report by the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) and the EEA has been released. It gives an update on the environmental performance of the sector and an assessment of efforts to make it more sustainable.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary styled"><div class="block call-to-action align"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/maritime-transport-2025" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the report<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-index="7" tabindex="-1" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" aria-hidden="true" style="width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/publications/fisheries_briefing.jpg/@@images/image" class="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="Fisheries_briefing_08.2024"/></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h3 id="eea-briefing-healthy-seas-thriving-fisheries-transitioning-to-an-environmentally-sustainable-sector" data-block="1e491471-54b3-4fab-a3dd-2ca2fcd5b6f9"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#eea-briefing-healthy-seas-thriving-fisheries-transitioning-to-an-environmentally-sustainable-sector"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>EEA briefing. Healthy seas, thriving fisheries: transitioning to an environmentally sustainable sector</h3><p>Europe’s seas face increasing pressure from human activities. This briefing, the first in a series, addresses the need to transition to sustainable fisheries. It argues for an ecosystem-based approach to sustainably exploiting marine resources and moving away from adverse practices.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary styled"><div class="block call-to-action align"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/healthy-seas-thriving-fisheries" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the EEA briefing<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-index="8" tabindex="-1" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" aria-hidden="true" style="width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/how-climate-change-impacts-marine-life.png/@@images/image" class="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h3 id="eea-briefing-how-climate-change-impacts-marine-life" data-block="1ed4ff66-3630-43df-8b43-9416dccc4664"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#eea-briefing-how-climate-change-impacts-marine-life"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>EEA briefing. How climate change impacts marine life</h3><p>This briefing summarises some of the ways in which climate change is impacting Europe’s marine ecosystems. It identifies how various ecosystem features are influenced by climate change and spotlights potential areas of concern. It also highlights areas where marine life may be more impacted by climate change compared with other areas. <br/><strong>This work supports the recent integration of climate change as a key consideration in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).</strong> It does this by presenting a spatial description of the vulnerabilities of marine areas to climate change.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary styled"><div class="block call-to-action align"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/how-climate-change-impacts" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the EEA briefing<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div><p> </p><p> </p></div></div></div></div></div><div data-index="9" tabindex="-1" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" aria-hidden="true" style="width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/from-source-to-sea.png/@@images/image" class="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/></p><p></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h3 id="eea-web-report-from-source-to-sea--the-untold-story-of-marine-litter" data-block="d9abb925-8583-4f71-bc2d-3a7067f02b1d"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#eea-web-report-from-source-to-sea--the-untold-story-of-marine-litter"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>EEA Web report. From source to sea — The untold story of marine litter</h3><p>We’ve all seen the photos. Piles of plastic waste drifting in the open sea. A daily tide of plastic and other detritus washed up on our beaches. Scenes of turtles and fish tangled in discarded fishing nets. Yet all of it is preventable. This web report traces the problem of marine litter from source to sea to help policymakers and </p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary styled"><div class="block call-to-action align"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/european-marine-litter-assessment" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the EEA web report<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-index="10" tabindex="-1" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" aria-hidden="true" style="width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/publications/maritime_transport_2021.webp/@@images/image" class="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h3 id="emsa-eea-european-maritime-transport-environmental-report" data-block="bc4f7d62-b6dd-4e4d-9886-ef43ed170d6b"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#emsa-eea-european-maritime-transport-environmental-report"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>EMSA-EEA. European Maritime Transport Environmental Report</h3><p>This report provides a factual analysis of the environmental pressures exerted by the maritime transport sector, presents up-to-date information on the relevant EU and international environmental standards and describes current and future actions to reduce the sector's impact on our environment.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary center has--align--center has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align center"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/maritime-transport/" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the report<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-index="11" tabindex="-1" class="slick-slide slick-cloned" aria-hidden="true" style="width:7.6923076923076925%"><div><div class="columns-view"><div class="ui twelve column grid column-grid"><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><p class="block image align center"><img src="/marine/publications/marinemessageii.webp/@@images/image" class="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt=""/></p></div><div class="six wide computer twelve wide mobile six wide tablet column column-blocks-wrapper"><h3 id="eea-report-marine-messages-ii" data-block="d3cd140f-cbc5-41ae-8c3b-3afd6f760cf9"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/marine#eea-report-marine-messages-ii"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2em" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="M27.1318,7.333 C24.4028,4.604 19.9618,4.604 17.2328,7.333 L12.9898,11.576 C11.8428,12.723 11.1288,14.248 10.9778,15.871 C10.8228,17.541 11.2708,19.211 12.2378,20.576 C12.4818,20.919 12.7278,21.213 12.9888,21.475 C13.7848,22.271 14.7778,22.868 15.8608,23.202 C16.5498,23.415 17.2548,23.519 17.9518,23.518 C19.7808,23.518 21.5598,22.804 22.8888,21.475 L23.9498,20.414 L22.5358,19 L21.4748,20.061 C20.1648,21.371 18.2388,21.842 16.4498,21.291 C15.6668,21.049 14.9778,20.635 14.4038,20.061 C14.2218,19.879 14.0478,19.668 13.8698,19.418 C13.1778,18.443 12.8588,17.249 12.9688,16.056 C13.0768,14.896 13.5868,13.808 14.4038,12.99 L18.6468,8.747 C20.5958,6.798 23.7688,6.798 25.7178,8.747 C26.6568,9.687 27.1748,10.942 27.1748,12.283 C27.1748,13.623 26.6568,14.878 25.7178,15.818 L27.1318,17.232 C28.4488,15.915 29.1748,14.157 29.1748,12.283 C29.1748,10.408 28.4488,8.65 27.1318,7.333"/><path d="M25.0107,16.5254 C24.2147,15.7294 23.2217,15.1324 22.1387,14.7984 C19.6417,14.0284 16.9477,14.6894 15.1107,16.5254 L14.0507,17.5864 L15.4647,19.0004 L16.5247,17.9394 C17.8357,16.6294 19.7587,16.1554 21.5497,16.7094 C22.3337,16.9514 23.0217,17.3644 23.5957,17.9394 C23.7777,18.1214 23.9527,18.3314 24.1307,18.5824 C24.8217,19.5564 25.1417,20.7514 25.0317,21.9444 C24.9237,23.1034 24.4137,24.1924 23.5957,25.0104 L19.3537,29.2534 C17.4047,31.2024 14.2317,31.2024 12.2817,29.2534 C11.3427,28.3134 10.8247,27.0574 10.8247,25.7174 C10.8247,24.3774 11.3427,23.1214 12.2817,22.1824 L10.8677,20.7684 C9.5507,22.0854 8.8247,23.8424 8.8247,25.7174 C8.8247,27.5924 9.5507,29.3504 10.8677,30.6674 C12.2327,32.0314 14.0257,32.7134 15.8177,32.7134 C17.6107,32.7134 19.4027,32.0314 20.7677,30.6674 L25.0107,26.4244 C26.1567,25.2774 26.8717,23.7524 27.0227,22.1294 C27.1777,20.4594 26.7297,18.7894 25.7617,17.4244 C25.5177,17.0814 25.2717,16.7874 25.0107,16.5254"/></g></svg></a>EEA Report. Marine Messages II</h3><p>This report provides a set of key messages on the current use of Europe's seas and its combined effects on marine ecosystem condition. These messages underpin a set of lessons from marine ecosystem recovery from which solutions for a brighter future can be identified.</p><div class="styled-callToActionBlock primary center has--align--center has--icon--ri-arrow-right-line has--rightIcon--true has--theme--primary align styled"><div class="block call-to-action align center"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/marine-messages-2" title="" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="ui button icon right labeled primary">Go to the report<i aria-hidden="true" class="icon ri-arrow-right-line"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="slick-arrows one-arrow"><button aria-label="Next slide" class="slick-arrow slick-next" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32" style="height:50px;width:auto;fill:currentColor" class="icon"><path d="M332.535,1105.88 L326.879,1111.54 C326.488,1111.93 325.855,1111.93 325.465,1111.54 C325.074,1111.15 325.074,1110.51 325.465,1110.12 L329.586,1106 L319,1106 C318.447,1106 318,1105.55 318,1105 C318,1104.45 318.447,1104 319,1104 L329.586,1104 L325.465,1099.88 C325.074,1099.49 325.074,1098.86 325.465,1098.46 C325.855,1098.07 326.488,1098.07 326.879,1098.46 L332.535,1104.12 C332.775,1104.36 332.85,1104.69 332.795,1105 C332.85,1105.31 332.775,1105.64 332.535,1105.88 L332.535,1105.88 Z M326,1089 C317.163,1089 310,1096.16 310,1105 C310,1113.84 317.163,1121 326,1121 C334.837,1121 342,1113.84 342,1105 C342,1096.16 334.837,1089 326,1089 L326,1089 Z" transform="translate(-310 -1089)" fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg></button></div><div class="slick-dots-wrapper"><div class="slick-line"></div><ul class="slick-dots ui container"><li class="slick-active"><button aria-label="Select slide 1" tabindex="0"></button></li><li class=""><button aria-label="Select slide 2" tabindex="0"></button></li><li class=""><button aria-label="Select slide 3" tabindex="0"></button></li><li class=""><button aria-label="Select 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Large-scale human activities in coastal areas, on land and offshore such as coastal defence works, damming of large rivers, land reclamation projects, offshore infrastructure (bridges, airports), offshore wind farms and other ocean energy device arrays and large-scale aquaculture facilities may permanently influence the hydrographical regime of currents, waves and sediments.","items":[],"review_state":"published","title":"Hydrographical conditions","use_view_action_in_listings":false},{"@id":"http:\u002F\u002Fbackend:8080\u002FPlone\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fpressures-impacts\u002Fmarine-litter","description":"Marine litter is defined as any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material discarded, disposed of, or abandoned in the environment. It is now widely recognised that the amount of litter in the environment is significant and increasing. 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The increase of energy levels in the seas and oceans due to emissions from human activities has been identified to cause various impacts on the marine ecosystem.","items":[],"review_state":"published","title":"Underwater noise and other forms of energy input","use_view_action_in_listings":false}],"review_state":"published","title":"Pressures","use_view_action_in_listings":false},{"@id":"http:\u002F\u002Fbackend:8080\u002FPlone\u002Feurope-seas\u002Factivities","description":"Many human activities at sea and on land are affecting the marine environment. Maritime sectors aggregated under the blue economy are directly using the sea space and marine natural resources. Land based activities impacting marine environment are primarily in coastal areas, causing alterations of natural coastal zone. Land based pollution in river catchments or changes in riverine water flows are also impacting coastal areas. 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These data are also the foundations to build the knowledge aims at securing the present and future protection of the humans and environment. Products derived by data, like dashboards, maps, or web applications are meant to be used for several purposes, as integral part of the indicators, as communication means and as support working materials before, during and after the assessment phases, where they help the policy makers in navigating and interpreting the data, in making conclusions, or finding knowledge gaps.","items":[{"@id":"http:\u002F\u002Fbackend:8080\u002FPlone\u002Fresources\u002Fmsfd-reporting-data-tools","description":"The present section makes available the main data reported by Member States to the European Commission under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and a set of expert dashboards displaying the latest assessment on good environmental status (GES) of EU marine waters at different scales.","items":[{"@id":"http:\u002F\u002Fbackend:8080\u002FPlone\u002Fresources\u002Fmsfd-reporting-data-tools\u002Fges-assessment-dashboards","description":"This section offers a series of dashboards, oriented primarily to an expert audience, presenting data reported by Member States as required for the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). 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Over the following decades, several other instruments have been adopted with the aim to reduce marine environmental pollution from land-based sources (such as the Nitrates Directive and the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive ), to introduce a sustainable management of European fishing fleets and conserving fish stocks (Common fisheries policy (CFP)), to protect coastal and marine habitats and species (such as the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive ). ","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Fpolicy-and-reporting","items":[{"title":"EU and global marine policies","description":"The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) builds on all the existing legal instruments for the protection of the marine environment and the sustainable development of maritime sectors, integrating their objectives into a coherent framework that contributes the achievement of the objectives of wider EU policies for environmental protection and sustainability, such as the EU Green Deal and the Biodiversity Strategy 2030.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Fpolicy-and-reporting\u002Fmarine-eu-global-policies","items":[]},{"title":"MSFD reports and assessments","description":"EU Member States have the obligation to inform the European Commission on the implementation of the different phases of the MSFD cycle: initial assessment, good environmental status (GES definition), establishement of environmental targets, set up of monitoring programmes and implementattion of programmes of measures. On the basis of the information received, the European Commission evaluates the implementation of the MSFD at national level (compliance assessment), and its level of coherence within the different marine regions or subregions and across the Union. This assessment serves also for the preparation of reports to the European Parliament, Council of Ministers, and the public, and to show the progress towards achieving GES across Europe’s seas.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Fpolicy-and-reporting\u002Fmsfd-reports-and-assessments","items":[]}]},{"title":"Europe's seas","description":"This section presents the outcomes of regional and EU-level assessments of marine species, habitats and ecosystems; the main pressures upon them; the human activities responsible for these pressures - based on information from the Regional Sea Conventions, the implementation of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive and other sources; as well as actions that can be taken to protect and conserve Europe's marine environment. ","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas","items":[{"title":"Biodiversity","description":"Marine life has been and is still under pressure from human activities across Europe’s seas. The combined effects from multiple pressures on marine species and habitats reduce the overall resilience of marine ecosystems.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fbiodiversity","items":[{"title":"Benthic habitats","description":"There is a great diversity of seabed habitats, with over 1.000 different habitat types identified across Europe’s regional seas. These vary from the coral reefs found in the cold, dark depths of the North-east Atlantic Ocean to the seagrass meadows found in coastal waters throughout Europe’s seas. Seabed habitats are impacted by a wide range of land- and sea-based human activities ranging from the effects of eutrophication in coastal areas or to extensive bottom trawling in off shore areas.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fbiodiversity\u002Fbenthic-habitats","items":[]},{"title":"Fish and cephalopods","description":" Europe’s regional seas contain an enormous diversity of marine fish and cephalopod species with over 1.200 species in the North-east Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. The highest diversity of fish species are found on the coast of Portugal, the archipelagos in Macaronesia and the western Mediterranean Sea, which are also the areas with the highest number of threatened species. ","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fbiodiversity\u002Ffish","items":[]},{"title":"Food Webs","description":"Marine food webs describe the linkages between all living organisms found in the marine environment, where every plant and animal species depends on another plant or animal species for its survival. This interdependency can be explored in predator–prey relationships or food chains. Individual food chains operate within much larger and more complex networks called food webs. Food webs regulate the ecosystem dynamics, and play an essential role in the way ecosystems respond to natural and human-induced changes.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fbiodiversity\u002Ffood-webs","items":[]},{"title":"Marine Mammals","description":"Europe is home to 44 species of marine mammals including whales, dolphins, porpoises and seals, although the diversity of species varies between regional seas.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fbiodiversity\u002Fmarine-mammals","items":[]},{"title":"Pelagic Habitats","description":"Pelagic habitats create the foundation for marine food webs, home to primary producers such as phytoplankton and microbes. These habitats are highly dynamic and exhibit swift responses to environmental variables such as large phytoplankton blooms.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fbiodiversity\u002Fpelagic-habitats","items":[]},{"title":"Seabirds","description":"There are over 180 species of marine birds found throughout Europe's seas, and many of these undertake yearly migrations between feeding and breeding grounds. These include waders and waterbirds, such as ducks, geese, swans, divers and grebes; as well as birds that are usually referred to as seabirds: petrels, shearwaters, gannets, cormorants, skuas, gulls, terns and auks.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fbiodiversity\u002Fseabirds","items":[]},{"title":"Turtles","description":" Marine turtles have survived on Earth for more than 200 million years, and today seven species of marine turtles inhabit the world's oceans. . In Europe, turtles can be primarily found in the Mediterranean Sea, where the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting populations are considered as indigenous.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fbiodiversity\u002Fturtles","items":[]}]},{"title":"Pressures","description":"Marine life has been and is still under pressure from human activities across Europe’s seas. The combined effects from multiple pressures on marine species and habitats reduce the overall resilience of marine ecosystems. This section of WISE Marine reports assessment summaries, mainly based on literature, of the major pressures affecting the marine ecosystems.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fpressures-impacts","items":[{"title":"Climate Change","description":" Human induced climate change is the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns as a consequence of greenhouse gases emissions that are mainly released from the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, agricultural practices, land-use, and forest management practice. Climate change is a global challenge that is driving environmental changes and causes undesirable effects for ecosystems and human societies. ","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fpressures-impacts\u002Fclimate-change","items":[]},{"title":"Commercially exploited fish and shellfish","description":"Fishing is a widespread activity in Europe’s seas. It provides a high-protein, low-fat food that is increasingly demanded by European citizens, and is also an economic sector that generated over EUR 6.1 billion in revenue and 124 thousand direct jobs in 2021. Fishing has a high impact on the marine environment, including the overexploitation of targeted species, physical disturbance of seabed habitats and by-catch, altering the structure and functioning of the marine ecosystem.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fpressures-impacts\u002Fextraction-of-fish-and-shellfish","items":[]},{"title":"Contamination","description":" Substances of environmental concern are those that cause high risk to both the environment and human health. Very persistent substances may accumulate in the environment and man-made materials to levels harmful to human health and natural resources. Certain toxic effects (e.g. those occurring at low concentrations or after long periods of low-grade exposure) may only be identified after many years, by which time rising concentrations\u002Flevels could have already occurred and prove irreversible. ","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fpressures-impacts\u002Fcontamination","items":[]},{"title":"Eutrophication","description":"Eutrophication in marine, coastal and estuarine ecosystems is a consequence of nutrient over-enrichment, mostly inputs of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter from land-based sources (agriculture, urbanisation), marine activities (aquaculture) and from atmospheric deposition (e.g. from road transport and shipping emissions to the air). Eutrophication has been a problem in Europe’s coastal and marine waters for decades.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fpressures-impacts\u002Fnutrient","items":[]},{"title":"Hydrographical conditions","description":"Physical and chemical features can be changed as a consequence of different patterns of human activities and the impacts of climate change. Large-scale human activities in coastal areas, on land and offshore such as coastal defence works, damming of large rivers, land reclamation projects, offshore infrastructure (bridges, airports), offshore wind farms and other ocean energy device arrays and large-scale aquaculture facilities may permanently influence the hydrographical regime of currents, waves and sediments.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fpressures-impacts\u002Fhydrographical-conditions","items":[]},{"title":"Marine litter","description":"Marine litter is defined as any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material discarded, disposed of, or abandoned in the environment. It is now widely recognised that the amount of litter in the environment is significant and increasing. For this reason, marine litter is the focus of growing political attention around the world.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fpressures-impacts\u002Fmarine-litter","items":[]},{"title":"Non-indigenous species","description":"Non-indigenous species (NIS) are those species introduced outside their natural past or present range which might survive and reproduce. Some of the NIS can be harmless, with negligible impacts on native species. Other NIS can be invasive with potential to change native community composition and cause local population extinction with long lasting impacts which threaten biodiversity and ecosystem services. Those are addressed by the EU Regulation 1143\u002F2014 on Invasive Alien Species which starts to include some marine species.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fpressures-impacts\u002Fnon_indigenous_species","items":[]},{"title":"Physical loss and disturbance of the seabed","description":"Seabed habitats provide valuable ecosystem services to societies and industry in terms of food, raw materials, energy and space (e.g. fisheries). To obtain these benefits, we undertake several activities that disturb the seabed and its habitats by changing geological, physical and chemical conditions or directly affect the benthic biology. Human activities can cause physical loss or disturbance to the seabed, and the MSFD requires the assessment of the extent of such damage, as well as of the benthic habitat’s extent and condition and the adverse effects from physical disturbance produced on them.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fpressures-impacts\u002Fphysical_loss_and_distrubance","items":[]},{"title":"Underwater noise and other forms of energy input","description":"Human activities at sea can introduce several forms of energy into the marine environment (e.g., underwater noise, thermal pollution, electromagnetism and artificial light). The increase of energy levels in the seas and oceans due to emissions from human activities has been identified to cause various impacts on the marine ecosystem.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Fpressures-impacts\u002Funderwater-noise-and-other-forms-of-energy-input","items":[]}]},{"title":"Human Activities","description":"Many human activities at sea and on land are affecting the marine environment. Maritime sectors aggregated under the blue economy are directly using the sea space and marine natural resources. Land based activities impacting marine environment are primarily in coastal areas, causing alterations of natural coastal zone. Land based pollution in river catchments or changes in riverine water flows are also impacting coastal areas. Human activities considered under MSFD are listed in Commission Directive (EU) 2017\u002F845. ","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Factivities","items":[{"title":"Extraction and cultivation of living resources","description":"Extraction and cultivation of living resources as a human activity affecting the marine environment includes fish and shellfish harvesting (capture fisheries), marine plant harvesting, hunting and aquaculture .","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Factivities\u002Fextraction-of-living-resources","items":[]},{"title":"Urban and industrial uses","description":"Urban development in coastal areas supports Europe’s population growth and includes activities such as building houses, developing harbours, conducting industrial activities, and providing leisure and tourist facilities. Europe has around 280 coastal cities with populations greater than 50,000 inhabitants, including many capital cities such as Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Lisbon, Helsinki, Riga, and Stockholm.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Factivities\u002Furban-and-industrial-uses","items":[]},{"title":"Extraction of non-living resources","description":"Extraction of non-living resources includes extraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell), oil and gas (including infrastructure, salt and water.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Factivities\u002Fextraction-of-non-living-resources","items":[]},{"title":"Transport","description":"Maritime transport is large scale activity affecting the marine environment. Main activities impacting environment is construction and operation of ports with cargo handling, warehousing and storage infrastructure and shipping.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Factivities\u002Ftransport","items":[]},{"title":"Tourism and Leisure","description":"Coastal and marine tourism is an important sector in Europe and includes activities related to the establishment and running of infrastructure as well as to accommodation, transport and retail sale of goods\u002Fother expenditure. More specifically tourist expenditure in those sub-sectors is associated to beach and coastal-based activities, such as swimming and coasteering, and water-based or sport-type activities, such as sailing, scuba-diving, recreational fishing, cruising and marine wildlife watching. ","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Factivities\u002Ftourism-leisure","items":[]},{"title":"Physical restructuring of rivers, coastline or seabed","description":"Physical restructuring of rivers, coastline or seabed includes Land claim, coastal defence and flood protection, offshore structures (other than for oil\u002Fgas\u002Frenewables), restructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Factivities\u002Fphysical-restructuring","items":[]},{"title":"Production of energy","description":"Production of energy as a human activity affecting the marine environment includes renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure and transmission of electricity and communications (cables).","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Factivities\u002Fenergy-production","items":[]},{"title":"Education and Research","description":"Education and research (survey and educational activities) are activities affecting the marine environment. The marine environment continues to be an attractive and important subject for research, in particular because of its identified importance and contribution to European economies and livelihoods. Moreover, increased acknowledgement and understanding of climate change, combined with increased concern over the state of the marine environment, suggest that more research and observation is needed.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Factivities\u002Feducation-research","items":[]},{"title":"Security and Defense","description":"Military activities at sea include real operations, training operations and testing procedures such as submarine manoeuvres, target practice and aerial exercises. They also involve surveillance, monitoring and transport. The industry is considerable, both in terms of the costs incurred in maintaining it and in relation to the number of the people employed.","url":"\u002Fmarine\u002Feurope-seas\u002Factivities\u002Fsecurity-defense","items":[]}]},{"title":"Solutions","description":"This section presents some of the solutions for protecting and restoring Europe’s seas. It includes large scale solutions such as implementing an ecosystem-based approach to management across a regional sea and applying a balanced approach to maritime spatial planning to achieve a sustainable use within the limits of Good Environmental Status, as well as more local nature-based solutions such as restoration of habitats, inclusion of nature-friendly design of maritime structures and establishment of wetland areas to reduce nutrient loads. 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