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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_Decay_Probability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_Decay_Probability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nuclear Decay Probability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_Decay_Probability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developing_the_Decay_Expression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developing_the_Decay_Expression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Developing the Decay Expression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Developing_the_Decay_Expression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radioactive_Decay_Constant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radioactive_Decay_Constant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Radioactive Decay Constant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radioactive_Decay_Constant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radioactive_Decay_by_Multiple_Pathways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radioactive_Decay_by_Multiple_Pathways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Radioactive Decay by Multiple Pathways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radioactive_Decay_by_Multiple_Pathways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervalproduk" title="Vervalproduk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vervalproduk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ناتج اضمحلال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناتج اضمحلال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producto_de_desintegraci%C3%B3n" title="Producto de desintegración – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Producto de desintegración" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productu_de_desintegraci%C3%B3n" title="Productu de desintegración – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Productu de desintegración" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produkt_raspada" title="Produkt raspada – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Produkt raspada" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producte_de_desintegraci%C3%B3" title="Producte de desintegració – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Producte de desintegració" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henfaldsprodukt" title="Henfaldsprodukt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Henfaldsprodukt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Decay product" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producto_de_decaimiento" title="Producto de decaimiento – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Producto de decaimiento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="محصول واپاشی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محصول واپاشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produit_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration" title="Produit de désintégration – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Produit de désintégration" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%95%EA%B4%B4_%EC%83%9D%EC%84%B1%EB%AC%BC" title="붕괴 생성물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="붕괴 생성물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Produk peluruhan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervalperduk" title="Vervalperduk – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vervalperduk" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Распаден производ – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Распаден производ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervalproduct" title="Vervalproduct – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vervalproduct" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B4%A9%E5%A3%8A%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E7%89%A9" title="崩壊生成物 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="崩壊生成物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nedbrytingsprodukt" title="Nedbrytingsprodukt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nedbrytingsprodukt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfallsprodukt" title="Verfallsprodukt – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Verfallsprodukt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produkt_rozpadu" title="Produkt rozpadu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Produkt rozpadu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produto_de_decaimento" title="Produto de decaimento – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Produto de decaimento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produs_de_dezintegrare" title="Produs de dezintegrare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Produs de dezintegrare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Decay product" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produkt_raspada" title="Produkt raspada – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Produkt raspada" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6nderfallsprodukt" title="Sönderfallsprodukt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sönderfallsprodukt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="சிதைவு விளைபொருள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிதைவு விளைபொருள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="రేడియోధార్మిక క్షయ ఉత్పత్తి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రేడియోధార్మిక క్షయ ఉత్పత్తి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="ผลผลิตจากการสลาย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผลผลิตจากการสลาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bozunma_%C3%BCr%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Bozunma ürünü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bozunma ürünü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BA%A3n_ph%E1%BA%A9m_ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3" title="Sản phẩm phân rã – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sản phẩm phân rã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="衰变产物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8538344">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output 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.mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-Complex plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> used in this article or section <b>may not be easy for everybody to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help Wikipedia by reading <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_write_Simple_English_pages" title="Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages">Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages</a>, then simplifying the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When an unstable <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">atomic nucleus</a> undergoes <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a> <a href="/wiki/Decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Decay">decay</a>, it makes a <b>decay product</b>. This product is the remaining <a href="/wiki/Nuclide" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclide">nuclide</a> left over after the decay process. Decay often occurs in a order called a decay chain, where one nuclide changes into another through a series of steps.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>-238 decays to <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a>-234, which further decays to <a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">protactinium</a>-234m, and so on, until it reaches a stable <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotope</a> like lead-206. These decay products are crucial for understanding radioactivity and managing radioactive waste. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuclear_Decay_Probability">Nuclear Decay Probability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_product&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Nuclear Decay Probability" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_product&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Nuclear Decay Probability"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Radioactive decay is a process which depends upon the instability of the particular <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotope">radioisotope</a>, but which for any given nucleus in a sample is completely unpredictable. The decay process and the observed half-life dependence of radioactivity can be assumed by assuming that single nuclear decays are purely random events.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Developing_the_Decay_Expression">Developing the Decay Expression</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_product&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Developing the Decay Expression" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_product&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Developing the Decay Expression"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although radioactive decay involves specific events of nuclear disintegration, the number of events is so large that it can be treated like a continuum and the methods of calculus employed to predict the behavior. This can be integrated directly to give ln N = -λt + C where C is a constant of <a href="/wiki/Integration" class="mw-disambig" title="Integration">integration</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radioactive_Decay_Constant">Radioactive Decay Constant</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_product&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Radioactive Decay Constant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_product&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Radioactive Decay Constant"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rate of radioactive decay is typically shown in terms of either the radioactive half-life, or the radioactive decay constant. The decay constant is also sometimes called the disintegration constant. The half-life and the <a href="/wiki/Decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Decay">decay</a> constant give the same information, so may be used to <a href="/wiki/Characterization" title="Characterization">characterize</a> decay. Another useful concept in radioactive decay is the average lifetime. The average lifetime is the reciprocal of the decay constant as defined here. </p><p>For example, free <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a> decay with a halflife of about 10.3 minutes. This corresponds to a decay constant of .067/min and an average lifetime of 14.8 minutes or 890 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radioactive_Decay_by_Multiple_Pathways">Radioactive Decay by Multiple Pathways</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_product&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Radioactive Decay by Multiple Pathways" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_product&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Radioactive Decay by Multiple Pathways"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Often a radioactive nucleus will decay by two or more pathways, yielding different final products. If there are two modes, leading to products a and b, then we can represent the decay rates by these two modes by partial decay constants λ<sub>a</sub> and λ<sub>b.</sub>Note that the individual decay constants λa and λb never appear in the exponential. Both processes continue to proceed and the rate of decay is determined by the sum of their decay constants. This process can be extended to more pathways if all proceed from the same parent nucleus. </p><p>If you sought to use the measured population of the <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> to date a sample, you would not have access to the value N0 of the parent isotope and would need to recast the above expressions in terms of the current measured value N of the parent. This is the approach taken in potassium-argon dating where there are decay modes to both argon and calcium.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_product&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decay_product&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Nuclear/halfli2.html">"Radioactive Half-Life"</a>. <i>hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu&rft.atitle=Radioactive+Half-Life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu%2Fhbase%2FNuclear%2Fhalfli2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ADecay+product" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2024" class="citation web cs1">Watson, Elaine (2024-06-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agfundernews.com/ripelocker-strikes-deal-with-global-berry-producer-agrovision-to-roll-out-shelf-life-extension-tech">"Ripelocker strikes deal with global berry producer Agrovision to roll out shelf-life extension tech"</a>. <i>AgFunderNews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AgFunderNews&rft.atitle=Ripelocker+strikes+deal+with+global+berry+producer+Agrovision+to+roll+out+shelf-life+extension+tech&rft.date=2024-06-11&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagfundernews.com%2Fripelocker-strikes-deal-with-global-berry-producer-agrovision-to-roll-out-shelf-life-extension-tech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ADecay+product" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dairyfoods.com/articles/97377-ingredient-suppliers-highlight-the-latest-sweeteners">"Ingredient suppliers highlight the latest sweeteners | Dairy Foods"</a>. <i>www.dairyfoods.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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