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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要特点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要特点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>主要特点</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要特点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-优点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#优点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>优点</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-优点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-缺点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#缺点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>缺点</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-缺点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考资料子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">电气指令式制动</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。3种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektropneumatische_Bremse" title="Elektropneumatische Bremse – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektropneumatische Bremse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronically_controlled_pneumatic_brakes" title="Electronically controlled pneumatic brakes – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electronically controlled pneumatic brakes" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD" title="電気指令式ブレーキ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電気指令式ブレーキ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11335086#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><p><b>电气指令式制动</b>（日语：<span lang="ja">電気指令式ブレーキ</span>）是制动系统的一种，主要应用于铁路车辆，与汽车领域的线控制动相近。还有其他的产品名如：全电气指令式电磁直通制动（日语：<span lang="ja">全電気指令式電磁直通ブレーキ</span>）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自动空气制动" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="自動空気ブレーキ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自动空气制动（页面不存在）">自动空气制动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%97%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:自動空気ブレーキ"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">自動空気ブレーキ</span></a></span>）</span></span>作为铁路车辆的传递制动系统，由于其<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="失效安全">故障情况下安全</a>功能的可靠性、响应性以及系统的简洁性等特点，在除了英联邦国家以外的世界各国广泛使用了一个多世纪。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>自动空气制动借助驾驶台上的制动阀门来接收机车或头车发送的指令，通过打开或关闭制动阀门，对列车组内的制动管进行减压，从而将制动指令传递给各个车辆。然而，随着列车速度的提高和编组长度的增加，其相对较低的响应性和功能不足成为一个问题。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>为了解决响应性下降的问题，改进每辆车辆搭载的制动控制阀在一定程度上成功解决了此问题。然而，这种方法的代价较高，制动控制阀的增大是不可避免的。在以空气压力控制为基础的制动控制阀中，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%8B%E6%B0%A3%E8%BB%94%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="西屋氣軔公司">西屋空气制动公司</a>（WABCO）开发的U自在阀是一个里程碑：一套该阀门的重量超过100公斤，但维护需要高级的工艺技术。这种制动控制阀的巨大进化同时也带来了制造和维护成本的急剧增加。在电磁控制阀技术的发展背景下，20世纪20年代的美国以及1950年代初的日本通过在自动空气制动的制动阀上添加电气开关，并在各车辆的制动控制阀上添加电磁给排阀，通过电气信号传递制动指令，实现了响应性的大幅提升，同时保留了旧有低性能制动控制阀的低成本优势。这种电磁自动空气制动技术得到了实际应用。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>此外，对于要求高加减速性能的电车，基本上采用简单的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="直通制动" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="直通ブレーキ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%9A%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直通制动（页面不存在）">直通制动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%9A%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:直通ブレーキ"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">直通ブレーキ</span></a></span>）</span></span>，并结合电气信号进行指令控制。电磁直通制动由美国的WABCO于1930年代开发，并从1950年代后半期开始在日本广泛应用。通过技术引进，日本的一些电车实现了<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" title="电阻制动">发电制动</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95" title="再生制動">再生制動</a>与直通制动的平稳协作和高速响应。这些通过在空气压力控制中结合电磁阀的制动系统，提高了制动响应性能，同时保持了与现有系统一定的兼容性。<sup id="cite_ref-jstage_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstage-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>电气指令式制动是电磁直通制动方法的进一步发展和简化，它通过从驾驶台发送电气指令来控制每个车辆上搭载的直通制动装置，去除了空气管和空气压力控制的制动阀。可以将其视为将飞机上的“<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E5%82%B3%E9%A3%9B%E6%8E%A7%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="線傳飛控系統">線傳飛控</a>”技术应用于制动系统，而且由于后续的发展，使用计算装置可以实现更精细的控制，因此也可以称为电子控制方式的制动。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>这个系统在日本最初是在<a href="/wiki/1967%E5%B9%B4" title="1967年">1967年</a>1月由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1%E7%94%B5%E6%9C%BA" title="三菱电机">三菱电机</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B1%80" title="大阪市交通局">大阪市交通局</a>（现名为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%B8%82%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="大阪市高速電氣軌道">大阪市高速电气铁道</a>，Osaka Metro）共同开发的OEC-1<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>中首次实用化。这个新的制动系统旨在用于大阪世博会期间的观众运输。从1968年开始，共制造了222辆车<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，集中投入到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E5%A0%82%E7%AD%8B%E7%B7%9A" title="御堂筋線">御堂筋線</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="30系" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="大阪市交通局30系電車"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=30%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="30系（页面不存在）">30系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B1%8030%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" class="extiw" title="ja:大阪市交通局30系電車"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">大阪市交通局30系電車</span></a></span>）</span></span>中，并且为备战1969年的大阪世博会，制造了<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="60系" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="大阪市交通局60系電車"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=60%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="60系（页面不存在）">60系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B1%8060%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" class="extiw" title="ja:大阪市交通局60系電車"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">大阪市交通局60系電車</span></a></span>）</span></span>用于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%BA%E7%AD%8B%E7%B7%9A" title="堺筋線">堺筋線</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E6%80%A5%E8%A1%8C%E9%9B%BB%E9%90%B5" title="北大阪急行電鐵">北大阪急行電鐵</a>新造的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2000形電車" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="北大阪急行電鉄2000形"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000%E5%BD%A2%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000形電車（页面不存在）">2000形電車</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E6%80%A5%E8%A1%8C%E9%9B%BB%E9%89%842000%E5%BD%A2" class="extiw" title="ja:北大阪急行電鉄2000形"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">北大阪急行電鉄2000形</span></a></span>）</span></span>44辆、7000形40辆和8000形（初代）16辆<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这些车辆用于御堂筋线直达世博会场的接驳线路，共计100辆车采用了这种制动系统。<sup id="cite_ref-jstage_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstage-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这些车辆实现了前所未有的大规模运输，并成功完成了世博会的运输任务，证明了电气指令式制动与传统的电磁直通制动相媲美的高可靠性。<sup id="cite_ref-jstage_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstage-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在此后，由于减少了空气管线和将制动指令数字化所带来的布线简化，以及维修性的改善，日本电气制动的竞争对手日本压缩机制动（现为<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="納博特斯克">納博特斯克</a>）也开发了类似的HRD-1型电气指令式电磁直通制动系统，运用于<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="京阪5000系电车" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="京阪5000系電車#ブレーキ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E9%98%AA5000%E7%B3%BB%E7%94%B5%E8%BD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="京阪5000系电车（页面不存在）">京阪5000系电车</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%98%AA5000%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A#ブレーキ" class="extiw" title="ja:京阪5000系電車"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">京阪5000系電車#ブレーキ</span></a></span>）</span></span>的制动系统中。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>由于新建铁路不需要考虑与传统车辆混用，电气指令式制动的使用逐渐增加了。因此，从<a href="/wiki/1980%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1980年代">1980年代</a>开始，电气指令式制动在日本逐渐取代了电磁直通制动，成为绝大多数动力分散型电车采用的标准制动系统。现在，电气指令式制动系统还在传统使用自动空气制动的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E8%81%AF%E8%BB%8A" title="柴聯車">柴聯車</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%A2%E8%BB%8A" title="鐵路客車">客车</a>中得到采用，而且在这些车辆中的应用也越来越多。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>然而，出于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="失效安全">故障安全性</a>和与传统车辆的兼容性的考虑，部分车辆（如<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E9%81%93" title="近畿日本鐵道">近铁</a>的21系列）仍保留了制动管（紧急管）并配备了自动空气制动装置，与电气指令式制动分开使用。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="主要特点"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E7.89.B9.E7.82.B9"></span>主要特点</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：主要特点"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electricity_brake_keiki.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Electricity_brake_keiki.JPG/250px-Electricity_brake_keiki.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="442" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Electricity_brake_keiki.JPG/375px-Electricity_brake_keiki.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Electricity_brake_keiki.JPG/500px-Electricity_brake_keiki.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="2080" /></a><figcaption>东急9000系列驾驶室内的电气制动指令指示器（上部仪表）、制动缸与原空气缸压力表（下部仪表）。</figcaption></figure> <p>从驾驶台的制动控制器发出的指令通过指令线以电信号方式传送到每辆车辆，并调整每辆车上搭载的制动控制装置内的中继阀的开度。适量的空气压力从每辆车辆的主空气储压器中调整后送入制动缸，从而让列车获得最佳的制动力。<sup id="cite_ref-city_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在这个系统中，阀门的控制完全由电路进行，并且由于其响应速度非常快，从操作控制器手柄进行制动到制动缸压力提升，制动生效的时间（空走时间）大大缩短。 </p><p>电气指令式制动系统会结合制动控制装置内的制动感应器监测制动控制器发送的制动指令、空气弹簧的压力以及车体重量、列车速度等信息，发送合适的制动指令。系统还会监测发电制动和再生制动的失效时机，并利用空气制动器的快速操作来补偿因速度下降而失效的电制动，实现平稳制动。此外，由于系统很容易实现<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E7%A9%BA%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电空协调控制（页面不存在）">电空协调控制</a>，通过应荷重装置，还可以根据乘客重量来调整发送到制动缸的气压。此外，它还适用于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%B6%E8%BF%9F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="延迟制动（页面不存在）">延迟制动</a>等新型制动系统。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>数字式的控制系统（如三菱MBS）由大约3至4根指令线构成<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>注 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，通过二进制的开关组合来传输制动指令，进而驱动制动控制装置内带有电磁阀的中继阀；模拟式的控制系统仅使用一根指令线，通过改变施加在其上的电压或电流来传输制动指令，进而通过电-空转换阀将制动控制装置内的电压或电流变化转换为空气压力指令。后者可以实现无级位控制。近年来，随着计算机技术的进步，还出现了一种通过将指令线作为串行数据总线来传输数字数据格式的制动指令的方式。在任何一种方式中，如果制动控制器的指令线断开，都会施加紧急制动以确保故障安全。<sup id="cite_ref-city_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-city-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="优点"><span id=".E4.BC.98.E7.82.B9"></span>优点</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：优点"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在电磁直通制动系统中，除了用于作动电磁阀的跳线外，还需要联通传送指令的直通管（SAP）、向每节车厢供应压缩空气的元空气缸（MRP）以及用于紧急情况备份的制动管（BP），共需联通3根空气管路。相比之下，对于电气指令式制动系统而言，除了每辆车需要引通指令线外，只需引通供应制动动力的MRP管路即可，因此大大减少了空气管路和阀门，减少了因空气中水分凝结和腐蚀等故障问题，提高了可靠性，并显著降低了制造和维护成本。<sup id="cite_ref-学报_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-学报-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>此外，由于不需要将空气管路引入驾驶室，可以将制动指令装置与<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="主控制器" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="マスター・コントローラー"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="主控制器（页面不存在）">主控制器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" class="extiw" title="ja:マスター・コントローラー"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">マスター・コントローラー</span></a></span>）</span></span>集成。这样一来，可以实现前推制动、后拉力行的单手操作，符合<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="人因工程学">人机工程学</a>的理想。日本最早引入这一技术的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%80%A58000%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E7%B5%84" title="東急8000系電力動車組">東急8000系電車</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-rp-20-1-p72_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rp-20-1-p72-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>另外，通过微控制器的计算，精确调节<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95" title="再生制動">再生制動</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" title="电阻制动">发电制动</a>和直通空气制动之间的分配，实现优先使用电动车的电气制动的延迟控制，有助于提高整个编组的能量回收率，抑制闸瓦磨损。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jstage_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstage-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在紧急制动时，与自动广播装置的联动还可以预防车内事故。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="缺点"><span id=".E7.BC.BA.E7.82.B9"></span>缺点</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：缺点"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>传统的自动空气制动和电磁直通制动等以空气压力指令为基础的制动系统与电气指令式制动之间不能直接兼容，如果与装载了这些制动系统的车辆连结在一起，无法直接协调制动操作。因此，当与空气压力指令制动的车辆一起运行时，需要在其中一辆车上搭载称为"制动读取装置"的特殊设备，用于相互转换电气指令式制动的指令和传统制动的空气压力指令（以及电磁直通制动的电磁阀控制信号）。<sup id="cite_ref-hankyu_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hankyu-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>需要注意的是，该读取装置需要车辆供电才能使用。因此，在传统制动装置的车辆以无动力状态牵引装载了电气指令式制动的车辆（例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%9B%E9%81%8B%E9%80%81#甲種運送／無火回送" title="車輛運送">甲种输送</a>或配给输送）时，需要进行特殊措施，例如临时设立基于空气压力指令的制动装置，或者另外确保电源使读取装置正常运行。<sup id="cite_ref-hankyu_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hankyu-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>此外，与传统的自动空气制动和电磁直通制动不同，由于制动器在预先设定的特定空气压力下制动，因此如果由不熟悉车辆特性或制动器习惯的人操作，制动冲击可能会增大；使用频繁的调整动作（多次制动）来调整停车位置也可能会导致乘坐舒适度下降等问题。<sup id="cite_ref-学报_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-学报-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">電気鉄道ハンドブック編集委員会. <bdi lang="ja">電気鉄道ハンドブック</bdi>. 2021-05-13: 199-200.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.au=%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E7%B7%A8%E9%9B%86%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E4%BC%9A&rft.btitle=%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF&rft.date=2021-05-13&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=199-200&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">日本铁道车辆工业会. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231231082213/https://www.tetsushako.or.jp/pdf/mame/mame_02.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">もので、列車に引き通されたブレー</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-12-31</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tetsushako.or.jp/pdf/mame/mame_02.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2023-12-31） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">（日语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.au=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%93%81%E9%81%93%E8%BD%A6%E8%BE%86%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E4%BC%9A&rft.btitle=%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%80%81%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A%E3%81%AB%E5%BC%95%E3%81%8D%E9%80%9A%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%9F%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tetsushako.or.jp%2Fpdf%2Fmame%2Fmame_02.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jstage-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jstage_4-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jstage_4-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jstage_4-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jstage_4-3"><sup><b>3.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">中澤伸一. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sicejl/56/2/56_75/_article/-char/ja/"><bdi lang="ja">鉄道車両のブレーキ制御技術</bdi></a>. 計測と制御. 2017-02-21, <b>56</b>: 75-80 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107153521/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sicejl/56/2/56_75/_article/-char/ja/">存档</a>于2024-01-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.atitle=%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%A1%E3%81%AE%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E5%88%B6%E5%BE%A1%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E6%BE%A4+%E4%BC%B8%E4%B8%80&rft.date=2017-02-21&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%A8%88%E6%B8%AC%E3%81%A8%E5%88%B6%E5%BE%A1&rft.pages=75-80&rft.volume=56&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp%2Farticle%2Fsicejl%2F56%2F2%2F56_75%2F_article%2F-char%2Fja%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">冈木铁之助; 势登利孝. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.ndl.go.jp/view/prepareDownload?itemId=info%3Andljp%2Fpid%2F3526582&contentNo=1"><bdi lang="ja">鉄道車両ブレーキの課題と開発</bdi></a>. 三菱重工技报: 240-243. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112070853/https://dl.ndl.go.jp/view/prepareDownload?itemId=info:ndljp/pid/3526582&contentNo=1">存档</a>于2024-01-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.atitle=%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%A1%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%81%AE%E8%AA%B2%E9%A1%8C%E3%81%A8%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA&rft.au=%E5%86%88%E6%9C%A8%E9%93%81%E4%B9%8B%E5%8A%A9&rft.au=%E5%8A%BF%E7%99%BB%E5%88%A9%E5%AD%9D&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1%E9%87%8D%E5%B7%A5%E6%8A%80%E6%8A%A5&rft.pages=240-243&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.ndl.go.jp%2Fview%2FprepareDownload%3FitemId%3Dinfo%253Andljp%252Fpid%252F3526582%26contentNo%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine">宮下稔. <bdi lang="ja">京阪電鉄5扉車について</bdi>. 鉄道ピクトリアル. No. 3. 1971 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">（日语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.atitle=%E4%BA%AC%E9%98%AA%E9%9B%BB%E9%89%845%E6%89%89%E8%BB%8A%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.au=%E5%AE%AE%E4%B8%8B%E7%A8%94&rft.date=1971&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E3%83%94%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">中澤伸一. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sicejl/56/2/56_75/_article/-char/ja/"><bdi lang="ja">鉄道車両のブレーキ制御技術</bdi></a>. 計測と制御. 2017-02-21, <b>56</b>: 75-80 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107153521/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sicejl/56/2/56_75/_article/-char/ja/">存档</a>于2024-01-07）. <q>最近では，電車だけでなく気動車などにも同じ構成の「電気指令式・空気ブレーキ」を採用する車両が増えている</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.atitle=%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%A1%E3%81%AE%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E5%88%B6%E5%BE%A1%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E6%BE%A4+%E4%BC%B8%E4%B8%80&rft.date=2017-02-21&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%A8%88%E6%B8%AC%E3%81%A8%E5%88%B6%E5%BE%A1&rft.pages=75-80&rft.volume=56&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp%2Farticle%2Fsicejl%2F56%2F2%2F56_75%2F_article%2F-char%2Fja%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">鉄道コムスタッフ西中悠基. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tetsudo.com/column/696/"><bdi lang="ja">「列車分離事故」で即ブレーキ作動！　大惨事を防いだフェイルセーフシステムを解説</bdi></a>. 2023-12-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-12-31</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231231083101/https://www.tetsudo.com/column/696/">存档</a>于2023-12-31） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">（日语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.au=%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%83%E3%83%95+%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%AD%E6%82%A0%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A%E5%88%86%E9%9B%A2%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A7%E5%8D%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E4%BD%9C%E5%8B%95%EF%BC%81%E3%80%80%E5%A4%A7%E6%83%A8%E4%BA%8B%E3%82%92%E9%98%B2%E3%81%84%E3%81%A0%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E3%82%92%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC&rft.date=2023-12-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tetsudo.com%2Fcolumn%2F696%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-city-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-city_12-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-city_12-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">杨建伟; 姚德臣. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tup.com.cn/upload/books/yz/073401-01.pdf">牵引与制动指令及传输- 3.3 电气指令模式</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 城市轨道交通车辆牵引与制动. <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="清华大学出版社">清华大学出版社</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-03</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787302523475" title="Special:网络书源/9787302523475"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787302523475</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103092339/https://www.tup.com.cn/upload/books/yz/073401-01.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2024-01-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.atitle=%E7%89%B5%E5%BC%95%E4%B8%8E%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%8F%8A%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93-+3.3+%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F&rft.au=%E5%A7%9A%E5%BE%B7%E8%87%A3&rft.au=%E6%9D%A8%E5%BB%BA%E4%BC%9F&rft.btitle=%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E8%BD%A6%E8%BE%86%E7%89%B5%E5%BC%95%E4%B8%8E%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9787302523475&rft.pub=%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tup.com.cn%2Fupload%2Fbooks%2Fyz%2F073401-01.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">井上孝司. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mynavi.jp/techplus/article/railway_it-18/"><bdi lang="ja">デジタル式電気指令式ブレーキと電空演算の話</bdi></a>. 鉄道とIT(18) デジタル式電気指令式ブレーキと電空演算の話. 2013-03-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103093504/https://news.mynavi.jp/techplus/article/railway_it-18/">存档</a>于2024-01-03） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">（日语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.atitle=%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E5%BC%8F%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%81%A8%E9%9B%BB%E7%A9%BA%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E3%81%AE%E8%A9%B1&rft.au=%E4%BA%95%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%9D%E5%8F%B8&rft.date=2013-03-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E3%81%A8IT%2818%29+%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E5%BC%8F%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%81%A8%E9%9B%BB%E7%A9%BA%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E3%81%AE%E8%A9%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mynavi.jp%2Ftechplus%2Farticle%2Frailway_it-18%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-学报-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-学报_15-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-学报_15-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">列车制动控制模式的发展及高速列车制动. 上海铁道大学学报. 1999, <b>29</b> (12): 81-85页.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.atitle=%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%8A%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E9%93%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5&rft.pages=81-85%E9%A1%B5&rft.volume=29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rp-20-1-p72-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rp-20-1-p72_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF斉藤1970" class="citation">斉藤, 秀夫, <bdi lang="ja">8000系車両の概要</bdi>, 鉄道ピクトリアル <b>20</b> (1), 1970, <b>20</b> (1): 72–75</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.atitle=8000%E7%B3%BB%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%A1%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.aufirst=%E7%A7%80%E5%A4%AB&rft.aulast=%E6%96%89%E8%97%A4&rft.date=1970&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=%E9%89%84%E9%81%93%E3%83%94%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB&rft.pages=72-75&rft.volume=20&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tdgcxb.crec.cn/CN/abstract/abstract798.shtml">高速动车组再生制动控制系统的研究与仿真</a>. 铁道工程学报. 2012, <b>29</b> (6): 78-82页 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108024417/https://tdgcxb.crec.cn/CN/abstract/abstract798.shtml">存档</a>于2024-01-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.atitle=%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%8A%A8%E8%BD%A6%E7%BB%84%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%8E%E4%BB%BF%E7%9C%9F&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=%E9%93%81%E9%81%93%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5&rft.pages=78-82%E9%A1%B5&rft.volume=29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftdgcxb.crec.cn%2FCN%2Fabstract%2Fabstract798.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp/about/koukai/vehicle_outline/mita_6500_announce.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">三田線 6500 形車両自動放送内容リスト</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. p187. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230804041802/https://www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp/about/koukai/vehicle_outline/mita_6500_announce.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2023-08-04） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">（日语）</span>. <q>急停車します。おつかまり下さい。急停車します。おつかまり下さい</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%89%E7%94%B0%E7%B7%9A+6500+%E5%BD%A2%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%A1+%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=p187&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp%2Fabout%2Fkoukai%2Fvehicle_outline%2Fmita_6500_announce.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hankyu-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hankyu_19-0"><sup><b>14.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hankyu_19-1"><sup><b>14.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<span lang="ja">新旧様々な形式で連結運転が可能な近鉄さんは、その最たるものですね。電磁直通ブレーキと電気指令式ブレーキの読み替え装置なども積んでいるんじゃないでしょうか。</span>", <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AA%E6%80%A5%E9%9B%BB%E9%90%B5" title="阪急電鐵">阪急電鉄</a>, 2019-10-29 </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="真空制动器" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="真空ブレーキ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真空制动器（页面不存在）">真空制动器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:真空ブレーキ"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">真空ブレーキ</span></a></span>）</span></span>首先得到广泛应用，即使在自动空气制动器投入实用后，由于兼容性问题，真空制动器仍长期使用。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">大阪市交形，单独命名为为MBS，内部名称为OEC-1 型/三菱电机 MBS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">生产数量为30系的。实际上，7000型和8000型中的18辆汽车加进来的话，总数将达到240辆。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">其中，北大阪急行7000型和8000型（第一代）于1970年秋出售给大阪市交通局，并纳入该局的30系列。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">3条常用制动指令线和1条紧急制动指令线构成了大多数系统的7或8个行车制动级和1个紧急制动级。然而实际中，有很多车辆省略了一些级位，配置了5级或其他级位的常规制动。</span> </li> </ol> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B8%8F%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" title="踏面制动">踏面制动</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" title="盘式制动">盘式制动</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="手制動（页面不存在）">手制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒸氣制動（页面不存在）">蒸氣制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真空制動（页面不存在）">真空制動</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8_(%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF)" title="空气制动 (铁路)">空气制动</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%9A%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直通制動（页面不存在）">直通制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自動空氣制動（页面不存在）">自動空氣制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunze-Knorr%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunze-Knorr制動（页面不存在）">Kunze-Knorr制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%B4%E9%80%9A%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電磁直通制動（页面不存在）">電磁直通制動</a> - <a class="mw-selflink selflink">电气指令式制动</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" title="电阻制动">电阻制动</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95" title="再生制動">再生制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="引擎制動（页面不存在）">引擎制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%92%E6%B0%A3%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="排氣制動（页面不存在）">排氣制動</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%9B%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="減速器">減速器</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%A3%93%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反壓制動（页面不存在）">反壓制動</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E6%B0%94%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" title="逆气制动">蒸氣</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%A3%93%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95_(%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反壓制動 (空氣)（页面不存在）">空氣</a>） - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%A1%E6%B5%81%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" title="涡流制动">旋转涡流制动</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E8%BD%A8%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" title="磁轨制动">磁轨制动</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%A1%E6%B5%81%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8" title="涡流制动">线性涡流制动</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95" title="大氣制動">大氣制動</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">設於車外的制動裝置</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A2%E5%8B%95%E6%A5%94" class="mw-redirect" title="止動楔">止動楔</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8%E9%9D%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="制动靴（页面不存在）">制动靴</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E8%B4%A7%E8%BD%A6%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%A8%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轨道货车制动装置（页面不存在）">轨道货车制动装置</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">鐵路制動系統製造商</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%94%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="克诺尔集团">克诺尔集团</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紐約空氣制動（页面不存在）">紐約空氣制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%8B%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西屋空氣制動公司（页面不存在）">西屋空氣制動公司</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95%E5%8F%8A%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西屋制動及信號公司（页面不存在）">西屋制動及信號公司</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%8B%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西屋空气制動技術（页面不存在）">西屋空气制動技術</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="三菱電機">三菱電機</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="納博特斯克">納博特斯克</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">其他關於鐵路制動的條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%87%89%E8%8D%B7%E9%87%8D%E8%A3%9D%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="應荷重裝置（页面不存在）">應荷重裝置</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E9%80%9F%E6%AA%A2%E6%B8%AC%E8%A3%9D%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超速檢測裝置（页面不存在）">超速檢測裝置</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%A9%E6%80%A5%E8%BB%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="緩急車（页面不存在）">緩急車</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%85%E6%B0%A3%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="充氣不足（页面不存在）">充氣不足</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%94%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="純電氣制動（页面不存在）">純電氣制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E7%A9%BA%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电空协调控制（页面不存在）">电空协调控制</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="緊急制動（页面不存在）">緊急制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%91%E8%B5%B0%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滑走防止装置（页面不存在）">滑走防止装置</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%9C%E7%B5%A6%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="補給制動（页面不存在）">補給制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%91%E9%80%9F%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抑速制動（页面不存在）">抑速制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保安制動（页面不存在）">保安制動</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%95%99%E7%BD%AE%E5%88%B6%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="留置制動（页面不存在）">留置制動</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=电气指令式制动&oldid=81715864">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=电气指令式制动&oldid=81715864</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" 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