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<span>Naming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Flight</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flight-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flight subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Delays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Delays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Launch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Launch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_orbit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_orbit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>First orbit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_orbit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_orbit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_orbit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Second orbit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_orbit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_orbit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_orbit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Third orbit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_orbit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reentry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reentry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Reentry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reentry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Splashdown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Splashdown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Splashdown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Splashdown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Publicity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publicity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publicity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Publicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Audience" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audience"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Audience</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audience-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"The_Fourth_Orbit"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"The_Fourth_Orbit""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>"The Fourth Orbit"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"The_Fourth_Orbit"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spacecraft_location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spacecraft_location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Spacecraft location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spacecraft_location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_and_parameters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_and_parameters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Timeline and parameters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline_and_parameters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Timeline and parameters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline_and_parameters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Launch_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Launch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flight_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flight_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Flight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flight_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parameters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parameters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Parameters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parameters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dramatization_in_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dramatization_in_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Dramatization in film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dramatization_in_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anniversary_commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anniversary_commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Anniversary commemoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anniversary_commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury-Atlas 6</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3_6" title="ميركوري-أطلس 6 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميركوري-أطلس 6" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8_6" title="Мъркюри 6 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мъркюри 6" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Atlas_6" title="Mercury Atlas 6 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mercury Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3_%DB%B6" title="مرکوری-اطلس ۶ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرکوری-اطلس ۶" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A8%B8%ED%81%90%EB%A6%AC-%EC%95%84%ED%8B%80%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4_6%ED%98%B8" title="머큐리-아틀라스 6호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="머큐리-아틀라스 6호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendship_7" title="Friendship 7 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Friendship 7" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99-%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A1_6" title="מרקורי-אטלס 6 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרקורי-אטלס 6" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury%E2%80%93Atlas%E2%80%936" title="Mercury–Atlas–6 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mercury–Atlas–6" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_MA-6" title="Mercury MA-6 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mercury MA-6" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B96%E5%8F%B7" title="マーキュリー・アトラス6号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マーキュリー・アトラス6号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81-6" title="Меркурий-Атлас-6 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Меркурий-Атлас-6" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_6" title="Mercury 6 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mercury 6" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5-%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA_6" title="เมอร์คิวรี-แอตลาส 6 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมอร์คิวรี-แอตลาส 6" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mercury-Atlas 6" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9-%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81-6" title="Меркурій-Атлас-6 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Меркурій-Атлас-6" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F-%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A5%9E6%E5%8F%B7" title="水星-宇宙神6号 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="水星-宇宙神6号" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q498533#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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American orbital spaceflight</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Mercury-Atlas 6</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenn62.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Glenn62.jpg/240px-Glenn62.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Glenn62.jpg/360px-Glenn62.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Glenn62.jpg/480px-Glenn62.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4524" data-file-height="3425" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Still frame of <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a> in orbit, taken by<br />a motion picture camera inside <i>Friendship 7</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Test flight</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Harvard designation</th><td class="infobox-data">1962 Gamma 1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-003A">1962-003A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498533#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">240</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">4 hours, 55 minutes, 23 seconds<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance travelled</th><td class="infobox-data">65,763 nautical miles (121,793 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbits completed</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury#Spacecraft" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a> No.13</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell Aircraft">McDonnell Aircraft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">2,981 pounds (1,352 kg)<sup id="cite_ref-mass_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mass-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Crew</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crew size</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John H. Glenn, Jr</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Callsign</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Friendship 7</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">February 20, 1962, 14:47:39<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1962-02-20UTC14:47:39Z</span>)</span> <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_LV-3B" title="Atlas LV-3B">Atlas LV-3B</a> 109-D</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_14" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 14">LC-14</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recovered by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/USS_Noa_(DD-841)" title="USS Noa (DD-841)">USS <i>Noa</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">February 20, 1962, 19:43:02<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1962-02-20UTC19:43:03Z</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data">North Atlantic Ocean<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mercury-Atlas_6&params=21_20_N_68_40_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">68°40′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.333°N 68.667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.333; -68.667</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">80 nautical miles (150 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">134 nautical miles (248 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">32.5 degrees</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">88.47 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a></th><td class="infobox-data">February 20, 1962<sup id="cite_ref-satcat_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satcat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Friendship_7_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Friendship_7_insignia.jpg/180px-Friendship_7_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Friendship_7_insignia.jpg/270px-Friendship_7_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Friendship_7_insignia.jpg/360px-Friendship_7_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> <div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a><br /><small>Crewed missions</small></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_4" title="Mercury-Redstone 4">Mercury-Redstone 4</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_7" title="Mercury-Atlas 7">Mercury-Atlas 7</a> →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6)</b> was the first crewed American <a href="/wiki/Orbital_spaceflight" title="Orbital spaceflight">orbital spaceflight</a>, which took place on February 20, 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Piloted by astronaut <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a> and operated by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a>, it was the fifth <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">human spaceflight</a>, preceded by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> orbital flights <a href="/wiki/Vostok_1" title="Vostok 1">Vostok 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vostok_2" title="Vostok 2">2</a> and American <a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">sub-orbital</a> flights <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury-Redstone 3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_4" title="Mercury-Redstone 4">4</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mercury spacecraft, named <i><b>Friendship 7</b></i>, was carried to orbit by an <a href="/wiki/Atlas_LV-3B" title="Atlas LV-3B">Atlas LV-3B</a> launch vehicle lifting off from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_14" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 14">Launch Complex 14</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. After three orbits, the spacecraft <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_reentry" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric reentry">re-entered</a> the Earth's atmosphere, splashed down in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic Ocean</a>, and was safely taken aboard <a href="/wiki/USS_Noa_(DD-841)" title="USS Noa (DD-841)">USS <i>Noa</i></a>. The total mission flight time was 4 hours 55 minutes and 23 seconds. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the successful completion of the <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_5" title="Mercury-Atlas 5">Mercury-Atlas 5</a> flight that carried <a href="/wiki/Enos_(chimpanzee)" title="Enos (chimpanzee)">Enos</a>, a chimpanzee, in late November 1961, a press conference was held in early December. Reporters asked NASA's <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gilruth" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Gilruth">Robert Gilruth</a> who would be the first U.S. astronaut in orbit, piloting MA-6. He then announced the team members for the next two Mercury missions. John H. Glenn was selected as prime pilot for the first mission (MA-6), with <a href="/wiki/Scott_Carpenter" title="Scott Carpenter">M. Scott Carpenter</a> as his backup. <a href="/wiki/Deke_Slayton" title="Deke Slayton">Donald K. Slayton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wally_Schirra" title="Wally Schirra">Walter M. Schirra</a> were pilot and backup, respectively, for the second mission, <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_7" title="Mercury-Atlas 7">Mercury-Atlas 7</a>. </p><p>The MA-6 launch vehicle, Atlas #109-D, arrived at Cape Canaveral the evening of November 30, 1961. NASA had wanted to launch MA-6 in 1961 (hoping to orbit an astronaut in the same calendar year as the Soviets did), but by early December it was apparent that the mission hardware would not be ready for launch until early 1962. </p><p>Mercury spacecraft #13 began taking form on McDonnell's St. Louis, Missouri assembly line in May 1960. It was chosen for the MA-6 mission in October 1960 and delivered to Cape Canaveral on August 27, 1961. Mercury spacecraft #13 and Atlas #109-D were stacked on the pad at Launch Complex 14 on January 2, 1962. </p><p>As the effects of orbital space flight on humans were unknown except to the Soviets, who were keeping whatever knowledge they had a secret, Glenn was prepared with an onboard medical kit consisting of <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a> for pain relief, <a href="/wiki/Mephentermine_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mephentermine sulfate">mephentermine sulfate</a> to treat any shock symptoms, <a href="/wiki/Benzylamine#Salts" title="Benzylamine">benzylamine hydrochloride</a> to counter motion sickness and <a href="/wiki/Racemic_amphetamine_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Racemic amphetamine sulfate">racemic amphetamine sulfate</a>, a stimulant.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Survival_kit" title="Survival kit">survival kit</a> was also placed on board to assist Glenn while waiting for recovery after splashdown, including desalter kits, dye marker, distress signal, signal mirrors, signal whistle, first aid kits, shark chaser, a PK-2 raft, survival rations, matches, and a radio transceiver.<sup id="cite_ref-mercurychronology_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercurychronology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, due to the lessons learnt from the previous two manned flights, MA-6 was the first American spaceflight to include a dedicated urine collection device.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to MA-6, there had been a reluctance on the part of NASA to permit the use of cameras by astronauts as it was feared these might prove an unnecessary distraction. Glenn, however, was successful in persuading NASA that he should be allowed to take one on the mission, and a <a href="/wiki/Minolta_Hi-Matic" title="Minolta Hi-Matic">Minolta Hi-Matic</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/35_mm_format" class="mw-redirect" title="35 mm format">35mm film</a> camera (which he purchased himself at a local drug store) duly made the trip into orbit. This was modified to be used with pressure suit gloves, although changing the film in a weightless environment proved a difficult operation and during the flight Glenn knocked a film canister which then floated away, ending up behind the instrument panel.<sup id="cite_ref-RPS-2019_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPS-2019-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming">Naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glenn dubbed his capsule "Friendship 7", the seven in honor of the <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">seven original astronauts selected for Mercury</a>, a tradition inadvertently started by prior Mercury pilot, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a>, who incorporated the seven in "Freedom 7" as his spacecraft was factory model no. 7. The other astronauts liked the symbolism, and so each appended 7 to their spacecraft names as well.<sup id="cite_ref-life_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The spacecraft's name was developed democratically, with Glenn, his wife, Annie, and their children all participating in the process, consulting dictionaries and a thesaurus for possibilities. </p> <blockquote><p>"We played around with <i>Liberty</i>, <i>Independence</i>, a lot of them. The more I thought about it, the more I leaned toward the name <i>Friendship</i>. Flying around the world, over all those countries, that was the message I wanted to convey. In the end, that was the name the kids liked best, too. I was real proud of them." <i>John Glenn</i><sup id="cite_ref-life_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flight">Flight</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Flight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delays">Delays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Delays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The launch date was first announced as January 16, 1962, then postponed to January 20 because of problems with the Atlas rocket fuel tanks. A faulty yaw gyro was detected by the Spin Motor Rotation Detection System and replaced on January 13. The launch then slipped day by day to January 27 due to unfavorable winter weather. On that day, Glenn was on board Mercury 6 and ready to launch, when, at T−29 minutes, the flight director called off the launch because of thick clouds that would have made it impossible to photograph or film the launch vehicle after the first 20 seconds of the mission (the inability of launch crews to film the failed <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_1" title="Mercury-Atlas 1">Mercury-Atlas 1</a> launch 16 months earlier had proven the importance of flying only in clear skies). The large crowd of reporters gathered at Cape Canaveral for the launch went home, disappointed. Mission Director Walter Williams felt a sense of relief at the bad weather, as there was still a general sense that the spacecraft and booster were not ready to fly yet. </p><p>NASA informed the anxious public that the mission would take time to get ready since crewed launches required a high degree of preparation and safety standards. The launch was postponed until February 1, but when technicians began to fuel the Atlas on January 30, they discovered a fuel leak had soaked an internal insulation blanket between the RP-1 and LOX tanks. This caused a two-week delay while necessary repairs were made. On February 14, the launch was again postponed due to weather, which started to break on February 18, and it appeared that February 20 would be a favorable day to attempt a launch.<sup id="cite_ref-mercurychronology_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercurychronology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Flight Safety Review Board then met a few days before the launch to overview the twelve Atlas flights since <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_5" title="Mercury-Atlas 5">Mercury-Atlas 5</a> last November. Four failures had occurred in this time. Atlas 5F and <a href="/wiki/Ranger_3" title="Ranger 3">Ranger 3</a> had guidance failures that were of no concern for Mercury as it used a different model of guidance system and Atlas 6F and Samos 5 had random quality defects unlikely to be an issue on the more tightly supervised Mercury program. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch">Launch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Launch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenn_Enters_his_Mercury_Capsule_-_GPN-2000-001029.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Glenn_Enters_his_Mercury_Capsule_-_GPN-2000-001029.jpg/220px-Glenn_Enters_his_Mercury_Capsule_-_GPN-2000-001029.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Glenn_Enters_his_Mercury_Capsule_-_GPN-2000-001029.jpg/330px-Glenn_Enters_his_Mercury_Capsule_-_GPN-2000-001029.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Glenn_Enters_his_Mercury_Capsule_-_GPN-2000-001029.jpg/440px-Glenn_Enters_his_Mercury_Capsule_-_GPN-2000-001029.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2116" /></a><figcaption>Glenn entering <i>Friendship 7</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Glenn boarded the <i>Friendship 7</i> spacecraft at 11:03 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> on February 20 following an hour-and-a-half delay to replace a faulty component in the Atlas's guidance system. The hatch was bolted in place at 12:10 UTC. Most of the 70 hatch bolts had been secured, when one was discovered to be broken. This caused a 42-minute delay while all the bolts were removed, the defective bolt was replaced and the hatch was re-bolted in place. The count was resumed at 11:25 UTC, and the gantry was rolled back at 13:20 UTC. At 13:58 UTC the count was held for 25 minutes while a liquid oxygen propellant valve was repaired.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Launch_of_Friendship_7_-_GPN-2000-000686.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Launch_of_Friendship_7_-_GPN-2000-000686.jpg/220px-Launch_of_Friendship_7_-_GPN-2000-000686.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Launch_of_Friendship_7_-_GPN-2000-000686.jpg/330px-Launch_of_Friendship_7_-_GPN-2000-000686.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Launch_of_Friendship_7_-_GPN-2000-000686.jpg/440px-Launch_of_Friendship_7_-_GPN-2000-000686.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Launch of <i>Friendship 7</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Glynn_TV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/John_Glynn_TV.jpg/220px-John_Glynn_TV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/John_Glynn_TV.jpg/330px-John_Glynn_TV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/97/John_Glynn_TV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="268" /></a><figcaption>The launch was seen by millions of people on TV.</figcaption></figure> <p>At 14:47 UTC, after two hours and 17 minutes of holds and three hours and 44 minutes after Glenn entered <i>Friendship 7</i>, engineer <a href="/wiki/T._J._O%27Malley" title="T. J. O'Malley">T. J. O'Malley</a> pressed the button in the blockhouse launching the spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Siceloff_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siceloff-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Malley said, "the good Lord ride all the way," and then capsule communicator <a href="/wiki/Scott_Carpenter" title="Scott Carpenter">Scott Carpenter</a> uttered the famous phrase "Godspeed, John Glenn."<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-1998-10-28_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-1998-10-28-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to a glitch in Glenn's radio, he did not hear the Carpenter phrase during launch.<sup id="cite_ref-7_things_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7_things-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At liftoff Glenn's pulse rate climbed to 110 beats per minute. </p><p>Thirty seconds after liftoff, the General Electric-Burroughs designed guidance system locked onto a radio transponder in the booster to guide the vehicle to orbit. As the Atlas and <i>Friendship 7</i> passed through <a href="/wiki/Max_Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Q">max Q</a> Glenn reported, "Have some vibration area coming up here now."<sup id="cite_ref-ma06results_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma06results-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After max Q the flight smoothed out. At two minutes and 14 seconds after launch, the booster engines cut off and dropped away. Then at two minutes and twenty-four seconds, the <a href="/wiki/Escape_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Escape tower">escape tower</a> was jettisoned, right on schedule. </p><p>After the tower was jettisoned, the Atlas and spacecraft pitched over still further, giving Glenn his first view of the horizon. He described the view as "a beautiful sight, looking eastward across the Atlantic". Vibration increased as the last of the fuel supply was used up. Booster performance had been nearly flawless through the entire powered flight. At sustainer engine cut-off, it was found that the Atlas had accelerated the capsule to a speed only 7 ft/s (2.1 m/s) below nominal. At 14:52 UTC, <i>Friendship 7</i> was in orbit. Glenn received word that the Atlas had boosted the MA-6 into a trajectory that would stay up for at least seven orbits. Meanwhile, computers at the <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard Space Flight Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> indicated that the MA-6 orbital parameters appeared good enough for almost 100 orbits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_orbit">First orbit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First orbit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the posigrade rockets fired and separated the capsule from the booster, the five-second rate-damping operation started two and a half seconds late. This caused a substantial roll error as the capsule began its turnaround. The automatic <a href="/wiki/Attitude_control_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Attitude control system">attitude control system</a> took 38 seconds to place <i>Friendship 7</i> into its proper orbital attitude. The turnaround maneuver used 5.4 pounds (2.4 kg) of fuel from a total supply of 60.4 pounds (27.4 kg): 36 lb (16 kg) for automatic and 24.4 lb (11.1 kg) for manual control system. The spacecraft then settled into orbital flight with a velocity of 17,544 miles per hour (28,234 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercury_Control_Center_during_Mercury-Atlas_6_mission_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mercury_Control_Center_during_Mercury-Atlas_6_mission_1962.jpg/220px-Mercury_Control_Center_during_Mercury-Atlas_6_mission_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mercury_Control_Center_during_Mercury-Atlas_6_mission_1962.jpg/330px-Mercury_Control_Center_during_Mercury-Atlas_6_mission_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mercury_Control_Center_during_Mercury-Atlas_6_mission_1962.jpg/440px-Mercury_Control_Center_during_Mercury-Atlas_6_mission_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>View of Mission Control (called "Mercury Control" at the time) during the Mercury-Atlas 6 mission</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Friendship 7</i> began its first orbit with all systems go. It crossed the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a> and passed over the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>. Controllers there reported all capsule systems in perfect working order. Looking at the <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> coastline, and later the interior over <a href="/wiki/Kano_(city)" title="Kano (city)">Kano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, Glenn told the tracking station team that he could see a dust storm. Kano flight communicators replied that the winds had been quite heavy for the past week. </p><p>Over Kano, Glenn took control of the spacecraft and started a major <a href="/wiki/Yaw_(rotation)" title="Yaw (rotation)">yaw</a> adjustment. He allowed the spacecraft to continue the yaw maneuver until it was facing into its flight path. Glenn noticed that the attitude indicators disagreed with what he observed was the true spacecraft attitude. Even with the incorrect instrument readouts, he was pleased to be facing forward instead of backward on his orbital path.<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, Glenn observed his first sunset from orbit. He described the moment of twilight as "beautiful". The sky in space was very black, he said, with a thin band of blue along the horizon. He said the sun set fast, but not as quickly as he had expected. For five or six minutes there was a slow reduction in light intensity. Brilliant orange and blue layers spread out 45 to 60 degrees on either side of the sun, tapering gradually toward the horizon. Clouds prevented him from seeing a <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortar</a> flare fired by the Indian Ocean tracking ship as part of a pilot observation experiment. </p><p>Continuing his journey on the night side of Earth, nearing the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> coastline, Glenn made star, weather, and landmark observations. He looked for but failed to see the dim light phenomenon known as the <a href="/wiki/Zodiacal_light" title="Zodiacal light">zodiacal light</a>; his eyes had insufficient time to adapt to the darkness. </p><p>The spacecraft came into radio range of <a href="/wiki/Muchea_Tracking_Station" title="Muchea Tracking Station">Muchea</a>, Australia. At the Mercury Tracking Station there, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Cooper" title="Gordon Cooper">Gordon Cooper</a> was the capsule communicator. Glenn reported that he felt fine and had no problems. He saw a very bright light and what appeared to be the outline of a city. Cooper said that he probably was looking at the lights of <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth, Western Australia">Perth</a> and its satellite town of <a href="/wiki/Rockingham,_Western_Australia" title="Rockingham, Western Australia">Rockingham</a>. This turned out to be correct; many people in Perth turned on their lights so as to be visible to Glenn as he passed over. "That sure was a short day," he excitedly told Cooper. "That was about the shortest day I've ever run into."<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The spacecraft moved across Australia and across the <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a> to <a href="/wiki/Canton_Island" title="Canton Island">Canton Island</a>. Glenn experienced a short 45 minute night and prepared the periscope for viewing his first sunrise from orbit. As the sun rose over the island, he saw thousands of "little specks, brilliant specks, floating around outside the capsule"; he momentarily felt that the spacecraft was tumbling or that he was looking into a star field. A quick hard look out of the spacecraft window corrected the illusion and Glenn was sure that the "fireflies", as he called them, were streaming past his spacecraft from ahead.<sup id="cite_ref-mercurychronology_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercurychronology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 158–159">: 158–159 </span></sup> They seemed to flow by slowly but did not seem to be coming from any part of the spacecraft, and they disappeared as <i>Friendship 7</i> moved into brighter sunlight. It was later determined that they were probably small ice crystals venting from onboard spacecraft systems. </p><p>"I am in a big mass of some very small particles, they're brilliantly lit up like they're luminescent. I never saw anything like it. They round a little: they're coming by the capsule and they look like little stars. A whole shower of them coming by. They swirl around the capsule and go in front of the window and they're all brilliantly lighted." Glenn started banging the capsule wall and watched the "fireflies" come off, just as Alan Shepard did.<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercury-Atlas_6_Earth_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mercury-Atlas_6_Earth_photo.jpg/250px-Mercury-Atlas_6_Earth_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mercury-Atlas_6_Earth_photo.jpg/375px-Mercury-Atlas_6_Earth_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mercury-Atlas_6_Earth_photo.jpg/500px-Mercury-Atlas_6_Earth_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4544" data-file-height="2957" /></a><figcaption>Photo taken by Glenn (with an <a href="/wiki/Ansco" title="Ansco">Ansco</a> Autoset, a rebadged <a href="/wiki/Minolta_Hi-Matic" title="Minolta Hi-Matic">Minolta Hi-Matic</a>) during his flight</figcaption></figure> <p>As the spacecraft crossed the <a href="/wiki/Kauai,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kauai, Hawaii">Kauai, Hawaii</a> tracking station, Glenn noticed a lot of interference on the HF radio band. As he crossed the Pacific coast of North America, the tracking station at <a href="/wiki/Guaymas" title="Guaymas">Guaymas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, informed Mercury Control in Florida that a yaw thruster was causing attitude control problems. Glenn later recalled, this problem "was to stick with me for the rest of the flight".<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Glenn noticed the control problem when the automatic stabilization and control system allowed the spacecraft to drift about a degree and a half per second to the right. Glenn switched control to manual-proportional control mode and moved <i>Friendship 7</i> back to the proper attitude. He tried different control modes to see which used the least fuel to maintain altitude. The manual <a href="/wiki/Fly-by-wire" title="Fly-by-wire">fly-by-wire</a> combination used the least fuel. After about twenty minutes, the yaw thruster began working again and Glenn switched back to the automatic control system. It worked for a short time and then began having problems again, this time with the opposite yaw thruster. He then switched back to the manual fly-by-wire system and flew the spacecraft in that mode for the remainder of the flight.<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_orbit">Second orbit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second orbit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As <i>Friendship 7</i> crossed <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral" title="Cape Canaveral">Cape Canaveral</a> at the start of its second orbit, flight systems controller Don Arabian<sup id="cite_ref-Kranz_68_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kranz_68-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> noticed that "Segment 51", a sensor providing data on the spacecraft landing system, was giving a strange reading. According to the reading, the heat shield and landing bag were no longer locked in position. If this were the case, the heat shield was only being held against the spacecraft by the straps of the retro package. Mercury Control ordered all tracking sites to monitor "Segment 51" closely and advise Glenn that the landing-bag deploy switch should be in the "off" position. </p><p>Glenn was not immediately aware of the problem, but he became suspicious when site after site asked him to make sure that the landing-bag deploy switch was off. Meanwhile, <i>Friendship 7</i> was crossing the Atlantic for the second time. Glenn was busy manually keeping the spacecraft <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attitude (geometry)">attitude</a> correct and also trying to accomplish as many of the flight plan tasks as he could. </p><p>Crossing over the Canary Islands, Glenn observed that the "fireflies" outside the spacecraft had no connection with gas from the reaction control jets. His suit temperature felt too warm, but he did not take time to adjust it. The Kano, Nigeria and <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> sites suddenly noticed a 12 percent drop in the spacecraft secondary oxygen supply. </p><p>During his second pass over the Indian Ocean, Glenn found that the Indian Ocean tracking ship was in heavy weather. The tracking station had planned to release balloons for a pilot observation experiment, but instead the ship fired star-shell parachute flares as <i>Friendship 7</i> passed overhead. Glenn was able to observe the flashes of lightning from storms in the area but was unable to see the flares. </p><p>The temperature in Glenn's spacesuit was too warm. It had been since he passed over the Canary Islands, earlier in the second orbit. As he crossed the Indian Ocean, he tried to adjust the suit temperature. As he approached Woomera, Australia, a signal light came on warning him of excess cabin humidity. For the rest of the flight, Glenn had to carefully balance suit cooling against the cabin humidity. </p><p>While he was still over Australia, another warning light came on, indicating that the fuel supply for the automatic control system was down to 62%. Mercury Control recommended that Glenn let the spacecraft <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attitude (geometry)">attitude</a> drift to conserve fuel. </p><p>There were no more problems for <i>Friendship 7</i> during the remainder of the second orbit. Glenn continued to manually control the spacecraft attitude, not allowing it to drift too far out of alignment. In doing so, he consumed more fuel than a functioning automatic system would have used. Fuel consumption was 6 pounds (2.7 kg) from the automatic tank and 11.8 pounds (5.4 kg) from the manual tank during the second orbit. This amounted to almost 30% of the total fuel supply. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_orbit">Third orbit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Third orbit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the third orbit of <i>Friendship 7</i>, the Indian Ocean tracking ship did not attempt to launch any objects for pilot observation experiments, as the cloud coverage was still too thick. When the spacecraft came across Australia for the third time, Glenn joked with Cooper at the <a href="/wiki/Muchea_Tracking_Station" title="Muchea Tracking Station">Muchea Tracking Station</a>. Glenn asked Cooper to notify <a href="/wiki/David_M._Shoup" title="David M. Shoup">General Shoup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Commandant of the United States Marine Corps">Commandant of the Marine Corps</a>, that three orbits should meet the minimum monthly requirement of four hours' flying time. He also asked to be certified as eligible for his regular flight pay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reentry">Reentry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reentry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During Glenn's orbits, Mercury Control had been monitoring the problem with "Segment 51". The Hawaiian tracking station asked Glenn to toggle the landing bag deploy switch into the automatic position. If a light came on, reentry should take place while retaining the retro pack. Given the earlier questions about the landing bag switch, Glenn realized the controllers must have found a possible problem with a loose heat shield. The test was run but no light appeared. Glenn also reported there were no bumping noises during spacecraft maneuvers.<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mercury Control was still undecided on the course of action to take. Some controllers thought the <a href="/wiki/Retrorocket" title="Retrorocket">retrorocket</a> pack should be jettisoned after retrofire, while other controllers thought the retro pack should be retained, as added assurance that the heat shield would stay in place. Mission Director Walter C. Williams decided to keep the retro pack in place during reentry,<sup id="cite_ref-mercurychronology_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercurychronology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 158–159">: 158–159 </span></sup> overruling Flight Director <a href="/wiki/Chris_Kraft#Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Kraft">Chris Kraft</a>. Walter Schirra, the California communicator at Point Arguello, relayed the instructions to Glenn: the retro pack should be retained until the spacecraft was over the Texas tracking station. After the mission was over, the "Segment 51" warning light problem was later determined to be a faulty sensor switch, meaning that the heat shield and landing bag were in fact secure during reentry.<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Glenn was now preparing for reentry. Retaining the retro package meant he would have to retract the periscope manually. He would also have to activate the 0.05-g sequence by pushing the override switch. <i>Friendship 7</i> neared the California coast. It had been four hours and 33 minutes since launch. The spacecraft was maneuvered into retrofire attitude and the first retrorocket fired. "Roger. Retros are firing. ... Are they ever. It feels like I'm going back toward Hawaii", Glenn radioed. The second and then the third retros fired at five-second intervals. The spacecraft attitude was steady during retrofire. Six minutes after retrofire, Glenn maneuvered the spacecraft into a 14-degree nose up pitch attitude for reentry.<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Friendship 7</i> lost altitude in its reentry glide over the continental United States, and headed toward splashdown in the Atlantic. The Texas tracking station told Glenn to retain the retro pack until the accelerometer read 1.5 <i>g</i> (14.7 m/s<sup>2</sup>). Glenn reported as he crossed Cape Canaveral that he had been controlling the spacecraft manually and would use the fly-by-wire mode as a backup. Mercury Control then gave him the 0.05 <i>g</i> (0.49 m/s<sup>2</sup>) mark, and he pressed the override button.<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About the same time, Glenn heard noises that sounded like "small things brushing against the capsule". "This is Friendship 7 – a real fireball outside," he radioed Mercury Control. A strap from the retro package broke partially loose and hung over the spacecraft window as it was consumed in the reentry plasma stream. The spacecraft control system was working well but the manual fuel supply was down to 15 percent. The peak of reentry deceleration was still to come. Glenn switched to fly-by-wire and the automatic tank supply. This combination had more available fuel. </p><p>The spacecraft now experienced peak reentry heating. Glenn later reported, "I thought the retro pack had jettisoned and saw chunks coming off and flying by the window." He feared the chunks were pieces of his heat shield that might be disintegrating. The chunks were pieces of the retro package breaking up in the reentry fireball. </p><p>After passing the peak <i>g</i> region, <i>Friendship 7</i> began oscillating severely.<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The astronaut could not control the ship manually. The spacecraft was oscillating past 10 degrees on both sides of the vertical zero-degree point. "I felt like a falling leaf," Glenn later said. He activated the auxiliary damping system, which helped to stabilize the large yaw and roll rates. Fuel in the automatic tanks was getting low. Glenn wondered if the spacecraft would retain stability until it was low enough to deploy the <a href="/wiki/Drogue_parachute" title="Drogue parachute">drogue parachute</a>. </p><p>The automatic fuel supply ran out at 1 minute and 51 seconds, and manual fuel ran out at 51 seconds, before drogue chute deployment.<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oscillations resumed. At 35,000 feet (11 km), Glenn decided to deploy the drogue chute manually to regain attitude stability. Just before he reached the switch, the drogue chute opened automatically at 28,000 feet (8.5 km) instead of the programmed 21,000 feet (6.4 km). The spacecraft regained stability and Glenn reported, "everything was in good shape."<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 17,000 feet (5.2 km) the periscope opened and was available for the astronaut to use. Glenn tried to look out the overhead window instead, but it was coated with so much smoke and film that he could see very little. The spacecraft continued to descend on the drogue chute. The antenna section jettisoned and the main chute deployed and opened to its full diameter. Mercury Control reminded Glenn to manually deploy the landing bag. He toggled the switch and the green light confirmation came on. A "clunk" could be heard as the heat shield and landing bag dropped into place, four feet (1.2 m) below the capsule.<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Splashdown">Splashdown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Splashdown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Noa_(DD-841)_hoists_Friendship_7_capsule_aboard_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/USS_Noa_%28DD-841%29_hoists_Friendship_7_capsule_aboard_1962.jpg/220px-USS_Noa_%28DD-841%29_hoists_Friendship_7_capsule_aboard_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/USS_Noa_%28DD-841%29_hoists_Friendship_7_capsule_aboard_1962.jpg/330px-USS_Noa_%28DD-841%29_hoists_Friendship_7_capsule_aboard_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/USS_Noa_%28DD-841%29_hoists_Friendship_7_capsule_aboard_1962.jpg/440px-USS_Noa_%28DD-841%29_hoists_Friendship_7_capsule_aboard_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>The destroyer <a href="/wiki/USS_Noa_(DD-841)" title="USS Noa (DD-841)"><i>Noa</i></a> hoists the <i>Friendship 7</i> capsule aboard</figcaption></figure> <p>The spacecraft splashed down in the North Atlantic about 220 miles (350 km) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and near <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mercury-Atlas_6&params=21_20_N_68_40_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">68°40′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.333°N 68.667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.333; -68.667</span></span></span></a></span></span>, 40 miles (64 km) short of the planned landing zone.<sup id="cite_ref-ma06results_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma06results-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Retrofire calculations had not taken into account spacecraft mass loss due to use of onboard consumables. <a href="/wiki/USS_Noa_(DD-841)" title="USS Noa (DD-841)">USS <i>Noa</i></a>, a destroyer code-named "Steelhead", had spotted the spacecraft when it was descending on its parachute. The destroyer was about 6 miles (9.7 km) away when it radioed Glenn that it would reach him shortly. <i>Noa</i> came alongside <i>Friendship 7</i> seventeen minutes later. </p><p>One crewman cleared the spacecraft antenna and another crewman attached a line to hoist <i>Friendship 7</i> aboard. After being pulled from the water, the spacecraft bumped against the side of the destroyer. Once <i>Friendship 7</i> was on deck, Glenn intended to leave the capsule through the upper hatch, but it was too hot in the spacecraft and Glenn decided to blow the side hatch instead. He told the ship's crew to stand clear and hit the hatch detonator plunger with the back of his hand. The detonator plunger recoiled, and slightly cut the astronaut's knuckles through his glove. With a loud bang, the hatch was off. <a href="/wiki/Harry_Beal" title="Harry Beal">Harry Beal</a>, the first U.S. Navy Seal, pulled Glenn out of <i>Friendship 7</i>. A smiling Glenn got out of <i>Friendship 7</i> and stood on the deck of <i>Noa</i>. His first words were, "It was hot in there."<sup id="cite_ref-AnAmericaninOrbit_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAmericaninOrbit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The astronaut and spacecraft came through the mission in good shape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publicity">Publicity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Publicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audience">Audience</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Audience"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> broadcast the flight with Walter Cronkite discussing it to an audience of "[m]ost Americans" and many Americans who did not watch on CBS saw the event on <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC</a> or <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""The_Fourth_Orbit""><span id=".22The_Fourth_Orbit.22"></span>"The Fourth Orbit"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: "The Fourth Orbit""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the return of <i>Friendship 7</i>, NASA announced on April 19, 1962, that the spacecraft would be lent to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">United States Information Agency</a> for a world tour. The tour included more than 20 stops, becoming known as the "Fourth orbit of <i>Friendship 7</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-mercurychronology_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercurychronology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spacecraft_location">Spacecraft location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Spacecraft location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capsule,_Mercury,_MA-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Capsule%2C_Mercury%2C_MA-6.jpg/220px-Capsule%2C_Mercury%2C_MA-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Capsule%2C_Mercury%2C_MA-6.jpg/330px-Capsule%2C_Mercury%2C_MA-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Capsule%2C_Mercury%2C_MA-6.jpg/440px-Capsule%2C_Mercury%2C_MA-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5784" data-file-height="7543" /></a><figcaption><i>Friendship 7</i> on exhibit at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a> in Chantilly, Virginia</figcaption></figure> <p>Mercury spacecraft # 13 – <i>Friendship 7</i> – is currently displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Udvar-Hazy_Center" title="Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center">Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum’s</a> annex, in <a href="/wiki/Chantilly,_Virginia" title="Chantilly, Virginia">Chantilly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-60years-20220218_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-60years-20220218-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_and_parameters">Timeline and parameters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Timeline and parameters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch_2">Launch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Launch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Attempt </th> <th>Planned (UTC) </th> <th>Result </th> <th>Turnaround </th> <th>Reason </th> <th>Decision point </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>27 Jan 1962, 12:00:00 am </td> <td>scrubbed </td> <td> </td> <td>weather </td> <td>T-minus 29 minutes </td> <td>Weather conditions<sup id="cite_ref-mercurychronology_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercurychronology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>30 Jan 1962, 12:00:00 am </td> <td>scrubbed </td> <td>3 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes </td> <td>technical </td> <td> </td> <td>Fuel tank leak in Atlas launch vehicle discovered during fueling<sup id="cite_ref-mercurychronology_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercurychronology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>14 Feb 1962, 12:00:00 am </td> <td>scrubbed </td> <td>15 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes </td> <td>weather </td> <td> </td> <td>"Unfavorable weather conditions"<sup id="cite_ref-mercurychronology_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mercurychronology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>20 Feb 1962, 2:47:39 pm </td> <td>success </td> <td>6 days, 14 hours, 48 minutes </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Countdown began at 2:45 am local time </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flight_2">Flight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Flight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Time (hh:mm:ss) </th> <th>Event </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>00:00:00 </td> <td width="160">Liftoff </td> <td>Mercury-Atlas lifts off, onboard clock starts. </td></tr> <tr> <td>00:00:02 </td> <td>Roll Program </td> <td>Mercury-Atlas rotates along its axis 2.5 deg/s from 30 to 0 deg. </td></tr> <tr> <td>00:00:16 </td> <td>Pitch Program </td> <td>Mercury-Atlas begins a 0.5 deg/s pitch from 90 to 0 deg. </td></tr> <tr> <td>00:00:30 </td> <td>Radio Guidance Lock </td> <td>General Electric-Burroughs guidance system locks onto radio transponder in Atlas booster to guide the vehicle until orbit insertion. </td></tr> <tr> <td>00:01:24 </td> <td>Max <i>Q</i> </td> <td>Maximum dynamic pressure 980 lbf/sq ft (47 kPa) </td></tr> <tr> <td>00:02:10 </td> <td>BECO </td> <td>Atlas Booster Engine Cutoff. Booster engines drop away. </td></tr> <tr> <td>00:02:33 </td> <td>Tower Jettison </td> <td>Escape Tower Jettison, no longer needed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>00:02:25 </td> <td>Atlas Pitchover </td> <td>After tower separation, vehicle pitches over further. </td></tr> <tr> <td>00:05:20 </td> <td>SECO </td> <td>Atlas Sustainer Engine Cutoff, capsule reaches orbit, velocity 17,547 mph (7,844 m/s) </td></tr> <tr> <td>00:05:24 </td> <td>Capsule Separation </td> <td>Posigrade rockets fire for 1 s giving 15 ft/s (4.6 m/s) separation. </td></tr> <tr> <td>00:05:25 </td> <td>5 second Rate Damping </td> <td>ASCS damps capsule rates for 5 seconds in preparation for turnaround maneuver. </td></tr> <tr> <td>00:05:25 </td> <td>Turnaround Maneuver </td> <td>Capsule (ASCS) system rotates capsule 180 degrees, to heat shield forward attitude. Nose is pitched down 34 degrees to retro fire position. </td></tr> <tr> <td>00:05:30 - 04:30:00 </td> <td>Orbital Operations </td> <td>Orbital operations and experiments for 3 orbits. </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:30:00 </td> <td>Retro Sequence Start </td> <td>Retrofire in 30 s. (ASCS) checks for proper retro attitude -34 deg pitch, 0 deg yaw, 0 deg roll. </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:30:30 </td> <td>Retrofire </td> <td>Three retro rockets fire for 10 seconds each. They are started at 5 second intervals, firing overlaps for a total of 20 s. Delta V of 550 ft/s (170 m/s) is taken off forward velocity. </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:35:45 </td> <td>Retract Periscope </td> <td>Periscope is retracted in preparation for reentry. </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:36:15 </td> <td>Retro Pack Jettison </td> <td>One minute after retrofire retro pack is jettisoned, leaving heat shield clear. (Was overridden in the mission.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:36:20 </td> <td>Retro Attitude Maneuver </td> <td>(ASCS) orients capsule in 34 degrees nose down pitch, 0 degrees roll, 0 degrees yaw. </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:42:15 </td> <td>.05 G Maneuver </td> <td>(ASCS) detects beginning of reentry and rolls capsule at 10 deg/s to stabilize capsule during reentry. </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:49:38 </td> <td>Drogue Parachute Deploy </td> <td>Drogue parachute deployed at 22,000 ft (6.7 km) slowing descent to 365 ft/s (111 m/s) and stabilizing capsule. </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:49:45 </td> <td>Snorkel Deploy </td> <td>Fresh air snorkel deploys at 20,000 ft (6.1 km) ECS switches to emergency oxygen rate to cool cabin. </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:50:15 </td> <td>Main Parachute Deploy </td> <td>Main parachute deploys at 10,000 ft (3.0 km). Descent rate slows to 30 ft/s (9.1 m/s) </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:50:20 </td> <td>Landing Bag Deploy </td> <td>Landing bag deploys, dropping heat shield down 4 ft (1.2 m). </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:50:20 </td> <td>Fuel Dump </td> <td>Remaining hydrogen peroxide fuel automatically dumped. </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:55:30 </td> <td>Splashdown </td> <td>Capsule lands in water about 500 mi (800 km) downrange from launch site. </td></tr> <tr> <td>04:55:30 </td> <td>Rescue Aids Deploy </td> <td>Rescue aid package deployed. The package includes green dye marker, recovery radio beacon and whip antenna. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parameters">Parameters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Parameters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a> of spacecraft: 2,981 pounds (1,352 kg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perigee" class="mw-redirect" title="Perigee">Perigee</a> of orbit: 80 nautical miles (150 km)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apogee" class="mw-redirect" title="Apogee">Apogee</a> of orbit: 134 nautical miles (248 km)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclination" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclination">Inclination</a> of orbit: 32.5°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period</a>: 88.5 min</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/MA-6.theora.ogv/220px--MA-6.theora.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="633" data-mwtitle="MA-6.theora.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:MA-6.theora.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/MA-6.theora.ogv/MA-6.theora.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/MA-6.theora.ogv/MA-6.theora.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/MA-6.theora.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/MA-6.theora.ogv/MA-6.theora.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/MA-6.theora.ogv/MA-6.theora.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/MA-6.theora.ogv/MA-6.theora.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/MA-6.theora.ogv/MA-6.theora.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>NASA documentary with Glenn about <i>Friendship 7</i>, 2012</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dramatization_in_film">Dramatization in film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Dramatization in film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Philip_Kaufman" title="Philip Kaufman">Philip Kaufman</a>'s 1983 film <a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(film)" title="The Right Stuff (film)"><i>The Right Stuff</i></a> includes a dramatization of the <i>Friendship 7</i> mission in which <a href="/wiki/Ed_Harris" title="Ed Harris">Ed Harris</a> plays Glenn. The sequence depicts the spacecraft's three orbits and Glenn's responses to what he saw, sometimes quoted verbatim, as well as the concerns over the heat shield during reentry. The mysterious "fireflies" are also shown, but their true explanation is not revealed; instead they are depicted as magical protection summoned by <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Muchea_Tracking_Station" title="Muchea Tracking Station">Muchea Tracking Station</a>. </p><p>The 2016 film <i><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Figures" title="Hidden Figures">Hidden Figures</a></i> features the <i>Friendship 7</i> mission in the climax of the movie, focusing on <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a>'s calculations of the landing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anniversary_commemoration">Anniversary commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Anniversary commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the flight in 2012, Glenn was surprised with the opportunity to speak with the <a href="/wiki/Expedition_30" title="Expedition 30">orbiting crew</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> while Glenn was on-stage with <a href="/wiki/NASA_Administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA Administrator">NASA Administrator</a> <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Bolden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlie Bolden">Charlie Bolden</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>, where <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn_School_of_Public_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="John Glenn School of Public Affairs">the public affairs school</a> is named in honor of Glenn.<sup id="cite_ref-nbc-franko-20120220_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbc-franko-20120220-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">Space exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splashdown" title="Splashdown">Splashdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps" title="U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps">U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In US this was sold as the <a href="/wiki/Ansco" title="Ansco">Ansco</a> Autoset.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/policies.html#Guidelines">public domain material</a> from websites or documents of the <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mercury/missions/friendship7.html">"Mercury-Atlas 6"</a>. 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Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. 1962.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Voyage+of+Friendship+7&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMercury-Atlas+6" class="Z3988"></span> Official NASA film of the flight, this version from the <i>NASA 25 Years</i> DVD released by Madacy Entertainment Group Inc. in 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siceloff-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Siceloff_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiceloff2009" class="citation web cs1">Siceloff, Steve (November 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/topics/history/features/omalleyobit.html">"Famed Engineer O'Malley Dies at age 94"</a>. <i>NASA News & Features</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2009</span>. <q>O'Malley is perhaps best known as the man who pushed the button to launch the Atlas rocket that carried astronaut John Glenn into orbit on Feb. 20, 1962.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+News+%26+Features&rft.atitle=Famed+Engineer+O%27Malley+Dies+at+age+94&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft.aulast=Siceloff&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ftopics%2Fhistory%2Ffeatures%2Fomalleyobit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMercury-Atlas+6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-1998-10-28-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-1998-10-28_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilford1998" class="citation news cs1">Wilford, John Noble (October 28, 1998). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/28/us/at-cape-canaveral-reliving-the-grand-highs-of-62.html">"At Cape Canaveral, Reliving the Grand Highs of '62"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=At+Cape+Canaveral%2C+Reliving+the+Grand+Highs+of+%2762&rft.date=1998-10-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wilford&rft.aufirst=John+Noble&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F10%2F28%2Fus%2Fat-cape-canaveral-reliving-the-grand-highs-of-62.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMercury-Atlas+6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7_things-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7_things_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaranzani2016" class="citation web cs1">Maranzani, Barbara (December 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-may-notknow-about-john-glenn-and-friendship-7">"7 Things You May Not Know About John Glenn"</a>. <i>History.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603143323/https://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-may-notknow-about-john-glenn-and-friendship-7">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=7+Things+You+May+Not+Know+About+John+Glenn&rft.date=2016-12-08&rft.aulast=Maranzani&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2F7-things-you-may-notknow-about-john-glenn-and-friendship-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMercury-Atlas+6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ma06results-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ma06results_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma06results_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation techreport cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/mission_trans/MA06_TEC.PDF"><i>Results of the First U.S. Manned Orbital Space Flight February 20, 1962</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Technical report). <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. 1962. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415232900/https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/mission_trans/MA06_TEC.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Results+of+the+First+U.S.+Manned+Orbital+Space+Flight+February+20%2C+1962&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistorycollection.jsc.nasa.gov%2FJSCHistoryPortal%2Fhistory%2Fmission_trans%2FMA06_TEC.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMercury-Atlas+6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kranz_68-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kranz_68_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKranz2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kranz" title="Gene Kranz">Kranz, Gene</a> (2001). "God Speed, John Glenn". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s9eOX7Sr6KkC"><i>Failure Is Not an Option: Mission Control from Mercury to Apollo 13 and Beyond</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1447-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1447-6"><bdi>978-0-7432-1447-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=God+Speed%2C+John+Glenn&rft.btitle=Failure+Is+Not+an+Option%3A+Mission+Control+from+Mercury+to+Apollo+13+and+Beyond&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-1447-6&rft.aulast=Kranz&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds9eOX7Sr6KkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMercury-Atlas+6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>TIME Annual 1998: The Year in Review</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/TIME" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME">TIME</a> Books. 1999. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-883013-61-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-883013-61-5"><bdi>1-883013-61-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1097-5721">1097-5721</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TIME+Annual+1998%3A+The+Year+in+Review&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=TIME+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.issn=1097-5721&rft.isbn=1-883013-61-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMercury-Atlas+6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa-60years-20220218-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nasa-60years-20220218_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUri2022" class="citation web cs1">Uri, John (February 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-john-glenn-the-first-american-to-orbit-the-earth-aboard-friendship-7/">"60 Years Ago: John Glenn, the First American to Orbit the Earth aboard Friendship 7"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231118233615/https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-john-glenn-the-first-american-to-orbit-the-earth-aboard-friendship-7/">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=60+Years+Ago%3A+John+Glenn%2C+the+First+American+to+Orbit+the+Earth+aboard+Friendship+7&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.aulast=Uri&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fhistory%2F60-years-ago-john-glenn-the-first-american-to-orbit-the-earth-aboard-friendship-7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMercury-Atlas+6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbc-franko-20120220-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nbc-franko-20120220_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranko2012" class="citation news cs1">Franko, Kantele (February 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna46455911">"Armstrong honors Glenn 50 years after his orbit - NASA also surprised Glenn with space station chat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420093026/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna46455911">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Armstrong+honors+Glenn+50+years+after+his+orbit+-+NASA+also+surprised+Glenn+with+space+station+chat&rft.date=2012-02-20&rft.aulast=Franko&rft.aufirst=Kantele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna46455911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMercury-Atlas+6" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mercury-Atlas_6" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mercury6.spacelog.org/">Mercury-Atlas 6 Radio Transcripts on spacelog.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090525123504/https://mira.hq.nasa.gov/history/ws/hdmshrc/all/main/DDD/16286.PDF">NASA Mercury MA6 press kit - Jan 21, 1962</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930074071_1993074071.pdf">Results of the first U.S. crewed orbital space flight - Feb 20, 1962 (<i>Friendship 7</i>) NASA report - (PDF format)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpJFdudBNUw"><span class="plainlinks">The 1962 documentary <i>The John Glenn Story</i></span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Friendship7-JohnGlennOrbitalFlight"><i>Friendship 7</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Mercury6">"Mercury 6 Audio Collection"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mercury+6+Audio+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FMercury6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMercury-Atlas+6" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Project_Mercury" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Project_Mercury" title="Template:Project Mercury"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Project_Mercury" title="Template talk:Project Mercury"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Project_Mercury" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Project Mercury"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Project_Mercury" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">Space flight</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-right:1.0em;"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercury_Capsule2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercury program capsule"><img alt="Mercury program capsule" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mercury_Capsule2.png/70px-Mercury_Capsule2.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mercury_Capsule2.png/105px-Mercury_Capsule2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mercury_Capsule2.png/140px-Mercury_Capsule2.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption>Mercury program capsule</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Suborbit: <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3"><i>Freedom 7</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_4" title="Mercury-Redstone 4"><i>Liberty Bell 7</i></a></li> <li>Earth orbit: <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Friendship 7</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_7" title="Mercury-Atlas 7"><i>Aurora 7</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_8" title="Mercury-Atlas 8"><i>Sigma 7</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_9" title="Mercury-Atlas 9"><i>Faith 7</i></a></li> <li>Cancelled: <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_10" title="Mercury-Atlas 10"><i>Freedom 7 II</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Uncrewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_1" title="Little Joe 1">Little Joe 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Joe_1" title="Big Joe 1">Big Joe 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_6" title="Little Joe 6">LJ-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_1A" title="Little Joe 1A">LJ-1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_2" title="Little Joe 2">LJ-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_1B" title="Little Joe 1B">LJ-1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_Abort" title="Beach Abort">Beach Abort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_1" title="Mercury-Atlas 1">MA-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_5" title="Little Joe 5">Little Joe 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_1" title="Mercury-Redstone 1">MR-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_1A" title="Mercury-Redstone 1A">MR-1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_2" title="Mercury-Redstone 2">MR-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_2" title="Mercury-Atlas 2">MA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_5A" title="Little Joe 5A">LJ-5A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_BD" title="Mercury-Redstone BD">MR-BD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_3" title="Mercury-Atlas 3">MA-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_5B" title="Little Joe 5B">LJ-5B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_4" title="Mercury-Atlas 4">MA-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Scout_1" title="Mercury-Scout 1">MS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_5" title="Mercury-Atlas 5">MA-5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_space" title="Animals in space">Flown non-human</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_2" title="Little Joe 2">Sam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_1B" title="Little Joe 1B">Miss Sam</a></li> <li>Suborbit: <a href="/wiki/Ham_(chimpanzee)" title="Ham (chimpanzee)">Ham</a></li> <li>Earth orbit: <a href="/wiki/Enos_(chimpanzee)" title="Enos (chimpanzee)">Enos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronauts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">Mercury Seven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In order of flight</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Suborbit: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Grissom" title="Gus Grissom">Gus Grissom</a></li> <li>Earth orbit: <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Carpenter" title="Scott Carpenter">Scott Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Schirra" title="Wally Schirra">Wally Schirra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Cooper" title="Gordon Cooper">Gordon Cooper</a></li> <li>Did not fly: <a href="/wiki/Deke_Slayton" title="Deke Slayton">Deke Slayton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Mark_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy Mark IV">Navy Mark IV</a> (space suit)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subprograms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas" title="Mercury-Atlas">Mercury-Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_Launch_Vehicle" title="Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle">Mercury-Redstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Scout_1" title="Mercury-Scout 1">Mercury-Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Jupiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury-Jupiter">Mercury-Jupiter</a> (canceled)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contractors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell Aircraft">McDonnell Aircraft Corporation</a> (spacecraft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair" title="Convair">Convair</a> (Atlas rocket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a> (Redstone rocket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American Aviation</a> (Little Joe rocket)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_LV-3B" title="Atlas LV-3B">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_Launch_Vehicle" title="Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle">Redstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-90_Blue_Scout_II" title="RM-90 Blue Scout II">Blue Scout II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_(rocket)" title="Little Joe (rocket)">Little Joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-19_Jupiter" title="PGM-19 Jupiter">Jupiter</a> (proposed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch sites<br />and Control Center</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallops_Island" title="Wallops Island">Wallops Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wallops_Flight_Facility" title="Wallops Flight Facility">Wallops Flight Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_5" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 5">Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_14" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 14">Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Control_Center" title="Mercury Control Center">Mercury Control Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">US</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a> (successor program)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a> (lunar program)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Soviet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok</a> (rival in space race)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_spacesuit" title="Mercury spacesuit">Mercury spacesuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_Wives_Club" title="Astronaut Wives Club">Astronaut Wives Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_13" title="Mercury 13">Mercury 13</a> (non-NASA project inspired by Project Mercury)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_space_program" title="Template talk:NASA space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Policy</a> and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">History<br />(<a href="/wiki/Creation_of_NASA" title="Creation of NASA">creation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine#National_Commission_on_Space" title="Thomas O. Paine">Paine</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Committee" title="Augustine Committee">Augustine</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">U.S. National Space Policy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">CFUSAI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">CAIB</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_and_deputy_administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA">Administrator and Deputy Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Chief_Scientist" title="NASA Chief Scientist">Chief Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_research" title="NASA research">NASA research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_spinoff_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA spinoff technologies">spinoff technologies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA%2B" title="NASA+">NASA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Social" title="NASA Social">NASA Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Control_Center" title="Mercury Control Center">Mercury Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_48" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 48">Launch Complex 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Control_Center" title="Launch Control Center">Launch Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_and_Checkout_Building" title="Operations and Checkout Building">Operations and Checkout Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–<i>Mir</i></a> (with <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos State Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_%2798" title="Mars Surveyor '98">Mars Surveyor '98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor Robotic Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System">Earth Observing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Terrestrial_Probes_program" title="Solar Terrestrial Probes program">Solar Terrestrial Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Innovative_Missions_for_Planetary_Exploration" title="Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration">SIMPLEx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Individual featured<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">missions</a><br />(human and robotic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury 3</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project"><i>Galileo</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)" title="Aquarius (SAC-D instrument)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens"><i>Cassini</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">observed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Currently<br />operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><i>Swift</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">THEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_14" title="GOES 14">GOES 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)"><i>Juno</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plankton,_Aerosol,_Cloud,_ocean_Ecosystem" title="Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem">PACE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Communications_and_Navigation_Program" title="Space Communications and Navigation Program">Communications<br />and navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Network" title="Near Earth Network">Near Earth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Network" title="Space Network">Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_name" title="List of astronauts by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle crews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_aircraft" title="List of NASA aircraft">NASA aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">NASA missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions" title="List of uncrewed NASA missions">uncrewed missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">Apollo missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rockets_of_the_United_States" title="List of rockets of the United States">United States rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cancellations" title="List of NASA cancellations">NASA cancellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cameras_on_spacecraft" title="List of NASA cameras on spacecraft">NASA cameras on spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA images<br />and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(Voyager)" title="Family Portrait (Voyager)">Family Portrait</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation" title="Pillars of Creation">Pillars of Creation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Mountain" title="Mystic Mountain">Mystic Mountain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)" title="Family Portrait (MESSENGER)"><i>Solar System Family Portrait</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deep_fields" title="List of deep fields">Deep fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Apollo 11 goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_insignia" title="NASA insignia">NASA insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Gemini_and_Apollo_medallions" title="NASA space-flown Gemini and Apollo medallions">Gemini and Apollo medallions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hubble_Space_Telescope_anniversary_images" title="List of Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images">Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Mirror_Memorial" title="Space Mirror Memorial">Space Mirror Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astronaut_Monument" title="The Astronaut Monument">The Astronaut Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample_displays" title="Lunar sample displays">Lunar sample displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">stolen or missing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps" title="U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps">Space program on U.S. stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space#United_States" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Other primates in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_International_Space_Apps_Challenge" title="NASA International Space Apps Challenge">NASA International Space Apps Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronauts_Day" title="Astronauts Day">Astronauts Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Astronaut_Day" title="National Astronaut Day">National Astronaut Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon_NASA_F4" title="Nikon NASA F4">Nikon NASA F4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a 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aria-labelledby="←_1961Orbital_launches_in_19621963_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1962" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1962"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1962" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1962"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1962" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1962"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1961Orbital_launches_in_19621963_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1961_in_spaceflight" title="1961 in spaceflight">← 1961</a></div><a href="/wiki/1962_in_spaceflight" title="1962 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1962</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1963_in_spaceflight" title="1963 in spaceflight">1963 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Discoverer_37" title="Discoverer 37">Discoverer 37</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SOLRAD_4" title="SOLRAD 4">SOLRAD 4</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LOFTI_2" title="LOFTI 2">LOFTI 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SECOR" title="SECOR">SECOR</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Injun_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Injun 2">Injun 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surcal_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Surcal 1">Surcal 1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_3" title="Ranger 3">Ranger 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIROS-4" title="TIROS-4">TIROS-4</a></li> <li><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-2301&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-2301 (page does not exist)">FTV-2301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discoverer_38" class="mw-redirect" title="Discoverer 38">Discoverer 38</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSO-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSO-1 (page does not exist)">OSO-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Samos 6">Samos 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1" title="Kosmos 1">Kosmos 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2" title="Kosmos 2">Kosmos 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midas_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midas 5 (page does not exist)">Midas 5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westford_Drag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westford Drag (page does not exist)">Westford Drag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1142&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1142 (page does not exist)">FTV-1142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_4" title="Ranger 4">Ranger 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos 3">Kosmos 3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solrad_4B" class="mw-redirect" title="Solrad 4B">Solrad 4B</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_4" title="Kosmos 4">Kosmos 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_1" title="Ariel 1">Ariel 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-2401&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-2401 (page does not exist)">FTV-2401</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1125&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1125 (page does not exist)">FTV-1125</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANNA_1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ANNA 1A (page does not exist)">ANNA 1A</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTV-1126" title="FTV-1126">FTV-1126</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-3501&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-3501 (page does not exist)">FTV-3501</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_7" title="Mercury-Atlas 7">Mercury-Atlas 7</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Balloon_Subsatellite_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balloon Subsatellite 1 (page does not exist)">Balloon Subsatellite 1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-3501&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-3501 (page does not exist)">FTV-3501</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_5" title="Kosmos 5">Kosmos 5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1128&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1128 (page does not exist)">FTV-1128</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zenit-2_No.3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zenit-2 No.3 (page does not exist)">Zenit-2 No.3</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1127&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1127 (page does not exist)">FTV-1127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCAR_2" title="OSCAR 2">OSCAR 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-2402&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-2402 (page does not exist)">FTV-2402</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-2312&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-2312 (page does not exist)">FTV-2312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIROS-5" title="TIROS-5">TIROS-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1129&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1129 (page does not exist)">FTV-1129</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1151&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1151 (page does not exist)">FTV-1151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_6" title="Kosmos 6">Kosmos 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telstar_1" title="Telstar 1">Telstar 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-2403&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-2403 (page does not exist)">FTV-2403</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1130&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1130 (page does not exist)">FTV-1130</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mariner_1" title="Mariner 1">Mariner 1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1131&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1131 (page does not exist)">FTV-1131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_7" title="Kosmos 7">Kosmos 7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1152&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1152 (page does not exist)">FTV-1152</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-2404&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-2404 (page does not exist)">FTV-2404</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Vostok_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Vostok 3">Vostok 3</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Vostok_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Vostok 4">Vostok 4</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_8" title="Kosmos 8">Kosmos 8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-2502&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-2502 (page does not exist)">FTV-2502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_2MV-1_No.1" title="Venera 2MV-1 No.1">Venera 2MV-1 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_2" title="Mariner 2">Mariner 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1153&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1153 (page does not exist)">FTV-1153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_2MV-1_No.2" title="Venera 2MV-1 No.2">Venera 2MV-1 No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTV-1132" title="FTV-1132">FTV-1132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_2MV-2_No.1" title="Venera 2MV-2 No.1">Venera 2MV-2 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1133&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1133 (page does not exist)">FTV-1133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Research_Satellite_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Research Satellite 2">ERS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIROS-6" title="TIROS-6">TIROS-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_9" title="Kosmos 9">Kosmos 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alouette_1" title="Alouette 1">Alouette 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TAVE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TAVE (page does not exist)">TAVE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1154 (page does not exist)">FTV-1154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_14" title="Explorer 14">Explorer 14</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_8" title="Mercury-Atlas 8">Mercury-Atlas 8</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1134&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1134 (page does not exist)">FTV-1134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_10" title="Kosmos 10">Kosmos 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_5" title="Ranger 5">Ranger 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_11" title="Kosmos 11">Kosmos 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-4_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-4 No.1">Mars 2MV-4 No.1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1MS_No.2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1MS No.2 (page does not exist)">1MS No.2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STARAD" title="STARAD">STARAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_15" title="Explorer 15">Explorer 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANNA_1B" title="ANNA 1B">ANNA 1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1" title="Mars 1">Mars 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-3_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-3 No.1">Mars 2MV-3 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1136&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1136 (page does not exist)">FTV-1136</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-2405&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-2405 (page does not exist)">FTV-2405</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Research_Satellite_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Research Satellite 1">ERS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1135&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1135 (page does not exist)">FTV-1135</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1155&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1155 (page does not exist)">FTV-1155</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRL_PL120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NRL PL120 (page does not exist)">NRL PL120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injun_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Injun 3">Injun 3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRL_PL121&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NRL PL121 (page does not exist)">NRL PL121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surcal_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Surcal 2">Surcal 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calsphere_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calsphere 1 (page does not exist)">Calsphere 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relay_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Relay 1">Relay 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTV-1136&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTV-1136 (page does not exist)">FTV-1136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_16" title="Explorer 16">Explorer 16</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midas_6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midas 6 (page does not exist)">Midas 6</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Research_Satellite_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Research Satellite 3">ERS-3</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Research_Satellite_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Research Satellite 4">ERS-4</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transit_5A-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transit 5A-1 (page does not exist)">Transit 5A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_12" title="Kosmos 12">Kosmos 12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in <u>underline</u>. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in <i>italics</i>. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&oldid=1256282317">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas_6&oldid=1256282317</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_1962" title="Category:Spacecraft launched in 1962">Spacecraft launched in 1962</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_spaceflights" title="Category:Human spaceflights">Human spaceflights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Project_Mercury" title="Category:Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:John_Glenn" title="Category:John Glenn">John Glenn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Individual_spacecraft_in_the_Smithsonian_Institution" title="Category:Individual spacecraft in the Smithsonian Institution">Individual spacecraft in the Smithsonian Institution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_which_reentered_in_1962" title="Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1962">Spacecraft which reentered in 1962</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_by_Atlas_rockets" title="Category:Spacecraft launched by Atlas rockets">Spacecraft launched by Atlas rockets</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_November_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from November 2023">Use mdy dates from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons category link is locally defined">Commons category link is locally defined</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_NASA" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from NASA">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from NASA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 November 2024, at 03:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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