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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutions_and_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutions_and_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Constitutions and powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutions_and_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Half-cantons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Half-cantons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Half-cantons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Half-cantons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names_in_national_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names_in_national_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Names in national languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names_in_national_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Admission_of_new_cantons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admission_of_new_cantons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Admission of new cantons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admission_of_new_cantons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cantons of Switzerland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switserse_kantons" title="Switserse kantons – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Switserse kantons" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton" title="Kanton – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kanton" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveeici_kantoneh" title="Sveeici kantoneh – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Sveeici kantoneh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="كانتونات سويسرا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كانتونات سويسرا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_de_Suiza" title="Cantons de Suiza – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cantons de Suiza" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenton_(Suisse)" title="Quenton (Suisse) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Quenton (Suisse)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_(%C4%B0sve%C3%A7r%C9%99)" title="Kanton (İsveçrə) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kanton (İsveçrə)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%ABi-se_%C3%AA_h%C3%AAng-ch%C3%A8ng-khu" title="Sūi-se ê hêng-chèng-khu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sūi-se ê hêng-chèng-khu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кантони на Швейцария – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кантони на Швейцария" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton" title="Kanton – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kanton" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoni_u_%C5%A0vicarskoj" title="Kantoni u Švicarskoj – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kantoni u Švicarskoj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonio%C3%B9_Suis" title="Kantonioù Suis – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kantonioù Suis" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_de_Su%C3%AFssa" title="Cantons de Suïssa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cantons de Suïssa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_(%C5%A0v%C3%BDcarsko)" title="Kanton (Švýcarsko) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kanton (Švýcarsko)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_y_Swistir" title="Cantons y Swistir – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cantons y Swistir" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_(Schweiz)" title="Kanton (Schweiz) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kanton (Schweiz)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_(Schweiz)" title="Kanton (Schweiz) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kanton (Schweiz)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_(%C5%A0veits)" title="Kanton (Šveits) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kanton (Šveits)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Καντόνια της Ελβετίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καντόνια της Ελβετίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantones_de_Suiza" title="Cantones de Suiza – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cantones de Suiza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonoj_de_Svislando" title="Kantonoj de Svislando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kantonoj de Svislando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suitzako_kantonamenduak" title="Suitzako kantonamenduak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Suitzako kantonamenduak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="کانتون‌های سوئیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانتون‌های سوئیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_(Suisse)" title="Canton (Suisse) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Canton (Suisse)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%BAin_na_hEilv%C3%A9ise" title="Cantúin na hEilvéise – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cantúin na hEilvéise" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roinn_Eilbheiseach" title="Roinn Eilbheiseach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Roinn Eilbheiseach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3ns_de_Su%C3%ADza" title="Cantóns de Suíza – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cantóns de Suíza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%9C%84%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98_%EC%A3%BC" title="스위스의 주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스위스의 주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%81%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Շվեյցարիայի կանտոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շվեյցարիայի կանտոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="स्विट्ज़रलैंड के कैन्टन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्विट्ज़रलैंड के कैन्टन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0vicarski_kantoni" title="Švicarski kantoni – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Švicarski kantoni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_pri_kantoni_di_Suisia" title="Listo pri kantoni di Suisia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Listo pri kantoni di Suisia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagiti_kanton_ti_Suisa" title="Dagiti kanton ti Suisa – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Dagiti kanton ti Suisa" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_di_Swiss" title="Kanton di Swiss – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kanton di Swiss" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantones_de_Switza" title="Cantones de Switza – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cantones de Switza" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantones_de_Svissia" title="Cantones de Svissia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cantones de Svissia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C3%B3nur_%C3%AD_Sviss" title="Kantónur í Sviss – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kantónur í Sviss" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantoni_della_Svizzera" title="Cantoni della Svizzera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cantoni della Svizzera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A5" title="הקנטונים של שווייץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקנטונים של שווייץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="შვეიცარიის კანტონები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შვეიცარიის კანტონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="Швейцария әкімшілік бөлінісі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Швейцария әкімшілік бөлінісі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majimbo_ya_Uswisi" title="Majimbo ya Uswisi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Majimbo ya Uswisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton%C3%AAn_Sw%C3%AEsrey%C3%AA" title="Kantonên Swîsreyê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kantonên Swîsreyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciantons_de_la_Svizra" title="Ciantons de la Svizra – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ciantons de la Svizra" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagi_Helvetiae" title="Pagi Helvetiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pagi Helvetiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0veices_kantoni" title="Šveices kantoni – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šveices kantoni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABscht_vun_de_Schw%C3%A4izer_Kantonen" title="Lëscht vun de Schwäizer Kantonen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lëscht vun de Schwäizer Kantonen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0veicarijos_kantonai" title="Šveicarijos kantonai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šveicarijos kantonai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakanton_ya_Swisi" title="Bakanton ya Swisi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bakanton ya Swisi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_(Svizzera)" title="Canton (Svizzera) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Canton (Svizzera)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C3%A1jc_kantonjainak_list%C3%A1ja" title="Svájc kantonjainak listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Svájc kantonjainak listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кантони во Швајцарија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кантони во Швајцарија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="स्वित्झर्लंडची राज्ये – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्वित्झर्लंडची राज्ये" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="سوییس کانتون‌های فهرست – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سوییس کانتون‌های فهرست" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_di_Switzerland" title="Kanton di Switzerland – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kanton di Switzerland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantons_van_Zwitserland" title="Kantons van Zwitserland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kantons van Zwitserland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E7%94%BB" title="スイスの地方行政区画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スイスの地方行政区画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveits%E2%80%99_kantoner" title="Sveits’ kantoner – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sveits’ kantoner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonar_i_Sveits" title="Kantonar i Sveits – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kantonar i Sveits" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_so%C3%AFsses" title="Cantons soïsses – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cantons soïsses" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_(Szwajcaria)" title="Kanton (Szwajcaria) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kanton (Szwajcaria)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B5es_da_Su%C3%AD%C3%A7a" title="Cantões da Suíça – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cantões da Suíça" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantoanele_Elve%C8%9Biei" title="Cantoanele Elveției – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cantoanele Elveției" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantuns_da_la_Svizra" title="Chantuns da la Svizra – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Chantuns da la Svizra" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Кантоны Швейцарии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кантоны Швейцарии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantonet_e_Zvicr%C3%ABs" title="Kantonet e Zvicrës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kantonet e Zvicrës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cantons of Switzerland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C3%B3n_(%C5%A0vaj%C4%8Diarsko)" title="Kantón (Švajčiarsko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kantón (Švajčiarsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoni_%C5%A0vice" title="Kantoni Švice – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kantoni Švice" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Кантони Швајцарске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кантони Швајцарске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoni_%C5%A0vicarske" title="Kantoni Švicarske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kantoni Švicarske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveitsin_kantonit" title="Sveitsin kantonit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sveitsin kantonit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweiz_kantoner" title="Schweiz kantoner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Schweiz kantoner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐของประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐของประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0svi%C3%A7re%27nin_kantonlar%C4%B1" title="İsviçre'nin kantonları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İsviçre'nin kantonları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97" title="Кантони Швейцарії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кантони Швейцарії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%B9%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%DA%A9%DB%92_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%86" title="سوئٹزرلینڈ کے کینٹن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سوئٹزرلینڈ کے کینٹن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantoni_de_%C5%82a_Svisara" title="Cantoni de ła Svisara – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cantoni de ła Svisara" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bang_c%E1%BB%A7a_Th%E1%BB%A5y_S%C4%A9" title="Bang của Thụy Sĩ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bang của Thụy Sĩ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantongs_van_Zwitserland" title="Kantongs van Zwitserland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kantongs van Zwitserland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_cantons&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss cantons">Swiss cantons</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Member states of the Swiss Confederation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Districts within each Swiss Canton, see <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts of Switzerland</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="float: right; width: ;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #F0F0F0; vertical-align: middle">Swiss cantons <br /> <span style="font-size:70%;"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schweizer Kantone</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Cantons suisses</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span><br /> <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Cantoni svizzeri</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span> <span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm">Chantuns svizras</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>)</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-weight: normal;">Also known as:</span></li><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stände</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">États</i></span>, <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Stati</i></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 400px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Switzerland_administrative_divisions_-_colored_unlabelled.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Switzerland_administrative_divisions_-_colored_unlabelled.svg/400px-Switzerland_administrative_divisions_-_colored_unlabelled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Switzerland_administrative_divisions_-_colored_unlabelled.svg/600px-Switzerland_administrative_divisions_-_colored_unlabelled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Switzerland_administrative_divisions_-_colored_unlabelled.svg/800px-Switzerland_administrative_divisions_-_colored_unlabelled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1349" data-file-height="865" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:134px; top:196px"><b><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:230px; top:180px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:294px; top:140px"><b><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:14px; top:196px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:50px; top:148px"><b><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:62px; top:100px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:106px; top:56px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:138px; top:120px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:250px; top:32px"><b><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:218px; top:48px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">Zurich</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:178px; top:52px"><b><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:178px; top:92px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:134px; top:64px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:122px; top:44px"><b><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:198px; top:16px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:222px; top:128px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:222px; top:96px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:254px; top:104px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:262px; top:80px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:282px; top:64px"><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:274px; top:52px"><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:182px; top:120px"><b><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:194px; top:108px"><b><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:214px; top:84px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:90px; top:136px"><b><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:130px; top:32px"><b><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:22px; top:84px"><i><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">France</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:314px; top:232px"><i><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">Italy</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:294px; top:84px"><i><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">Liechten-<br />stein</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:354px; top:88px"><i><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">Austria</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:302px; top:8px"><i><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><span style="color: #48A3B5;">Germany</span></a></i></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Category</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">Federated state</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Found in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland#Regions" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Regions</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Created</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>13th century</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Number</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">26 cantons (as of 1979)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Populations</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">16,003 (<a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a>) – 1,487,969 (<a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Canton of Zürich</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Areas</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">37 km<sup>2</sup> (14 sq mi) – 7,105 km<sup>2</sup> (2,743 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Government</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">List of cantonal executives of Switzerland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">municipalities</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Politics of Switzerland">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Politics of Switzerland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Human rights in Switzerland">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Federal_Council" title="List of members of the Swiss Federal Council">Members</a> (by seniority) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Beat_Jans" title="Beat Jans">Beat Jans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Guy Parmelin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Ignazio Cassis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Viola Amherd</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Karin Keller-Sutter</a> (Vice President)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_R%C3%B6sti" title="Albert Rösti">Albert Rösti</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Baume-Schneider" title="Élisabeth Baume-Schneider">Élisabeth Baume-Schneider</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Switzerland" title="Chancellor of Switzerland">Federal Chancellor</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Rossi" title="Viktor Rossi">Viktor Rossi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_administration_of_Switzerland" title="Federal administration of Switzerland">Federal administration</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Federal Assembly</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Council of States</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Council_of_States_(2019%E2%80%9323)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2019–23)">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_National_Council_of_Switzerland,_2019%E2%80%9323" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the National Council of Switzerland, 2019–23">members</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Switzerland" title="List of political parties in Switzerland">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Switzerland" title="Voting in Switzerland">Voting</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Elections</div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1848_Swiss_federal_election" title="1848 Swiss federal election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1851_Swiss_federal_election" title="1851 Swiss federal election">1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Swiss_federal_election" title="1854 Swiss federal election">1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_Swiss_federal_election" title="1857 Swiss federal election">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Swiss_federal_election" title="1860 Swiss federal election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_Swiss_federal_election" title="1863 Swiss federal election">1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Swiss_federal_election" title="1866 Swiss federal election">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Swiss_federal_election" title="1869 Swiss federal election">1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Swiss_federal_election" title="1872 Swiss federal election">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Swiss_federal_election" title="1875 Swiss federal election">1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_Swiss_federal_election" title="1878 Swiss federal election">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_Swiss_federal_election" title="1881 Swiss federal election">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Swiss_federal_election" title="1884 Swiss federal election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Swiss_federal_election" title="1887 Swiss federal election">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_Swiss_federal_election" title="1890 Swiss federal election">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Swiss_federal_election" title="1893 Swiss federal election">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Swiss_federal_election" title="1896 Swiss federal election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_Swiss_federal_election" title="1899 Swiss federal election">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_Swiss_federal_election" title="1902 Swiss federal election">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Swiss_federal_election" title="1905 Swiss federal election">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Swiss_federal_election" title="1908 Swiss federal election">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Swiss_federal_election" title="1911 Swiss federal election">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Swiss_federal_election" title="1914 Swiss federal election">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Swiss_federal_election" title="1917 Swiss federal election">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Swiss_federal_election" title="1919 Swiss federal election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Swiss_federal_election" title="1922 Swiss federal election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Swiss_federal_election" title="1925 Swiss federal election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Swiss_federal_election" title="1928 Swiss federal election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Swiss_federal_election" title="1931 Swiss federal election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Swiss_federal_election" title="1935 Swiss federal election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Swiss_federal_election" title="1939 Swiss federal election">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Swiss_federal_election" title="1943 Swiss federal election">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Swiss_federal_election" title="1947 Swiss federal election">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Swiss_federal_election" title="1951 Swiss federal election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Swiss_federal_election" title="1955 Swiss federal election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Swiss_federal_election" title="1959 Swiss federal election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Swiss_federal_election" title="1963 Swiss federal election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Swiss_federal_election" title="1967 Swiss federal election">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Swiss_federal_election" title="1971 Swiss federal election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Swiss_federal_election" title="1975 Swiss federal election">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Swiss_federal_election" title="1979 Swiss federal election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Swiss_federal_election" title="1983 Swiss federal election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Swiss_federal_election" title="1987 Swiss federal election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Swiss_federal_election" title="1991 Swiss federal election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Swiss_federal_election" title="1995 Swiss federal election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Swiss_federal_election" title="1999 Swiss federal election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Swiss_federal_election" title="2003 Swiss federal election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Swiss_federal_election" title="2007 Swiss federal election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Swiss_federal_election" title="2011 Swiss federal election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Swiss_federal_election" title="2015 Swiss federal election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Swiss_federal_election" title="2019 Swiss federal election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Swiss_federal_election" title="2023 Swiss federal election">2023</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_federal_referendums" title="List of Swiss federal referendums">Referendums</a></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1798_Helvetic_Republic_constitutional_referendum" title="1798 Helvetic Republic constitutional referendum">1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1802_Helvetic_Republic_constitutional_referendum" title="1802 Helvetic Republic constitutional referendum">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Swiss_constitutional_referendum" title="1848 Swiss constitutional referendum">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Swiss_referendum" title="1866 Swiss referendum">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Swiss_constitutional_referendum" title="1872 Swiss constitutional referendum">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Swiss_constitutional_referendum" title="1874 Swiss constitutional referendum">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Swiss_referendum" title="1875 Swiss referendum">1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Swiss_referendums" title="1876 Swiss referendums">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_Swiss_referendum" title="1877 Swiss referendum">1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_Swiss_referendums" title="1879 Swiss referendums">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Swiss_constitutional_referendum" title="1880 Swiss constitutional referendum">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1882_Swiss_referendums" title="1882 Swiss referendums">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Swiss_referendum" title="1884 Swiss referendum">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_Swiss_constitutional_referendum" title="1885 Swiss constitutional referendum">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Swiss_referendums" title="1887 Swiss referendums">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1889_Swiss_insolvency_referendum" title="1889 Swiss insolvency referendum">1889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_Swiss_insurance_referendum" title="1890 Swiss insurance referendum">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_Swiss_referendums" title="1891 Swiss referendums">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Swiss_animal_protection_referendum" title="1893 Swiss animal protection referendum">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Swiss_referendums" title="1894 Swiss referendums">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_Swiss_referendums" title="1895 Swiss referendums">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Swiss_referendum" title="1896 Swiss referendum">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_Swiss_referendums" title="1897 Swiss referendums">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_Swiss_referendums" title="1898 Swiss referendums">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Swiss_referendums" title="1900 Swiss referendums">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_Swiss_schools_referendum" title="1902 Swiss schools referendum">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_Swiss_referendums" title="1903 Swiss referendums">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Swiss_copyright_referendum" title="1905 Swiss copyright referendum">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Swiss_foodstuffs_referendum" title="1906 Swiss foodstuffs referendum">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_Swiss_armed_forces_referendum" title="1907 Swiss armed forces referendum">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Swiss_referendums" title="1908 Swiss referendums">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_Swiss_electoral_system_referendum" title="1910 Swiss electoral system referendum">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Swiss_insurance_referendum" title="1912 Swiss insurance referendum">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Swiss_disease_control_referendum" title="1913 Swiss disease control referendum">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Swiss_constitutional_referendum" title="1914 Swiss constitutional referendum">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Swiss_war_tax_referendum" title="1915 Swiss war tax referendum">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Swiss_stamp_duty_referendum" title="1917 Swiss stamp duty referendum">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Swiss_referendums" title="1918 Swiss referendums">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Swiss_referendums" title="1919 Swiss referendums">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Swiss_referendums" title="1920 Swiss referendums">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_Swiss_referendums" title="1921 Swiss referendums">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Swiss_referendums" title="1922 Swiss referendums">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Swiss_referendums" title="1923 Swiss referendums">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Swiss_employment_protection_referendum" title="1924 Swiss employment protection referendum">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Swiss_referendums" title="1925 Swiss referendums">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Swiss_grain_supply_referendum" title="1926 Swiss grain supply referendum">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Swiss_referendum" title="1927 Swiss referendum">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Swiss_referendums" title="1928 Swiss referendums">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Swiss_referendums" title="1929 Swiss referendums">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Swiss_alcohol_referendum" title="1930 Swiss alcohol referendum">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Swiss_referendums" title="1931 Swiss referendums">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Swiss_federal_salaries_referendum" title="1933 Swiss federal salaries referendum">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Swiss_public_order_referendum" title="1934 Swiss public order referendum">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Swiss_referendums" title="1935 Swiss referendums">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Swiss_freemasonry_referendum" title="1937 Swiss freemasonry referendum">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Swiss_referendums" title="1938 Swiss referendums">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Swiss_referendums" title="1939 Swiss referendums">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Swiss_military_referendum" title="1940 Swiss military referendum">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Swiss_alcohol_referendum" title="1941 Swiss alcohol referendum">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Swiss_referendums" title="1942 Swiss referendums">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Swiss_unfair_competition_referendum" title="1944 Swiss unfair competition referendum">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Swiss_referendums" title="1945 Swiss referendums">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Swiss_referendums" title="1946 Swiss referendums">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Swiss_referendums" title="1947 Swiss referendums">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Swiss_sugar_industry_referendum" title="1948 Swiss sugar industry referendum">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Swiss_referendums" title="1949 Swiss referendums">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Swiss_referendums" title="1950 Swiss referendums">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Swiss_referendums" title="1951 Swiss referendums">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Swiss_referendums" title="1952 Swiss referendums">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Swiss_referendums" title="1953 Swiss referendums">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Swiss_referendums" title="1954 Swiss referendums">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Swiss_tenant_and_consumer_protection_referendum" title="1955 Swiss tenant and consumer protection referendum">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Swiss_referendums" title="1956 Swiss referendums">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Swiss_referendums" title="1957 Swiss referendums">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Swiss_referendums" title="1958 Swiss referendums">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Swiss_referendums" title="1959 Swiss referendums">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Swiss_referendums" title="1960 Swiss referendums">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Swiss_referendums" title="1961 Swiss referendums">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Swiss_referendums" title="1962 Swiss referendums">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Swiss_referendums" title="1963 Swiss referendums">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Swiss_referendums" title="1964 Swiss referendums">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Swiss_referendums" title="1965 Swiss referendums">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Swiss_referendum" title="1966 Swiss referendum">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Swiss_real_estate_referendum" title="1967 Swiss real estate referendum">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Swiss_referendums" title="1968 Swiss referendums">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Swiss_referendums" title="1969 Swiss referendums">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Swiss_referendums" title="1970 Swiss referendums">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Swiss_referendums" title="1971 Swiss referendums">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Swiss_referendums" title="1972 Swiss referendums">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Swiss_referendums" title="1973 Swiss referendums">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Swiss_referendums" title="1974 Swiss referendums">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Swiss_referendums" title="1975 Swiss referendums">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Swiss_referendums" title="1976 Swiss referendums">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Swiss_referendums" title="1977 Swiss referendums">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Swiss_referendums" title="1978 Swiss referendums">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Swiss_referendums" title="1979 Swiss referendums">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Swiss_referendums" title="1980 Swiss referendums">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Swiss_referendums" title="1981 Swiss referendums">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Swiss_referendums" title="1982 Swiss referendums">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Swiss_referendums" title="1983 Swiss referendums">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Swiss_referendums" title="1984 Swiss referendums">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Swiss_referendums" title="1985 Swiss referendums">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Swiss_referendums" title="1986 Swiss referendums">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Swiss_referendums" title="1987 Swiss referendums">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Swiss_referendums" title="1988 Swiss referendums">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Swiss_referendums" title="1989 Swiss referendums">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Swiss_referendums" title="1990 Swiss referendums">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Swiss_referendums" title="1991 Swiss referendums">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Swiss_referendums" title="1992 Swiss referendums">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Swiss_referendums" title="1993 Swiss referendums">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Swiss_referendums" title="1994 Swiss referendums">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Swiss_referendums" title="1995 Swiss referendums">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Swiss_referendums" title="1996 Swiss referendums">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Swiss_referendums" title="1997 Swiss referendums">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Swiss_referendums" title="1998 Swiss referendums">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Swiss_referendums" title="1999 Swiss referendums">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Swiss_referendums" title="2000 Swiss referendums">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Swiss_referendums" title="2001 Swiss referendums">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Swiss_referendums" title="2002 Swiss referendums">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Swiss_referendums" title="2003 Swiss referendums">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Swiss_referendums" title="2004 Swiss referendums">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Swiss_referendums" title="2005 Swiss referendums">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Swiss_referendums" title="2006 Swiss referendums">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Swiss_referendums" title="2007 Swiss referendums">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Swiss_referendums" title="2008 Swiss referendums">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Swiss_referendums" title="2009 Swiss referendums">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Swiss_referendums" title="2010 Swiss referendums">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Swiss_gun_control_initiative" title="2011 Swiss gun control initiative">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Swiss_referendums" title="2012 Swiss referendums">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Swiss_referendums" title="2013 Swiss referendums">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Swiss_referendums" title="2014 Swiss referendums">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Swiss_referendums" title="2015 Swiss referendums">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Swiss_referendums" title="2016 Swiss referendums">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Swiss_referendums" title="2017 Swiss referendums">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Swiss_referendums" title="2018 Swiss referendums">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Swiss_referendums" title="2019 Swiss referendums">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Swiss_referendums" title="2020 Swiss referendums">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Swiss_referendums" title="2021 Swiss referendums">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Swiss_referendums" title="2022 Swiss referendums">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Swiss_referendums" title="2023 Swiss referendums">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Swiss_referendums" title="2024 Swiss referendums">2024</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_referendum" title="Mandatory referendum">Mandatory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Optional_referendum" title="Optional referendum">Optional</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_popular_initiative" title="Federal popular initiative">Popular initiative</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_courts_of_Switzerland" title="Federal courts of Switzerland">Federal courts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Federal Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Criminal_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Criminal Court of Switzerland">Federal Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Administrative_Court_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Administrative Court (Switzerland)">Federal Administrative Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Patent_Court_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Patent Court (Switzerland)">Federal Patent Court</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">European Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cantons</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">Zurich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Cantonal legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Cantonal executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipalities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="List of municipalities of Switzerland">(Full list of Municipalities)</a> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Aargau" title="Municipalities of the canton of Aargau">Aargau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Innerrhoden#Political_subdivisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden#Municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Basel-Landschaft" title="Municipalities of the canton of Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Basel-Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Bern" title="Municipalities of the canton of Bern">Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Fribourg" title="Municipalities of the canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Geneva" title="Municipalities of the canton of Geneva">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Glarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Glarus">Glarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Municipalities of the canton of Graubünden">Graubünden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Jura" title="Municipalities of the canton of Jura">Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Lucerne" title="Municipalities of the canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Municipalities of the canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Nidwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Obwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Obwalden">Obwalden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Schaffhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Schwyz" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Solothurn" title="Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn">Solothurn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Municipalities of the canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Thurgau" title="Municipalities of the canton of Thurgau">Thurgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Ticino" title="Municipalities of the canton of Ticino">Ticino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Uri" title="Municipalities of the canton of Uri">Uri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Valais" title="Municipalities of the canton of Valais">Valais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Vaud" title="Municipalities of the canton of Vaud">Vaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Zug" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Zug">Zug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Zurich" title="Municipalities of the canton of Zurich">Zurich</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Template:Politics of Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Template talk:Politics of Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 26 <b>cantons of Switzerland</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are the <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">member states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss Confederation</a>. The nucleus of the Swiss Confederacy in the form of the first three confederate allies used to be referred to as the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Waldst%C3%A4tte" title="Waldstätte">Waldstätte</a></i></span>. Two important periods in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a> are summarized by the terms <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Eight_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Cantons">Acht Orte</a></i></span> ('Eight Cantons'; from 1353 to 1481) and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen Cantons">Dreizehn Orte</a></i></span> ('Thirteen Cantons', from 1513 to 1798).<sup id="cite_ref-chrono_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chrono-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each canton of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a>, formerly also <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ort</i></span> ('lieu/locality', from before 1450), or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stand</i></span> ('estate', from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1550</span>), was a fully <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign state</a> with its own border controls, army, and currency from at least the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Westphalia">Treaty of Westphalia</a> (1648) until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848, with a brief period of centralised government during the <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a> (1798–1803). The term <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kanton</i></span> has been widely used since the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-HLS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of cantons was increased to 19 with the <a href="/wiki/Mediation_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediation (Switzerland)">Act of Mediation</a> (1803), with the recognition of former subject territories as full cantons. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Treaty" title="Federal Treaty">Federal Treaty</a> of 1815 increased the number to 22 due to the accession of former <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy#Associates" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">associates of the Old Swiss Confederacy</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">canton of Jura</a> acceded as the 23rd canton with its <a href="/wiki/Jura_separatism" title="Jura separatism">secession</a> from <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a> in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official number of cantons was increased to 26 in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">federal constitution of 1999</a>, which designated former half-cantons as cantons. </p><p>The areas of the cantons vary from 37 km<sup>2</sup> (15 sq. mi.) (<a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a>) to 7,105 km<sup>2</sup> (2743 sq. mi.) (<a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a>); the populations (as of 2018) range from 16,000 (<a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a>) to 1.5 million (<a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canton#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:canton">canton</a></i>, now also used as the English term for <a href="/wiki/Canton_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton (country subdivision)">administrative subdivisions</a> of other countries, originates in <a href="/wiki/Middle_French" title="Middle French">French</a> usage in the late 15th century (recorded in Fribourg in 1467),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from a word for "edge, corner", at the time the literal translation of <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_High_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern High German">Early Modern High German</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">ort</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1490, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">canton</i></span> was increasingly used in French and Italian documents to refer to the members of the Swiss Confederacy.<sup id="cite_ref-HLS_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English use of <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canton" class="extiw" title="wikt:canton">canton</a></i> in reference to the Swiss Confederacy (as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Canton_(heraldry)" title="Canton (heraldry)">heraldic sense</a>) dates to the early 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Old Swiss Confederacy, the term <i lang="de"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ort#German" class="extiw" title="wikt:Ort">Ort</a></i> (plural: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Orte</i></span>) was in use from the early 15th century as a generic term for the member cantons.<sup id="cite_ref-HLS_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The founding cantons specifically were also known as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Waldst%C3%A4tte" title="Waldstätte">Waldstätte</a></i></span> 'forest settlements' (singular: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Waldstatt</i></span>). The formulaic <span title="Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)-language text"><i lang="gmh">Stette und Waldstette</i></span> for the members of the early confederacy is recorded in the mid-14th century, used interchangeably with <span title="Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)-language text"><i lang="gmh">Stett und Lender</i></span> ('cities and lands', 'city cantons and rural cantons') until the late 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Stette_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stette-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ort</i></span> was increasingly replaced by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stand</i></span> (plural: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stände</i></span>) '<a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">estate</a>' about 1550, a term taken to imply liberty and sovereignty. Abolished in the Helvetic Republic, the term 'Stand' was revived in 1815 and remains in use today.<sup id="cite_ref-HLS_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French term <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">canton</i></span> adopted into German <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">after 1648</a>, and then only in occasional use until the early 19th century: prominent usage of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ort</i></span> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stand</i></span> gradually disappeared in German-speaking Switzerland from the time of the <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a>. Only with the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a> of 1803 did German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kanton</i></span> become an official designation, retained in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Constitution">Swiss Constitution</a> of 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-HLS_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HLS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stand</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">état</i>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">stato</i>) remains in synonymous usage and is reflected in the name of the upper chamber of the Swiss Parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Council of States</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Ständerat</i>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Conseil des États</i>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Consiglio degli Stati</i>, <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">Cussegl dals Stadis</i>). </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Republic"></span> In the modern era, since Neuchâtel ceased to be a principality in 1848, all Swiss cantons can be considered to have a <a href="/wiki/Government#Republics" title="Government">republican form of government</a>. Some cantons formally describe themselves as <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republics</a> in their constitutions. This applies to the Romance-speaking cantons in particular: <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva</a> (formally <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">République et canton de Genève</i></span>, 'Republic and canton of Geneva'), <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Valais">Valais</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Vaud">Vaud</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Eight_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Cantons">Eight Cantons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen Cantons">Thirteen Cantons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_in_Switzerland" title="Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland">Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">Switzerland as a federal state</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Flags_and_coats_of_arms_of_cantons_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags and coats of arms of cantons of Switzerland">Flags and coats of arms of cantons of Switzerland</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png/360px-Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png/540px-Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png/720px-Karte_13_Alte_Orte.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1652" /></a><figcaption>The "Thirteen-Canton Confederation" of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a> (1513–1798)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 16th century, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a> was composed of 13 sovereign confederate allies (the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen Cantons">Thirteen Cantons</a>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Die Dreizehn Alten Orte</i>), and there were two different kinds: five rural states (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Länder</i>) – <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a> (which became <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Switzerland" title="Name of Switzerland">eponymous</a> of the confederacy), <a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell">Appenzell</a> – and eight urban states (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Städte</i>) – <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Luzern" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Luzern">Luzern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>. </p><p>Though they were technically part of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, they had become <i>de facto</i> independent when the Swiss <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dornach" title="Battle of Dornach">defeated</a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Maximilian_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Maximilian I">Emperor Maximilian I</a> in 1499 in Dornach.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early modern period, the individual confederate allies came to be seen as <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republics</a>; while the six traditional allies had a tradition of <a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">direct democracy</a> in the form of the <i><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></i>, the urban states operated via <a href="/wiki/Representation_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Representation (politics)">representation</a> in city councils, de facto <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarchic</a> systems dominated by families of the <a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)">patriciate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The old system was abandoned with the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a> following the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Switzerland" title="French invasion of Switzerland">French invasion of Switzerland</a> in 1798. The cantons of the Helvetic Republic had merely the status of an <a href="/wiki/Canton_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton (country subdivision)">administrative subdivision</a> with no sovereignty. The Helvetic Republic collapsed within five years, and cantonal sovereignty was restored with the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a> of 1803. The status of Switzerland as a federation of states was restored, at the time including 19 cantons (the six accessions to the early modern Thirteen Cantons being composed of former associates and subject territories: <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a>). Three additional western cantons, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Valais">Valais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva</a>, acceded in 1815. </p><p>The process of "Restoration", completed by 1830, returned most of the former feudal rights to the cantonal <a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)">patriciates</a>, leading to rebellions among the rural population. The <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland">Radicals</a> embodied these democratic forces calling for a new federal constitution. This tension, paired with <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">religious issues</a> ("Jesuit question") escalated into armed conflict in the 1840s, with the brief <a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_War" title="Sonderbund War">Sonderbund War</a>. The victory of the Liberal-Radicals resulted in the formation of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">Switzerland as a federal state</a> in 1848. The cantons retained far-reaching sovereignty but were no longer allowed to maintain individual standing armies or international relations. As the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">revolutions of 1848</a> in Western Europe had failed elsewhere, Switzerland during the later 19th century (and with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a>, until the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>) found itself as an isolated democratic republic, surrounded by the restored monarchies of <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">Germany</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutions_and_powers">Constitutions and powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Constitutions and powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">List of cantonal executives of Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Federal_Cupola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Federal_Cupola.jpg/220px-Federal_Cupola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Federal_Cupola.jpg/330px-Federal_Cupola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Federal_Cupola.jpg/440px-Federal_Cupola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3136" data-file-height="2792" /></a><figcaption>The 22 cantonal coats of arms (all but Jura, with the half-cantons represented jointly) in <a href="/wiki/Standesscheibe" title="Standesscheibe">stained glass</a> set in the dome of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Palace_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Palace of Switzerland">Federal Palace of Switzerland</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Swiss Federal Constitution</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> declares the cantons to be sovereign to the extent that their sovereignty is not limited by federal law.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_Modern_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS_Modern-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Areas specifically reserved to the Confederation are the armed forces, currency, the postal service, telecommunications, immigration into and emigration from the country, granting asylum, conducting foreign relations with sovereign states, civil and criminal law, weights and measures, and customs duties. </p><p>Each canton has its own <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Switzerland" title="Law enforcement in Switzerland">police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">courts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_Modern_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS_Modern-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to the Confederation, a <a href="/wiki/Directorial_system" title="Directorial system">directorial system</a> of government is followed by the cantons. </p><p>The cantonal legislatures are <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliaments</a>, with their size varying between 58 and 200 seats. A few legislatures also involve or did involve general popular assemblies known as <i><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinden</a></i>; the use of this form of legislature has declined: at present, it exists only in the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus</a>. The cantonal executives consist of either five or seven members, depending on the canton.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the names of the institutions, see the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">list of cantonal executives</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">list of cantonal legislatures</a>. </p><p>The cantons retain all powers and competencies not delegated to the Confederation by the federal constitution or law: most significantly the cantons are responsible for <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">healthcare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welfare_(financial_aid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare (financial aid)">welfare</a>, law enforcement, <a href="/wiki/Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education">public education</a>, and retain the power of <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Switzerland" title="Taxation in Switzerland">taxation</a>. Each canton defines its official language(s). Cantons may conclude <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaties</a> not only with other cantons but also with foreign states (respectively Articles 48 and 56 of the Federal Constitution). </p><p>The cantonal constitutions determine the internal organisation of the canton, including the degree of autonomy accorded to the <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">municipalities</a>, which varies but almost always includes the power to levy taxes and pass municipal laws; some municipalities have their own police forces. </p><p>As at the federal level, all cantons provide for some form of <a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">direct democracy</a>. Citizens may demand a popular vote to amend the cantonal constitution or laws or to veto laws or spending bills passed by the parliament. Other than in the instances of general popular assemblies in Appenzell Innerrhoden and Glarus, democratic rights are exercised by secret ballot. The <a href="/wiki/Right_of_foreigners_to_vote_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of foreigners to vote in Switzerland">right of foreigners to vote</a> varies by canton, as does whether Swiss citizens living abroad (and registered to vote in a canton) can take part in cantonal voting. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationality_law" title="Swiss nationality law">Swiss citizens</a> are citizens of a particular municipality (the <a href="/wiki/Place_of_origin" title="Place of origin">place of origin</a>) and the canton in which that municipality is part. Cantons, therefore, have a role in and set requirements for the granting of citizenship (naturalisation), though the process is typically undertaken at a municipal level and is subject to federal law. </p><p>Switzerland has only one federal public holiday (1 August); public holidays otherwise <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Switzerland" title="Public holidays in Switzerland">vary from canton to canton</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cantons are listed in their order of precedence given in the federal constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reflects the historical order of precedence of the <a href="/wiki/Eight_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Cantons">Eight Cantons</a> in the 15th century, followed by the remaining cantons in the order of their historical accession to the confederacy.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th style="max-width:2em;"><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_coats_of_arms_of_cantons_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags and coats of arms of cantons of Switzerland">Arms</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Data_codes_for_Switzerland#Cantons" title="Data codes for Switzerland">Code</a> </th> <th>Name in official language(s) </th> <th>Name in English </th> <th><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland" title="History of Switzerland">As a Swiss canton since</a> </th> <th>Capital </th> <th>GDP (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />in million CHF </th> <th>GDP per<br />capita (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />in CHF </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number">Population<br /><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Area <span style="font-size:85%;">(km<sup>2</sup>)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Density</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(per km<sup>2</sup>)</span> <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">No. munic. (2018)</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_geography_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic geography of Switzerland">Official languages</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Zürich"><img alt="Coat of arms of Zürich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Z%C3%BCrich_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="492" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: blue;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">ZH </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Zürich</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">Zurich</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1351 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">149,004 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">96,359 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_ZH_29-0" class="cite-bracket">1,553,423</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,729</td> <td style="text-align:right">898 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">166 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Bern_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Bern"><img alt="Coat of arms of Bern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wappen_Bern_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Bern_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wappen_Bern_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Bern_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wappen_Bern_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Bern_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: black;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">BE </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Bern</span></span>; <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Berne</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a> / Berne </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1353 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">80,209 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">77,027 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_BE_30-0" class="cite-bracket">1,043,132</td> <td style="text-align:right">5,960</td> <td style="text-align:right">175 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">347 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Luzern"><img alt="Coat of arms of Luzern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: blue;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">LU </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Luzern</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1332 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">28,176 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">67,936 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_LU_31-0" class="cite-bracket">416,347</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,494</td> <td style="text-align:right">279 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">83 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Uri_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Uri"><img alt="Coat of arms of Uri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Wappen_Uri_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Uri_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Wappen_Uri_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Uri_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Wappen_Uri_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Uri_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="619" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: yellow;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: black;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">UR </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Uri</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1291<br /><sup id="cite_ref-founding_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founding-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">1,985 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">54,006 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_UR_33-0" class="cite-bracket">36,819</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,077</td> <td style="text-align:right">34 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em">20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Schwyz_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Schwyz"><img alt="Coat of arms of Schwyz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Wappen_Schwyz_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Schwyz_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Wappen_Schwyz_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Schwyz_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Wappen_Schwyz_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Schwyz_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">      </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">SZ </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Schwyz</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1291<br /><sup id="cite_ref-founding_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founding-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">9,876 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">61,223 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_SZ_34-0" class="cite-bracket">162,157</td> <td style="text-align:right">908</td> <td style="text-align:right">179 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Obwalden"><img alt="Coat of arms of Obwalden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="647" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center">OW </td> <th style="text-align:left"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Obwalden</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden</a> / Obwald </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1291<br /><sup id="cite_ref-founding_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founding-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1315 (as part of <a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">2,564 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">67,453 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_OW_35-0" class="cite-bracket">38,108</td> <td style="text-align:right">491</td> <td style="text-align:right">78 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Nidwalden_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Nidwalden"><img alt="Coat of arms of Nidwalden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wappen_Nidwalden_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Nidwalden_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wappen_Nidwalden_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Nidwalden_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wappen_Nidwalden_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Nidwalden_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="2298" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">NW </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Nidwalden</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a> / Nidwald </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1291<br /><sup id="cite_ref-founding_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founding-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (as <a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">2,867 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">66,209 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_NW_36-0" class="cite-bracket">43,520</td> <td style="text-align:right">276</td> <td style="text-align:right">158 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Glarus_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Glarus"><img alt="Coat of arms of Glarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Wappen_Glarus_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Glarus_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Wappen_Glarus_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Glarus_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Wappen_Glarus_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Glarus_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">  </span><span style="background-color: black;color:black;"> </span><span style="background-color: white;color:black;"> </span><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">  </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">GL </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Glarus</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1352 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">2,763 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">67,849 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_GL_37-0" class="cite-bracket">40,851</td> <td style="text-align:right">685</td> <td style="text-align:right">60 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Zug_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Zug"><img alt="Coat of arms of Zug" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Wappen_Zug_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Zug_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Wappen_Zug_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Zug_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Wappen_Zug_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Zug_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="494" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">  </span><span style="background-color: blue;color:black;">  </span><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">  </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">ZG </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Zug</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug</a> / Zoug </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1352 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">20,029 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">156,210 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_ZG_38-0" class="cite-bracket">128,794</td> <td style="text-align:right">239</td> <td style="text-align:right">539 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Freiburg_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Fribourg"><img alt="Coat of arms of Fribourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Wappen_Freiburg_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Freiburg_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Wappen_Freiburg_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Freiburg_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Wappen_Freiburg_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Freiburg_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="765" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: black;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">FR </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Fribourg</span></span>; <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Freiburg</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a> / Freiburg </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1481 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">19,180 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">59,263 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_FR_39-0" class="cite-bracket">325,496</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,671</td> <td style="text-align:right">195 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">136 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Solothurn_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Solothurn"><img alt="Coat of arms of Solothurn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wappen_Solothurn_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Solothurn_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wappen_Solothurn_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Solothurn_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wappen_Solothurn_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Solothurn_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">SO </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Solothurn</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn</a> / Soleure </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1481 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">18,029 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">65,237 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_SO_40-0" class="cite-bracket">277,462</td> <td style="text-align:right">790</td> <td style="text-align:right">351 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">109 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Basel-City"><img alt="Coat of arms of Basel-City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Basel-Stadt_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="613" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: black;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">BS </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Basel-Stadt</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a> / Basel-City </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1501 (as <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel</a> until 1833/1999) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">37,168 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">189,354 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Basel_stat_2021_41-0" class="cite-bracket">201,156</td> <td style="text-align:right">37</td> <td style="text-align:right">5,444 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Kanton_Basel-Landschaft.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Basel-Country"><img alt="Coat of arms of Basel-Country" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_arms_of_Kanton_Basel-Landschaft.svg/25px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kanton_Basel-Landschaft.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_arms_of_Kanton_Basel-Landschaft.svg/38px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kanton_Basel-Landschaft.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_arms_of_Kanton_Basel-Landschaft.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kanton_Basel-Landschaft.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">BL </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Basel-Landschaft</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a> / Basel-Country </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1501 (as <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel</a> until 1833/1999) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">20,567 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">70,866 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-BL_Stat_2021_42-0" class="cite-bracket">292,955</td> <td style="text-align:right">518</td> <td style="text-align:right">566 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em">86 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Schaffhausen_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Schaffhausen"><img alt="Coat of arms of Schaffhausen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wappen_Schaffhausen_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Schaffhausen_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wappen_Schaffhausen_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Schaffhausen_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wappen_Schaffhausen_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Schaffhausen_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="2298" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: black;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: yellow;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">SH </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Schaffhausen</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a> / Schaffhouse </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1501 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">7,244 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">87,569 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_SH_43-0" class="cite-bracket">83,107</td> <td style="text-align:right">298</td> <td style="text-align:right">278 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Appenzell Ausserrhoden"><img alt="Coat of arms of Appenzell Ausserrhoden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Wappen_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Wappen_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Wappen_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="494" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: black;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">AR </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</a> / Appenzell Outer-Rhodes </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1513 (as <a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell</a> until 1597/1999) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">3,190 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">57,601 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_AR_45-0" class="cite-bracket">55,309</td> <td style="text-align:right">243</td> <td style="text-align:right">228 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Appenzell_Innerrhoden_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Appenzell Innerrhoden"><img alt="Coat of arms of Appenzell Innerrhoden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wappen_Appenzell_Innerrhoden_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Appenzell_Innerrhoden_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wappen_Appenzell_Innerrhoden_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Appenzell_Innerrhoden_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wappen_Appenzell_Innerrhoden_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Appenzell_Innerrhoden_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="494" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: black;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">AI </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Appenzell Innerrhoden</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a> / Appenzell Inner-Rhodes </th> <td style="text-align:center">1513 (as <a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell</a> until 1597/1999) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">1,043 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">64,358 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_AI_46-0" class="cite-bracket">16,293</td> <td style="text-align:right">172</td> <td style="text-align:right">94 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of St. Gallen"><img alt="Coat of arms of St. Gallen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg/25px-Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg/38px-Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="679" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: green;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">SG </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">St. Gallen</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a> / St. Gall </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1803<br /><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">38,041 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">74,210 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_SG_48-0" class="cite-bracket">514,504</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,031</td> <td style="text-align:right">253 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">77 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Graubünden"><img alt="Coat of arms of Graubünden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg/25px-CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg/38px-CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg/50px-CHE_Graub%C3%BCnden_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="265" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: black;color:black;">  </span><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">  </span><span style="background-color: blue;color:black;">  </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">GR </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Graubünden</span></span>; <span title="Romansh-language text"><span lang="rm" style="font-style: normal;">Grischun</span></span>; <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Grigioni</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a> / Graubünden </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1803<br /><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">14,519 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">72,754 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_GR_50-0" class="cite-bracket">200,096</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,105</td> <td style="text-align:right">28 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em">108 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Aargau_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Aargau"><img alt="Coat of arms of Aargau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Wappen_Aargau_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Aargau_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Wappen_Aargau_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Aargau_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Wappen_Aargau_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Aargau_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="619" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: black;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: SkyBlue;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">AG </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Aargau</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Aargau" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Aargau">Aargau</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1803<br /><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em">43,590 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em">63,177 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_AG_52-0" class="cite-bracket">694,072</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,404</td> <td style="text-align:right">494 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em">212 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Thurgau_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Thurgau"><img alt="Coat of arms of Thurgau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wappen_Thurgau_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Thurgau_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wappen_Thurgau_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Thurgau_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wappen_Thurgau_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Thurgau_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: green;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">TG </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Thurgau</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Thurgau" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Thurgau">Thurgau</a> / Thurgovia </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1803<br /><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">17,208 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">61,190 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_TG_55-0" class="cite-bracket">282,909</td> <td style="text-align:right">992</td> <td style="text-align:right">285 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">80 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Tessin_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Ticino"><img alt="Coat of arms of Ticino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Wappen_Tessin_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Tessin_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Wappen_Tessin_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Tessin_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Wappen_Tessin_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Tessin_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="494" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: blue;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">TI </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Ticino</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a> / Tessin </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1803<br /><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em">29,311 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em">83,450 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_TI_57-0" class="cite-bracket">350,986</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,812</td> <td style="text-align:right">125 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">115 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Vaud"><img alt="Coat of arms of Vaud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: green;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">VD </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Vaud</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1803<br /><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">56,898 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">70,250 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_VD_59-0" class="cite-bracket">814,762</td> <td style="text-align:right">3,212</td> <td style="text-align:right">254 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">309 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Valais"><img alt="Coat of arms of Valais" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">VS </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Valais</span></span>; <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Wallis</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1815<br /><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">19,194 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">55,313 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_VS_61-0" class="cite-bracket">348,503</td> <td style="text-align:right">5,224</td> <td style="text-align:right">67 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">126 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Neuchâtel"><img alt="Coat of arms of Neuchâtel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: green;color:black;">  </span><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">  </span><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">  </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">NE </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Neuchâtel</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1815/1857<br /><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">15,343 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">87,080 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_NE_63-0" class="cite-bracket">175,894</td> <td style="text-align:right">802</td> <td style="text-align:right">219 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Genf_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Geneva"><img alt="Coat of arms of Geneva" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Genf_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Genf_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Genf_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Genf_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Genf_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Genf_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: yellow;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">GE </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Genève</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1815<br /><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">51,976 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">102,876 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_GE_65-0" class="cite-bracket">506,343</td> <td style="text-align:right">282</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,792 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">45 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Jura_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Jura"><img alt="Coat of arms of Jura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Wappen_Jura_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Jura_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Wappen_Jura_matt.svg/38px-Wappen_Jura_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Wappen_Jura_matt.svg/50px-Wappen_Jura_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> <p><span style="background-color: white;color:black;">   </span><span style="background-color: red;color:black;">   </span> </p> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">JU </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Jura</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1979<br /><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">4,687 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">63,643 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_JU_67-0" class="cite-bracket">73,709</td> <td style="text-align:right">839</td> <td style="text-align:right">88 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">55 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #dcdcdc;" class="sortbottom"> <td>- </td> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland"><img alt="Coat of arms of Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg/25px-Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">CH </td> <th style="text-align:left;"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft</span></span>;<br /><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Confédération suisse</span></span>;<br /><span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Confederazione Svizzera</span></span>;<br /><span title="Romansh-language text"><span lang="rm" style="font-style: normal;">Confederaziun svizra</span></span> </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Confederation">Swiss Confederation</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1815/1848<br /><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>) </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">694,662 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">80,418 </td> <td style="text-align:right" id="cite_ref-Stat2020_CH_69-0" class="cite-bracket">8,670,300</td> <td style="text-align:right">41,291</td> <td style="text-align:right">210 </td> <td style="padding-right:1em;">2,222 </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The two-letter abbreviations for Swiss cantons are widely used, e.g. on <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Switzerland" title="Vehicle registration plates of Switzerland">car license plates</a>. They are also used in the <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CH" title="ISO 3166-2:CH">ISO 3166-2 codes of Switzerland</a> with the prefix "CH-" (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Conf%C5%93deratio_Helvetica" class="mw-redirect" title="Confœderatio Helvetica">Confœderatio Helvetica</a></i></span> — Helvetian Confederation — <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Helvetia#Name_of_Switzerland" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a></i></span> having been the ancient Roman name of the region). <i>CH-SZ</i>, for example, is used for the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">canton of Schwyz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Half-cantons">Half-cantons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Half-cantons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Half-canton"></span>Six of the 26 cantons are traditionally, but no longer officially, called "half-cantons" (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Halbkanton</i>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">demi-canton</i>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">semicantone</i>, <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">mez-chantun</i>). In two instances (Basel and Appenzell) this was a consequence of a historic division, whilst in the case of Unterwalden a historic mutual association, resulting in three pairs of half-cantons. The other 20 cantons were, and in some instances still are<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—though only in a context where it is needed to distinguish them from any half-cantons—typically termed "full" cantons in English.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first article of the 1848 and 1874 constitutions constituted the Confederation as the union of "twenty-two sovereign cantons", referring to the half-cantons as "<a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">ob und nid dem Wald</i></span> ['<a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">above</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">beneath</a> the woods'])", "Basel (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadt und Landschaft</i></span> ['city and country'])" and "Appenzell (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">beider Rhoden</i></span> ['both Rhoden'])".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1874 constitution was amended to list 23 cantons with the accession of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Canton of Jura</a> in 1978. </p><p>The historic half-cantons, and their pairings, are still recognizable in the first article of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Swiss Federal Constitution</a> of 1999 by being joined to their other "half" with the conjunction "and": </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The People and the cantons of Zurich, Bern, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, <u><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Obwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Obwalden">Obwalden</a></u> and <u><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Nidwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a></u>, Glarus, Zug, Fribourg, Solothurn, <u><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a></u> and <u><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a></u>, Schaffhausen, <u><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</a></u> and <u><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a>,</u> St. Gallen, Graubünden, Aargau, Thurgau, Ticino, Vaud, Valais, Neuchâtel, Geneva, and Jura form the Swiss Confederation.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Article 1 of the Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The 1999 constitutional revision retained the traditional distinction, on the request of the six cantonal governments, as a way to mark the historic association of the half-cantons to each other.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the older constitutions referred to these states as "half-cantons", a term that remains in popular use, the 1999 revision and official terminology since then use the appellation "cantons with half of a cantonal vote".<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Swiss_franc" title="Coins of the Swiss franc"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000076-QINU`"'</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>, 1 and 2 francs coins</a> as minted since 1874 represent the number of cantons by 22 stars surrounding the figure of <a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a> on the obverse. The design of the coins was altered to show 23 stars, including Jura, beginning with the 1983 batch. The design has remained unchanged since, and does not reflect the official number of "26 cantons" introduced in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karikatur_Teilung_Basels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Karikatur_Teilung_Basels.jpg/220px-Karikatur_Teilung_Basels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Karikatur_Teilung_Basels.jpg/330px-Karikatur_Teilung_Basels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Karikatur_Teilung_Basels.jpg/440px-Karikatur_Teilung_Basels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1786" data-file-height="1091" /></a><figcaption>Caricature of the division of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel</a>, 1833</figcaption></figure> <p>The reasons for the existence of the three pairs of half-cantons are varied: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a> never consisted of a single unified jurisdiction. Originally, Obwalden, Nidwalden, and the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Engelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of Engelberg">Abbey of Engelberg</a> formed distinct communities. The collective term <i>Unterwalden</i> remains in use, however, for the area that partook in the creation of the original Swiss confederation in 1291 with <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Federal Charter of 1291</a> called for representatives from each of the three "areas".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The historical <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell">canton of Appenzell</a> divided itself into "inner" and "outer" halves as a consequence of the <a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation in Switzerland</a> in 1597:<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Innerrhoden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a>).</li> <li>The historical <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">canton of Basel</a> was divided in 1833 after the Basel countryside (which became the canton of <a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a>) declared its independence from the city of Basel (which became the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel-Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Basel-Stadt">canton of Basel-Stadt</a>), following a period of protest and armed conflict about the under-representation of the more populous countryside in the canton's political system.</li></ul> <p>With their original circumstances of partition now a historical matter, the half-cantons are since 1848 equal to the other cantons in all but two respects:<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>They elect only one member of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Council_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Council of States">Council of States</a> instead of two (Cst. art. 150 par. 2). This means there are a total of 46 seats in the council.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Switzerland#Constitutional_referendums_(Popular_initiatives)" title="Voting in Switzerland">popular referendums</a> about constitutional amendments, which require for adoption a national popular majority as well as the assent of a majority of the cantons (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ständemehr</i></span> / <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">majorité des cantons</i></span></i>), the result of the half-cantons' popular vote counts only one half of that of the other cantons (Cst. arts. 140, 142).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that for purposes of a constitutional referendum, at least 12 out of a total of 23 cantonal popular votes must support the amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Between 1831 and 1833 the canton of Schwyz was divided into half-cantons: (Inner) Schwyz and the break-away <a href="/wiki/Outer_Schwyz" title="Outer Schwyz">Outer Schwyz</a>; in this instance, the half-cantons were forced by the Confederation to settle their disputes and reunite. </p><p>In the 20th century, some <a href="/wiki/Jura_separatism" title="Jura separatism">Jura separatists</a> suggested a new canton of Jura to be divided into half-cantons of North Jura and South Jura.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, North Jura became the (full) <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">canton of Jura</a> while South Jura remains in the canton of Bern as the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_canton_of_Bern" title="Subdivisions of the canton of Bern">region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Jura" title="Bernese Jura">Bernese Jura</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names_in_national_languages">Names in national languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Names in national languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of each canton in its own official language is shown in bold. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">Abbr</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>AG </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Aargau" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Aargau">Aargau</a>; Argovia </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/60\/De-Aargau.ogg\/De-Aargau.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Aargau<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Aargau.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/De-Aargau.ogg/De-Aargau.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Aargau</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Aargau.ogg" title="File:De-Aargau.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Argovie </td> <td>Argovia </td> <td><b><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6f\/Roh-Argovia.ogg\/Roh-Argovia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Argovia"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Argovia.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/Roh-Argovia.ogg/Roh-Argovia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Argovia</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Argovia.ogg" title="File:Roh-Argovia.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>AI </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Innerrhoden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a>; Appenzell Inner-Rhodes </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f3\/De-Appenzell-Innerrhoden.ogg\/De-Appenzell-Innerrhoden.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Appenzell Innerrhoden<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Appenzell-Innerrhoden.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/De-Appenzell-Innerrhoden.ogg/De-Appenzell-Innerrhoden.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Appenzell Innerrhoden</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Appenzell-Innerrhoden.ogg" title="File:De-Appenzell-Innerrhoden.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Appenzell Rhodes-Intérieures </td> <td>Appenzello Interno </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8d\/Roh-Appenzell_Dadens.ogg\/Roh-Appenzell_Dadens.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Appenzell Dadens"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Appenzell Dadens.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Roh-Appenzell_Dadens.ogg/Roh-Appenzell_Dadens.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Appenzell Dadens</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Appenzell_Dadens.ogg" title="File:Roh-Appenzell Dadens.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>AR </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden</a>; Appenzell Outer-Rhodes </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/61\/De-Appenzell-Ausserrhoden.ogg\/De-Appenzell-Ausserrhoden.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Appenzell Ausserrhoden<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Appenzell-Ausserrhoden.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/De-Appenzell-Ausserrhoden.ogg/De-Appenzell-Ausserrhoden.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Appenzell Ausserrhoden</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Appenzell-Ausserrhoden.ogg" title="File:De-Appenzell-Ausserrhoden.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Appenzell Rhodes-Extérieures </td> <td>Appenzello Esterno </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-6" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/35\/Roh-Appenzell_Dadora.ogg\/Roh-Appenzell_Dadora.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Appenzell Dador"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Appenzell Dadora.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/Roh-Appenzell_Dadora.ogg/Roh-Appenzell_Dadora.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Appenzell Dador</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Appenzell_Dadora.ogg" title="File:Roh-Appenzell Dadora.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>BS </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a>; Basel-City </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-7" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/13\/De-Basel-Stadt.ogg\/De-Basel-Stadt.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Basel-Stadt<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Basel-Stadt.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/De-Basel-Stadt.ogg/De-Basel-Stadt.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Basel-Stadt</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Basel-Stadt.ogg" title="File:De-Basel-Stadt.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Bâle-Ville </td> <td>Basilea Città </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-8" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/73\/Roh-Basilea-Citad.ogg\/Roh-Basilea-Citad.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Basilea-Citad"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Basilea-Citad.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Roh-Basilea-Citad.ogg/Roh-Basilea-Citad.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Basilea-Citad</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Basilea-Citad.ogg" title="File:Roh-Basilea-Citad.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>BL </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a>; Basel-Country </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-9" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/59\/De-Basel-Landschaft.ogg\/De-Basel-Landschaft.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Basel-Landschaft<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Basel-Landschaft.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/De-Basel-Landschaft.ogg/De-Basel-Landschaft.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Basel-Landschaft</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Basel-Landschaft.ogg" title="File:De-Basel-Landschaft.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Bâle-Campagne </td> <td>Basilea Campagna </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-10" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a6\/Roh-Basilea-Champagna.ogg\/Roh-Basilea-Champagna.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Basilea-Champagna"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Basilea-Champagna.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Roh-Basilea-Champagna.ogg/Roh-Basilea-Champagna.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Basilea-Champagna</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Basilea-Champagna.ogg" title="File:Roh-Basilea-Champagna.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>BE </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a>; Berne </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-11" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1d\/De-Bern.ogg\/De-Bern.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Bern<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Bern.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/De-Bern.ogg/De-Bern.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Bern</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Bern.ogg" title="File:De-Bern.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td><b>Berne</b> </td> <td>Berna </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-12" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/38\/Roh-Berna.ogg\/Roh-Berna.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Berna"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Berna.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Roh-Berna.ogg/Roh-Berna.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Berna</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Berna.ogg" title="File:Roh-Berna.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>FR </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a>; Friburg<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-13" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2b\/De-Freiburg.ogg\/De-Freiburg.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Freiburg<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Freiburg.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/De-Freiburg.ogg/De-Freiburg.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Freiburg</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Freiburg.ogg" title="File:De-Freiburg.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td><b>Fribourg</b> </td> <td>Friburgo </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-14" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a7\/Roh-Friburg.ogg\/Roh-Friburg.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Friburg"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Friburg.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/Roh-Friburg.ogg/Roh-Friburg.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Friburg</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Friburg.ogg" title="File:Roh-Friburg.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>GE </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Genève</a>; Geneva </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-15" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ec\/De-Genf.ogg\/De-Genf.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Genf"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Genf.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/De-Genf.ogg/De-Genf.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Genf</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Genf.ogg" title="File:De-Genf.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td><b>Genève</b> </td> <td>Ginevra </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-16" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1b\/Roh-Genevra.ogg\/Roh-Genevra.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Genevra"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Genevra.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/Roh-Genevra.ogg/Roh-Genevra.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Genevra</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Genevra.ogg" title="File:Roh-Genevra.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>GL </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus</a>; Glaris<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-17" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/05\/De-Glarus.ogg\/De-Glarus.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Glarus<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Glarus.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/De-Glarus.ogg/De-Glarus.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Glarus</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Glarus.ogg" title="File:De-Glarus.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Glaris </td> <td>Glarona </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-18" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/44\/Roh-Glaruna.ogg\/Roh-Glaruna.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Glaruna"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Glaruna.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Roh-Glaruna.ogg/Roh-Glaruna.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Glaruna</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Glaruna.ogg" title="File:Roh-Glaruna.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>GR </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a>; Graubünden </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-19" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0e\/De-Graubuenden.ogg\/De-Graubuenden.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Graub\u00fcnden<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Graubuenden.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/De-Graubuenden.ogg/De-Graubuenden.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Graubünden</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Graubuenden.ogg" title="File:De-Graubuenden.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Grisons </td> <td><b>Grigioni</b> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-20" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2c\/Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg\/Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Grischun<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg/Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Grischun</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg" title="File:Roh-sursilvan-grischun.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>JU </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-21" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fe\/De-Jura.ogg\/De-Jura.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Jura"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Jura.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/De-Jura.ogg/De-Jura.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Jura</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Jura.ogg" title="File:De-Jura.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td><b>Jura</b> </td> <td>Giura </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-22" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/79\/Roh-Giura.ogg\/Roh-Giura.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Giura"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Giura.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/Roh-Giura.ogg/Roh-Giura.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Giura</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Giura.ogg" title="File:Roh-Giura.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>LU </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-23" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/11\/De-Luzern.ogg\/De-Luzern.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Luzern<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Luzern.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/De-Luzern.ogg/De-Luzern.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Luzern</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Luzern.ogg" title="File:De-Luzern.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Lucerne </td> <td>Lucerna </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-24" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5a\/Roh-Lucerna.ogg\/Roh-Lucerna.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Lucerna"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Lucerna.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/Roh-Lucerna.ogg/Roh-Lucerna.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Lucerna</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Lucerna.ogg" title="File:Roh-Lucerna.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>NE </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-25" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b2\/De-Neuenburg.ogg\/De-Neuenburg.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Neuenburg"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Neuenburg.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/De-Neuenburg.ogg/De-Neuenburg.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Neuenburg</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Neuenburg.ogg" title="File:De-Neuenburg.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td><b>Neuchâtel</b> </td> <td>Neuchâtel </td> <td>Neuchâtel </td></tr> <tr> <th>NW </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a>; Nidwald<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-26" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b1\/De-Nidwalden.ogg\/De-Nidwalden.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Nidwalden<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Nidwalden.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/De-Nidwalden.ogg/De-Nidwalden.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Nidwalden</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Nidwalden.ogg" title="File:De-Nidwalden.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Nidwald </td> <td>Nidvaldo </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-27" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b6\/Roh-Sutsilvania.ogg\/Roh-Sutsilvania.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Sutsilvania"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Sutsilvania.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/Roh-Sutsilvania.ogg/Roh-Sutsilvania.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Sutsilvania</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Sutsilvania.ogg" title="File:Roh-Sutsilvania.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>OW </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden</a>; Obwald<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-28" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0f\/De-Obwalden.ogg\/De-Obwalden.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Obwalden<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Obwalden.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/De-Obwalden.ogg/De-Obwalden.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Obwalden</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Obwalden.ogg" title="File:De-Obwalden.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Obwald </td> <td>Obvaldo </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-29" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/35\/Roh-Sursilvania.ogg\/Roh-Sursilvania.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Sursilvania"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Sursilvania.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/Roh-Sursilvania.ogg/Roh-Sursilvania.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Sursilvania</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Sursilvania.ogg" title="File:Roh-Sursilvania.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>SH </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>; Schaffhouse </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-30" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9e\/De-Schaffhausen.ogg\/De-Schaffhausen.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Schaffhausen<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Schaffhausen.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/De-Schaffhausen.ogg/De-Schaffhausen.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Schaffhausen</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Schaffhausen.ogg" title="File:De-Schaffhausen.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Schaffhouse </td> <td>Sciaffusa </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-31" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b8\/Roh-Schaffusa.ogg\/Roh-Schaffusa.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Schaffusa"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Schaffusa.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/Roh-Schaffusa.ogg/Roh-Schaffusa.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Schaffusa</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Schaffusa.ogg" title="File:Roh-Schaffusa.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>SZ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-32" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d5\/De-Schwyz.ogg\/De-Schwyz.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Schwyz<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Schwyz.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/De-Schwyz.ogg/De-Schwyz.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Schwyz</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Schwyz.ogg" title="File:De-Schwyz.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Schwyz (or Schwytz) </td> <td>Svitto </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-33" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/75\/Roh-Sviz.ogg\/Roh-Sviz.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Sviz"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Sviz.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/Roh-Sviz.ogg/Roh-Sviz.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Sviz</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Sviz.ogg" title="File:Roh-Sviz.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>SO </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn</a>; Soleure </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-34" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2f\/De-Solothurn.ogg\/De-Solothurn.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Solothurn<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Solothurn.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/De-Solothurn.ogg/De-Solothurn.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Solothurn</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Solothurn.ogg" title="File:De-Solothurn.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Soleure </td> <td>Soletta </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-35" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/58\/Roh-Soloturn.ogg\/Roh-Soloturn.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Soloturn"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Soloturn.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/Roh-Soloturn.ogg/Roh-Soloturn.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Soloturn</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Soloturn.ogg" title="File:Roh-Soloturn.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>SG </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>; St Gall </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-36" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7a\/De-StGallen.ogg\/De-StGallen.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>St. Gallen<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-StGallen.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/De-StGallen.ogg/De-StGallen.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>St. Gallen</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-StGallen.ogg" title="File:De-StGallen.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Saint-Gall </td> <td>San Gallo </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-37" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/09\/Roh-Sogn_Gagl.ogg\/Roh-Sogn_Gagl.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Son Gagl"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Sogn Gagl.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/Roh-Sogn_Gagl.ogg/Roh-Sogn_Gagl.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Son Gagl</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Sogn_Gagl.ogg" title="File:Roh-Sogn Gagl.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>TG </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Thurgau" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Thurgau">Thurgau</a>; Thurgovia </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-38" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1e\/De-Thurgau.ogg\/De-Thurgau.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Thurgau<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Thurgau.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/De-Thurgau.ogg/De-Thurgau.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Thurgau</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Thurgau.ogg" title="File:De-Thurgau.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Thurgovie </td> <td>Turgovia </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-39" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/19\/Roh-Turgovia.ogg\/Roh-Turgovia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Turgovia"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Turgovia.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/19/Roh-Turgovia.ogg/Roh-Turgovia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Turgovia</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Turgovia.ogg" title="File:Roh-Turgovia.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>TI </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>; Tessin </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-40" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/90\/De-Tessin.ogg\/De-Tessin.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Tessin"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Tessin.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/De-Tessin.ogg/De-Tessin.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Tessin</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Tessin.ogg" title="File:De-Tessin.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Tessin </td> <td><b>Ticino</b> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-41" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c3\/Roh-Tessin.ogg\/Roh-Tessin.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Tessin"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Tessin.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Roh-Tessin.ogg/Roh-Tessin.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Tessin</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Tessin.ogg" title="File:Roh-Tessin.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>UR </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-42" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6e\/De-Uri.ogg\/De-Uri.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Uri<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Uri.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/De-Uri.ogg/De-Uri.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Uri</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Uri.ogg" title="File:De-Uri.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Uri </td> <td>Uri </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-43" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e1\/Roh-Uri.ogg\/Roh-Uri.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Uri"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Uri.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Roh-Uri.ogg/Roh-Uri.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Uri</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Uri.ogg" title="File:Roh-Uri.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>VS </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a>; Wallis </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-44" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/df\/De-Wallis.ogg\/De-Wallis.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Wallis<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Wallis.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/De-Wallis.ogg/De-Wallis.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Wallis</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Wallis.ogg" title="File:De-Wallis.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td><b>Valais</b> </td> <td>Vallese </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-45" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f1\/Roh-Vallais.ogg\/Roh-Vallais.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Vallais"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Vallais.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Roh-Vallais.ogg/Roh-Vallais.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Vallais</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Vallais.ogg" title="File:Roh-Vallais.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>VD </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-46" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/90\/De-Waadt.ogg\/De-Waadt.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Waadt"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Waadt.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/De-Waadt.ogg/De-Waadt.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Waadt</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Waadt.ogg" title="File:De-Waadt.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td><b>Vaud</b> </td> <td>Vaud </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-47" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b8\/Roh-Vad.ogg\/Roh-Vad.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Vad"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Vad.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/Roh-Vad.ogg/Roh-Vad.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Vad</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Vad.ogg" title="File:Roh-Vad.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ZG </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug</a>; Zoug </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-48" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c7\/De-Zug.ogg\/De-Zug.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Zug<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Zug.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/De-Zug.ogg/De-Zug.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Zug</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Zug.ogg" title="File:De-Zug.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Zoug </td> <td>Zugo </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-49" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b9\/Roh-Zug.ogg\/Roh-Zug.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Zug"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-Zug.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/Roh-Zug.ogg/Roh-Zug.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Zug</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-Zug.ogg" title="File:Roh-Zug.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>ZH </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich</a>; Zurich </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-50" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c6\/De-Z%C3%BCrich.ogg\/De-Z%C3%BCrich.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<b>Z\u00fcrich<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Z\u00fcrich.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/De-Z%C3%BCrich.ogg/De-Z%C3%BCrich.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><b>Zürich</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Z%C3%BCrich.ogg" title="File:De-Zürich.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>Zurich </td> <td>Zurigo </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-51" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6e\/Roh-sursilvan-turitg.ogg\/Roh-sursilvan-turitg.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Turitg"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Roh-sursilvan-turitg.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Roh-sursilvan-turitg.ogg/Roh-sursilvan-turitg.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Turitg</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Roh-sursilvan-turitg.ogg" title="File:Roh-sursilvan-turitg.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Admission_of_new_cantons">Admission of new cantons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Admission of new cantons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Switzerland" title="Territorial evolution of Switzerland">Territorial evolution of Switzerland</a></div> <p>The enlargement of Switzerland by way of the admission of new cantons ended in 1815. The latest formal attempt considered by Switzerland was <a href="/wiki/1919_Vorarlberg_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1919 Vorarlberg referendum">in 1919</a> from <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg" title="Vorarlberg">Vorarlberg</a> but subsequently rejected. A few representatives submitted in 2010 a parliamentary motion to consider enlargement although it was widely seen as anti-EU rhetoric rather than a serious proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-Tages-Anzeiger_11_June_2010_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tages-Anzeiger_11_June_2010-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motion was eventually dropped and not even examined by the parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Federal_Assembly_—_The_Swiss_Parliament_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Federal_Assembly_—_The_Swiss_Parliament-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/28px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/56px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_bank" title="Cantonal bank">Cantonal bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_police" title="Cantonal police">Cantonal police</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conference_of_the_Cantonal_Governments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conference of the Cantonal Governments (page does not exist)">Conference of the Cantonal Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_codes_for_Switzerland#Cantons" title="Data codes for Switzerland">Data codes for Switzerland § Cantons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_arms_of_cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Flags and arms of cantons of Switzerland">Flags and arms of cantons of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Swiss cantons by GDP">List of Swiss cantons by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantons_of_Switzerland_by_elevation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation">List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_planning_in_Switzerland" title="Spatial planning in Switzerland">Spatial planning in Switzerland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug</a> was the exception in this, in being an urban state and still holding a <i>Landsgemeinde</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="what does this source say exactly? it's true that these "republics" were de facto oligarchies, but this applies to both the rural cantons and the urban cantons, and this was indeed understood in the term "republic" at the time. So what exactly is this reference used in support of? the text used to refer to "noble families", while in fact, the oligarchy was a matter of an urban (non-noble) ''patriciate'' (October 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is the order generally used in Swiss official documents. At the head of the list are the three city cantons that were considered preeminent in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a>; the other cantons are listed in order of accession to the Confederation. This traditional order of precedence among the cantons has no practical relevance in the modern federal state, in which the cantons are equal to one another, although it still determines formal precedence among the cantons' officials (see <a href="/wiki/Swiss_order_of_precedence" title="Swiss order of precedence">Swiss order of precedence</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cantonal coats of arms shown with cantonal heraldic colors (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Standesfarben</i></span>). <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Standesfarben</i></span> were used to identify the (historical) cantons when the full banner was not available for display, although there is overlap; Unterwalden and Solothurn share the same colours, as do Basel and Appenzell, and with the accession of the modern cantons, Valais and Basel-City, and St. Gallen and Thurgau.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See references for dates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Per km<sup>2</sup>, see References for dates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-founding-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-founding_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-founding_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-founding_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-founding_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">founding <a href="/wiki/Waldst%C3%A4tte" title="Waldstätte">forest-canton</a>, foundation date traditionally given as either 1307, 1304 or 1291 (see <a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seat of government and parliament is <a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a>; the seat of the judicial authorities is <a href="/wiki/Trogen,_Switzerland" title="Trogen, Switzerland">Trogen</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a>; formed out of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_S%C3%A4ntis" title="Canton of Säntis">Canton of Säntis</a> and the northern half of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Linth" title="Canton of Linth">Canton of Linth</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a>; formerly the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Raetia" title="Canton of Raetia">Canton of Raetia</a>, comprising the earlier <a href="/wiki/Three_Leagues" title="Three Leagues">Three Leagues</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a>; created from the cantons of Aargau (canton of the <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a>, from territory previously controlled by Bern) and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Baden" title="Canton of Baden">Baden</a> (previously a Swiss condominium), together with <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fricktal" title="Canton of Fricktal">Fricktal</a> (before 1802 not Swiss territory).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a>; coterminous with the canton of Thurgau of the <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a> (1798), formed from the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Thurgau" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Thurgau">county of Thurgau</a>, a Swiss <a href="/wiki/Gemeine_Herrschaften" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeine Herrschaften">condominium</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seat of parliament half-yearly alternates between <a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weinfelden" title="Weinfelden">Weinfelden</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a>; combining the former cantons of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bellinzona" title="Canton of Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lugano" title="Canton of Lugano">Lugano</a>; see <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ennetbirgische_Vogteien" class="mw-redirect" title="Ennetbirgische Vogteien">Ennetbirgische Vogteien</a></i></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a>, formerly <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_L%C3%A9man" title="Canton of Léman">Canton of Léman</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration (Switzerland)">Restoration</a>, until 1798 the <a href="/wiki/Prince-bishopric_of_Sion" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-bishopric of Sion">Prince-bishopric of Sion</a> and the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_des_Sept-Dizains" class="mw-redirect" title="République des Sept-Dizains">République des Sept-Dizains</a></i></span>, briefly annexed by France as <a href="/wiki/Simplon_(department)" title="Simplon (department)">Simplon <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">département</i></span></a> during 1810–1813.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">claimed by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_III_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William III of Prussia">Frederick William III of Prussia</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel_Crisis" title="Neuchâtel Crisis">Neuchâtel Crisis</a> of 1856–1857</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">previously an independent <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Geneva" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Geneva">republic</a>, annexed by <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">France</a> during 1798–1813.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jura_separatism" title="Jura separatism">seceded from Bern</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration (Switzerland)">Restored Confederacy</a> of 1815 had the <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Borders of Switzerland">modern borders</a> and introduced the modern Swiss coat of arms, but the cantons remained largely sovereign, without a federal government or parliament. The <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">federal constitution of 1848</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Federal Assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Council of Switzerland">Federal Council</a> and the notion of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss citizenship">federal citizenship</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The most commonly used forms in English are mostly adopted from either French or German; in some cases, there may have been a historical shift in preference, e.g. from the French form <i>Berne</i> to the German form <i>Bern</i>; in individual cases, the Latin form may be current, certainly in the case of <i>Geneva</i> and arguably for <i>Argovia, Thurgovia</i>. Actual anglicized forms have been used, for example <i><a href="/wiki/Basel#Name" title="Basel">Basle</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Kanton</i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">canton</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[kɑ̃tɔ̃]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">cantone</i>; <a href="/wiki/Sursilvan" title="Sursilvan">Sursilvan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surmiran" class="mw-redirect" title="Surmiran">Surmiran</a>: <span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm-sursilv">cantun</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Vallader" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallader">Vallader</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puter" class="mw-redirect" title="Puter">Puter</a>: <span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm-vallader">Chantun</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Sutsilvan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutsilvan">Sutsilvan</a>: <span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm-sutsilv">cantùn</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Rumantsch_Grischun" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumantsch Grischun">Rumantsch Grischun</a>: <span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm">chantun</i></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chrono-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chrono_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">rendered "the 'confederacy of eight'" and "the 'Thirteen-Canton Confederation'", respectively, in: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eda.admin.ch/aboutswitzerland/en/home/geschichte/uebersicht.html">"Chronology"</a> (official site). Bern, Switzerland: The Swiss Federal Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology&rft.place=Bern%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=The+Swiss+Federal+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eda.admin.ch%2Faboutswitzerland%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fgeschichte%2Fuebersicht.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HLS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HLS_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLS_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLS_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLS_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLS_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Andreas Kley: <i>Kantone</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D26414.php"><span title="Kantone in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F26414.php"><span title="Kantone in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I26414.php"><span title="Kantone in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>, 13 April 2016. "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die Bündnispartner der frühen Eidgenossenschaft wurden im 14. Jh. meist als Städte und Länder, ab der 1. Hälfte des 15. Jh. immer mehr als Orte bezeichnet.</i></span>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> François Schifferdecker, François Kohler: <i>Jura (canton)</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7399.php"><span title="Jura (canton) in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7399.php"><span title="Jura (canton) in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I7399.php"><span title="Jura (canton) in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>, 20 July 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Comptes Trés.</i> 129, <i>Archives nat. ds Pat. Suisse rom.</i>, cited after <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/canton">TFLi</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">"So werden die Cantons der Schweizer daselbst nur Orte, oder Ortschaften genannt. Das gleichbedeutende Canton stammet auf ähnliche Art von Kante, Ecke, ab, wie Ort von Ort, Ecke."</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Adelung" title="Johann Christoph Adelung">Johann Christoph Adelung</a>, Grammatisch-kritisches Wörterbuch der Hochdeutschen Mundart (1774–1786), s.v. "Der Ort". Old French <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canton#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:canton">canton</a></i></span> 'corner, angle' is a loan from <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>, first recorded in the 13th century, in Occitan adopted from <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Italic_languages" title="Gallo-Italic languages">North Italian</a> <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">cantone</i></span>, where the sense "portion of territory" alongside "edge, corner" developed from by the early 11th century (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/canton">TFLi</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Etymonline.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Etymonline.com">etymonline.com</a>: "1530s, 'corner, angle,' [...] From 1570s as a term in heraldry and flag descriptions. From c. 1600 as 'a subdivision of a country;' applied to the sovereign states of the Swiss republic from the 1610s."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stette-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stette_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Josef Wiget: <i>Waldstätte</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7465.php"><span title="Waldstätte in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7465.php"><span title="Waldstätte in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I7465.php"><span title="Waldstätte in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>, 27 December 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HLS: Insbesonders die um 1550 aufgekommene Benennung als Stand, die Freiheit und Souveränität implizierte, erfreute sich grösserer Beliebtheit. Die Helvet. Revolution brachte 1798 die Begriffe Ort und Stand zum Verschwinden. Für die neuen obersten Gebietseinheiten innerhalb der Helvet. Republik setzte sich die Bezeichnung Kanton durch. Nach der Mediationsakte (1803) galten die Begriffe Kanton und Stand synonym, nach dem Bundesvertrag (1815) benannten sich die K. bevorzugt als Stände. Im Bundesstaat bezeichnen die Bundesverfassungen seit 1848 die "souveränen" Gliedstaaten des Bundes als K., in dt. Sprache synonym auch als Stände.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HLS: Als franz. Entsprechung zu Ort fand der Begriff canton (Winkel, Landschaft, Ort) zuerst in der Westschweiz Verwendung; ab 1475 ist er in Freiburger Akten überliefert. Die Bezeichnung der eidg. Orte als K. verbreitete sich ab den 1490er Jahren im franz. und ital. Sprachgebiet und bald auch in andern Teilen Europas. Im deutschsprachigen Raum dagegen erscheint er erst ab 1650, ohne sich gegen die bevorzugten Begriffe Ort und Stand durchzusetzen.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/131_232/a1.html">"Constitution du Canton du Valais"</a>. Swiss Federal Council. <q><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Valais est une république démocratique, souveraine ... incorporée comme Canton à la Confédération suisse.</i></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+du+Canton+du+Valais&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.admin.ch%2Fch%2Ff%2Frs%2F131_232%2Fa1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/131_231/a1.html">"Constitution du canton de Vaud"</a>. Swiss Federal Council. <q><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Canton de Vaud est une république démocratique [... qui] est l'un des États de la Confédération suisse.</i></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+du+canton+de+Vaud&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.admin.ch%2Fch%2Ff%2Frs%2F131_231%2Fa1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/opc/it/classified-compilation/18300001/index.html">"Costituzione della Repubblica e Cantone del Ticino, del 4 luglio 1830"</a> (in Italian). Swiss Federal Council. <q><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le canton du Tessin est une république démocratique [... qui] est membre de la Confédération suisse et sa souveraineté n'est limitée que par la constitution fédérale.</i></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Costituzione+della+Repubblica+e+Cantone+del+Ticino%2C+del+4+luglio+1830&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.admin.ch%2Fopc%2Fit%2Fclassified-compilation%2F18300001%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Switzerland/History/Shaking off the Empire"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Switzerland/History/Shaking_off_the_Empire">"Switzerland/History/Shaking off the Empire" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Switzerland%2FHistory%2FShaking+off+the+Empire&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson Spielvogel, <i>Western Civilization: Volume I: To 1715</i>, (Cengage 2008), p. 386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official and updated <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/index.html">Swiss Federal Constitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160621000507/https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/index.html">Archived</a> 21 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (English)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS_Modern-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_Modern_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_Modern_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cantons, In the Federal State since 1848</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D26414.php"><span title="Cantons, In the Federal State since 1848 in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F26414.php"><span title="Cantons, In the Federal State since 1848 in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I26414.php"><span title="Cantons, In the Federal State since 1848 in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ch.ch/karte/index.html?lang=en">Swiss Government website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219135444/http://www.ch.ch/karte/index.html?lang=en">Archived</a> 19 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> with links to each cantonal government, accessed 11 November 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430051050/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/regionen/thematische_karten/maps/uebersichtskarte.html">"Regional Portraits: Cantons"</a>. Vaduz, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/regionen/thematische_karten/maps/uebersichtskarte.html">the original</a> on 30 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Portraits%3A+Cantons&rft.place=Vaduz%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Statistical+Office&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fregionen%2Fthematische_karten%2Fmaps%2Fuebersichtskarte.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louis, Mühlemann, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wappen und Fahnen der Schweiz, 700 Jahre</i></span> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Confoederatio Helvetica</i></span>, Lengnau, 3rd ed. 1991. <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Swiss Armed Forces</a>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fahnenreglement</i></span>, Reglement 51.340 d (2013).<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.vtg.admin.ch/content/dam/vtg-internet/de/documents/aktuell/themen/internationale-beziehungen/milit%C3%A4rprotokoll/fahnenreglement51340d.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111201755/https://www.vtg.admin.ch/content/dam/vtg-internet/de/documents/aktuell/themen/internationale-beziehungen/milit%C3%A4rprotokoll/fahnenreglement51340d.pdf">Archived</a> 11 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Statistical_Office2019" class="citation web cs1">Federal Statistical Office (12 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistics/national-economy/national-accounts/gross-domestic-product-canton.assetdetail.10647599.html">"Cantonal gross domestic product (GDP)"</a>. <i>www.bfs.admin.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bfs.admin.ch&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4ndige+und+nichtst%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+institutionellen+Gliederungen%2C+Geburtsort+und+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Fde%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stat2020_GE-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stat2020_GE_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-0102020000_201">"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit"</a>. <i>bfs.admin.ch</i> (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bfs.admin.ch&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4ndige+und+nichtst%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+institutionellen+Gliederungen%2C+Geburtsort+und+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Fde%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stat2020_JU-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stat2020_JU_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-0102020000_201">"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit"</a>. <i>bfs.admin.ch</i> (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bfs.admin.ch&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4ndige+und+nichtst%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+institutionellen+Gliederungen%2C+Geburtsort+und+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Fde%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stat2020_CH-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stat2020_CH_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-0102020000_201">"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit"</a>. <i>bfs.admin.ch</i> (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bfs.admin.ch&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4ndige+und+nichtst%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+institutionellen+Gliederungen%2C+Geburtsort+und+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Fde%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zg.ch/behoerden/direktion-des-innern/kantonales-sozialamt/generationen-und-gesellschaft/integration/8-informationen-fuer-migrantinnen-und-migranten/download/DI-NZZ-en-WEB.pdf">Welcome to the canton of Zug</a> Official document published by the canton of Zug government (PDF)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bhagwan</i> and <i>Bhushan" (2009) World Constitutions - A Comparative Study - Ninth Edition (page 311)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verfassungen.de/ch/verf74-i.htm">Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft vom 29. Mai 1874</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verfassungen.de/ch/verf48.htm">Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft vom 12. September 1848</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span>; author's translation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation of 18 April 1999, SR/RS 101 <sup>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/c101.html">E</a>·<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c101.html">D</a>·<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/c101.html">F</a>·<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/c101.html">I</a>)</sup>, art. 1 <sup>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/101/a1.html">E</a>·<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/101/a1.html">D</a>·<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/101/a1.html">F</a>·<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/101/a1.html">I</a>)</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Felix Hafner / Rainer J. Schweizer in <i>Ehrenzeller</i>, Art. 1 N 2; Häfelin, N 966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Felix Hafner / Rainer J. Schweizer in <i>Ehrenzeller</i>, Art. 1 N 10; Häfelin, N 963</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Swissmint, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissmint.ch/d/downloads/dokumentation/numis_beri/Dominus.pdf">Sterne auf Schweizer Münzen</a> (2008), p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/org/polit/00056/index.html?lang=fr">Pacte fédéral du 1er</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090830062306/http://www.admin.ch/org/polit/00056/index.html?lang=fr">Archived</a> 30 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> août 1291] sur Admin.ch "vallée inférieure d'Unterwald" signifie Nidwald.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hypo.ge.ch/www/cliotexte//html/suisse.histoire.1291.html">Pacte fédéral du 1er août 1291</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013550/http://hypo.ge.ch/www/cliotexte//html/suisse.histoire.1291.html">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sur Cliotexte</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7389-1-10.php">Réforme catholique, Contre-Réforme et scission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720020308/http://hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7389-1-10.php">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Article du dictionnaire historique de la Suisse</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Häfelin, N 963, 967</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-S1fHJiawHUC&dq=%22half-cantons%22&pg=PA120"><i>Swiss Constitutional Law</i></a>, Thomas Fleiner, Alexander Misic, Nicole Töpperwien, Kluwer Law International B.V., 2005, page 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Häfelin, N 950</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBassand1975" class="citation journal cs1">Bassand, Michel (1975). "The Jura Problem". <i>Journal of Peace Research</i>. <b>12</b> (2: Peace Research in Switzerland). Sage Publications: 139–150: 142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002234337501200206">10.1177/002234337501200206</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/423158">423158</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:111181454">111181454</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Peace+Research&rft.atitle=The+Jura+Problem&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2%3A+Peace+Research+in+Switzerland&rft.pages=139-150%3A+142&rft.date=1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A111181454%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F423158%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002234337501200206&rft.aulast=Bassand&rft.aufirst=Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tages-Anzeiger_11_June_2010-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tages-Anzeiger_11_June_2010_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenz2010" class="citation news cs1">Renz, Fabian (11 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/schweiz/standard/SVP-will-der-Schweiz-Nachbargebiete-einverleiben/story/23529806">"SVP will der Schweiz Nachbargebiete einverleiben"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tages-Anzeiger" title="Tages-Anzeiger">Tages-Anzeiger</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tages-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=SVP+will+der+Schweiz+Nachbargebiete+einverleiben&rft.date=2010-06-11&rft.aulast=Renz&rft.aufirst=Fabian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesanzeiger.ch%2Fschweiz%2Fstandard%2FSVP-will-der-Schweiz-Nachbargebiete-einverleiben%2Fstory%2F23529806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Federal_Assembly_—_The_Swiss_Parliament-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Federal_Assembly_—_The_Swiss_Parliament_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaettig2010" class="citation web cs1">Baettig, Dominique (18 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlament.ch/en/ratsbetrieb/suche-curia-vista/geschaeft?AffairId=20103215">"Pour une intégration facilitée de régions limitrophes en qualité de nouveaux cantons suisses"</a>. <i>The Federal Assembly — The Swiss Parliament</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2017</span>. <q>L'intervention est classée, l'auteur ayant quitté le conseil</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Federal+Assembly+%E2%80%94+The+Swiss+Parliament&rft.atitle=Pour+une+int%C3%A9gration+facilit%C3%A9e+de+r%C3%A9gions+limitrophes+en+qualit%C3%A9+de+nouveaux+cantons+suisses&rft.date=2010-03-18&rft.aulast=Baettig&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlament.ch%2Fen%2Fratsbetrieb%2Fsuche-curia-vista%2Fgeschaeft%3FAffairId%3D20103215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Works cited</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrenzellerPhilipp_MastronardiRainer_J._SchweizerKlaus_A._Vallender2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ehrenzeller, Bernhard; Philipp Mastronardi; Rainer J. Schweizer; Klaus A. Vallender, eds. (2002). <i>Die schweizerische Bundesverfassung, Kommentar</i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-905455-70-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-905455-70-6"><bdi>3-905455-70-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+schweizerische+Bundesverfassung%2C+Kommentar&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=3-905455-70-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span>. Cited as <i>Ehrenzeller</i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHäfelinHaller,_WalterKeller,_Helen2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Häfelin, Ulrich; Haller, Walter; Keller, Helen (2008). <i>Schweizerisches Bundesstaatsrecht</i> (in German) (7th ed.). Zürich: Schulthess. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7255-5472-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7255-5472-0"><bdi>978-3-7255-5472-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schweizerisches+Bundesstaatsrecht&rft.place=Z%C3%BCrich&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Schulthess&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-7255-5472-0&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4felin&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rft.au=Haller%2C+Walter&rft.au=Keller%2C+Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACantons+of+Switzerland" class="Z3988"></span> Cited as <i>Häfelin</i>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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href="http://www.badac.ch">Badac</a> – Database on Swiss cantons and cities <span class="languageicon">(in French and German)</span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of a <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article about <span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Switzerland/History" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Switzerland/History">The History of Switzerland</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cantons_and_capitals_of_Switzerland_Three_CantonsEight_CantonsThirteen_CantonsFlags_and_coats_of_arms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Template:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Template talk:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cantons_and_capitals_of_Switzerland_Three_CantonsEight_CantonsThirteen_CantonsFlags_and_coats_of_arms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cantons and capitals of Switzerland</a><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Waldst%C3%A4tte" title="Waldstätte">Three Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Cantons">Eight Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen Cantons">Thirteen Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_arms_of_cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Flags and arms of cantons of Switzerland">Flags and coats of arms</a></span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell (-1597)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Schwyz" title="Outer Schwyz">Outer Schwyz (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden (-15th century)</a></li> <li><i>Helvetic Republic</i> (-1803): <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Baden" title="Canton of Baden">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bellinzona" title="Canton of Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fricktal" title="Canton of Fricktal">Fricktal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_L%C3%A9man" title="Canton of Léman">Léman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Linth" title="Canton of Linth">Linth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lugano" title="Canton of Lugano">Lugano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Oberland" title="Canton of Oberland">Oberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Raetia" title="Canton of Raetia">Raetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_S%C3%A4ntis" title="Canton of Säntis">Säntis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Waldst%C3%A4tten" title="Canton of Waldstätten">Waldstätten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_GRP" title="List of Swiss cantons by GRP">By gross regional product (GRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_elevation" title="List of Swiss cantons by elevation">By elevation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Switzerland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Switzerland_topics" title="Template talk:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Switzerland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Major topics</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland" title="History of Switzerland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Swiss_history" title="Timeline of Swiss history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of Switzerland">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Switzerland" title="Early history of Switzerland">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Switzerland in the Roman era">Roman era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Confederacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Federal Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCtli_Oath" title="Rütli Oath">Rütli Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Switzerland">Early Modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_in_Switzerland" title="Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">Federal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">World wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Switzerland" title="Modern history of Switzerland">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Switzerland" title="Military history of Switzerland">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Switzerland" title="List of wars involving Switzerland">list of wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Switzerland" title="Historiography of Switzerland">Historiography</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Physiographic areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cantons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">BE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">BS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">GE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">JU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">OW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">SG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">SH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">SO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">SZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">TG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">TI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">UR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">VD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">VS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">ZG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">ZH</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of cities in Switzerland">list of cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Switzerland" title="NUTS statistical regions of Switzerland">Statistical regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Switzerland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Switzerland" title="List of earthquakes in Switzerland">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Switzerland" title="List of extreme points of Switzerland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Switzerland" title="Fauna of Switzerland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Switzerland" title="Forests of Switzerland">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Switzerland" title="List of glaciers in Switzerland">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrology_of_Switzerland" title="Hydrology of Switzerland">Hydrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Switzerland" title="List of islands of Switzerland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Switzerland" title="List of lakes of Switzerland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_in_Switzerland" title="List of mountain passes in Switzerland">Mountain passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prominent_mountains_of_Switzerland" title="List of prominent mountains of Switzerland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_parks_in_Switzerland" title="Nature parks in Switzerland">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Switzerland" title="List of rivers of Switzerland">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_courts_of_Switzerland" title="Federal courts of Switzerland">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_administration_of_Switzerland" title="Federal administration of Switzerland">Federal administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Human rights in Switzerland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Switzerland">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Switzerland" title="Law of Switzerland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Switzerland" title="Law enforcement in Switzerland">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Redoubt_(Switzerland)" title="National Redoubt (Switzerland)">National Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Council of States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Switzerland" title="List of political parties in Switzerland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative_in_Switzerland" title="Popular initiative in Switzerland">Popular initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Switzerland" title="Voting in Switzerland">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_decree" title="Federal decree">Federal decree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Switzerland" title="Economy of Switzerland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Switzerland" title="Economic history of Switzerland">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Switzerland" title="Agriculture in Switzerland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Switzerland" title="List of banks in Switzerland">Private banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Switzerland" title="List of companies of Switzerland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Franc <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Switzerland" title="Science and technology in Switzerland">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_made" title="Swiss made">Swiss made</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Switzerland" title="Taxation in Switzerland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Switzerland" title="Telecommunications in Switzerland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Switzerland" title="Tourism in Switzerland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Switzerland" title="Trade unions in Switzerland">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Switzerland" title="Transport in Switzerland">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Switzerland" title="List of airports in Switzerland">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_main_roads" title="List of Swiss main roads">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Society of Switzerland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Switzerland" title="Abortion in Switzerland">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Switzerland" title="Capital punishment in Switzerland">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Switzerland" title="Conscription in Switzerland">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Switzerland" title="Corruption in Switzerland">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Switzerland" title="Crime in Switzerland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland" title="Education in Switzerland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Switzerland" title="Euthanasia in Switzerland">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Switzerland" title="Firearms regulation in Switzerland">Firearms regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Switzerland" title="Health in Switzerland">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Switzerland" title="Healthcare in Switzerland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Switzerland" title="Homelessness in Switzerland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Switzerland" title="Human trafficking in Switzerland">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Switzerland" title="Immigration to Switzerland">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_system_in_Switzerland" title="Pension system in Switzerland">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_Switzerland" title="List of prisons in Switzerland">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Switzerland" title="Poverty in Switzerland">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Switzerland" title="Prostitution in Switzerland">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Switzerland" title="Social security in Switzerland">Social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Policy_in_Switzerland" title="Public Welfare Policy in Switzerland">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Switzerland" title="Women in Switzerland">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Switzerland" title="Culture of Switzerland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Psalm" title="Swiss Psalm">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Switzerland" title="Architecture of Switzerland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland" title="Flag of Switzerland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_folklore" title="Swiss folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben" title="Röstigraben">Röstigraben</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_literature" title="Swiss literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Switzerland" title="Mass media in Switzerland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Switzerland" title="Public holidays in Switzerland">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Day" title="Swiss National Day">National Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Switzerland" title="Sport in Switzerland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Switzerland" title="National symbols of Switzerland">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Inventory_of_Cultural_Property_of_National_and_Regional_Significance" title="Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance">Cultural Property of National Significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Switzerland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Switzerland" title="Category:Switzerland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First-level_administrative_divisions_in_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Articles_on_first-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Template:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Articles_on_first-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Articles_on_first-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First-level_administrative_divisions_in_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">First-level <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative divisions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> countries</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Andorra" title="Parishes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Armenia" title="Administrative divisions of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_states_of_Austria" title="Federal states of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Belarus" title="Regions of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Bulgaria" title="Provinces of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Croatia" title="Counties of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Cyprus" title="Districts of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Regions of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Denmark" title="Regions of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Estonia" title="Counties of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Greece" title="Regions of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Hungary" title="Counties of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Iceland" title="Regions of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Kazakhstan" title="Regions of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Latvia" title="Administrative divisions of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Liechtenstein" title="Municipalities of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Lithuania" title="Counties of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Luxembourg" title="Cantons of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Moldova" title="Administrative divisions of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco#Administrative_divisions" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Montenegro" title="Municipalities of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a 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title="Regions of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Slovenia" title="Municipalities of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Sweden" title="Counties of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey" title="Provinces of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Administrative geography of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Abkhazia" title="Districts of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kosovo" title="Districts of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Districts of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Ossetia" title="Administrative divisions of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Transnistria" title="Administrative divisions of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">Table of administrative divisions by country</a><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><sup>1</sup> Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li><li><sup>2</sup> Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23058#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4139533-5">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/026414">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&oldid=1252468093">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cantons_of_Switzerland&oldid=1252468093</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cantons_of_Switzerland" 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