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<li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_middle_ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_middle_ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early middle ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_middle_ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Old_Swiss_Confederation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Old_Swiss_Confederation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The Old Swiss Confederation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Old_Swiss_Confederation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Reformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Reformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>The Reformation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Reformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Under_the_Helvetic_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_the_Helvetic_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Under the Helvetic Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_the_Helvetic_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_the_Helvetic_Republic_to_the_founding_of_the_Federal_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_the_Helvetic_Republic_to_the_founding_of_the_Federal_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>From the Helvetic Republic to the founding of the Federal State</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_the_Helvetic_Republic_to_the_founding_of_the_Federal_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Obwalden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Obwalden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Modern Obwalden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Obwalden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federal_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Federal elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federal_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Federal election results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cantonal_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cantonal_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cantonal elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cantonal_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historic population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Municipalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Obwalden</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Obwalden" title="Kanton Obwalden – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kanton Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Obwalden" title="Kanton Obwalden – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kanton Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86" title="كانتون أوبفالدن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كانتون أوبفالدن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_d%27Obwalden" title="Cantón d'Obwalden – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cantón d'Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenton_d%E2%80%99Obevalde" title="Quenton d’Obevalde – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Quenton d’Obevalde" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_d%27Obwalden" title="Cantón d'Obwalden – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cantón d'Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obvalden" title="Obvalden – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Obvalden" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86(%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86)" title="اوبولدان(کانتون) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوبولدان(کانتون)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Obwalden" title="Kanton Obwalden – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kanton Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden_Chiu" title="Obwalden Chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Obwalden Chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Обвальдэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Обвальдэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Обвальдэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Обвальдэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Обвалден – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обвалден" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Obwalden" title="Kanton Obwalden – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kanton Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Обвальден – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Обвальден" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Obwalden" title="Kanton Obwalden – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kanton Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden_(kantona)" title="Obwalden (kantona) – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Obwalden (kantona)" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Obwalden" title="Kanton Obwalden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kanton Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwaldeni_kanton" title="Obwaldeni kanton – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Obwaldeni kanton" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Καντόνι του Όμπβαλντεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καντόνι του Όμπβαλντεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_de_Obwalden" title="Cantón de Obwalden – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cantón de Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantono_Obvaldo" title="Kantono Obvaldo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kantono Obvaldo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86" title="کانتون ابوالدن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانتون ابوالدن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_d%27Obwald" title="Canton d'Obwald – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Canton d'Obwald" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden_(Kanton)" title="Obwalden (Kanton) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Obwalden (Kanton)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%B5%EB%B0%9C%EB%8D%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="옵발덴주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="옵발덴주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A2%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Օբվալդեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օբվալդեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="ओबवाल्डन कैन्टन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओबवाल्डन कैन्टन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Obwalden" title="Kanton Obwalden – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kanton Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_de_Obwalden" title="Canton de Obwalden – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Canton de Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Обвальден – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Обвальден" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Obvaldo" title="Canton Obvaldo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Canton Obvaldo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%9F" title="אובוולדן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אובוולדן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ობვალდენის კანტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ობვალდენის კანტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Обвальден – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Обвальден" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsilvania_superior" title="Subsilvania superior – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Subsilvania superior" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obvaldenes_kantons" title="Obvaldenes kantons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Obvaldenes kantons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Obwalden" title="Kanton Obwalden – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kanton Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obvaldenas" title="Obvaldenas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Obvaldenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Obvald" title="Canton Obvald – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Canton Obvald" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden_kanton" title="Obwalden kanton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Obwalden kanton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Обвалден – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Обвалден" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="ओबवाल्डन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओबवाल्डन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86" title="ابوالدن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ابوالدن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%97%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E6%BA%96%E5%B7%9E" title="オプヴァルデン準州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オプヴァルデン準州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden_(Kantoon)" title="Obwalden (Kantoon) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Obwalden (Kantoon)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_de_Sursilv%C3%A0nia" title="Canton de Sursilvània – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Canton de Sursilvània" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%88%D9%86" title="اوبوالڈن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوبوالڈن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86" title="اوب والدن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوب والدن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwald" title="Obwald – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Obwald" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonul_Obwald" title="Cantonul Obwald – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cantonul Obwald" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantun_Sursilvania" title="Chantun Sursilvania – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Chantun Sursilvania" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Обвальден – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обвальден" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoni_Obwalden" title="Kantoni Obwalden – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kantoni Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Obvaldu" title="Canton Obvaldu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Canton Obvaldu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Кантон Обвалден – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кантон Обвалден" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="รัฐอ็อพวัลเดิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐอ็อพวัลเดิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Obwalden" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Обвальден – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Обвальден" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86" title="اوبوالدن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوبوالدن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Obvaldo" title="Canton Obvaldo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Canton Obvaldo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Obwalden&params=46_52_N_8_2_E_region:CH-OW_type:city(38108)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°52′N</span> <span class="longitude">8°2′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.867°N 8.033°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.867; 8.033</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canton of Switzerland</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canton</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Canton of Obwalden</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kanton Obwalden</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Canton of Obwald</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Canton</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canton_of_Obwalden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Canton of Obwalden"><img alt="Flag of Canton of Obwalden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_Canton_of_Obwalden.svg/100px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Obwalden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_Canton_of_Obwalden.svg/150px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Obwalden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_Canton_of_Obwalden.svg/200px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Obwalden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Canton of Obwalden"><img alt="Coat of arms of Canton of Obwalden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg/65px-Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg/98px-Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg/131px-Wappen_Obwalden_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="647" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo.16c636b389ab715d14e6.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Canton of Obwalden"><img alt="Official logo of Canton of Obwalden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Logo.16c636b389ab715d14e6.png/100px-Logo.16c636b389ab715d14e6.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Logo.16c636b389ab715d14e6.png/150px-Logo.16c636b389ab715d14e6.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Logo.16c636b389ab715d14e6.png/200px-Logo.16c636b389ab715d14e6.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="130" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 275px; height: 175px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="275" data-height="175" data-zoom="6" data-lat="46.7" data-lon="8.25" data-overlays="["_6a347c92ca0188c1e0f09bc2841fbe877abfacc4"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/46.7/8.25/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,46.7,8.25,275x175.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Obwalden&revid=1252467255&groups=_6a347c92ca0188c1e0f09bc2841fbe877abfacc4" width="275" height="175" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,46.7,8.25,275x175@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Obwalden&revid=1252467255&groups=_6a347c92ca0188c1e0f09bc2841fbe877abfacc4 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in Switzerland <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid grey;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left;">Map of Obwalden</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Kanton_Obwalden_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Karte_Kanton_Obwalden_2010.png/250px-Karte_Kanton_Obwalden_2010.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Karte_Kanton_Obwalden_2010.png/375px-Karte_Kanton_Obwalden_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Karte_Kanton_Obwalden_2010.png/500px-Karte_Kanton_Obwalden_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="2066" data-file-height="1705" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Obwalden&params=46_52_N_8_2_E_region:CH-OW_type:city(38108)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°52′N</span> <span class="longitude">8°2′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.867°N 8.033°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.867; 8.033</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Obwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the canton of Obwalden">7 municipalities</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Regierungsrat (5)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislative</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kantonsrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantonsrat">Kantonsrat</a> (55)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Area_Canton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area_Canton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">490.58 km<sup>2</sup> (189.41 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(December 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_OW_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_OW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">38,108</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">78/km<sup>2</sup> (200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a> 2.564 billion (2020)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CHF 67,453 (2020)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CH-OW</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantons_of_Switzerland_by_elevation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation">Highest point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,238 m (10,623 ft): <a href="/wiki/Titlis" title="Titlis">Titlis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantons_of_Switzerland_by_elevation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation">Lowest point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">434 m (1,424 ft): <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lucerne" title="Lake Lucerne">Lake Lucerne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland#Order_of_accession_of_the_cantons" title="History of Switzerland">Joined</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1291</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.OW.ch">www<wbr />.ow<wbr />.ch</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Obwalden</b> or <b>Obwald</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Kanton Obwalden</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈɔbˌvaldn̩]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0f\/De-Obwalden.ogg\/De-Obwalden.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Obwalden.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/De-Obwalden.ogg/De-Obwalden.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Obwalden.ogg" title="File:De-Obwalden.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">Chantun Sursilvania</i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Canton d'Obwald</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Canton Obvaldo</i>) is one of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Switzerland">26 cantons</a> forming the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss Confederation</a>. It is composed of seven municipalities and the seat of the government and parliament is in <a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a>. It is traditionally considered a "<a href="/wiki/Half-canton" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-canton">half-canton</a>", the other half being <a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a>. </p><p>Obwalden lies in <a href="/wiki/Central_Switzerland" title="Central Switzerland">Central Switzerland</a> and contains the <a href="/wiki/Geographical_centre_of_Switzerland" title="Geographical centre of Switzerland">geographical centre of Switzerland</a>. It is bordered by the canton of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a> to the north, the canton of Nidwalden and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a> to the east and the canton of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a> to the south. The canton is essentially in the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Sarner_Aa" title="Sarner Aa">Sarner Aa</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lucerne" title="Lake Lucerne">Lake Lucerne</a>, with an exclave around <a href="/wiki/Engelberg" title="Engelberg">Engelberg</a>. </p><p>It is one of the smallest cantons. The largest town is <a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Kerns,_Switzerland" title="Kerns, Switzerland">Kerns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alpnach" title="Alpnach">Alpnach</a>. </p><p>Together with Nidwalden, Obwalden was part of the forest canton of <a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a>, one of the three participants in the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy">foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy</a>, named in the <a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Brunnen" title="Pact of Brunnen">Pact of Brunnen</a> of 1315 with Uri and Schwyz. The division of Unterwalden into two separate territories, Nidwalden and Obwalden, appears to develop over the course of the 14th and 15th centuries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a></div> <p>Obwalden is one of the two valleys, along with Nidwalden, that make up Unterwalden. Throughout its history, the political situation and the extent of its independence have varied widely. Between 1291 and 1309, Unterwalden joined the nascent Swiss Confederation. During that time Obwalden was known as <i>Unterwalden ob dem Kernwald</i> and Nidwalden was <i>Unterwalden nit dem Kernwald</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unterwalden's votes in the <a href="/wiki/Tagsatzung" title="Tagsatzung">Tagsatzung</a> were split between the two valleys. Between 1798 and 1803 it became the District of Sarnen in the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Waldst%C3%A4tten" title="Canton of Waldstätten">Canton of Waldstätten</a>. From 1803 until 1999 it was the half-canton of Obwalden. In 1999, the new Federal Constitution eliminated the half-canton designation and made Obwalden a full canton, though they still shared representation in the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of States of Switzerland">Council of States</a> and only had half a vote.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the complex history of Obwalden there will be some overlap between the histories of Obwalden, Nidwalden, and Unterwalden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest archaeological traces in Obwalden is a stone knife from the 8th millennium BC, which was found in Brand by Lungern. Two <a href="/wiki/Horgen_culture" title="Horgen culture">Horgen culture</a> sites from the 4th millennium BC have been found in the Canton. An ax and two bone blades were found in Giswil and a hammer-ax was found in Wilen. It appears that the valleys in Obwalden were at least temporarily inhabited during this time, but no evidence of agriculture or permanent settlements have been found. </p><p>An Early <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> grave in Foribach in Kerns implies that there was a settlement in the surrounding area between 2000 BC and 1700 BC. There may have also been a settlement along the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Sarnen" title="Lake Sarnen">Lake Sarnen</a> during the same period. Between 1500 and 1100 BC there were several other settlements, including houses in the <a href="/wiki/Rengg_Pass" title="Rengg Pass">Rengg Pass</a> and high alpine herding camps above the pass. Many of the place names in the canton have <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_culture" title="Gallo-Roman culture">Gallo-Roman</a> roots. </p><p>In 1914-15 a <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Switzerland in the Roman era">Roman</a> estate was unearthed in Alpnach. The estate was built in the late 1st century AD and remained in operation until a fire destroyed the main building in 270.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 700, the <a href="/wiki/Alamanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamanni">Alamanni</a> began to migrate into Obwalden. They initially settled around the lakes while the Gallo-Romans lived up on the plateau. The Alamanni influence is noticeable around Lake Sarnen and the Kerns plateau where many place name end in -ingen, -wil and -hofen. The Gallo-Romans remained around <a href="/wiki/Pilatus_(mountain)" title="Pilatus (mountain)">Mt. Pilatus</a>, the Giswilerstock and in the Melch valley. During the 8th to 11th centuries, the two populations intermarried and eventually all became Germanized. By the 9th century it was part of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Kingdom_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Kingdom of Burgundy">Second Kingdom of Burgundy</a>. It became part of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> following the winter military campaign of 1032-33 by <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a>. Obwalden was given to the <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Lenzburg" title="Counts of Lenzburg">Counts of Lenzburg</a> from Aargau. The counts built a castle on Landenberg hill to help them control the land. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_middle_ages">Early middle ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early middle ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engelberg_Kloster_085.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Engelberg_Kloster_085.jpg/220px-Engelberg_Kloster_085.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Engelberg_Kloster_085.jpg/330px-Engelberg_Kloster_085.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Engelberg_Kloster_085.jpg/440px-Engelberg_Kloster_085.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Engelberg Abbey was a major power and controlled the parishes in Obwalden</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>, much of the land in Obwalden was controlled by monasteries (especially Murbach-Lucerne and Beromünster Abbey). The monasteries began to spread their authority and <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parishes</a> into Obwalden during this time. St. Peter's Church in Sarnen was first mentioned in 1036, but was built on top of an 8th-century church. St. Mary's Church of Alpnach was probably built in the 8th or 9th century. The churches in Kerns, Sachseln, and Giswil all became <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish churches</a> by the 12th century and a church was mentioned in Lungern in 1275. During the 14th century, <a href="/wiki/Engelberg_Abbey" title="Engelberg Abbey">Engelberg Abbey</a> began to acquire rights over the parishes in Obwalden. By 1415 the Abbey had <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> control over the appointment of parish priests in the entire valley. In 1460, this became <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> authority over all the parishes in the valley.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 12th century the Counts of Lenzburg granted a large part of their lands in Obwalden to their monastery at Beromünster. In 1210 the Lenzburg castle at Landenberg was abandoned. However, in the 13th century, several small castles were built for the minor nobles. The Kellner of Sarnen (<a href="/wiki/Obedientiaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Obedientiaries">Obedientiaries</a> of the main family) lived in the Lower Castle in Sarnen. In Giswil the Lords of Hunwil lived in Hunwil Castle while the Meier of Giswil, a <a href="/wiki/Ministerialis" title="Ministerialis">Ministerialis</a> (unfree knights in the service of a <a href="/wiki/Feudal" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal">feudal</a> overlord) family, lived in Rosenberg Castle. In Lungern, the Lords of Vittringen had a castle. </p><p>The political community of Sarnen (de Sarnon locorum homines) were first mentioned in a <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a> in 1247, when they and the citizens of Schwyz were <a href="/wiki/Excommunicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunicated">excommunicated</a> for supporting <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> against their ruler, Rudolf of Habsburg-Laufenburg. In 1257, the Habsburgs had to grant their landlord rights in Obwalden to several of their <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a>, all minor nobles. During the 13th century, Obwalden was home to a unified local political organization with enough autonomy to act against the best interests of their nominal rulers. The nobility in the canton were all minor nobles with limited power. This changed on 16 April 1291 when <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_I_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph I of Germany">Rudolph I of Habsburg</a> bought the Unterwalden (containing both Obwalden and Nidwalden) from <a href="/wiki/Murbach_Abbey" title="Murbach Abbey">Murbach Abbey</a>. This made him the chief landowner, the count, and the emperor over the valley. Fearing a loss of their freedoms, on the 1 August 1291 Nidwalden (Obwalden is not named in the text of the document, though it is named on the seal appended to it) formed the <a href="/wiki/Eternal_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Eternal Alliance">Eternal Alliance</a> with Uri and Schwyz.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This alliance is considered the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederation</a> and modern Switzerland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Old_Swiss_Confederation">The Old Swiss Confederation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Old Swiss Confederation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bendicht_Tschachtlan,_Die_Schlacht_am_Morgarten_(c._1470).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Bendicht_Tschachtlan%2C_Die_Schlacht_am_Morgarten_%28c._1470%29.jpg/170px-Bendicht_Tschachtlan%2C_Die_Schlacht_am_Morgarten_%28c._1470%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Bendicht_Tschachtlan%2C_Die_Schlacht_am_Morgarten_%28c._1470%29.jpg/255px-Bendicht_Tschachtlan%2C_Die_Schlacht_am_Morgarten_%28c._1470%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Bendicht_Tschachtlan%2C_Die_Schlacht_am_Morgarten_%28c._1470%29.jpg/340px-Bendicht_Tschachtlan%2C_Die_Schlacht_am_Morgarten_%28c._1470%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Battle of Morgarten from the <i><a href="/wiki/Tschachtlanchronik" title="Tschachtlanchronik">Tschachtlanchronik</a></i> of 1470</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amstaldenhandel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Amstaldenhandel.jpg/170px-Amstaldenhandel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Amstaldenhandel.jpg/255px-Amstaldenhandel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Amstaldenhandel.jpg/340px-Amstaldenhandel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>The Amstalden Affair. The picture shows in the back, under the tree, Peter Amstalden in a conspiratorial meeting to rebel against Lucerne with the support of Obwalden.</figcaption></figure> <p>Initially, the Eternal Alliance was a mutual defense pact between the three cantons, each of which was independently ruled. In 1304 the two valleys of Obwalden and Nidwalden were joined together under the same local deputy of the count.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1309 <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a> confirmed to Unterwalden all the liberties granted by his predecessor, though the exact terms are unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Emperor also granted the valleys <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a> which placed Unterwalden on an equal political footing with Uri and Schwyz.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1314, Duke Louis IV of Bavaria (who would become <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Austria_(Habsburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg)">Frederick the Handsome</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> prince, each claimed the crown of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. The Confederates supported Louis IV because they feared the Habsburgs would annex their countries as Habsburg property. War broke out over a dispute between the Confederates of Schwyz and the Habsburg-protected monastery of <a href="/wiki/Einsiedeln_Abbey" title="Einsiedeln Abbey">Einsiedeln</a> regarding some pastures, and eventually, the Confederates of Schwyz conducted a raid on the monastery.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In support of their allies, Unterwalden joined the Confederates in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morgarten" title="Battle of Morgarten">Battle of Morgarten</a> and drove back an invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCnig_Pass" title="Brünig Pass">Brünig Pass</a>. After the decisive Confederation victory over the Habsburgs, Unterwalden renewed the Eternal Alliance in the <a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Brunnen" title="Pact of Brunnen">Pact of Brunnen</a>. During the 14th century, the communities in Obwalden grew increasingly powerful at the expense of the nobility. The formerly powerful Kellner of Sarnen family retired from politics after 1307. The <a href="/wiki/White_Book_of_Sarnen" title="White Book of Sarnen">White Book of Sarnen</a> mentions the conquest of the Lower Castle in Sarnen, the home of the family, which may explain why they left politics. The Strättligen and Ringgenberg families married into the Lords of Hunwil and used the power of the dynastic marriages to reduce Habsburg power to a vague suzerainty in the 1330s and 40s, though the Habsburg still owned some land in Obwalden. During the early 14th century, an organization of livestock farmers developed in the Hunwil lands. Throughout the century, their political power grew as they acquired more land and grew wealthy. The organization eventually became an alternative political structure and following conflicts between the organization and the Hunwil nobles, in 1382 the <a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a> excluded the Hunwils from holding political or court offices.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 13th and 14th century Obwalden established its own local governance, despite having had a joint assembly with Nidwalden up to around 1330. </p><p>During the 14th century, Obwalden participated in several other wars with the Swiss Confederation, including the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sempach" title="Battle of Sempach">Battle of Sempach</a> in 1386 and the <a href="/wiki/Gugler" title="Gugler">Gugler</a> war in 1375. It peacefully acquired Alpnach in 1368 and Hergiswil in 1378. In 1403 Obwalden joined Uri to invade the <a href="/wiki/Leventina" class="mw-redirect" title="Leventina">Leventina</a> area (today located in the canton of <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>) to establish new markets for cheese and cattle. They conquered the <a href="/wiki/Ossola" title="Ossola">Val d' Ossola</a> in 1410. In 1419 the Confederation bought <a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>. Milan attacked the city three years later in 1422 after an offer to buy Bellinzona was rejected by the Swiss Confederation. The troops from Uri and Obwalden were quickly driven from the city and later defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arbedo" title="Battle of Arbedo">Battle of Arbedo</a> on 30 June 1422.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This defeat drove the Confederates out of Bellinzona and the Val d' Ossola and Leventina. An attempt to pull the Entlebuch region away from <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a> ended with the Obwalden supported Entlebuch leader Peter Amstalden arrested, tried and executed in 1478.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1500, Nidwalden, Schwyz, and Uri conquered Ticino again and ruled until 1798. While Obwalden participated in the conquests of <a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau</a> (1415), <a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau</a> (1460), and Locarno, (1512), and in the temporary occupation of the Val d' Ossola (1410–14, 1416–22, 1425–26, 1512–15)<sup id="cite_ref-EB_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was never able to incorporate any captured territory or grow. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Wars" title="Burgundian Wars">Burgundian Wars</a> (1474–77) Unterwalden, like the other Forest cantons, hung back through jealousy of Bern, but came to the rescue in time of need.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the Swiss victories in the Burgundian Wars the Old Swiss Confederation was nearly torn apart by internal conflict when the city cantons insisted on having the lion's share of the proceeds since they had supplied the most troops. The country cantons resented this and the <i>Tagsatzung</i> or leadership of each of the cantons met in <a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a> in Nidwalden in 1481 to resolve the issues. However, they were unable to resolve the issues and war seemed inevitable.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_SV_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS_SV-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A local hermit, <a href="/wiki/Niklaus_von_der_Fl%C3%BCe" class="mw-redirect" title="Niklaus von der Flüe">Niklaus von der Flüe</a> from Obwalden, was consulted on the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to legend he requested that a message be passed on to the members of the <i>Tagsatzung</i> on his behalf. The details of the message have remained unknown to this day, however, it did calm the tempers and led to the drawing up of the <i><a href="/wiki/Stanser_Verkommnis" title="Stanser Verkommnis">Stanser Verkommnis</a></i>. As part of the <i>Verkommnis</i> <a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a> were admitted into the confederation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Reformation">The Reformation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Reformation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Landsgemeinde of Obwalden stood firmly against the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>. When attempts to resolve the conflicts between the Protestant and Catholic cantons in the Tagsatzung and during the disputation of Baden (1526) were unsuccessful, Obwalden adopted an aggressively pro-Catholic stance. In 1528, they sent troops over the Brünig Pass to try to force the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bernese</a> <a href="/wiki/Oberhasli" title="Oberhasli">Oberhasli</a> region to hold the old faith. The Obwalden invasion and the Bernese response, which drove them out of Bern, were part of the general unrest leading to the <a href="/wiki/First_War_of_Kappel" title="First War of Kappel">First War of Kappel</a> in 1529. While the First War of Kappel ended in a peace treaty without loss of life, two years later the <a href="/wiki/Second_War_of_Kappel" title="Second War of Kappel">Second War of Kappel</a> ended in the death of reformer <a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a> and a victory for the Catholic side. However, since about half of the Confederation remained Protestant, the Catholic cantons began to make alliances with neighboring Catholic leaders including France and Spain. Most of the leading political families in Obwalden became pro-French.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_the_Helvetic_Republic">Under the Helvetic Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Under the Helvetic Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Helvetik_3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Karte_Helvetik_3.png/220px-Karte_Helvetik_3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Karte_Helvetik_3.png/330px-Karte_Helvetik_3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Karte_Helvetik_3.png/440px-Karte_Helvetik_3.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1577" /></a><figcaption>The Helvetic Republic in 1798/99 with the short-lived Canton of Waldstätten</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Switzerland#Collapse" title="French invasion of Switzerland">1798 French invasion</a>, Obwalden still had a strongly pro-French government. The von Flüe had grown wealthy and politically powerful in mercenary service in France. The clergy saw France still as supporters of the Catholic Church <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. On 1 April 1798, Obwalden became the first of the original Swiss cantons to accept the <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a>. However, it was then forced by its neighbors to reject the new Republic and resist the French. When the French armies crushed the rebellion, the old Forest Cantons were merged into the single <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Waldst%C3%A4tten" title="Canton of Waldstätten">Canton of Waldstätten</a>. Obwalden became the district of Sarnen in this new Canton. The leadership of the new district were supporters of Helvetic Republic and the French army. </p><p>After the collapse of the Helvetic Republic, the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a> of 1803 dissolved Waldstätten and in the 15th section specifically divided Unterwalden into the half-cantons "ob dem Wald" and "nid dem Wald". The leading "Helvetiker" or supporters of the Republic lost the favor of their fellow citizens. However, a large portion of the councilors before 1798 were also civil servants under the Republic and were re-elected by the Landsgemeinde in 1803. While the politicians remained the same, there were several important changes in the half-canton. The major change was that every resident of the canton gained equal rights, where before there had been citizens and resident aliens each with different rights. Other changes included raising the voting age from 14 to 20 and requiring military service at age 20.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_the_Helvetic_Republic_to_the_founding_of_the_Federal_State">From the Helvetic Republic to the founding of the Federal State</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: From the Helvetic Republic to the founding of the Federal State"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1815 the monastery of <a href="/wiki/Engelberg_Abbey" title="Engelberg Abbey">Engelberg</a> and the municipality of the same name joined Obwalden. The cantonal constitution documents of 19 and 24 November 1815 partially guaranteed the traditional rights of the Abbey and its surrounding community. Then, in 1816, the constitution was altered to include Engelberg as a municipality in the canton. During the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration and Regeneration (Switzerland)">Restoration period</a> the government began to roll back many of the reforms of the Helvetic Republic. In the 1830s and 40s, <a href="/wiki/Landammann" title="Landammann">Landammann</a> Nikodem Spichtig began to expand the power of his office. In 1840, a coalition of liberals and radicals gained the majority in the Federal Diet. They introduced a number of reforms and proposed a new constitution that included many radical reforms. In response to this radical government, the Catholic and conservative cantons, including Obwalden, formed the <i>Sonderbund</i> or separate alliance in 1843. When the radicals attempted to dissolve this separate alliance in 1847, they started the <a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_War" title="Sonderbund War">Sonderbund War</a>. Though Obwalden participated in the War, the Sonderbund council surrendered before the Federal army reached the Canton. </p><p>After the Sonderbund War, the old government was replaced with a liberal government. In response to the wide-ranging powers that Landammann Spichtig had held, the new government eliminated some levels of government and replaced lifetime appointments to Landammann with term limits. Spichtig was seen as having pulled Obwalden into the Sonderbund, and he was driven out of office and politics.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Obwalden">Modern Obwalden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modern Obwalden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landsgemeinde_in_Sarnen_ETH-Bibliothek_Com_LC1265-003-001.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Landsgemeinde_in_Sarnen_ETH-Bibliothek_Com_LC1265-003-001.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Landsgemeinde_in_Sarnen_ETH-Bibliothek_Com_LC1265-003-001.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Landsgemeinde_in_Sarnen_ETH-Bibliothek_Com_LC1265-003-001.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Landsgemeinde_in_Sarnen_ETH-Bibliothek_Com_LC1265-003-001.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Landsgemeinde_in_Sarnen_ETH-Bibliothek_Com_LC1265-003-001.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Landsgemeinde_in_Sarnen_ETH-Bibliothek_Com_LC1265-003-001.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5371" data-file-height="3489" /></a><figcaption>The Landsgemeinde in 1987</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1850, the Catholic Church was recognized as the only cantonal religion. However, in 1867 the cantonal constitution was completely rewritten. It changed the organization of the government and allowed the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed Church">Reformed</a> churches some rights, including the right to run their own schools. The 1867 constitution also weakened many of the special privileges that the Landmann held. In 1902 the constitution was rewritten again and it allowed citizens to demand a referendum on any law. In the following years a number of initiatives and referendums were submitted, some of which succeeded. In 1909, an initiative was approved which allowed 1,200 citizens to demand a secret vote on constitutional revisions. In 1922, the power of the Landsgemeinde was weakened further with the introduction of secret ballots on constitutional, legal and tax laws.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last complete revision of the cantonal constitution was in 1968. This revision addressed a number of small issues and clarified a number of laws, but there were no major changes. In 1972, women were first allowed to vote in cantonal elections and in 1983 the voting age dropped to eighteen.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Landsgemeinde was finally abolished in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Obwalden" title="List of mountains of Obwalden">List of mountains of Obwalden</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TitlisgletscherSommer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/TitlisgletscherSommer.jpg/220px-TitlisgletscherSommer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/TitlisgletscherSommer.jpg/330px-TitlisgletscherSommer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/TitlisgletscherSommer.jpg/440px-TitlisgletscherSommer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption>Mt. Titlis Glacier</figcaption></figure> <p>Highest elevation: <a href="/wiki/Titlis" title="Titlis">Titlis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urner_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Urner Alps">Urner Alps</a>), 3238 m </p><p>Lakes in the canton include: parts of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lucerne" title="Lake Lucerne">Lake Lucerne</a> (Vierwaldstättersee), <a href="/wiki/Lake_Sarnen" title="Lake Sarnen">Lake Sarnen</a> (Sarnersee), <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lungern" title="Lake Lungern">Lake Lungern</a> (Lungerersee), <a href="/wiki/Wichelsee" title="Wichelsee">Wichelsee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tannensee" title="Tannensee">Tannensee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melchsee" title="Melchsee">Melchsee</a>. </p><p>The total area of the canton is 490.5 square kilometers (189.4 sq mi). As of 2006<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 197.3 km<sup>2</sup> (76.2 sq mi) or about 40.2% of the canton is wooded. 185.8 km<sup>2</sup> (71.7 sq mi), or about 37.9% is used in agriculture. Of the rest of the area, 15.8 km<sup>2</sup> (6.1 sq mi) or 3.2% is developed (structures and roads) and 91.6 km<sup>2</sup> (35.4 sq mi) or 18.7% is classed as unproductive (rivers, mountains or glaciers).<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss Confederation</a> Obwalden is a half canton. This gives Obwalden all the rights and duties of full cantons, with the exception that the canton can only send one deputy to the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Council_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Council of States">Council of States</a>. The small size of the canton allows a small government with only five members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_elections">Federal elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Federal elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2011_Swiss_federal_election" title="2011 Swiss federal election">2011 federal election</a> the most popular party was the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Party_of_Obwalden" title="Christian Social Party of Obwalden">Christian Social Party of Obwalden</a> which received 56.9% of the vote. The other party in the election was the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">SVP</a> with 43.1%.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CSP OW jumped from having no candidate or votes in 2007 to a majority in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal_election_results">Federal election results</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Federal election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="15">Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the Federal Elections 1971-2015<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th class="unsortable">Ideology</th> <th>1971</th> <th>1975</th> <th>1979</th> <th>1983</th> <th>1987</th> <th>1991</th> <th>1995</th> <th>1999</th> <th>2003</th> <th>2007</th> <th>2011</th> <th>2015 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP.The Liberals</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_a"><a href="#endnote_a">a</a></sup> </th> <td bgcolor="#0E52A0"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></td> <td>32.5</td> <td>* <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_b"><a href="#endnote_b">b</a></sup></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>30.4</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>0.0<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_c"><a href="#endnote_c">c</a></sup></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#EF7D00"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></td> <td>67.0</td> <td>97.1</td> <td>95.7</td> <td>91.0</td> <td>51.7</td> <td>95.3</td> <td>94.2</td> <td>0.0<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_c"><a href="#endnote_c">c</a></sup></td> <td>66.4</td> <td>32.5</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SP/PS</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#E4002B"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>0.0<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_c"><a href="#endnote_c">c</a></sup></td> <td>*</td> <td>11.6</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">SVP/UDC</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#009F4F"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss nationalism">Swiss nationalism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>0.0<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_c"><a href="#endnote_c">c</a></sup></td> <td>33.6</td> <td>32.9</td> <td>43.1</td> <td>34.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Freedom Party of Switzerland">FPS/PSL</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#8D1919"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>3.8</td> <td>0.0<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_c"><a href="#endnote_c">c</a></sup></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th>Other (incl. CSP OW) </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td>0.5</td> <td>2.9</td> <td>4.3</td> <td>9.0</td> <td>17.8</td> <td>4.7</td> <td>2.1</td> <td>0.0<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_c"><a href="#endnote_c">c</a></sup></td> <td>0.0</td> <td>23.0</td> <td>56.9</td> <td>65.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voter participation %</th> <th></th> <th></th> <th>53.7</th> <th>21.2</th> <th>42.3</th> <th>30.9</th> <th>50.9</th> <th>26.7</th> <th>31.9</th> <th>0.0<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_c"><a href="#endnote_c">c</a></sup></th> <th>45.7</th> <th>59.7</th> <th>64.3</th> <th>59.5 </th></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^a</a></b></span> FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_b"><b><a href="#ref_b">^b</a></b></span> "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_c"><b><a href="#ref_c">^c</a></b></span> No election held</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cantonal_elections">Cantonal elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cantonal elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sitzverteilung_Obwalden_2010.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sitzverteilung_Obwalden_2010.svg/220px-Sitzverteilung_Obwalden_2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sitzverteilung_Obwalden_2010.svg/330px-Sitzverteilung_Obwalden_2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sitzverteilung_Obwalden_2010.svg/440px-Sitzverteilung_Obwalden_2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Election apportionment, parliament of the canton of Obwalden, Switzerland, 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Cantonal_Council_of_Obwalden" title="Cantonal Council of Obwalden">the Cantonal Council election</a>, on 7 March 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centre</a> maintained its dominance of the Cantonal Council. The <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">Christian Democrats</a> lost three seats, but remained the largest party with 20. The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">Swiss People's Party</a> gained five seats to become the second largest party, while the <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP.The Liberals</a> retained 10 seats but dropped to the third largest. The <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party</a> remained steady with 6 seats and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Party_of_Obwalden" title="Christian Social Party of Obwalden">Christian Social Party of Obwalden</a> lost two seats to have 8.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The evolving party membership in the <a href="/wiki/Cantonal_Council_of_Obwalden" title="Cantonal Council of Obwalden">Kantonsrat</a> is shown in the following chart (for selected dates):<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_rbchtv7e7xwfc5w0sj5tytdudmpwhr4"></map><img usemap="#timeline_rbchtv7e7xwfc5w0sj5tytdudmpwhr4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/rbchtv7e7xwfc5w0sj5tytdudmpwhr4.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarnen-See.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sarnen-See.jpg/220px-Sarnen-See.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sarnen-See.jpg/330px-Sarnen-See.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sarnen-See.jpg/440px-Sarnen-See.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Sarnen town on Lake Sarnen</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engelberg_as_seen_while_descending_%27Mt_titlis%27_by_cable_car.(thursday_20-5-2010)..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Engelberg_as_seen_while_descending_%27Mt_titlis%27_by_cable_car.%28thursday_20-5-2010%29..jpg/220px-Engelberg_as_seen_while_descending_%27Mt_titlis%27_by_cable_car.%28thursday_20-5-2010%29..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Engelberg_as_seen_while_descending_%27Mt_titlis%27_by_cable_car.%28thursday_20-5-2010%29..jpg/330px-Engelberg_as_seen_while_descending_%27Mt_titlis%27_by_cable_car.%28thursday_20-5-2010%29..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Engelberg_as_seen_while_descending_%27Mt_titlis%27_by_cable_car.%28thursday_20-5-2010%29..jpg/440px-Engelberg_as_seen_while_descending_%27Mt_titlis%27_by_cable_car.%28thursday_20-5-2010%29..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Engelberg town from Mt. Titlis cable car</figcaption></figure> <p>Obwalden has a population (as of December 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) of 38,108.<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_OW_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_OW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 12.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 8.7%. Migration accounted for 5.7%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the population (as of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) speaks <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> (29,920 or 92.3%) as their first language, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> is the second most common (452 or 1.4%) and <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> is the third (399 or 1.2%). There are 144 people who speak <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, 329 people who speak <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> and 32 people who speak <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the population in the canton, 14,867 or about 45.8% were born in Obwalden and lived there in 2000. There were 4,374 or 13.5% who were born in the same canton, while 8,228 or 25.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 4,000 or 12.3% were born outside of Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.7% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 59.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 14.1%.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 15,026 people who were single or never married in the canton. There were 14,674 married individuals, 1,691 widows or widowers and 1,036 individuals who are divorced.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 12,445 private households in the canton, and an average of 2.5 persons per household.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 3,835 households that consist of only one person and 1,349 households with five or more people. As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the construction rate of new housing units was 8.8 new units per 1000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vacancy rate for the canton, in 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, was 0.8%.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_population">Historic population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Historic population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historic population is given in the following chart:<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_8fsjbpnlev43xbn1qvnhr0gg4lgw20p"></map><img usemap="#timeline_8fsjbpnlev43xbn1qvnhr0gg4lgw20p" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/8fsjbpnlev43xbn1qvnhr0gg4lgw20p.png" /></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="21">Historic Population Data<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Total Population </th> <th>Total population change <a href="/wiki/Per_mil" class="mw-redirect" title="Per mil">‰</a> <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_a"><a href="#endnote_a">1</a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_natural_increase" title="Rate of natural increase">Rate of natural increase</a> <a href="/wiki/Per_mil" class="mw-redirect" title="Per mil">‰</a> <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_a"><a href="#endnote_a">1</a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Net_migration_rate" title="Net migration rate">Net migration rate</a> <a href="/wiki/Per_mil" class="mw-redirect" title="Per mil">‰</a> <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_a"><a href="#endnote_a">1</a></sup> </th> <th>% population over 59 </th> <th>German Speaking </th> <th>Italian Speaking </th> <th>French Speaking </th> <th>Romansh Speaking </th> <th>Other Languages </th> <th>Roman Catholic </th> <th>Protestant </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Christian_Catholic_Church_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland">Christian Catholic</a> </th> <th><b>Other</b> </th> <th><i>Other - not member</i> </th> <th><i>Other - Islamic</i> </th> <th><i> Other - Jewish</i> </th> <th>Swiss </th> <th>Resident Foreigner </th> <th>% resident foreigner </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1850 </th> <td align="center">13,799</td> <td align="center">-2.9‰</td> <td align="center">-0.7‰</td> <td align="center">-2.2‰</td> <td align="center">0.00%</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">13,783</td> <td align="center">16</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">13,779</td> <td align="center">20</td> <td align="center">0.10% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1860 </th> <td align="center">13,376</td> <td align="center">7.7‰</td> <td align="center">9.1‰</td> <td align="center">-1.4‰</td> <td align="center">8.30%</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0.70% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1870 </th> <td align="center">14,443</td> <td align="center">6.3‰</td> <td align="center">9.5‰</td> <td align="center">-3.2‰</td> <td align="center">8.80%</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0.80% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1880 </th> <td align="center">15,329</td> <td align="center">-2.4‰</td> <td align="center">4.7‰</td> <td align="center">-7.1‰</td> <td align="center">10.90%</td> <td align="center">15,254</td> <td align="center">88</td> <td align="center">9</td> <td align="center">4</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">15,078</td> <td align="center">277</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">15,207</td> <td align="center">122</td> <td align="center">0.80% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1888 </th> <td align="center">15,043</td> <td align="center">1.2‰</td> <td align="center">6.7‰</td> <td align="center">-5.5‰</td> <td align="center">12.00%</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">3.00% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1900 </th> <td align="center">15,260</td> <td align="center">11.8‰</td> <td align="center">11.9‰</td> <td align="center">-0.1‰</td> <td align="center">12.50%</td> <td align="center">14,958</td> <td align="center">254</td> <td align="center">33</td> <td align="center">12</td> <td align="center">3</td> <td align="center">15,009</td> <td align="center">249</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">2</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">14,788</td> <td align="center">472</td> <td align="center">3.10% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1910 </th> <td align="center">17,161</td> <td align="center">2.3‰</td> <td align="center">9.2‰</td> <td align="center">-6.9‰</td> <td align="center">11.50%</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">4.70% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1920 </th> <td align="center">17,567</td> <td align="center">10.0‰</td> <td align="center">10.1‰</td> <td align="center">-0.1‰</td> <td align="center">9.90%</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">3.60% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1930 </th> <td align="center">19,401</td> <td align="center">4.3‰</td> <td align="center">10.1‰</td> <td align="center">-5.8‰</td> <td align="center">10.20%</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">5.40% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1940 </th> <td align="center">20,340</td> <td align="center">9.4‰</td> <td align="center">14.3‰</td> <td align="center">-4.9‰</td> <td align="center">12.20%</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">2.60% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1950 </th> <td align="center">22,125</td> <td align="center">4.5‰</td> <td align="center">12.6‰</td> <td align="center">-8.1‰</td> <td align="center">12.30%</td> <td align="center">21,676</td> <td align="center">239</td> <td align="center">113</td> <td align="center">28</td> <td align="center">69</td> <td align="center">21,256</td> <td align="center">827</td> <td align="center">18</td> <td align="center">24</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">6</td> <td align="center">21,450</td> <td align="center">675</td> <td align="center">3.10% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1960 </th> <td align="center">23,135</td> <td align="center">5.8‰</td> <td align="center">11.8‰</td> <td align="center">-6.0‰</td> <td align="center">13.00%</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">5.30% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1970 </th> <td align="center">24,509</td> <td align="center">5.4‰</td> <td align="center">6.7‰</td> <td align="center">-1.3‰</td> <td align="center">16.50%</td> <td align="center">23,224</td> <td align="center">773</td> <td align="center">117</td> <td align="center">29</td> <td align="center">366</td> <td align="center">23,382</td> <td align="center">1,018</td> <td align="center">4</td> <td align="center">105</td> <td align="center">18</td> <td align="center">51</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">22,912</td> <td align="center">1,597</td> <td align="center">6.50% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1980 </th> <td align="center">25,865</td> <td align="center">11.5‰</td> <td align="center">6.7‰</td> <td align="center">4.8‰</td> <td align="center">18.20%</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">6.80% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1990 </th> <td align="center">29,025</td> <td align="center">10.8‰</td> <td align="center">4.4‰</td> <td align="center">6.4‰</td> <td align="center">18.10%</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">8.60% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2000 </th> <td align="center">32,427</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">18.20%</td> <td align="center">29,920</td> <td align="center">329</td> <td align="center">144</td> <td align="center">32</td> <td align="center">2,002</td> <td align="center">25,992</td> <td align="center">2,492</td> <td align="center">14</td> <td align="center">3,929</td> <td align="center">1,212</td> <td align="center">985</td> <td align="center">5</td> <td align="center">28,573</td> <td align="center">3,854</td> <td align="center">11.90% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="21">a.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^</a></b></span> Average over a 10-year period beginning on the year listed </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Municipalities">Municipalities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Municipalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Obwalden_2007.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Obwalden_2007.png/220px-Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Obwalden_2007.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Obwalden_2007.png/330px-Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Obwalden_2007.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Obwalden_2007.png/440px-Karte_Gemeinden_des_Kantons_Obwalden_2007.png 2x" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="1429" /></a><figcaption>Municipalities of Canton Obwalden</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engelberg_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Engelberg_01.JPG/170px-Engelberg_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Engelberg_01.JPG/255px-Engelberg_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Engelberg_01.JPG/340px-Engelberg_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1927" data-file-height="2927" /></a><figcaption>View from <a href="/wiki/Engelberg" title="Engelberg">Engelberg</a>, to the summit of <a href="/wiki/Hahnen" title="Hahnen">Hahnen</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lungern_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lungern_panorama.jpg/220px-Lungern_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lungern_panorama.jpg/330px-Lungern_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lungern_panorama.jpg/440px-Lungern_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lungern" title="Lake Lungern">Lake Lungern</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are seven municipalities: <a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerns,_Switzerland" title="Kerns, Switzerland">Kerns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sachseln" title="Sachseln">Sachseln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpnach" title="Alpnach">Alpnach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giswil" title="Giswil">Giswil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lungern" title="Lungern">Lungern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engelberg" title="Engelberg">Engelberg</a>. The capital Sarnen is subdivided into <i>Sarnen-Dorfschaft</i>, <i>Kägiswil</i>, <i>Schwendi/Wilen</i> and <i>Ramersberg</i>. The autonomy of the municipalities in Obwalden is significant. Two thirds of the tax revenue flows to the municipalities, which for example pay for education without grants from the canton. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Small and middle-sized businesses dominate the economy of Obwalden. Many of them are specialists in areas such as miniature engines, synthetics, medical equipment, or nanotechnology. </p><p>Traditional industries are still of great importance. Particularly <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a> and related businesses are significant, as is <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>. Agriculture in Obwalden is specialized in integrated <a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming" title="Dairy farming">dairy</a> and meat farming. The farms are still family-run. </p><p>In 2007 Obwalden replaced the former regressive income tax (lower tax rates for higher incomes) with a flat 1.8% income tax, which is the lowest in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This cantonal tax is in addition to federal and local taxes. </p><p>As of  2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Obwalden had an unemployment rate of 1.5%. As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 1,871 people employed in the <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">primary economic sector</a> and about 750 businesses involved in this sector. 6,499 people were employed in the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">secondary sector</a> and there were 452 businesses in this sector. 10,037 people were employed in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a>, with 1,380 businesses in this sector.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the total number of <a href="/wiki/Full-time_equivalent" title="Full-time equivalent">full-time equivalent</a> jobs was 15,215. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 1,157, of which 1,052 were in agriculture and 105 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 6,008 of which 3,648 or (60.7%) were in manufacturing, 46 or (0.8%) were in mining and 2,139 (35.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 8,050. In the tertiary sector; 1,892 or 23.5% were in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 520 or 6.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 1,440 or 17.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 140 or 1.7% were in the information industry, 347 or 4.3% were the insurance or financial industry, 708 or 8.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 528 or 6.6% were in education and 1,213 or 15.1% were in health care.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the working population, 10.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 54.6% used a private car.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">Tourism</a> is a major sector of the economy. The central location in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a> meant that Obwalden was able to establish itself as a significant tourist location in the 19th century. Many facilities built for tourism now benefit the local industry and the population. Two of the <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountains</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Pilatus_(mountain)" title="Pilatus (mountain)">Pilatus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titlis" title="Titlis">Titlis</a>, are the main attractions. Winter sports, in particular skiing and snowboarding, attract many tourist. The main resorts are Engelberg, <a href="/wiki/Melchsee-Frutt" title="Melchsee-Frutt">Melchsee-Frutt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lungern-Sch%C3%B6nb%C3%BCel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lungern-Schönbüel (page does not exist)">Lungern-Schönbüel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B6rlialp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mörlialp (page does not exist)">Mörlialp</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langis,_Switzerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langis, Switzerland (page does not exist)">Langis</a>. During the summer, hiking and mountaineering are the main attractions. One-quarter of the population is directly or indirectly employed in the tourism sector. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sachseln-Pfarrkirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Sachseln-Pfarrkirche.jpg/220px-Sachseln-Pfarrkirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Sachseln-Pfarrkirche.jpg/330px-Sachseln-Pfarrkirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Sachseln-Pfarrkirche.jpg/440px-Sachseln-Pfarrkirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1210" /></a><figcaption>St. Theodul Catholic Church in Sachseln. The majority of the residents of Obwalden are Roman Catholic.</figcaption></figure> <p>From the 2000 census<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 25,992 or 80.2% were <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, while 2,255 or 7.0% belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed Church">Swiss Reformed Church</a>. Of the rest of the population, there were 464 <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy#Christianity" title="Orthodoxy">members of an Orthodox church</a> (or about 1.43% of the population), there were 14 individuals (or about 0.04% of the population) who belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Catholic_Church_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland">Christian Catholic Church</a>, and there were 497 individuals (or about 1.53% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 5 individuals (or about 0.02% of the population) who were <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a>, and 985 (or about 3.04% of the population) who were <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a>. There were 41 individuals who were <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a>, 82 individuals who were <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> and 8 individuals who belonged to another church. 1,212 (or about 3.74% of the population) belonged to no church, are <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnostic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a>, and 1,109 individuals (or about 3.42% of the population) did not answer the question.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Obwalden about 11,601 or (35.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland#Secondary" title="Education in Switzerland">upper secondary education</a>, and 3,241 or (10.0%) have completed additional higher education (either <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Switzerland" title="List of universities in Switzerland">university</a> or a <i><a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule" title="Fachhochschule">Fachhochschule</a></i>). Of the 3,241 who completed tertiary schooling, 66.0% were Swiss men, 22.0% were Swiss women, 7.3% were non-Swiss men and 4.8% were non-Swiss women.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional culture in Obwalden has been kept alive by many local organizations. There is traditional music, carnival, dances, costumes, theatres, and festivals. There are also a number of modern artists, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Garovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Garovi (page does not exist)">Josef Garovi</a> (composer), <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Diethelm" title="Caspar Diethelm">Caspar Diethelm</a> (composer), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_Dillier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian Dillier (page does not exist)">Julian Dillier</a> (poet), <a href="/wiki/Franz_Bucher" title="Franz Bucher">Franz Bucher</a> (painter), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Sigrist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Sigrist (page does not exist)">Kurt Sigrist</a> (sculptor) and <a href="/wiki/Alois_Spichtig" title="Alois Spichtig">Alois Spichtig</a> (sculptor). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Wyss" title="Dorothea Wyss">Dorothea Wyss</a> (* around 1430/32, † after 1487) married <a href="/wiki/Niklaus_von_Fl%C3%BCe" class="mw-redirect" title="Niklaus von Flüe">Niklaus von Flüe</a>, the patron saint of Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-hds-dorothea_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hds-dorothea-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Area_Canton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Area_Canton_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung/gesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen/Kantone.assetdetail.1420913.html">Arealstatistik Land Cover - Kantone und Grossregionen nach 6 Hauptbereichen</a> accessed 27 October 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stat2020_OW-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stat2020_OW_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stat2020_OW_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-0102020000_201">"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit"</a>. <i>bfs.admin.ch</i> (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bfs.admin.ch&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4ndige+und+nichtst%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+institutionellen+Gliederungen%2C+Geburtsort+und+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Fde%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObwalden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistik2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Statistik, Bundesamt für (2021-01-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/15304856">"Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 | Tabelle"</a>. <i>Bundesamt für Statistik</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik&rft.atitle=Bruttoinlandsprodukt+%28BIP%29+nach+Grossregion+und+Kanton+-+2008-2018+%7C+Tabelle&rft.date=2021-01-21&rft.aulast=Statistik&rft.aufirst=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fasset%2Fde%2F15304856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObwalden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nidwalden</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7411.php"><span title="Nidwalden in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7411.php"><span title="Nidwalden in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I7411.php"><span title="Nidwalden in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Obwalden</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7410.php"><span title="Obwalden in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7410.php"><span title="Obwalden in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I7410.php"><span title="Obwalden in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Coolidge, Rev. William Augustus Brevoort (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Unterwalden"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Unterwalden">"Unterwalden" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 780–81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Unterwalden&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=780-81&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=Rev.+William+Augustus+Brevoort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObwalden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Battle of Morgarten</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D8726.php"><span title="Battle of Morgarten in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F8726.php"><span title="Battle of Morgarten in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I8726.php"><span title="Battle of Morgarten in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bellinzona</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D2031.php"><span title="Bellinzona in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F2031.php"><span title="Bellinzona in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I2031.php"><span title="Bellinzona in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Amstalden Affair</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D17167.php"><span title="Amstalden Affair in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F17167.php"><span title="Amstalden Affair in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I17167.php"><span title="Amstalden Affair in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS_SV-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDS_SV_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Stanser Verkommnis</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D9805.php"><span title="Stanser Verkommnis in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F9805.php"><span title="Stanser Verkommnis in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I9805.php"><span title="Stanser Verkommnis in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/ff/1999/5397.pdf"><i>Botschaft über die Gewährleistung der geänderten Verfassungen der Kantone Zürich, Obwalden, Solothurn, Waadt und Genf</i></a>, Bundesblatt 1999, p. 5405.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portal-stat.admin.ch/nrw/files/de/01.xml">Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Elections in Switzerland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111155432/http://www.portal-stat.admin.ch/nrw/files/de/01.xml">Archived</a> 2012-01-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 5 January 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html">Swiss Federal Statistical Office, <i>Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton</i></a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 28 May 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160802014002/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html">Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%)</a> (Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html">the original</a> on 2016-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Nationalratswahlen%3A+St%C3%A4rke+der+Parteien+nach+Kantonen+%28Schweiz+%3D+100%25%29&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Statistical+Office&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F17%2F02%2Fblank%2Fdos%2F09.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObwalden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ow.ch/de/politik/kantonsratmain/kantonsratstatistik/">Cantonal Council of Obwalden official website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFSO-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFSO_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/regionalportraets.html">Swiss Federal Statistical Office</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120115203755/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/regionalportraets.html">Archived</a> 2012-01-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed 13-March-2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-STAT2000-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STAT2000_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true">STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140409212530/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true">Archived</a> 2014-04-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 2 February 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2007" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Matthew (2007-12-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/front/Obwalden_votes_for_flat_rate_tax.html?siteSect=105&sid=8539252&rss=true&ty=st">"Obwalden votes for a flat tax rate"</a>. Swissinfo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Obwalden+votes+for+a+flat+tax+rate&rft.date=2007-12-16&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Ffront%2FObwalden_votes_for_flat_rate_tax.html%3FsiteSect%3D105%26sid%3D8539252%26rss%3Dtrue%26ty%3Dst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObwalden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true">Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141225013454/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true">Archived</a> 2014-12-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed 28 January 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hds-dorothea-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hds-dorothea_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoland_Sigrist2005" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Roland Sigrist (2005-01-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D42692.php">"Flüe [-Wyss], Dorothea von"</a> (in German). HDS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fl%C3%BCe+%5B-Wyss%5D%2C+Dorothea+von&rft.pub=HDS&rft.date=2005-01-26&rft.au=Roland+Sigrist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hls-dhs-dss.ch%2Ftextes%2Fd%2FD42692.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObwalden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obwalden&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Canton_of_Obwalden" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Canton of Obwalden">Canton of Obwalden</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ow.ch/">Official site</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obwalden.net/">Obwalden.net</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/kantone/ow/key.html">Official statistics</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:1%">Present-day cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden (NW)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Obwalden (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell (-1597)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Schwyz" title="Outer Schwyz">Outer Schwyz (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden (-15th century)</a></li> <li><i>Helvetic Republic</i> (-1803): <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Baden" title="Canton of Baden">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bellinzona" title="Canton of Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fricktal" title="Canton of Fricktal">Fricktal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_L%C3%A9man" title="Canton of Léman">Léman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Linth" title="Canton of Linth">Linth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lugano" title="Canton of Lugano">Lugano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Oberland" title="Canton of Oberland">Oberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Raetia" title="Canton of Raetia">Raetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_S%C3%A4ntis" title="Canton of Säntis">Säntis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Waldst%C3%A4tten" title="Canton of Waldstätten">Waldstätten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_GRP" title="List of Swiss cantons by GRP">By gross regional product (GRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_elevation" title="List of Swiss cantons by elevation">By elevation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Switzerland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Switzerland_topics" title="Template talk:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Switzerland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Major topics</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland" title="History of Switzerland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Swiss_history" title="Timeline of Swiss history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of Switzerland">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Switzerland" title="Early history of Switzerland">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Switzerland in the Roman era">Roman era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Confederacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Federal Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCtli_Oath" title="Rütli Oath">Rütli Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Switzerland">Early Modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_in_Switzerland" title="Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">Federal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">World wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Switzerland" title="Modern history of Switzerland">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Switzerland" title="Military history of Switzerland">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Switzerland" title="List of wars involving Switzerland">list of wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Switzerland" title="Historiography of Switzerland">Historiography</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Physiographic areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">BE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">BS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">GE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">JU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">NW</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">OW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">SG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">SH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">SO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">SZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">TG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">TI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">UR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">VD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">VS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">ZG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">ZH</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of cities in Switzerland">list of cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Switzerland" title="NUTS statistical regions of Switzerland">Statistical regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Switzerland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Switzerland" title="List of earthquakes in Switzerland">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Switzerland" title="List of extreme points of Switzerland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Switzerland" title="Fauna of Switzerland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Switzerland" title="Forests of Switzerland">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Switzerland" title="List of glaciers in Switzerland">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrology_of_Switzerland" title="Hydrology of Switzerland">Hydrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Switzerland" title="List of islands of Switzerland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Switzerland" title="List of lakes of Switzerland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_in_Switzerland" title="List of mountain passes in Switzerland">Mountain passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prominent_mountains_of_Switzerland" title="List of prominent mountains of Switzerland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_parks_in_Switzerland" title="Nature parks in Switzerland">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Switzerland" title="List of rivers of Switzerland">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_courts_of_Switzerland" title="Federal courts of Switzerland">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_administration_of_Switzerland" title="Federal administration of Switzerland">Federal administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Human rights in Switzerland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Switzerland">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Switzerland" title="Law of Switzerland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Switzerland" title="Law enforcement in Switzerland">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Redoubt_(Switzerland)" title="National Redoubt (Switzerland)">National Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Council of States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Switzerland" title="List of political parties in Switzerland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative_in_Switzerland" title="Popular initiative in Switzerland">Popular initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Switzerland" title="Voting in Switzerland">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_decree" title="Federal decree">Federal decree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Switzerland" title="Economy of Switzerland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Switzerland" title="Economic history of Switzerland">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Switzerland" title="Agriculture in Switzerland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Switzerland" title="List of banks in Switzerland">Private banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Switzerland" title="List of companies of Switzerland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Franc <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Switzerland" title="Science and technology in Switzerland">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_made" title="Swiss made">Swiss made</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Switzerland" title="Taxation in Switzerland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Switzerland" title="Telecommunications in Switzerland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Switzerland" title="Tourism in Switzerland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Switzerland" title="Trade unions in Switzerland">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Switzerland" title="Transport in Switzerland">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Switzerland" title="List of airports in Switzerland">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_main_roads" title="List of Swiss main roads">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Society of Switzerland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Switzerland" title="Abortion in Switzerland">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Switzerland" title="Capital punishment in Switzerland">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Switzerland" title="Conscription in Switzerland">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Switzerland" title="Corruption in Switzerland">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Switzerland" title="Crime in Switzerland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland" title="Education in Switzerland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Switzerland" title="Euthanasia in Switzerland">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Switzerland" title="Firearms regulation in Switzerland">Firearms regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Switzerland" title="Health in Switzerland">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Switzerland" title="Healthcare in Switzerland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Switzerland" title="Homelessness in Switzerland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Switzerland" title="Human trafficking in Switzerland">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Switzerland" title="Immigration to Switzerland">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_system_in_Switzerland" title="Pension system in Switzerland">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_Switzerland" title="List of prisons in Switzerland">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Switzerland" title="Poverty in Switzerland">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Switzerland" title="Prostitution in Switzerland">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Switzerland" title="Social security in Switzerland">Social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Policy_in_Switzerland" title="Public Welfare Policy in Switzerland">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Switzerland" title="Women in Switzerland">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Switzerland" title="Culture of Switzerland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Psalm" title="Swiss Psalm">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Switzerland" title="Architecture of Switzerland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland" title="Flag of Switzerland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_folklore" title="Swiss folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben" title="Röstigraben">Röstigraben</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_literature" title="Swiss literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Switzerland" title="Mass media in Switzerland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Switzerland" title="Public holidays in Switzerland">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Day" title="Swiss National Day">National Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Switzerland" title="Sport in Switzerland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Switzerland" title="National symbols of Switzerland">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Inventory_of_Cultural_Property_of_National_and_Regional_Significance" title="Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance">Cultural Property of National Significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Switzerland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Switzerland" title="Category:Switzerland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12573#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12573#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12573#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114984918">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/128415750">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4078653-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80124947">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12071287k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12071287k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559782405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/60f0c1c9-13ee-4d6c-96e2-42824e596be1">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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