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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Creating force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creating_force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_combustion_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_combustion_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>External combustion engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_combustion_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B3_(%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="مكبس (محركات) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكبس (محركات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Por%C5%9Fen" title="Porşen – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Porşen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="পিস্টন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিস্টন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi-s%C3%BA-t%C3%B3ng" title="Phi-sú-tóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phi-sú-tóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Поршань – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Поршань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Поршань – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Поршань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Бутало – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бутало" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pist%C3%B3" title="Pistó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pistó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADst" title="Píst – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Píst" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stempel_(motordel)" title="Stempel (motordel) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stempel (motordel)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolben_(Technik)" title="Kolben (Technik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kolben (Technik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolb" title="Kolb – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kolb" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston" title="Piston – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Piston" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pist%C3%B3n" title="Pistón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pistón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%9Dto" title="Piŝto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Piŝto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistoi" title="Pistoi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pistoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="پیستون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیستون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston_(m%C3%A9canique)" title="Piston (mécanique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Piston (mécanique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pist%C3%B3n" title="Pistón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pistón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A4" title="피스톤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피스톤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Մխոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մխոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पिस्टन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पिस्टन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klip_stroja" title="Klip stroja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klip stroja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistono" title="Pistono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pistono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torak" title="Torak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Torak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimpill_(v%C3%A9lfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Stimpill (vélfræði) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stimpill (vélfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistone_(meccanica)" title="Pistone (meccanica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pistone (meccanica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%94" title="בוכנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בוכנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ಆಡುಬೆಣೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಡುಬೆಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="დგუში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დგუში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Поршень – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Поршень" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Поршень – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Поршень" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embolus" title="Embolus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Embolus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virzulis" title="Virzulis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Virzulis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugatty%C3%BA" title="Dugattyú – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dugattyú" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omboh" title="Omboh – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Omboh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ပစ်စတန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပစ်စတန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiger" title="Zuiger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zuiger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="ピストン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピストン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stempel" title="Stempel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stempel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porshen" title="Porshen – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Porshen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86" title="پسٹن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پسٹن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%82ok" title="Tłok – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tłok" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pist%C3%A3o" title="Pistão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston" title="Piston – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Piston" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Поршень – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поршень" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston" title="Piston – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Piston" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piest" title="Piest – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Piest" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="پستن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پستن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Клип (мотор) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Клип (мотор)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klip_stroja" title="Klip stroja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klip stroja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4nt%C3%A4" title="Mäntä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mäntä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolv_(maskindel)" title="Kolv (maskindel) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kolv (maskindel)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="உந்துத் தண்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உந்துத் தண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="పిస్టన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పిస్టన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A" title="ลูกสูบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลูกสูบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston" title="Piston – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Piston" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kpa_ndong" title="Kpa ndong – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kpa ndong" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Поршень – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поршень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86" title="پسٹن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پسٹن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston" title="Piston – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Piston" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%A1%9E" title="活塞 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="活塞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%A1%9E" title="活塞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="活塞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%A1%9E" title="活塞 – Chinese" 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<nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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navigation-not-searchable">For the American composer, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Piston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Piston (not yet started)">Walter Piston</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the use of the term in optics, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piston_(optics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piston (optics) (not yet started)">piston (optics)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Four_stroke_engine_diagram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Four_stroke_engine_diagram.jpg/220px-Four_stroke_engine_diagram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Four_stroke_engine_diagram.jpg/330px-Four_stroke_engine_diagram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Four_stroke_engine_diagram.jpg/440px-Four_stroke_engine_diagram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Components of a typical, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_stroke_cycle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four stroke cycle (not yet started)">four stroke cycle</a>, DOHC piston engine. (E) Exhaust <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camshaft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camshaft (not yet started)">camshaft</a>, (I) Intake camshaft, (S) <a href="/wiki/Spark_plug" title="Spark plug">Spark plug</a>, (V) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poppet_valve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poppet valve (not yet started)">Valves</a>, (P) Piston, (R) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecting_rod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Connecting rod (not yet started)">Connecting rod</a>, (C) <a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">Crankshaft</a>, (W) Water jacket for coolant flow.</figcaption></figure> <p>In general, a <b>piston</b> is a lubricated sliding <a href="/wiki/Shaft" class="mw-disambig" title="Shaft">shaft</a> that fits tightly inside the opening of a <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">cylinder</a>. Its purpose is to change the <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> enclosed by the cylinder, to exert a <a href="/wiki/Force_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Force (physics)">force</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Fluid" title="Fluid">fluid</a> inside the cylinder, to cover and uncover ports, or some combination of these. A rubber seal is sometimes used to keep the lubricate within the shaft. Due to the constant motion of the machine this seal wears quickly and should be replaced with every servicing. If the seal should break during usage there can be disastrous long lasting consequences for the machine. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creating_force">Creating force</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piston&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Creating force" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Creating force"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two ways that a piston engine can transform combustion into motive power. These are two-stroke and four-stroke. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke engine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke engine</a></div> <p>A single cylinder two-stroke engine produces power every crankshaft revolution, while a single cylinder four-stroke engine produces power once every two revolutions. Older designs of small two-stroke engines produced more pollution than four stroke engines. However, modern two-stroke designs, like the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vespa_ET2_Injection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vespa ET2 Injection (not yet started)">Vespa ET2 Injection</a> use <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuel-injection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuel-injection (not yet started)">fuel-injection</a> and are as clean as four-strokes. Large diesel two-stroke engines, as used in ships and locomotives, have always used fuel injection and produce low emissions. One of the biggest internal combustion engines in the world, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%A4rtsil%C3%A4-Sulzer_RTA96-C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C (not yet started)">Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C</a> is a two-stroke; it is bigger than most two-story houses, has pistons nearly 1 <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a> and is one of the most efficient mobile engines in existence. In theory, a four stroke engine has to be larger than a two stroke engine to produce an equivalent amount of power. Two stroke engines are becoming less common in developed countries these days, mainly due to manufacturer reluctance to invest in reducing two-stroke emissions. Traditionally, two stroke engines were reputed to need more maintenance. Even though the simplest two stroke engines have fewer moving parts, they could wear out faster than four stroke engines. However fuel-injected two-strokes achieve better engine lubrication, and cooling and reliability should improve considerably. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_combustion_engine">External combustion engine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piston&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: External combustion engine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piston&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: External combustion engine"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engine</a> is another type of piston engine. In most steam engines, the pistons are <i>double acting</i>: steam is alternately admitted to either end of the cylinder, so that every piston <a href="/wiki/Stroke_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Stroke (disambiguation)">stroke</a> produces power. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piston&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Gallery" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piston&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Gallery"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piston.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A piston"><img alt="A piston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Piston.jpg/120px-Piston.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Piston.jpg/180px-Piston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Piston.jpg/240px-Piston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A piston</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; 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