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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Clinical findings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_findings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical findings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_findings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hospital_admissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospital_admissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Hospital admissions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospital_admissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prognosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prognosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Prognosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prognosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Legal issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Religious views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.4</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.5</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alcohol intoxication</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoholbedwelming" title="Alkoholbedwelming – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alkoholbedwelming" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%85_%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="تسمم كحولي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسمم كحولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ап’яненьне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ап’яненьне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ར་བཟི་བ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ར་བཟི་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezventi" title="Mezventi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mezventi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intoxicaci%C3%B3_alcoh%C3%B2lica" title="Intoxicació alcohòlica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Intoxicació alcohòlica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opilost" title="Opilost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Opilost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beruselse" title="Beruselse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Beruselse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoholvergiftung" title="Alkoholvergiftung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alkoholvergiftung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoholijoove" title="Alkoholijoove – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alkoholijoove" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imberi%C3%AAg" title="Imberiêg – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Imberiêg" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebriedad" title="Ebriedad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ebriedad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrio" title="Ebrio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ebrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozkor" title="Mozkor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mozkor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="مستی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مستی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivresse" title="Ivresse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ivresse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dronkenskip" title="Dronkenskip – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dronkenskip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embriaguez" title="Embriaguez – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Embriaguez" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%BD%94%EC%98%AC_%EC%A4%91%EB%8F%85" title="알코올 중독 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알코올 중독" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ալկոհոլային հարբեցում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալկոհոլային հարբեցում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="अल्कोहल पॉइज़निंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल्कोहल पॉइज़निंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabuk" title="Mabuk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mabuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrietate" title="Ebrietate – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ebrietate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8B%E1%92%AA%E1%90%83%E1%94%AA%E1%96%85" title="ᐋᒪᐃᔪᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐋᒪᐃᔪᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubriachezza" title="Ubriachezza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ubriachezza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שכרות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שכרות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrietas" title="Ebrietas – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ebrietas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkohola_reibums" title="Alkohola reibums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alkohola reibums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciocca" title="Ciocca – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ciocca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dronkenschap" title="Dronkenschap – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dronkenschap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92" title="急性アルコール中毒 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="急性アルコール中毒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%95%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%BE" title="ଆଲକ‌ହଲ ନିଶା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଲକ‌ହଲ ନିଶା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nietrze%C5%BAwo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Nietrzeźwość – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nietrzeźwość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intoxica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_alco%C3%B3lica" title="Intoxicação alcoólica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Intoxicação alcoólica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C8%9Bie" title="Beție – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Beție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Алкогольное опьянение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алкогольное опьянение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alcohol intoxication" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intoksikimi_me_alkool" title="Intoksikimi me alkool – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Intoksikimi me alkool" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebbrizza" title="Ebbrizza 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Drunk" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Drunk_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Drunk (disambiguation)">Drunk (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Alcohol intoxication</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Inebriation, drunkenness, ethanol intoxication, internal damage by alcohol<sup id="cite_ref-Gar2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gar2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gup2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gup2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelangelo_drunken_Noah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Michelangelo_drunken_Noah.jpg/220px-Michelangelo_drunken_Noah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Michelangelo_drunken_Noah.jpg/330px-Michelangelo_drunken_Noah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Michelangelo_drunken_Noah.jpg/440px-Michelangelo_drunken_Noah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="751" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>The Drunkenness of Noah</i> by <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, 1509</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Toxicology" title="Toxicology">Toxicology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">psychiatry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Symptoms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Mild</b>: Mild <a href="/wiki/Sedation" title="Sedation">sedation</a>, decreased coordination<sup id="cite_ref-Mer2018_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mer2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Moderate</b>: <a href="/wiki/Dysarthria" title="Dysarthria">Slurred speech</a>, trouble walking, vomiting<sup id="cite_ref-Mer2018_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mer2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Severe</b>: <a href="/wiki/Hypoventilation" title="Hypoventilation">Decreased effort to breathe</a>, coma<sup id="cite_ref-Mer2018_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mer2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Complication_(medicine)" title="Complication (medicine)">Complications</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seizures" class="mw-redirect" title="Seizures">Seizures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aspiration_pneumonia" title="Aspiration pneumonia">aspiration pneumonia</a>, injuries, <a href="/wiki/Hypoglycemia" title="Hypoglycemia">low blood sugar</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mer2018_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mer2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NHS2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHS2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Usual onset</th><td class="infobox-data">Over minutes to hours<sup id="cite_ref-DSM5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">Several hours<sup id="cite_ref-DSM5_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Causes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Risk_factor" title="Risk factor">Risk factors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Social environment, <a href="/wiki/Impulsivity" title="Impulsivity">impulsivity</a>, alcoholism<sup id="cite_ref-DSM5_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mayo2019_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Diagnostic method</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Typically based on history of events and <a href="/wiki/Physical_examination" title="Physical examination">physical examination</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Differential_diagnosis" title="Differential diagnosis">Differential diagnosis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_encephalopathy" title="Hepatic encephalopathy">Hepatic encephalopathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wernicke_encephalopathy" title="Wernicke encephalopathy">Wernicke encephalopathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methanol_toxicity" title="Methanol toxicity">methanol toxicity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">meningitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury" title="Traumatic brain injury">traumatic brain injury</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Treatment</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supportive_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Supportive care">Supportive care</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Very common</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2,200 per year (U.S.)<sup id="cite_ref-Kan2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kan2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alcohol intoxication</b>, commonly described in higher doses as <b>drunkenness</b> or <b>inebriation</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and known in <a href="/wiki/Overdose" class="mw-redirect" title="Overdose">overdose</a> as <b>alcohol poisoning</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gar2007_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gar2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the behavior and physical effects caused by recent consumption of <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The technical term <i>intoxication</i> in common speech may suggest that a large amount of alcohol has been consumed, leading to accompanying physical symptoms and deleterious health effects. Mild intoxication is mostly referred to by slang terms such as <i>tipsy</i> or <i>buzzed</i>. In addition to the <a href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">toxicity</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>, the main <a href="/wiki/Psychoactive_drug" title="Psychoactive drug">psychoactive</a> component of alcoholic beverages, other physiological symptoms may arise from the activity of <a href="/wiki/Acetaldehyde" title="Acetaldehyde">acetaldehyde</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">metabolite</a> of alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These effects may not arise until hours after ingestion and may contribute to a condition colloquially known as a <a href="/wiki/Hangover" title="Hangover">hangover</a>. </p><p>Symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Substance_intoxication" title="Substance intoxication">intoxication</a> at lower doses may include mild <a href="/wiki/Sedation" title="Sedation">sedation</a> and poor coordination.<sup id="cite_ref-Mer2018_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mer2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At higher doses, there may be slurred speech, <a href="/wiki/Ataxia#Exogenous_substances_(metabolic_ataxia)" title="Ataxia">trouble walking</a>, and vomiting.<sup id="cite_ref-Mer2018_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mer2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extreme doses may result in a <a href="/wiki/Hypoventilation" title="Hypoventilation">respiratory depression</a>, coma, or death.<sup id="cite_ref-Mer2018_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mer2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Complications may include <a href="/wiki/Seizures" class="mw-redirect" title="Seizures">seizures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aspiration_pneumonia" title="Aspiration pneumonia">aspiration pneumonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypoglycemia" title="Hypoglycemia">low blood sugar</a>, and injuries or self-harm such as <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mer2018_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mer2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NHS2018_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHS2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcohol intoxication can lead to <a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime" title="Alcohol-related crime">alcohol-related crime</a> with perpetrators more likely to be intoxicated than victims.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alcohol intoxication typically begins after two or more <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">alcoholic drinks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DSM5_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcohol has the potential for abuse. Risk factors include a social situation where heavy drinking is common and a person having an impulsive personality.<sup id="cite_ref-DSM5_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diagnosis is usually based on the history of events and physical examination.<sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verification of events by witnesses may be useful.<sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legally, alcohol intoxication is often defined as a <a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood alcohol concentration">blood alcohol concentration</a> (BAC) of greater than 5.4–17.4 mmol/L (25–80 mg/dL or 0.025–0.080%).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be measured by blood or <a href="/wiki/Breathalyzer" title="Breathalyzer">breath testing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DSM5_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcohol is broken down in the human body at a rate of about 3.3 mmol/L (15 mg/dL) per hour,<sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> depending on an individual's <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolic rate">metabolic rate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/DSM-5" title="DSM-5">DSM-5</a> defines alcohol intoxication as at least one of the following symptoms that developed during or close after alcohol ingestion: slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady walking/movement, nystagmus (uncontrolled eye movement), attention or memory impairment, or near unconsciousness or coma.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Management of alcohol intoxication involves supportive care.<sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically this includes putting the person in the recovery position, keeping the person warm, and making sure breathing is sufficient.<sup id="cite_ref-NHS2018_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHS2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gastric_lavage" title="Gastric lavage">Gastric lavage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal" class="mw-redirect" title="Activated charcoal">activated charcoal</a> have not been found to be useful.<sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Repeated assessments may be required to rule out other potential causes of a person's symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acute intoxication has been documented throughout history, and alcohol remains one of the world's most widespread <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational drug">recreational drugs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some religions, such as Islam, consider alcohol intoxication to be a sin.<sup id="cite_ref-DSM5_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symptoms">Symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption" title="Short-term effects of alcohol consumption">Short-term effects of alcohol consumption</a></div> <ul><li>Vomiting<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Slow Breathing (fewer than eight breaths per minute)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Seizures<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Blue, grey or pale skin<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hypothermia (Low Body Temperature)<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lethargy (Trouble staying conscious)<sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_wine_is_a_mocker_1663-1664_Jan_Steen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_wine_is_a_mocker_1663-1664_Jan_Steen.jpg/310px-The_wine_is_a_mocker_1663-1664_Jan_Steen.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_wine_is_a_mocker_1663-1664_Jan_Steen.jpg/465px-The_wine_is_a_mocker_1663-1664_Jan_Steen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_wine_is_a_mocker_1663-1664_Jan_Steen.jpg/620px-The_wine_is_a_mocker_1663-1664_Jan_Steen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1957" data-file-height="1611" /></a><figcaption><i>Wine is a Mocker</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Steen" title="Jan Steen">Jan Steen</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1663</figcaption></figure> <p>Alcohol intoxication leads to negative health effects due to the recent drinking of large amount of <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> (alcohol).<sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When severe it may become a <a href="/wiki/Medical_emergency" title="Medical emergency">medical emergency</a>. Some effects of alcohol intoxication, such as euphoria and lowered <a href="/wiki/Social_inhibition" title="Social inhibition">social inhibition</a>, are central to alcohol's desirability.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As drinking increases, people become sleepy or fall into a <a href="/wiki/Stupor" title="Stupor">stupor</a>. At very high <a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood alcohol concentration">blood alcohol concentrations</a>, for example above 0.3%, the respiratory system becomes depressed and the person may stop breathing.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comatose patients may aspirate their vomit (resulting in vomitus in the lungs, which may cause "drowning" and later <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> if survived). CNS depression and impaired motor coordination along with poor judgment increase the likelihood of accidental injury occurring. It is estimated that about one-third of alcohol-related deaths are due to accidents and another 14% are from intentional injury.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to respiratory failure and accidents caused by its effects on the central nervous system, alcohol causes significant metabolic derangements. <a href="/wiki/Hypoglycaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoglycaemia">Hypoglycaemia</a> occurs due to ethanol's inhibition of <a href="/wiki/Gluconeogenesis" title="Gluconeogenesis">gluconeogenesis</a>, especially in children, and may cause <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acidosis" title="Lactic acidosis">lactic acidosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ketoacidosis" title="Ketoacidosis">ketoacidosis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Acute_kidney_injury" title="Acute kidney injury">acute kidney injury</a>. Metabolic acidosis is compounded by respiratory failure. Patients may also present with hypothermia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pathophysiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Five_stages_of_inebriation,_ca.1863-1868)_-_photographer_Charles_Percy_Pickering_(9610229733)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%28Five_stages_of_inebriation%2C_ca.1863-1868%29_-_photographer_Charles_Percy_Pickering_%289610229733%29_%282%29.jpg/220px-%28Five_stages_of_inebriation%2C_ca.1863-1868%29_-_photographer_Charles_Percy_Pickering_%289610229733%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%28Five_stages_of_inebriation%2C_ca.1863-1868%29_-_photographer_Charles_Percy_Pickering_%289610229733%29_%282%29.jpg/330px-%28Five_stages_of_inebriation%2C_ca.1863-1868%29_-_photographer_Charles_Percy_Pickering_%289610229733%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%28Five_stages_of_inebriation%2C_ca.1863-1868%29_-_photographer_Charles_Percy_Pickering_%289610229733%29_%282%29.jpg/440px-%28Five_stages_of_inebriation%2C_ca.1863-1868%29_-_photographer_Charles_Percy_Pickering_%289610229733%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="4200" /></a><figcaption>Stage three of the five stages of inebriation, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1863–1868, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Percy_Pickering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Percy Pickering (page does not exist)">Charles Percy Pickering</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pharmacology_of_ethanol" title="Pharmacology of ethanol">Pharmacology of ethanol</a></div> <p>Alcohol is <a href="/wiki/Metabolized" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolized">metabolized</a> by a normal <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> at the rate of about 8 grams of pure <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> per hour. 8 grams or 10 mL (0.34 US fl oz) is one British <a href="/wiki/Unit_of_alcohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit of alcohol">standard unit</a>. An "abnormal" liver with conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">hepatitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gall_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gall bladder">gall bladder</a> disease, and <a href="/wiki/Liver_cancer" title="Liver cancer">cancer</a> is likely to result in a slower rate of metabolism.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content" title="Blood alcohol content">Blood alcohol content</a></div> <p>Alcohol intoxication is described as a <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abnormal_behaviour" class="mw-redirect" title="Abnormal behaviour">behavioural</a> <a href="/wiki/Disorder_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Disorder (medicine)">disorder</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases" title="International Classification of Diseases">International Classification of Diseases</a>. (<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">ICD-10</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Definitive <a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">diagnosis</a> relies on a blood test for alcohol, usually performed as part of a <a href="/wiki/Toxicology" title="Toxicology">toxicology</a> screen. <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_officer" title="Law enforcement officer">Law enforcement officers</a> in the United States and other countries often use <a href="/wiki/Breathalyzer" title="Breathalyzer">breathalyzer</a> units and <a href="/wiki/Field_sobriety_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Field sobriety test">field sobriety tests</a> as more convenient and rapid alternatives to blood tests.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also various models of breathalyzer units that are available for consumer use. Because these may have varying reliability and may produce different results than the tests used for law-enforcement purposes, the results from such devices should be conservatively interpreted. </p><p>Many informal intoxication tests exist, which, in general, are unreliable and not recommended as deterrents to excessive intoxication or as indicators of the safety of activities such as motor vehicle driving, heavy equipment operation, machine tool use, etc. </p><p>For determining whether someone is intoxicated by alcohol by some means other than a blood-alcohol test, it is necessary to rule out other conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Hypoglycemia" title="Hypoglycemia">hypoglycemia</a>, stroke, usage of other intoxicants, mental health issues, and so on. It is best if their behavior has been observed while the subject is sober to establish a baseline. Several well-known criteria can be used to establish a probable diagnosis. For a physician in the acute-treatment setting, acute alcohol intoxication can mimic other acute neurological disorders or is frequently combined with other <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational drug">recreational drugs</a> that complicate diagnosis and treatment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Acute alcohol poisoning is a <a href="/wiki/Medical_emergency" title="Medical emergency">medical emergency</a> due to the risk of death from <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory depression">respiratory depression</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aspiration_pneumonia" title="Aspiration pneumonia">aspiration of vomit</a> if vomiting occurs while the person is unresponsive. Emergency treatment strives to stabilize and maintain an open airway and sufficient breathing while waiting for the alcohol to metabolize. This can be done by removal of any vomit or, if the person is unconscious or has impaired <a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_reflex" title="Pharyngeal reflex">gag reflex</a>, intubation of the trachea.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other measures may include </p> <ul><li>Administer the vitamin <a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">thiamine</a> to prevent <a href="/wiki/Wernicke%E2%80%93Korsakoff_syndrome" title="Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome">Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome</a>, which can cause a <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">seizure</a> (more usually a treatment for chronic alcoholism, but in the acute context usually co-administered to ensure maximal benefit).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemodialysis" title="Hemodialysis">Hemodialysis</a> if the blood concentration is very high at >130  mmol/L (>600 mg/dL)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Provide oxygen therapy as needed via nasal cannula or non-rebreather mask.</li> <li>Administration of intravenous fluids in cases involving <a href="/wiki/Hypoglycemia" title="Hypoglycemia">hypoglycemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electrolyte_imbalance" title="Electrolyte imbalance">electrolyte imbalance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>While the medication <a href="/wiki/Metadoxine" title="Metadoxine">metadoxine</a> may speed the breakdown of alcohol, use in alcohol intoxication requires further study as of 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Jun2014_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jun2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goh2017_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goh2017-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is approved in a number of countries in Europe, as well as India and Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-Goh2017_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goh2017-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Additional medication may be indicated for treatment of <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tremor" title="Tremor">tremor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_findings">Clinical findings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Clinical findings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hospital_admissions">Hospital admissions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hospital admissions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alcohol intoxication was found to be prevalent in clinical populations within the United States involving people treated for<sup id="cite_ref-Von2008_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Von2008-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> trauma<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the age group of people aged within their 18th–24th years (in a study of a group for the years 1999–2004).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States during the years 2010–2012, acute intoxication was found to be the direct cause of an average of 2,221 deaths, in the sample group of those aged within their 15th year or older.<sup id="cite_ref-Kan2015_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kan2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same mortality route is thought to cause indirectly more than 30,000 deaths per year.<sup id="cite_ref-DSM5_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prognosis">Prognosis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Prognosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_alcoholic_man_with_delirium_Wellcome_L0060780_(level_correction).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/An_alcoholic_man_with_delirium_Wellcome_L0060780_%28level_correction%29.jpg/220px-An_alcoholic_man_with_delirium_Wellcome_L0060780_%28level_correction%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/An_alcoholic_man_with_delirium_Wellcome_L0060780_%28level_correction%29.jpg/330px-An_alcoholic_man_with_delirium_Wellcome_L0060780_%28level_correction%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/An_alcoholic_man_with_delirium_Wellcome_L0060780_%28level_correction%29.jpg/440px-An_alcoholic_man_with_delirium_Wellcome_L0060780_%28level_correction%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4231" data-file-height="6056" /></a><figcaption>Acute confusional state caused by <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_withdrawal_syndrome" title="Alcohol withdrawal syndrome">alcohol withdrawal</a>, otherwise known as <i><a href="/wiki/Delirium_tremens" title="Delirium tremens">delirium tremens</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>A normal liver detoxifies the blood of alcohol over a period of time that depends on the initial level and the patient's overall physical condition. An abnormal liver will take longer but still succeeds, provided the alcohol does not cause <a href="/wiki/Liver_failure" title="Liver failure">liver failure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People having drunk heavily for several days or weeks may have <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_withdrawal_syndrome" title="Alcohol withdrawal syndrome">withdrawal</a> symptoms after the acute intoxication has subsided.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A person consuming a dangerous amount of alcohol persistently can develop memory blackouts and idiosyncratic intoxication or pathological drunkenness symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_alcohol" title="Long-term effects of alcohol">Long-term persistent consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol</a> can cause liver damage and have other deleterious health effects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_through_alcohol" title="List of deaths through alcohol">List of deaths through alcohol</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_intoxicated_man_drinking_beer;_advertising_Blauwe_Week_Wellcome_L0048989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/An_intoxicated_man_drinking_beer%3B_advertising_Blauwe_Week_Wellcome_L0048989.jpg/220px-An_intoxicated_man_drinking_beer%3B_advertising_Blauwe_Week_Wellcome_L0048989.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/An_intoxicated_man_drinking_beer%3B_advertising_Blauwe_Week_Wellcome_L0048989.jpg/330px-An_intoxicated_man_drinking_beer%3B_advertising_Blauwe_Week_Wellcome_L0048989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/An_intoxicated_man_drinking_beer%3B_advertising_Blauwe_Week_Wellcome_L0048989.jpg/440px-An_intoxicated_man_drinking_beer%3B_advertising_Blauwe_Week_Wellcome_L0048989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3715" data-file-height="5264" /></a><figcaption>A 1936 anti-drinking poster by <a href="/wiki/Aart_van_Dobbenburgh" title="Aart van Dobbenburgh">Aart van Dobbenburgh</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Alcohol intoxication is a <a href="/wiki/Risk_factor_(epidemiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Risk factor (epidemiology)">risk factor</a> in some cases of <a href="/wiki/Catastrophic_injury" title="Catastrophic injury">catastrophic injury</a>, in particular for unsupervised <a href="/wiki/Recreation" title="Recreation">recreational</a> activity. A study in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">epidemiological</a> data from 1986, 1989, 1992, and 1995 states that 79.2% of the 2,154 catastrophic injuries recorded for the study were preventable, of which 346 (17%) involved alcohol consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-Tator_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tator-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The activities most commonly associated with alcohol-related catastrophic injury were <a href="/wiki/Snowmobiling" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowmobiling">snowmobiling</a> (124), fishing (41), <a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving" title="Underwater diving">diving</a> (40), <a href="/wiki/Boating" title="Boating">boating</a> (31) and <a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">canoeing</a> (7), swimming (31), riding an <a href="/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">all-terrain vehicle</a> (24), and cycling (23).<sup id="cite_ref-Tator_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tator-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These events are often associated with unsupervised young males, often inexperienced in the activity, and may result in <a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">drowning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tator_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tator-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alcohol use is also associated with unsafe sex. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legal issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drunk_driving_simulator,_Montreal_by_CAA_of_Quebec.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Drunk_driving_simulator%2C_Montreal_by_CAA_of_Quebec.jpg/220px-Drunk_driving_simulator%2C_Montreal_by_CAA_of_Quebec.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Drunk_driving_simulator%2C_Montreal_by_CAA_of_Quebec.jpg/330px-Drunk_driving_simulator%2C_Montreal_by_CAA_of_Quebec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Drunk_driving_simulator%2C_Montreal_by_CAA_of_Quebec.jpg/440px-Drunk_driving_simulator%2C_Montreal_by_CAA_of_Quebec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A drunk-driving simulator in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Laws on drunkenness vary. In the United States, it is a criminal offense for a person to be <a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">drunk while driving a motorized vehicle</a>, except in <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_Wisconsin" title="Alcohol laws of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, where it is only a <a href="/wiki/Civil_infraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil infraction">fine</a> for the first offense.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also a criminal offense to fly an aircraft or (in some <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">American states</a>) to assemble or operate an <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">amusement park</a> ride while drunk.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar laws also exist in the United Kingdom and most other countries. </p><p>In some jurisdictions, it is also an offense to serve alcohol to an already-intoxicated person,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, often, alcohol can only be sold by persons qualified to serve responsibly through <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_server_training" title="Alcohol server training">alcohol server training</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content#Limits_by_country_(BAC:_Blood_Alcohol_Content)" title="Blood alcohol content">blood alcohol content</a> (BAC) for legal operation of a vehicle is typically measured as a percentage of a unit volume of blood. This percentage ranges from 0.00% in Romania and the United Arab Emirates; to 0.05% in Australia, South Africa, Germany, Scotland, and New Zealand (0.00% for underage individuals); to 0.08% in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>, the United States and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> prohibits <a href="/wiki/Aircrew" title="Aircrew">crew members</a> from performing their duties within eight hours of consuming an alcoholic beverage, while under the influence of alcohol, or with a BAC greater than 0.04%.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, <a href="/wiki/Public_intoxication" title="Public intoxication">public intoxication</a> is a crime (also known as "being drunk and disorderly" or "being drunk and incapable").<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some countries, there are special facilities, sometimes known as "<a href="/wiki/Drunk_tanks" class="mw-redirect" title="Drunk tanks">drunk tanks</a>", for the temporary detention of persons found to be drunk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_views">Religious views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religious views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christianity">Christianity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drunkenness_of_Noah_belliniFXD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Drunkenness_of_Noah_belliniFXD.jpg/220px-Drunkenness_of_Noah_belliniFXD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Drunkenness_of_Noah_belliniFXD.jpg/330px-Drunkenness_of_Noah_belliniFXD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Drunkenness_of_Noah_belliniFXD.jpg/440px-Drunkenness_of_Noah_belliniFXD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Drunkenness_of_Noah" title="Drunkenness of Noah">Drunkenness of Noah</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bellini" title="Giovanni Bellini">Giovanni Bellini</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hendrick_Goltzius_-_Lot_and_his_Daughters_-_WGA9730.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Hendrick_Goltzius_-_Lot_and_his_Daughters_-_WGA9730.jpg/220px-Hendrick_Goltzius_-_Lot_and_his_Daughters_-_WGA9730.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Hendrick_Goltzius_-_Lot_and_his_Daughters_-_WGA9730.jpg/330px-Hendrick_Goltzius_-_Lot_and_his_Daughters_-_WGA9730.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Hendrick_Goltzius_-_Lot_and_his_Daughters_-_WGA9730.jpg/440px-Hendrick_Goltzius_-_Lot_and_his_Daughters_-_WGA9730.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Lot_and_his_daughters" class="mw-redirect" title="Lot and his daughters">Lot and his daughters</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Hendrick_Goltzius" title="Hendrick Goltzius">Hendrick Goltzius</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some religious groups permit the consumption of alcohol; some permit consumption but prohibit intoxication; others prohibit any amount of alcohol consumption altogether. Many <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denominations</a> of Christianity, such as <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a>, use wine as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> and permit its consumption, but consider it sinful to become intoxicated.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Romans_13#The_day_is_at_hand_(verses_11–14)" title="Romans 13">Romans 13:13–14</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/1_Corinthians_6" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Corinthians 6">1 Corinthians 6</a>:9–11, <a href="/wiki/Galatians_5" title="Galatians 5">Galatians 5</a>:19–21<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ephesians_5#Verse_18" title="Ephesians 5">Ephesians 5:18</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are among a number of other Bible passages that speak against intoxication. </p><p>While some <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant Christian</a> denominations prohibit the consumption of alcohol<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based upon biblical passages that condemn drunkenness,<sup id="cite_ref-biblical_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biblical-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but others allow a moderate rate of consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, alcohol consumption is forbidden,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">teetotalism</a> has become a distinguishing feature of its members. <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> allow moderate alcohol consumption among its members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islam">Islam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there is a prohibition on the consumption of grape-based alcoholic beverages, and intoxication is considered an abomination in the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">schools of thought</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Islamic jurisprudence</a> have interpreted this as a strict prohibition of the consumption of all types of alcohol and declared it to be <i><a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">haram</a></i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">forbidden [in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>]</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), although other uses may be permitted.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_%283%29.jpg/220px-Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_%283%29.jpg/330px-Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_%283%29.jpg/440px-Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2398" /></a><figcaption>Drunken <a href="/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)" title="Xian (Taoism)">Immortal</a> supported and escorted by a demon, by Guo Xu, <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> China.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, in general, the consumption of intoxicants is discouraged for both monastics and lay followers. Many Buddhists observe a basic code of ethics known as the <a href="/wiki/Five_precepts" title="Five precepts">five precepts</a>, of which the fifth precept is an undertaking to refrain from the consumption of intoxicating substances<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (except <a href="/wiki/Alcohols_(medicine)" title="Alcohols (medicine)">for medical reasons</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva_vow" title="Bodhisattva vow"><i>bodhisattva</i> vows</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Brahmaj%C4%81la_S%C5%ABtra" title="Brahmajāla Sūtra">Brahmajala Sutra</a></i>, observed by <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana Buddhist</a> communities, distribution of intoxicants is likewise discouraged, as well as consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Gaudiya Vaishnavism</a> branch of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, one of the four regulative principles forbids the taking of intoxicants, including alcohol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judaism">Judaism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Phillip_Medhurst_Picture_Torah_104._Lot_and_his_daughters._Genesis_cap_19_vv_31-32._Drevet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/The_Phillip_Medhurst_Picture_Torah_104._Lot_and_his_daughters._Genesis_cap_19_vv_31-32._Drevet.jpg/220px-The_Phillip_Medhurst_Picture_Torah_104._Lot_and_his_daughters._Genesis_cap_19_vv_31-32._Drevet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/The_Phillip_Medhurst_Picture_Torah_104._Lot_and_his_daughters._Genesis_cap_19_vv_31-32._Drevet.jpg/330px-The_Phillip_Medhurst_Picture_Torah_104._Lot_and_his_daughters._Genesis_cap_19_vv_31-32._Drevet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/The_Phillip_Medhurst_Picture_Torah_104._Lot_and_his_daughters._Genesis_cap_19_vv_31-32._Drevet.jpg/440px-The_Phillip_Medhurst_Picture_Torah_104._Lot_and_his_daughters._Genesis_cap_19_vv_31-32._Drevet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2517" data-file-height="1862" /></a><figcaption>Drunken <a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a> and his daughters, from an illustrated Torah</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Bible, the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Book of Proverbs</a> contains several chapters related to the negative effects of drunkenness and warns to stay away from <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">intoxicating beverages</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> refers to the use of wine by <a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_daughters" title="Lot's daughters">Lot's daughters</a> to rape him. The story of <a href="/wiki/Samson" title="Samson">Samson</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Book of Judges</a> tells of a monk from the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Dan" title="Tribe of Dan">Israelite tribe of Dan</a> who, as a <a href="/wiki/Nazirite" title="Nazirite">Nazirite</a>, is prohibited from cutting his hair and drinking wine.<sup id="cite_ref-biblical_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biblical-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Proverbs_31#The_words_of_Lemuel_(31:1–9)" title="Proverbs 31">Proverbs 31:4</a> warns against kings and other rulers drinking wine and similar alcoholic beverages, Proverbs 31:6–7 promotes giving such beverages to the perishing and wine to those whose lives are bitter as a coping mechanism against the likes of poverty and other troubles.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Judaism, in accordance with the biblical stance against drinking,<sup id="cite_ref-biblical_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biblical-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> drinking wine is restricted for priests.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The biblical command to sanctify the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a> and other holidays has been interpreted as having three ceremonial meals with wine or <a href="/wiki/Grape_juice" title="Grape juice">grape juice</a>, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Kiddush</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Jewish marriage ceremonies</a> end with the bride and groom drinking a shared cup of wine after reciting <a href="/wiki/Sheva_Brachot" title="Sheva Brachot">seven blessings</a>; this occurs after a fasting day in some <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a> traditions. It has been customary and in many cases even mandated to drink moderately so as to stay <a href="/wiki/Sobriety" title="Sobriety">sober</a>, and only after the prayers are over.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder" title="Passover Seder">Seder</a> on <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>, there is an obligation to drink four ceremonial cups of wine while reciting the <a href="/wiki/Haggadah" title="Haggadah">Haggadah</a>. It has been assumed as the source of the wine-drinking ritual at communion in some Christian groups.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a>, there is an obligation to become intoxicated; however, as with many other decrees, this has been avoided in many communities by allowing sleep during the day as a replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">U.S. Prohibition era</a> in the 1920s, a <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform Judaism</a> movement proposed using grape juice for the ritual instead of wine. Although refuted at first, the practice became widely accepted by <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">orthodox Jews</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the film <i><a href="/wiki/Animals_Are_Beautiful_People" title="Animals Are Beautiful People">Animals Are Beautiful People</a></i>, an entire section was dedicated to showing many different animals including monkeys, elephants, hogs, giraffes, and ostriches, eating over-ripe <a href="/wiki/Sclerocarya_birrea" title="Sclerocarya birrea">marula</a> tree fruit causing them to sway and lose their footing in a manner similar to human drunkenness.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Birds may become intoxicated with fermented berries and some die colliding with hard objects when flying under the influence.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In elephant warfare, practiced by the Greeks during the <a href="/wiki/Maccabean_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Maccabean revolt">Maccabean revolt</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Punic_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic wars">Punic wars</a>, it has been recorded that the elephants would be given wine before the attack, and only then would they charge forward after being agitated by their driver.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is a regular practice to give small amounts of beer to race horses in Ireland. Ruminant farm animals have natural fermentation occurring in their stomach, and adding alcoholic beverages in small amounts to their drink will generally do them no harm, and will not cause them to become drunk. </p><p>Alcoholic beverages are extremely harmful to dogs,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and often for reasons of additives such as <a href="/wiki/Xylitol" title="Xylitol">xylitol</a>, an artificial sweetener in some mixers. Dogs can absorb ethyl alcohol in dangerous amounts through their skin as well as through drinking the liquid or consuming it in foods. Even fermenting bread dough can be dangerous to dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, one of the royal footmen for Britain's Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> was demoted from <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> due to his "party trick" of <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Finn_(drugs)" title="Mickey Finn (drugs)">spiking the meals and drinks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_corgis" title="Royal corgis">Queen's pet corgi dogs</a> with alcohol which in turn would lead the dogs to run around drunk.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/18px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/24px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_of_Serious_Drinking" title="A Night of Serious Drinking">A Night of Serious Drinking</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_sex" title="Alcohol and sex">Alcohol and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_enema" title="Alcohol enema">Alcohol enema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_flush_reaction" title="Alcohol flush reaction">Alcohol flush reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram-alcohol_reaction" title="Disulfiram-alcohol reaction">Disulfiram-alcohol reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">Driving under the influence</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_vino_veritas" title="In vino veritas">In vino veritas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-term effects of alcohol consumption">Long-term effects of alcohol consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_drink#Low-alcoholic_drink" title="Non-alcoholic drink">Low alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption" title="Short-term effects of alcohol consumption">Short-term effects of alcohol consumption</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gar2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gar2007_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gar2007_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGarfunkelKaczorowskiChristy2007" class="citation book cs1">Garfunkel, Lynn C.; Kaczorowski, Jeffrey; Christy, Cynthia (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pwajBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA13"><i>Pediatric Clinical Advisor E-Book: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment</i></a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780323070584" title="Special:BookSources/9780323070584"><bdi>9780323070584</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pediatric+Clinical+Advisor+E-Book%3A+Instant+Diagnosis+and+Treatment&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780323070584&rft.aulast=Garfunkel&rft.aufirst=Lynn+C.&rft.au=Kaczorowski%2C+Jeffrey&rft.au=Christy%2C+Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpwajBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gup2016-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gup2016_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta2016" class="citation book cs1">Gupta, P. K. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u3mLCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA226"><i>Fundamentals of Toxicology: Essential Concepts and Applications</i></a>. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-805403-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-805403-1"><bdi>978-0-12-805403-1</bdi></a>. <q>Alcohol poisoning presents in two forms, acute and chronic. 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SAGE Publications. p. PT21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781483355429" title="Special:BookSources/9781483355429"><bdi>9781483355429</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drugs%2C+Crime%2C+and+Justice&rft.pages=PT21&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781483355429&rft.aulast=Belenko&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Spohn%2C+Cassia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw3pZDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2014" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Scott C. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R9i5BgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1382"><i>The SAGE Encyclopedia of Alcohol: Social, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives</i></a>. SAGE Publications. p. PT1382. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781483374383" title="Special:BookSources/9781483374383"><bdi>9781483374383</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SAGE+Encyclopedia+of+Alcohol%3A+Social%2C+Cultural%2C+and+Historical+Perspectives&rft.pages=PT1382&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781483374383&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Scott+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR9i5BgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT1382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolig2012" class="citation book cs1">Kolig, Erich (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c3iEBiWQOBwC&pg=PA101"><i>Conservative Islam: A Cultural Anthropology</i></a>. Lexington Books. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739174258" title="Special:BookSources/9780739174258"><bdi>9780739174258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservative+Islam%3A+A+Cultural+Anthropology&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780739174258&rft.aulast=Kolig&rft.aufirst=Erich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc3iEBiWQOBwC%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatham2022" class="citation web cs1">Latham, Katherine (11 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/dec/11/alcohol-affects-every-organ-hangovers-and-how-to-survive-them">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Alcohol affects every organ': hangovers and how to survive them"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Alcohol+affects+every+organ%27%3A+hangovers+and+how+to+survive+them&rft.date=2022-12-11&rft.aulast=Latham&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2022%2Fdec%2F11%2Falcohol-affects-every-organ-hangovers-and-how-to-survive-them&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudley2014" class="citation book cs1">Dudley, Robert (May 2014). <i>The drunken monkey: why we drink and abuse alcohol</i>. Berkeley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-95817-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-95817-3"><bdi>978-0-520-95817-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/869457130">869457130</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+drunken+monkey%3A+why+we+drink+and+abuse+alcohol&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.date=2014-05&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F869457130&rft.isbn=978-0-520-95817-3&rft.aulast=Dudley&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070505032342/http://www.alcohol.vt.edu/Students/alcoholEffects/index.htm">"Students > Alcohol Effects"</a>. <i>Virginia Tech</i>. 5 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virginia+Tech&rft.atitle=Students+%3E+Alcohol+Effects&rft.date=2007-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070505032342%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.alcohol.vt.edu%2FStudents%2FalcoholEffects%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The World Health Organization (2007) Alcohol and Injury in Emergency Departments</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/853.aspx">"How long does alcohol stay in your blood?"</a>. NHS Choices. 26 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+long+does+alcohol+stay+in+your+blood%3F&rft.pub=NHS+Choices&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2Fchq%2FPages%2F853.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drs; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSartoriusHendersonStrotzkaLipowski" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Sartorius" title="Norman Sartorius">Sartorius, Norman</a>; Henderson, A.S.; Strotzka, H.; Lipowski, Z.; Yu-cun, Shen; You-xin, Xu; Strömgren, E.; Glatzel, J.; Kühne, G.-E.; Misès, R.; Soldatos, C.R.; Pull, C.B.; Giel, R.; Jegede, R.; Malt, U.; Nadzharov, R.A.; Smulevitch, A.B.; Hagberg, B.; Perris, C.; Scharfetter, C.; Clare, A.; Cooper, J.E.; Corbett, J.A.; Griffith Edwards, J.; Gelder, M.; Goldberg, D.; Gossop, M.; Graham, P.; Kendell, R.E.; Marks, I.; Russell, G.; Rutter, M.; Shepherd, M.; West, D.J.; Wing, J.; Wing, L.; Neki, J.S.; Benson, F.; Cantwell, D.; Guze, S.; Helzer, J.; Holzman, P.; Kleinman, A.; Kupfer, D.J.; Mezzich, J.; Spitzer, R.; Lokar, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf">"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. bluebook.doc. p. 65. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041017011412/http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 October 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ICD-10+Classification+of+Mental+and+Behavioural+Disorders+Clinical+descriptions+and+diagnostic+guidelines&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.aulast=Sartorius&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.au=Henderson%2C+A.S.&rft.au=Strotzka%2C+H.&rft.au=Lipowski%2C+Z.&rft.au=Yu-cun%2C+Shen&rft.au=You-xin%2C+Xu&rft.au=Str%C3%B6mgren%2C+E.&rft.au=Glatzel%2C+J.&rft.au=K%C3%BChne%2C+G.-E.&rft.au=Mis%C3%A8s%2C+R.&rft.au=Soldatos%2C+C.R.&rft.au=Pull%2C+C.B.&rft.au=Giel%2C+R.&rft.au=Jegede%2C+R.&rft.au=Malt%2C+U.&rft.au=Nadzharov%2C+R.A.&rft.au=Smulevitch%2C+A.B.&rft.au=Hagberg%2C+B.&rft.au=Perris%2C+C.&rft.au=Scharfetter%2C+C.&rft.au=Clare%2C+A.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+J.E.&rft.au=Corbett%2C+J.A.&rft.au=Griffith+Edwards%2C+J.&rft.au=Gelder%2C+M.&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+D.&rft.au=Gossop%2C+M.&rft.au=Graham%2C+P.&rft.au=Kendell%2C+R.E.&rft.au=Marks%2C+I.&rft.au=Russell%2C+G.&rft.au=Rutter%2C+M.&rft.au=Shepherd%2C+M.&rft.au=West%2C+D.J.&rft.au=Wing%2C+J.&rft.au=Wing%2C+L.&rft.au=Neki%2C+J.S.&rft.au=Benson%2C+F.&rft.au=Cantwell%2C+D.&rft.au=Guze%2C+S.&rft.au=Helzer%2C+J.&rft.au=Holzman%2C+P.&rft.au=Kleinman%2C+A.&rft.au=Kupfer%2C+D.J.&rft.au=Mezzich%2C+J.&rft.au=Spitzer%2C+R.&rft.au=Lokar%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fclassifications%2Ficd%2Fen%2Fbluebook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.54620">"Random breath testing – Data by country"</a>. 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(24 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32965003/">"Role of first aid in the management of acute alcohol intoxication: a narrative review"</a>. <i>European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences</i>. <b>24</b> (17): 9121–9128. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26355%2Feurrev_202009_22859">10.26355/eurrev_202009_22859</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2284-0729">2284-0729</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32965003">32965003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221862046">221862046</a>. <q>In case of severe intoxication (blood alcohol concentration >1 g/L), it is necessary to prevent and to treat the potentially lethal metabolic effects of alcohol libation (in particular in adolescents) and to accelerate alcohol elimination from blood. It is necessary to support with intravenous fluids, treat hypoglycemia, hypotension, hypothermia and electrolyte imbalance, administer complex B and C vitamins, and support ventilation when necessary. To accelerate the elimination of ethanol from blood (assisting a faster recovery of the patient), two possible strategies can be applied: to perform a gastric lavage within two hours after drinking a considerable amount of alcohol or to administer metadoxine (pyridoxol L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate) that may be capable of decreasing ethanol blood levels by accelerating the urinary elimination of ethanol and acetaldehyde. Hypoglycemia is fasting-related and develops more frequently in young people (because of a lower reserve of liver glycogen); it is necessary to administer intravenous 5% glucose solution or, if possible, to invite the patient to eat fructose-rich foods and complex carbohydrates. Other metabolic effects could be electrolyte imbalance such as hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcemia which must be appropriately and individually treated and replaced.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Review+for+Medical+and+Pharmacological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Role+of+first+aid+in+the+management+of+acute+alcohol+intoxication%3A+a+narrative+review&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=9121-9128&rft.date=2020-09-24&rft.issn=2284-0729&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A221862046%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32965003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26355%2Feurrev_202009_22859&rft.aulast=Piccioni&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Tarli%2C+C.&rft.au=Cardone%2C+S.&rft.au=Brigida%2C+M.&rft.au=D%27Addio%2C+S.&rft.au=Covino%2C+M.&rft.au=Zanza%2C+C.&rft.au=Merra%2C+G.&rft.au=Ojetti%2C+V.&rft.au=Gasbarrini%2C+A.&rft.au=Addolorato%2C+G.&rft.au=Franceschi%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F32965003%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goh2017-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goh2017_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goh2017_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGohMorgan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Goh, ET; Morgan, MY (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1542523/3/Morgan_MYM%20accepted%20for%20deposit%20Pharmacotherapy%20for%20Alcohol%20Dependence%20Jan%202017%20for%20APT.pdf">"Review article: pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence – the why, the what and the wherefore"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics</i>. <b>45</b> (7): 865–882. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fapt.13965">10.1111/apt.13965</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28220511">28220511</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5431337">5431337</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180719014723/http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1542523/3/Morgan_MYM%20accepted%20for%20deposit%20Pharmacotherapy%20for%20Alcohol%20Dependence%20Jan%202017%20for%20APT.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alimentary+Pharmacology+%26+Therapeutics&rft.atitle=Review+article%3A+pharmacotherapy+for+alcohol+dependence+%E2%80%93+the+why%2C+the+what+and+the+wherefore.&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=865-882&rft.date=2017-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5431337%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28220511&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fapt.13965&rft.aulast=Goh&rft.aufirst=ET&rft.au=Morgan%2C+MY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2F1542523%2F3%2FMorgan_MYM%2520accepted%2520for%2520deposit%2520Pharmacotherapy%2520for%2520Alcohol%2520Dependence%2520Jan%25202017%2520for%2520APT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Von2008-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Von2008_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVonghiaLeggioFerrulliBertini2008" class="citation journal cs1">Vonghia, L; Leggio, L; Ferrulli, A; Bertini, M; Gasbarrini, G; Addolorato, G; Alcoholism Treatment Study, Group. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=camden.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Camden+Council%3A+Booze+license+suspended+after+selling+alcohol+to+drunk+customers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camden.gov.uk%2Fccm%2Fcontent%2Fpress%2F2007%2Ffebruary%2Fbooze-license-suspended-after-selling-alcohol-to-drunk-customers.en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080702135901/http://www.icap.org/PolicyIssues/DrinkingandDriving/BACTable/tabid/199/Default.aspx">"Drinking and Driving"</a>. <i>icap.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icap.org/PolicyIssues/DrinkingandDriving/BACTable/tabid/199/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 2 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icap.org&rft.atitle=Drinking+and+Driving&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icap.org%2FPolicyIssues%2FDrinkingandDriving%2FBACTable%2Ftabid%2F199%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.risingup.com/fars/info/part1-1-FAR.shtml">"Federal Aviation Regulation Sec. 1.1 – General definitions"</a>. <i>risingup.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=risingup.com&rft.atitle=Federal+Aviation+Regulation+Sec.+1.1+%E2%80%93+General+definitions.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.risingup.com%2Ffars%2Finfo%2Fpart1-1-FAR.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227005600/https://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgFAR.nsf/0/28757d8ae4d7d671862571960066be86%21OpenDocument%26Click%3D">"FAR Part 91 Sec. 91.17 effective as of 07/21/2006"</a>. <i>faa.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgFAR.nsf/0/28757d8ae4d7d671862571960066be86%21OpenDocument%26Click%3D">the original</a> on 27 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=faa.gov&rft.atitle=FAR+Part+91+Sec.+91.17+effective+as+of+07%2F21%2F2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frgl.faa.gov%2FRegulatory_and_Guidance_Library%2FrgFAR.nsf%2F0%2F28757d8ae4d7d671862571960066be86%2521OpenDocument%2526Click%253D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120805165526/http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=1052305">"Licensing Act 1872"</a>. <i>Acts of the United Kingdom Parliament</i>. Vol. 1872. 10 August 1872. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=1052305">the original</a> on 5 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acts+of+the+United+Kingdom+Parliament&rft.atitle=Licensing+Act+1872&rft.volume=1872&rft.date=1872-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statutelaw.gov.uk%2Fcontent.aspx%3FactiveTextDocId%3D1052305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellarmine1902" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Bellarmine, Robert</a> (1902). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Sermons from the Latins/Sermon 57"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sermons_from_the_Latins/Sermon_57">"Sermon 57: The Vice of Drunkenness." </a></span>. <i>Sermons from the Latins</i>. Benziger Brothers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sermon+57%3A+The+Vice+of+Drunkenness.&rft.btitle=Sermons+from+the+Latins&rft.pub=Benziger+Brothers&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Bellarmine&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans%2013%3A13-14&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: Romans 13:13-14 – New International Version"</a>. <i>Bible Gateway</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Romans+13%3A13-14+%E2%80%93+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DRomans%252013%253A13-14%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians%205%3A19-21&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: Galatians 5:19-21 – New International Version"</a>. <i>Bible Gateway</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Galatians+5%3A19-21+%E2%80%93+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DGalatians%25205%253A19-21%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians%205%3A18&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: Ephesians 5:18 – New International Version"</a>. <i>Bible Gateway</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Ephesians+5%3A18+%E2%80%93+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DEphesians%25205%253A18%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105012154/http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/amResolution.asp?ID=1156">"On Alcohol Use in America"</a>. <i>SBC Resolutions</i>. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a>. June 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/amResolution.asp?ID=1156">the original</a> on 5 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SBC+Resolutions&rft.atitle=On+Alcohol+Use+in+America&rft.date=2006-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbc.net%2Fresolutions%2FamResolution.asp%3FID%3D1156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biblical-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-biblical_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biblical_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biblical_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://netbible.org/">"Matthew 1"</a>. <i>netbible.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qur%27an%3A+4%3A43&rft.pub=Usc.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.edu%2Fschools%2Fcollege%2Fcrcc%2Fengagement%2Fresources%2Ftexts%2Fmuslim%2Fquran%2F004.qmt.html%23004.043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101204153812/http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/quran/002.qmt.html#002.219">"Qur'an: 2:19"</a>. Usc.edu. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qur%27an%3A+2%3A19&rft.pub=Usc.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.edu%2Fschools%2Fcollege%2Fcrcc%2Fengagement%2Fresources%2Ftexts%2Fmuslim%2Fquran%2F002.qmt.html%23002.219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101204173049/http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/quran/005.qmt.html#005.090">"Cmje"</a>. <i>usc.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/quran/005.qmt.html#005.090">the original</a> on 4 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=usc.edu&rft.atitle=Cmje&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.edu%2Fschools%2Fcollege%2Fcrcc%2Fengagement%2Fresources%2Ftexts%2Fmuslim%2Fquran%2F005.qmt.html%23005.090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYilmaz2004" class="citation book cs1">Yilmaz, Ihsan (2004) [2005-01-31]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4OrGYg31fi0C&q=Madhhab+alcohol&pg=PA158">"Post-Modern Muslim Legality and its Consequences"</a>. <i>Muslim Laws, Politics And Society in Modern Nation States: Dynamic Legal Pluralisms in England, Turkey And Pakistan</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4389-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4389-0"><bdi>978-0-7546-4389-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Post-Modern+Muslim+Legality+and+its+Consequences&rft.btitle=Muslim+Laws%2C+Politics+And+Society+in+Modern+Nation+States%3A+Dynamic+Legal+Pluralisms+in+England%2C+Turkey+And+Pakistan&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-4389-0&rft.aulast=Yilmaz&rft.aufirst=Ihsan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4OrGYg31fi0C%26q%3DMadhhab%2Balcohol%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGwynne2017" class="citation book cs1">Gwynne, Paul (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o08nDwAAQBAJ">"The Buddhist Pancasila"</a>. <i>World Religions in Practice: A Comparative Introduction</i>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-97227-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-97227-4"><bdi>978-1-118-97227-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Buddhist+Pancasila&rft.btitle=World+Religions+in+Practice%3A+A+Comparative+Introduction&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-118-97227-4&rft.aulast=Gwynne&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do08nDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGombrich1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gombrich" title="Richard Gombrich">Gombrich, Richard F.</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V3Z-dHpBsBsC"><i>Buddhist Precept and Practice: Traditional Buddhism in the Rural Highlands of Ceylon</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kegan_Paul,_Trench_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Kegan Paul, Trench and Company">Kegan Paul, Trench and Company</a>. p. 298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7103-0444-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7103-0444-5"><bdi>978-0-7103-0444-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhist+Precept+and+Practice%3A+Traditional+Buddhism+in+the+Rural+Highlands+of+Ceylon&rft.pages=298&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul%2C+Trench+and+Company&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7103-0444-5&rft.aulast=Gombrich&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV3Z-dHpBsBsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenn2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Benn, James A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XWPHAAAAQBAJ">"Buddhism, Alcohol, and Tea in Medieval China"</a>. In Sterckx, R. (ed.). <i>Of Tripod and Palate: Food, Politics, and Religion in Traditional China</i>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a>. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-7927-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-7927-8"><bdi>978-1-4039-7927-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Buddhism%2C+Alcohol%2C+and+Tea+in+Medieval+China&rft.btitle=Of+Tripod+and+Palate%3A+Food%2C+Politics%2C+and+Religion+in+Traditional+China&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-7927-8&rft.aulast=Benn&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXWPHAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs+31%3A+4-7&version=NASB">"Proverbs 31: 4–7 NASB—It is not for kings, O Lemuel, It is"</a>. <i>Bible Gateway</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Proverbs+31%3A+4%E2%80%937+NASB%E2%80%94It+is+not+for+kings%2C+O+Lemuel%2C+It+is&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DProverbs%2B31%253A%2B4-7%26version%3DNASB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Talmudic decree set a schedule according to which the priests would take turns staying sober. The practice of becoming a 'biblical' monk, is discussed in a full tractate of the <a href="/wiki/Mishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishna">Mishna</a> and Talmud. The Talmud tells of a family 'the sons of Reichab' who never drank wine, although it is not clear if this is considered good or bad.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206160541/https://musaf-shabbat.com/2016/08/21/%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9-%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99-%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92/">"תעלומת הקידוש השלישי | רותי פויכטונגר"</a>. <i>מוסף "שבת" – לתורה, הגות ספרות ואמנות</i> (in Hebrew). 21 August 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musaf-shabbat.com/2016/08/21/%25d7%25aa%25d7%25a2%25d7%259c%25d7%2595%25d7%259e%25d7%25aa-%25d7%2594%25d7%25a7%25d7%2599%25d7%2593%25d7%2595%25d7%25a9-%25d7%2594%25d7%25a9%25d7%259c%25d7%2599%25d7%25a9%25d7%2599-%25d7%25a8%25d7%2595%25d7%25aa%25d7%2599-%25d7%25a4%25d7%2595%25d7%2599%25d7%259b%25d7%2598%25d7%2595%25d7%25a0%25d7%2592/">the original</a> on 6 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A3+%22%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA%22+%E2%80%93+%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94%2C+%D7%94%D7%92%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA&rft.atitle=%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99+%26%23124%3B+%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99+%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8&rft.date=2016-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmusaf-shabbat.com%2F2016%2F08%2F21%2F%2525d7%2525aa%2525d7%2525a2%2525d7%25259c%2525d7%252595%2525d7%25259e%2525d7%2525aa-%2525d7%252594%2525d7%2525a7%2525d7%252599%2525d7%252593%2525d7%252595%2525d7%2525a9-%2525d7%252594%2525d7%2525a9%2525d7%25259c%2525d7%252599%2525d7%2525a9%2525d7%252599-%2525d7%2525a8%2525d7%252595%2525d7%2525aa%2525d7%252599-%2525d7%2525a4%2525d7%252595%2525d7%252599%2525d7%25259b%2525d7%252598%2525d7%252595%2525d7%2525a0%2525d7%252592%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a>, avoiding the <a href="/wiki/Zadokites" class="mw-redirect" title="Zadokites">Zadokites</a>' temple-based rituals, had installed many ceremonies which in a way change or contradict the literal meaning of the biblical protocol. These include the ceremony of lighting candles that stay lit during the Sabbath day, eating hot food from a fire lit previously, starting the Sabbath rituals on the night before, and drinking wine with the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a> meal. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verednoam.com/articles/NoamQimronSabbathLaws.pdf">Qimron Sabbath Laws</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308005232/http://www.verednoam.com/articles/NoamQimronSabbathLaws.pdf">Archived</a> 8 March 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Vered Noam, Department of Hebrew Culture Studies, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brill.com/dead-sea-discoveries">Dead Sea Discoveries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170131190805/http://www.brill.com/dead-sea-discoveries">Archived</a> 31 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Brill Institute)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosner" class="citation web cs1">Posner, Menachem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/581082/jewish/What-is-Judaisms-take-on-alcohol-consumption.htm">"What is Judaism's take on alcohol consumption?"</a>. <i>Chabad.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chabad.org&rft.atitle=What+is+Judaism%27s+take+on+alcohol+consumption%3F&rft.aulast=Posner&rft.aufirst=Menachem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F581082%2Fjewish%2FWhat-is-Judaisms-take-on-alcohol-consumption.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/people-cultures-in-the-bible/jesus-historical-jesus/was-jesus-last-supper-a-seder/">"Was Jesus' Last Supper a Seder?"</a>. <i>Biblical Archaeology Society</i>. 15 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Society&rft.atitle=Was+Jesus%27+Last+Supper+a+Seder%3F&rft.date=2022-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblicalarchaeology.org%2Fdaily%2Fpeople-cultures-in-the-bible%2Fjesus-historical-jesus%2Fwas-jesus-last-supper-a-seder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> says in Megillah 7b that "<a href="/wiki/Rava_(amora)" title="Rava (amora)">Rava</a> said: A person is obligated to become intoxicated on <a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a> until he is unaware of the difference between 'Cursed be <a href="/wiki/Haman_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haman (Bible)">Haman</a>' and 'Blessed be <a href="/wiki/Mordechai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mordechai">Mordechai</a>.'" This is taken to mean that on the Jewish festival of Purim one is commanded to drink alcohol to the point of intoxication. See <a href="/wiki/Yanki_Tauber" title="Yanki Tauber">Yanki Tauber</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/global/popup/default_cdo/aid/2814/jewish/The-Purim-Drunk.htm">Are Jews actually supposed to get drunk on Purim?</a> Chabad.org (referring to the Talmudic tractate Megillah (7b)).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116114745/http://www.torahlab.org/doitright/using_grape_juice_for_kiddush/">"Using grape juice for Kiddush"</a>. <i>Torahlab website</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torahlab.org/doitright/using_grape_juice_for_kiddush/">the original</a> on 16 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Torahlab+website&rft.atitle=Using+grape+juice+for+Kiddush&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torahlab.org%2Fdoitright%2Fusing_grape_juice_for_kiddush%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-nSBPuRbsg">"- YouTube"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2022</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=-+YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dc-nSBPuRbsg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2018" class="citation news cs1">Katz, Brigit (4 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/birds-are-acting-erratically-minnesota-blame-it-alcohol-180970468/">"Birds Are Acting Erratically in Minnesota. Blame It on the Alcohol"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=Birds+Are+Acting+Erratically+in+Minnesota.+Blame+It+on+the+Alcohol&rft.date=2018-10-04&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Brigit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Fbirds-are-acting-erratically-minnesota-blame-it-alcohol-180970468%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinde2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kinde, Hailu; et al. (July 2012). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Veterinary+Emergency+and+Critical+Care&rft.atitle=Bread+dough+toxicosis+in+dogs&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=39-41&rft.date=2003-02-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1435-6935.2003.00068.x&rft.aulast=Means&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1435-6935.2003.00068.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlcohol+intoxication" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=LA&p_theme=la&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EF80EB2A69CA15E&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM">"News Lite"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_News_of_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News of Los Angeles">Daily News of Los Angeles</a></i>. 23 July 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Attitudes toward Drinking in the Irish Culture". In: Pittman, David J. and Snyder, Charles R. (Eds.) <i>Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns</i>. New York: Wiley, 1962, pp. 157–187.</li> <li>Gentry, Kenneth L. Jr., <i>God Gave Wine: What the Bible Says about Alcohol</i>. Lincoln, Calif.: Oakdown, 2001.</li> <li>Rorabaugh, W.J. "The Alcoholic Republic," Chapter 2 & 5, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</li> <li>Sigmund, Paul. <i>St. Thomas Aquinas on Politics and Ethics</i>. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 1988, p. 77.</li> <li>Walton, Stuart. <i>Out of It. A Cultural History of Intoxication</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-027977-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-027977-6">0-14-027977-6</a>.</li> <li>Slingerland, Edward. <i>Drunk: How We Sipped, Danced, and Stumbled Our Way to Civilization</i>. <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_Spark" class="mw-redirect" title="Little, Brown Spark">Little, Brown Spark</a>, 2021.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_intoxication&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#1119330136">NE61</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F10">F10</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/T51">T51</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=305.0">305.0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=980">980</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000435">D000435</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002644.htm">002644</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alcohol_and_health" title="Template:Alcohol and health"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcohol_and_health" title="Template talk:Alcohol and health"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol_and_health" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol and health"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcohol" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a><br /> use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime" title="Alcohol-related crime">Alcohol-related<br /> crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving" title="Drunk driving">Drunk driving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_traffic_crashes_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States">Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Drunk driving in the United States">Drunk driving in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prison alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1jaro_verde" title="Pájaro verde">Pájaro verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_intoxication" title="Public intoxication">Public intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly-grog_shop" title="Sly-grog shop">Sly-grog shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">Alcoholism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Native_Americans" title="Alcohol and Native Americans">Alcohol and Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_adolescence" title="Alcoholism in adolescence">Alcoholism in adolescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_family_systems" title="Alcoholism in family systems">Alcoholism in family systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_rural_Australia" title="Alcoholism in rural Australia">Alcoholism in rural Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_Study_on_the_Genetics_of_Alcoholism" title="Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism">Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease_theory_of_alcoholism" title="Disease theory of alcoholism">Disease theory of alcoholism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-functioning_alcoholic" title="High-functioning alcoholic">High-functioning alcoholic</a> (HFA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeing_pink_elephants" title="Seeing pink elephants">Seeing pink elephants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemistry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Beverage-specific <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_chemistry" title="Beer chemistry">Beer chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_chemistry" title="Wine chemistry">Wine chemistry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_psychoactive_alcohols_in_alcoholic_drinks" title="Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks">Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congener_(beverages)" title="Congener (beverages)">Congener</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_congener_analysis" title="Alcohol congener analysis">Alcohol congener analysis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content" title="Blood alcohol content">Blood alcohol content</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusel_alcohol" title="Fusel alcohol">Fusel alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption" title="Short-term effects of alcohol consumption">Short-term effects of alcohol consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_alcohol" title="Long-term effects of alcohol">Long-term effects of alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology_of_ethanol" title="Pharmacology of ethanol">Pharmacology of ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_response_to_alcohol" title="Subjective response to alcohol">Subjective response to alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adverse effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangxiety" title="Hangxiety">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_alcohol_on_aging" title="Impact of alcohol on aging">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_impact_of_alcohol_on_the_brain" title="Long-term impact of alcohol on the brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cancer" title="Alcohol and cancer">Cancer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_breast_cancer" title="Alcohol and breast cancer">breast cancer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cortisol" title="Alcohol and cortisol">Cortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory" title="Effects of alcohol on memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_pregnancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol and pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_and_sleep" title="Alcohol use and sleep">Sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_tolerance" title="Alcohol tolerance">Tolerance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intolerance" title="Alcohol intolerance">intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_weight" title="Alcohol and weight">Weight</a></li> <li>Beverage-specific <ul><li>Beer: <a href="/wiki/Potomania" title="Potomania">Potomania</a></li> <li>Wine: <a href="/wiki/Red_wine_headache" title="Red wine headache">Red wine headache</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues">Social issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adulterated alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine#Adulterated_moonshine" title="Moonshine">Adulterated moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denatured_alcohol" title="Denatured alcohol">Denatured alcohol</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_methanol_poisoning_incidents" title="List of methanol poisoning incidents">List of methanol poisoning incidents</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogate_alcohol" title="Surrogate alcohol">Surrogate alcohol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_abuse" title="Alcohol abuse">Alcohol abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising" title="Alcohol advertising">Alcohol advertising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising_on_college_campuses" title="Alcohol advertising on college campuses">on college campuses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_sex" title="Alcohol and sex">Sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_goggles" title="Beer goggles">Beer goggles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_myopia" title="Alcohol myopia">Alcohol myopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_association_football" title="Alcohol in association football">Alcohol in association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_among_college_students" title="Alcohol use among college students">Alcohol use among college students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">Binge drinking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_syndrome" title="Austrian syndrome">Austrian syndrome</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alcohol intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_binge_drinking" title="Epidemiology of binge drinking">Epidemiology of binge drinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_heart_syndrome" title="Holiday heart syndrome">Holiday heart syndrome</a></li> <li>Problematic alcoholic products <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_powder" title="Alcohol powder">Alcohol powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcopop" title="Alcopop">Alcopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borg_(drink)" title="Borg (drink)">Borg</a></li> <li>Low-cost alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavored_fortified_wine" title="Flavored fortified wine">Flavored fortified wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)#Stimulants" title="Alcohol (drug)">Polysubstance alcoholic drinks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeinated_alcoholic_drink" title="Caffeinated alcoholic drink">Caffeinated alcoholic drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca_wine" title="Coca wine">Coca wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotini" title="Nicotini">Nicotini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapoy" title="Zapoy">Zapoy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(drug-related_amnesia)" title="Blackout (drug-related amnesia)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Wednesday" title="Blackout Wednesday">Blackout Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_game" title="Drinking game">Drinking game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drinking_games" title="List of drinking games">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregaming" title="Pregaming">Pregaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_in_public" title="Drinking in public">Drinking in public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_walking" title="Drunk walking">Drunk walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunkorexia" title="Drunkorexia">Drunkorexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_drunk" title="Dry drunk">Dry drunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_courage" title="Dutch courage">Dutch courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_drink" title="Flaming drink">Flaming drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_of_the_dog" title="Hair of the dog">Hair of the dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurtful_communication#Alcohol" title="Hurtful communication">Hurtful communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_dialing" title="Drunk dialing">Drunk dialing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_vino_veritas" title="In vino veritas"><i>In vino veritas</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightcap_(drink)" title="Nightcap (drink)">Nightcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsdrunk" title="Pantsdrunk">Pantsdrunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_drinking" title="Passive drinking">Passive drinking</a></li> <li>Binge drinking devices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_bong" title="Beer bong">Beer bong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yard_of_ale" title="Yard of ale">Yard of ale</a></li></ul></li> <li>Routes of administration <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_enema" title="Alcohol enema">Alcohol enema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_inhalation" title="Alcohol inhalation">Alcohol inhalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka_eyeballing" title="Vodka eyeballing">Vodka eyeballing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sconcing" title="Sconcing">Sconcing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson_alcoholism_debate" title="Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate">Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_Mysteries" title="Dionysian Mysteries">Dionysian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipsomania" title="Dipsomania">Dipsomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Paul_Jordan" title="Gilbert Paul Jordan">Gilbert Paul Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Craze" title="Gin Craze">Gin Craze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_through_alcohol" title="List of deaths through alcohol">List of deaths through alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_ration" title="Rum ration">Rum ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Rebellion" title="Rum Rebellion">Rum Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebeen" title="Shebeen">Shebeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_o%27clock_swill" title="Six o'clock swill">Six o'clock swill</a></li> <li>Illegal drinking establishments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nip_joint" title="Nip joint">Nip joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">Speakeasy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverage</a></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_mile" title="Beer mile">Beer mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Beer_Day" title="International Beer Day">International Beer Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Collaboration_Brew_Day" title="International Women's Collaboration Brew Day">International Women's Collaboration Brew Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_brewing" title="Women in brewing">Women in brewing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture" title="Drinking culture">Drinking culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif" title="Apéritif and digestif">Apéritif and digestif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangover_remedies" title="Hangover remedies">Hangover remedies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_wine" title="Health effects of wine">Health effects of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunken_monkey_hypothesis" title="Drunken monkey hypothesis">Drunken monkey hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_night" title="Ladies' night">Ladies' night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita">List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_by_youth_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States">Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_substances_used_in_rituals#Alcohol" title="List of substances used in rituals">Ritual use of alcohol</a></li> <li>Whiskey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_whisk(e)y_day" title="International whisk(e)y day">International whisk(e)y day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol <br />control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_law" title="Alcohol law">Alcohol law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_License_Suspension" title="Administrative License Suspension">Administrative License Suspension</a> (ALS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(Minimum_Pricing)_(Scotland)_Act_2012" title="Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012">Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_exclusion_laws" title="Alcohol exclusion laws">Alcohol exclusion laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_monopoly" title="Alcohol monopoly">Alcohol monopoly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage_control_state" title="Alcoholic beverage control state">Alcoholic beverage control state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_packaging_warning_messages" title="Alcohol packaging warning messages">Alcohol packaging warning messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_on_caffeinated_alcoholic_drinks_in_the_United_States" title="Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States">Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_law_by_country" title="Drunk driving law by country">Drunk driving law by country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DWI_court" title="DWI court">DWI court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_sobriety_testing" title="Field sobriety testing">Field sobriety testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_flask_defence" title="Hip flask defence">Hip flask defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_interlock_device" title="Ignition interlock device">Ignition interlock device</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">Dry county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state" title="List of dry communities by U.S. state">List of dry communities by U.S. state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_call" title="Last call">Last call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">Legal drinking age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age_in_the_United_States" title="Legal drinking age in the United States">Legal drinking age in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_tap_(alcohol)" title="Shoulder tap (alcohol)">Shoulder tap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States" title="List of alcohol laws of the United States">List of alcohol laws of US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Alcohol prohibition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition" title="List of countries with alcohol prohibition">List of countries with alcohol prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prohibitionism" title="Neo-prohibitionism">Neo-prohibitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sobriety" title="Sobriety">Sobriety</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_detoxification" title="Alcohol detoxification">Alcohol detoxification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-free_zone" title="Alcohol-free zone">Alcohol-free zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_campus" title="Dry campus">Dry campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-container_law" title="Open-container law">Open-container law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brief_intervention" title="Brief intervention">Brief intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_driver" title="Designated driver">Designated driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation" title="Drug rehabilitation">Alcohol rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_tank" title="Drunk tank">Drunk tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_alcohol_program" title="Managed alcohol program">Managed alcohol program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_drink" title="Non-alcoholic drink">Non-alcoholic drink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-alcoholic_cocktails" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-alcoholic cocktails">List of cocktails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-alcoholic_mixed_drinks" title="List of non-alcoholic mixed drinks">List of mixed drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritzer#Non-alcoholic_spritzer" title="Spritzer">Spritzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_drink#Non-alcoholic_malt_drinks" title="Malt drink">Malt drinks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">Teetotalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_bar" title="Temperance bar">Temperance bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_and_Good_Citizenship_Day" title="Temperance and Good Citizenship Day">Temperance and Good Citizenship Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twelve-step_groups" title="List of twelve-step groups">Twelve-step groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Anon/Alateen" title="Al-Anon/Alateen">Al-Anon/Alateen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholics_Anonymous" title="Alcoholics Anonymous">Alcoholics Anonymous</a> (AA):</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_Children_of_Alcoholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult Children of Alcoholics">Adult Children of Alcoholics</a> (ACA)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_companion" title="Sober companion">Sober companion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_curious" title="Sober curious">Sober curious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_living_house" title="Sober living house">Sober living house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobering_center" title="Sobering center">Sobering center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobrietol" title="Sobrietol">Sobrietol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_lit_(alcohol_cessation)" title="Quit lit (alcohol cessation)">Quit lit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol limitation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/0-0-1-3" title="0-0-1-3">0-0-1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_recommendations" title="Alcohol consumption recommendations">Alcohol consumption recommendations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_education" title="Alcohol education">Alcohol education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_server_training" title="Alcohol server training">Alcohol server training</a></li> <li>Monitoring <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breathalyzer" title="Breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_tagging#Sweat_alcohol_content_monitor" title="Electronic tagging">Sweat alcohol content monitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brief_intervention#FRAMES" title="Brief intervention">FRAMES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Advancing_Alcohol_Responsibility" title="Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility">Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility</a></li> <li>Campaigns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_January" title="Dry January">Dry January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_July" title="Dry July">Dry July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Your_Sexy_Back" title="Get Your Sexy Back">Get Your Sexy Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocsober" title="Ocsober">Ocsober</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquor_license" title="Liquor license">Liquor license</a></li> <li>Low-alcohol drinks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer" title="Low-alcohol beer">Low-alcohol beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_drink#Low-alcoholic_malt_drinks" title="Malt drink">Low-alcoholic malt drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">Small beer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Measurement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_spirits_measure" title="Alcoholic spirits measure">Alcoholic spirits measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_drink" title="Standard drink">Standard drink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Addiction_medicine" title="Addiction medicine">Addiction medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide" title="Chlordiazepoxide">Chlordiazepoxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram-like_drug" title="Disulfiram-like drug">Disulfiram-like drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram" title="Disulfiram">Disulfiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbimide" title="Calcium carbimide">Calcium carbimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanamide" title="Cyanamide">Cyanamide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_anaesthetic" title="General anaesthetic">General anaesthetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide_(medication)" title="Nitrous oxide (medication)">Nitrous oxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonic_acid" title="Sulfonic acid">Sulfonic acids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acamprosate" title="Acamprosate">Acamprosate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homotaurine" title="Homotaurine">Homotaurine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_alcohol" title="Religion and alcohol">Religion and alcohol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_alcohol" title="Christian views on alcohol">Christian views on alcohol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_the_Bible" title="Alcohol in the Bible">Alcohol in the Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamr" title="Khamr">Islam and alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Street_and_Gin_Lane" title="Beer Street and Gin Lane"><i>Beer Street</i> and <i>Gin Lane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratt_System" title="Bratt System">Bratt System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_state" title="Dry state">Dry state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Act_1751" title="Gin Act 1751">Gin Act 1751</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_Liquor_Prescriptions_Act_of_1933" title="Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933">Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_alcohol-related_articles" title="Index of alcohol-related articles">Index of alcohol-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_spaceflight" title="Alcohol and spaceflight">Alcohol and spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_drug_effect" title="Gateway drug effect">Gateway drug effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mood_disorder" title="Mood disorder">Mood disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_fatty_liver_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease">Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-medication" title="Self-medication">Self-medication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spins" title="Spins">Spins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_drunk" title="Town drunk">Town drunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_paradox" title="French paradox">French paradox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alcohol_and_health" title="Category:Alcohol and health">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Psychoactive_substance-related_disorders" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Psychoactive_substance_use" title="Template:Psychoactive substance use"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Psychoactive_substance_use" title="Template talk:Psychoactive substance use"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Psychoactive_substance_use" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Psychoactive substance use"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Psychoactive_substance-related_disorders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Psychoactive_drug" title="Psychoactive drug">Psychoactive</a> <a href="/wiki/Substance-related_disorder" title="Substance-related disorder">substance-related disorders</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substance-related_disorder#Substance-induced_disorders" title="Substance-related disorder">SID</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substance_intoxication" title="Substance intoxication">Substance intoxication</a> / <a href="/wiki/Drug_overdose" title="Drug overdose">Drug overdose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance-induced_psychosis" title="Substance-induced psychosis">Substance-induced psychosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_withdrawal" title="Drug withdrawal">Withdrawal</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neonatal_withdrawal" title="Neonatal withdrawal">Neonatal withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-acute-withdrawal_syndrome" title="Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome">Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome</a> (PAWS)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_use_disorder" title="Substance use disorder">SUD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">Substance abuse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Substance-related_disorder" title="Substance-related disorder">Substance-related disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_dependence" title="Physical dependence">Physical dependence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Psychological_dependence" title="Psychological dependence">Psychological dependence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Substance_dependence" title="Substance dependence">Substance dependence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combined<br />substance use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polysubstance_dependence" title="Polysubstance dependence">Polysubstance dependence</a></li></ul></li> <li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_drug_intoxication" title="Combined drug intoxication">Combined drug intoxication</a> (CDI)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SID</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cardiovascular_disease" title="Alcohol and cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_cardiomyopathy" title="Alcoholic cardiomyopathy">Alcoholic cardiomyopathy</a> (ACM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_flush_reaction" title="Alcohol flush reaction">Alcohol flush reaction</a> (AFR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_disease" title="Gastrointestinal disease">Gastrointestinal diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_liver_disease" title="Alcoholic liver disease">Alcoholic liver disease</a> (ALD): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_hepatitis" title="Alcoholic hepatitis">Alcoholic hepatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zieve%27s_syndrome" title="Zieve's syndrome">Zieve's syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto-brewery_syndrome" title="Auto-brewery syndrome">Auto-brewery syndrome</a> (ABS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_disease" title="Endocrine disease">Endocrine diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_ketoacidosis" title="Alcoholic ketoacidosis">Alcoholic ketoacidosis</a> (AKA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nervous_system_disease" title="Nervous system disease">Nervous<br /> system diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_dementia" title="Alcohol-related dementia">Alcohol-related dementia</a> (ARD)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alcohol intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangover" title="Hangover">Hangover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neurological_disorder" title="Neurological disorder">Neurological<br /> disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_hallucinosis" title="Alcoholic hallucinosis">Alcoholic hallucinosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_polyneuropathy" title="Alcoholic polyneuropathy">Alcoholic polyneuropathy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_brain_damage" title="Alcohol-related brain damage">Alcohol-related brain damage</a> (ARDB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_withdrawal_syndrome" title="Alcohol withdrawal syndrome">Alcohol withdrawal syndrome</a> (AWS): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_hallucinosis" title="Alcoholic hallucinosis">Alcoholic hallucinosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delirium_tremens" title="Delirium tremens">Delirium tremens</a> (DTs)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_spectrum_disorder" title="Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder">Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder</a> (FASD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korsakoff_syndrome" title="Korsakoff syndrome">Korsakoff syndrome</a> (KS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchiafava%E2%80%93Bignami_disease" title="Marchiafava–Bignami disease">Marchiafava–Bignami disease</a> (MBD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positional_alcohol_nystagmus" title="Positional alcohol nystagmus">Positional alcohol nystagmus</a> (PAN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernicke%E2%80%93Korsakoff_syndrome" title="Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome">Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome</a> (WKS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernicke_encephalopathy" title="Wernicke encephalopathy">Wernicke encephalopathy</a> (WE)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_disease" title="Respiratory disease">Respiratory tract diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-induced_respiratory_reactions" title="Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions">Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_lung_disease" title="Alcoholic lung disease">Alcoholic lung disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SUD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">Alcoholism</a> (alcohol use disorder (AUD))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">Binge drinking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine-induced_anxiety_disorder" title="Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder">Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine-induced_psychosis" title="Caffeine-induced psychosis">Caffeine-induced psychosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine-induced_sleep_disorder" title="Caffeine-induced sleep disorder">Caffeine-induced sleep disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeinism" title="Caffeinism">Caffeinism</a></li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine_dependence" title="Caffeine dependence">Caffeine dependence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">Cannabis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_arteritis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabis arteritis (page does not exist)">Cannabis arteritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_hyperemesis_syndrome" title="Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome">Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome</a> (CHS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_marijuana_syndrome" title="Intravenous marijuana syndrome">Intravenous marijuana syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amotivational_syndrome" title="Amotivational syndrome">Amotivational syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_use_disorder" title="Cannabis use disorder">Cannabis use disorder</a> (CUD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_cannabinoid_use_disorder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder (page does not exist)">Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine_intoxication" title="Cocaine intoxication">Cocaine intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_cocaine_exposure" title="Prenatal cocaine exposure">Prenatal cocaine exposure</a> (PCE)</li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine_dependence" title="Cocaine dependence">Cocaine dependence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hallucinogen" title="Hallucinogen">Hallucinogen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bad_trip" title="Bad trip">Acute intoxication from hallucinogens (bad trip)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallucinogen_persisting_perception_disorder" title="Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder">Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder</a> (HPPD)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Tobacco_Sickness" title="Green Tobacco Sickness">Green Tobacco Sickness</a> (GTS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_poisoning" title="Nicotine poisoning">Nicotine poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_withdrawal" title="Nicotine withdrawal">Nicotine withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_dependence" title="Nicotine dependence">Nicotine dependence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_overdose" title="Opioid overdose">Opioid overdose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_withdrawal" title="Opioid withdrawal">Opioid withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid-induced_hyperalgesia" title="Opioid-induced hyperalgesia">Opioid-induced hyperalgesia</a> (OIH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid-induced_endocrinopathy" title="Opioid-induced endocrinopathy">Opioid-induced endocrinopathy</a> (OIE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid-induced_constipation" class="mw-redirect" title="Opioid-induced constipation">Opioid-induced constipation</a> (OIC)</li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_use_disorder" title="Opioid use disorder">Opioid use disorder</a> (OUD)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sedative" title="Sedative">Sedative</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Hypnotic" title="Hypnotic">hypnotic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kindling_(sedative%E2%80%93hypnotic_withdrawal)" title="Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal)">Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">benzodiazepine</a>:</i> SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine_overdose" title="Benzodiazepine overdose">Benzodiazepine overdose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine_withdrawal_syndrome" title="Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome">Benzodiazepine withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine_use_disorder" title="Benzodiazepine use disorder">Benzodiazepine use disorder</a> (BUD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine_dependence" title="Benzodiazepine dependence">Benzodiazepine dependence</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">barbiturate</a>:</i> SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate_overdose" title="Barbiturate overdose">Barbiturate overdose</a></li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate_dependence" title="Barbiturate dependence">Barbiturate dependence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stimulant" title="Stimulant">Stimulants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stimulant_psychosis" title="Stimulant psychosis">Stimulant psychosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">amphetamine</a>:</i> SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine_dependence" title="Amphetamine dependence">Amphetamine dependence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">Volatile<br /> solvent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudden_sniffing_death_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudden sniffing death syndrome">Sudden sniffing death syndrome</a> (SSDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluene_toxicity" title="Toluene toxicity">Toluene toxicity</a></li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_solvent-induced_encephalopathy" title="Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy">Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhalant" title="Inhalant">Inhalant abuse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anabolic-androgenic_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabolic-androgenic steroid">Anabolic-androgenic steroids</a></i>: SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabolic-androgenic_steroids_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabolic-androgenic steroids abuse">Anabolic-androgenic steroids abuse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocoholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chocoholic">Chocolate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205972#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205972#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205972#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4120863-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="intoxikace alkoholem"><a rel="nofollow" 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