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maintenance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Care_and_maintenance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fungo_bat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fungo_bat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Fungo bat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fungo_bat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_weapon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_weapon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>As a weapon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_weapon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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bat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="عصا كرة القاعدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عصا كرة القاعدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A1-ki%C3%BB_p%C4%81ng" title="Iá-kiû pāng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iá-kiû pāng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_de_beisbol" title="Bat de beisbol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bat de beisbol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat" title="Bat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseballschl%C3%A4ger" title="Baseballschläger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baseballschläger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesapallikurikas" title="Pesapallikurikas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pesapallikurikas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бурбалка – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Бурбалка" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bate" title="Bate – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bate" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basbalbatilo" title="Basbalbatilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Basbalbatilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bate" title="Bate – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bate" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84" title="چوب بیسبال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چوب بیسبال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batte_de_baseball" title="Batte de baseball – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Batte de baseball" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honkbalkneppel" title="Honkbalkneppel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Honkbalkneppel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat-t%C3%A1" title="Pat-tá – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pat-tá" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EA%B5%AC_%EB%B0%A9%EB%A7%9D%EC%9D%B4" title="야구 방망이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야구 방망이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bejzbolska_palica" title="Bejzbolska palica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bejzbolska palica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemukul_bisbol" title="Pemukul bisbol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemukul bisbol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazza_da_baseball" title="Mazza da baseball – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mazza da baseball" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honkbalknuppel" title="Honkbalknuppel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Honkbalknuppel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%83%88_(%E9%87%8E%E7%90%83)" title="バット (野球) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バット (野球)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kij_baseballowy" title="Kij baseballowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kij baseballowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taco_de_beisebol" title="Taco de beisebol – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taco de beisebol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2t%C4%83_de_baseball" title="Bâtă de baseball – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bâtă de baseball" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Бита – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бита" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_bat" title="Baseball bat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Baseball bat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camiis_(baseball)" title="Camiis (baseball) – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Camiis (baseball)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Бејзбол палица – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бејзбол палица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseballmaila" title="Baseballmaila – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Baseballmaila" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slagtr%C3%A4" title="Slagträ – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slagträ" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyzbol_sopas%C4%B1" title="Beyzbol sopası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beyzbol sopası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Бита – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бита" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%92%E7%90%83%E6%A3%8D" title="棒球棍 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="棒球棍" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%83%E6%A3%92" title="球棒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="球棒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Baseball_bat" title="Special:EditPage/Baseball bat">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Baseball+bat%22">"Baseball bat"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Baseball+bat%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Baseball+bat%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Baseball+bat%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Baseball+bat%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Baseball+bat%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Club used for baseball, or softball</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourbats.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Fourbats.jpg/280px-Fourbats.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="451" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Fourbats.jpg/420px-Fourbats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Fourbats.jpg/560px-Fourbats.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1328" data-file-height="2141" /></a><figcaption>Four historically significant baseball bats showcased in the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame">National Baseball Hall of Fame</a>'s traveling exhibit "Baseball As America". From left to right: bat used by <a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a> to hit his 60th home run during the 1927 season, bat used by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Maris" title="Roger Maris">Roger Maris</a> to hit his 61st home run during the 1961 season, bat used by <a href="/wiki/Mark_McGwire" title="Mark McGwire">Mark McGwire</a> to hit his 70th home run during the 1998 season, and the bat used by <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Sosa" title="Sammy Sosa">Sammy Sosa</a> for his 66th home run during the same season.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>baseball bat</b> is a smooth wooden or metal <a href="/wiki/Club_(weapon)" title="Club (weapon)">club</a> used in the sport of <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> to hit the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_(ball)" title="Baseball (ball)">ball</a> after it is thrown by the <a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">pitcher</a>. By regulation it may be no more than 2.61 inches (6.6 cm) in diameter at the thickest part and no more than 42 inches (1.067 m) in length.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although historically bats approaching 3 pounds (1.4 kg) were swung,<sup id="cite_ref-Bleacher_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bleacher-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> today bats of 33 ounces (0.94 kg) are common, topping out at 34 to 36 ounces (0.96 to 1.02 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-Bleacher_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bleacher-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_bat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A baseball bat is divided into several regions. The "barrel" is the thick part of the bat, where it is meant to hit the ball. The part of the barrel best for hitting the ball, according to construction and swinging style, is often called the "<a href="/wiki/Sweet_spot_(sports)" title="Sweet spot (sports)">sweet spot</a>." The end of the barrel is called the "top," "end," or "cap" of the bat. Opposite the cap, the barrel narrows until it meets the "handle," which is comparatively thin, so that batters can comfortably grip the bat in their hands. Sometimes, especially on metal bats, the handle is wrapped with a rubber or tape "grip". Finally, below the handle is the "knob" of the bat, a wider piece that keeps the bat from slipping from a batter's hands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>"Lumber" is an often-used slang term for a bat, especially when wielded by a particularly able batter.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The "bat drop" of a bat is its weight, in ounces, minus its length, in inches. For example, a 30-ounce, 33-inch-long bat has a bat drop of minus 3 (30 − 33 = −3). Larger bat drops help to increase swing speed, due to less mass per unit length; smaller drops create more power, due to greater momentum to transfer to the ball.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_bat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bat's form has become more refined over time. In the mid-19th century, baseball batters were known to shape or <a href="/wiki/Whittling" title="Whittling">whittle</a> their own bats by hand, which resulted in a wide range of shapes, sizes, and weights. For example, there were flat bats, round bats, short bats, and fat bats. Earlier bats were known to be much heavier and larger than today's regulated ones. During the 19th century, many shapes were experimented with, as well as handle designs. Today, bats are much more uniform in design.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Innovations">Innovations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_bat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Innovations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banana_bat.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Banana_bat.gif/220px-Banana_bat.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Banana_bat.gif/330px-Banana_bat.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Banana_bat.gif 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>Patent No. 430,388 (June 17, 1890) awarded to Emile Kinst for an "improved ball-bat".</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>On June 17, 1890, Emile Kinst patented the ball-bat, or banana bat. The bat is shaped with a curve, hence the name banana bat. The creator of the bat, Kinst wrote: "The object of my invention is to provide a ball-bat which shall produce a rotary or spinning motion of the ball in its flight to a higher degree than is possible with any present known form of ball-bat, and thus to make it more difficult to catch the ball, or if caught, to hold it, and thus further to modify the conditions of the game".</li> <li>The mushroom bat, made in 1906 by <a href="/wiki/Spalding_(sports_equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spalding (sports equipment)">Spalding</a>. With baseball bats being larger in the 1900s the Spalding company designed a larger bat with a mushroom-shaped knob on the handle. This enabled the batter to get a better distribution of weight over the entire length of the bat.</li> <li>The Wright & Ditson Lajoie baseball bat. This bat had a normal size barrel but had two knobs on the handle. The lowest knob was at the bottom of the handle and the other knob was roughly two inches above the lowest knob. This was designed to have better spacing between the hands due to the knob being in the middle of the grip. This also gave batters an advantage when they choked up on the bat, because the second knob provided a better grip with in mushroom shaped handle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In 1990, Bruce Leinert came up with the idea of putting an <a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">axe</a> handle on a baseball bat. He filed a patent application for the 'Axe Bat' in 2007 and the bat started being used in the college and pro ranks over the following years. In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Marietta_College" title="Marietta College">Marietta College</a> Pioneers baseball team won the <a href="/wiki/2012_NCAA_Division_III_baseball_tournament#World_Series" title="2012 NCAA Division III baseball tournament">NCAA Division III World Series</a> using axe-handled bats.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> players have adopted the bat handle including <a href="/wiki/Mookie_Betts" title="Mookie Betts">Mookie Betts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Pedroia" title="Dustin Pedroia">Dustin Pedroia</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Springer" title="George Springer">George Springer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Suzuki" title="Kurt Suzuki">Kurt Suzuki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dansby_Swanson" title="Dansby Swanson">Dansby Swanson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materials_and_manufacture">Materials and manufacture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_bat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Materials and manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baseball bats are made of either hardwood or a metal alloy (typically aluminum). Most wooden bats are made from <a href="/wiki/Ash_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash tree">ash</a>; other woods include <a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">maple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">hickory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>. Hickory has fallen into disfavor over its greater weight, which slows down bat speed, while maple bats gained popularity<sup id="cite_ref-SciAm1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SciAm1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the introduction of the first major league sanctioned model in 1997. The first player to use one was <a href="/wiki/Joe_Carter" title="Joe Carter">Joe Carter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="Toronto Blue Jays">Toronto Blue Jays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Canadian_Sports_Magazine_2008,_p._8_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Sports_Magazine_2008,_p._8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Bonds" title="Barry Bonds">Barry Bonds</a> used maple bats the seasons he broke baseball's single-season home run record in 2001, and the career home run record in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Canadian_Sports_Magazine_2008,_p._8_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Sports_Magazine_2008,_p._8-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the increased tendency of maple bats to shatter caused Major League Baseball to examine their use, banning some models in minor league play.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manufacturers position each bat's label over the mechanically weaker side of the wood.<sup id="cite_ref-woodbat.org_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodbat.org-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To reduce chance of fracture,<sup id="cite_ref-woodbat.org_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodbat.org-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and maybe deliver more energy to the ball,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a bat is intended to be held so the label faces sky or ground when it strikes the ball during a horizontal swing.<sup id="cite_ref-woodbat.org_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodbat.org-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this orientation, the bat is considered stiffer and less likely to break.<sup id="cite_ref-mlb.mlb.com_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlb.mlb.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different types of wood will fracture differently.<sup id="cite_ref-hitting_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hitting-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For bats made of <a href="/wiki/Fraxinus" title="Fraxinus">ash</a>, labels will generally be where the grain spacing is widest. For <a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">maple</a> bats they will usually be positioned where grain is tightest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Maple bats in particular were once known (circa 2008) to potentially shatter in a way that resulted in many sharp edges, sometimes creating more dangerous projectiles when <span class="nowrap">breaking.<sup id="cite_ref-woodbat.org_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodbat.org-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> Maple bat manufacture evolved significantly, in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>, paying special attention to grain slope, and including an ink spot test to confirm safest wood grain orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-mlb.mlb.com_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlb.mlb.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on consistent anecdotal reports of sales at sporting goods stores, and because of the <a href="/wiki/Emerald_ash_borer" title="Emerald ash borer">Emerald ash borer</a> epidemic, maple appears to be displacing ash as most popular new baseball bat material in the United States. Next and rising in popularity is <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>, which has more isotropic fine grain, great strength, and less weight for a bat of any given size.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Within league standards there is ample latitude for individual variation, many batters settling on their own bat profile, or one used by a successful batter. Formerly, bats were hand-turned from a template with precise calibration points; today they are machine-turned to a fixed metal template. Historically significant templates may be kept in a bat manufacturers' vault; for example, <a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a>'s template, which became popular among major-league players, is <i>R43</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Hillerich_%26_Bradsby" title="Hillerich & Bradsby">Louisville Slugger</a> archives.<sup id="cite_ref-brchthnh_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brchthnh-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ruth favored a thinner handle than was the norm in the 1920s, and his success caused most to follow.<sup id="cite_ref-brchthnh_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brchthnh-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ruth used an unusually large bat, which he reduced in size incrementally during his career. In 1920 he was using a 40-inch, 54-ounce bat, made of ash, with a slender handle.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1928 he wrote, "A few seasons ago I used a 54 ounce bat, long and with the weight well at the end. Now I'm using a 46 ounce club--and each season when I have a new set of bats made, I have an addition ounce taken off."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the basic bat has been turned, it has the manufacturer's name, the serial number, and often the signature of the player endorsing it branded into it opposite the wood's best side. <a href="/wiki/Honus_Wagner" title="Honus Wagner">Honus Wagner</a> was the first player to endorse and sign a bat. Next, most bats are given a rounded head, but some 30%<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of players prefer a "cup-balanced" head, in which a cup-shaped recess is made in the head, introduced to the major leagues in the early 1970s by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cardenal" title="José Cardenal">José Cardenal</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-brchthnh_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brchthnh-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this lightens the bat and moves its center of gravity toward the handle. Finally, the bat is stained in one of several standard colors, including natural, red, black, and two-tone blue and white.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_threat_to_ash_wood">Environmental threat to ash wood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_bat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Environmental threat to ash wood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Emerald_ash_borer" title="Emerald ash borer">emerald ash borer</a>, an exotic beetle imported accidentally from Asia, has killed more than 50 million <a href="/wiki/Fraxinus_americana" title="Fraxinus americana">white ash</a> trees in the eastern United States and in 2017 threatened groves in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Mountains" title="Adirondack Mountains">Adirondack Mountains</a> that are used to make baseball <span class="nowrap">bats.<sup id="cite_ref-NPRBATS_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPRBATS-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulations">Regulations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_bat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the American <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">major leagues</a>, Rule 1.10(a) states:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>The bat shall be a smooth, round stick not more than 2.61 inches in diameter at the thickest part and not more than 42 inches in length. The bat shall be one piece of solid wood.</p></blockquote> <p>Bats are not allowed to be hollowed or <a href="/wiki/Corked_bat" title="Corked bat">corked</a>—that is, filled with an alien substance such as <a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">cork</a> which reduces the weight. This corking is thought to increase bat speed without greatly reducing hitting power, though this idea was challenged as unlikely on the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/MythBusters" title="MythBusters">MythBusters</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both wooden and metal alloy (generally aluminum) bats are generally permitted in amateur baseball. Metal alloy bats are generally regarded as being capable of hitting a ball faster and farther with the same power. However, increasing numbers of "wooden bat leagues" have emerged in recent years, reflecting a trend back to wood over safety concerns and, in the case of <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_summer_baseball" title="Collegiate summer baseball">collegiate summer baseball</a> wood-bat leagues, to better prepare players for the professional leagues that require wood bats. Metal alloy bats can send a ball towards an unprotected pitcher's head up to 60 ft 6 in (18.44 m) away at a velocity far too high for the pitcher to get out of the way in time. Some amateur baseball organizations enforce bat manufacturing and testing standards which attempt to limit maximum ball speed for wood and non-wood bats.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">high school baseball</a> in the United States: </p> <ul><li>The bat is not permitted to be more than <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inches (67 mm) in diameter in proximity to width and length.</li> <li>Its "drop" (inches of length minus ounces of weight) must be no more than 3: for example, a 34-inch (863.6‑mm) bat must weigh at least 31 ounces (880 g).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The bat may consist of any safe solid uniform material; the <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">National Federation of State High School Associations</a> rules state only "wood or non-wood" material.</li> <li>To be legally used in a game, an aluminum bat has to be a BBCOR (Batted Ball Coefficient of Restitution) bat because it has been determined that a pitcher loses the ability to protect himself when this ratio is exceeded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>In some 12-year-old-and-under youth leagues (such as <a href="/wiki/Little_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Little League">Little League</a> baseball), the bat may not be more than <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches (57 mm) in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in many other leagues (like <a href="/wiki/PONY_League_Baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="PONY League Baseball">PONY League Baseball</a>, and Cal Ripken League Baseball), the bat may not be more than <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches (70 mm) in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are limitations to how much and where a baseball player may apply <a href="/wiki/Pine_tar" title="Pine tar">pine tar</a> to a baseball bat. According to Rule 1.10(c) of the Major League Baseball Rulebook, it is not allowed more than 18 inches up from the bottom handle. An infamous example of the rule in execution is the <a href="/wiki/Pine_Tar_Incident" title="Pine Tar Incident">Pine Tar Incident</a> on July 24, 1983. Rules 1.10 and 6.06 were later changed to reflect the intent of Major League Baseball, as exemplified by the league president's ruling. Rule 1.10 now only requires that the bat be removed from the game if discovered after being used in a game; it no longer necessitates any change to the results of any play which may have taken place.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Rule 6.06 refers only to bats that are "altered or tampered with in such a way to improve the distance factor or cause an unusual reaction on the baseball. This includes, bats that are filled, flat-surfaced, nailed, hollowed, grooved or covered with a substance such as paraffin, wax, etc." It no longer makes any mention of an "illegally batted ball". In 2001, MLB approved the use of <a href="/wiki/Gorilla_Gold_Grip_Enhancer" title="Gorilla Gold Grip Enhancer">Gorilla Gold Grip Enhancer</a> in major and minor league games as an alternative to pine tar.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Care_and_maintenance">Care and maintenance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_bat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Care and maintenance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tony_Gwynn%27s_Bat-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tony_Gwynn%27s_Bat-2.JPG/220px-Tony_Gwynn%27s_Bat-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tony_Gwynn%27s_Bat-2.JPG/330px-Tony_Gwynn%27s_Bat-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tony_Gwynn%27s_Bat-2.JPG/440px-Tony_Gwynn%27s_Bat-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Tony_Gwynn" title="Tony Gwynn">Tony Gwynn</a> game-used and autographed baseball bat</figcaption></figure> <p>Players can be very particular about their bats. <a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">Ted Williams</a> cleaned his bats with alcohol every night and periodically took them to the post office to weigh them. "Bats pick up condensation and dirt lying around on the ground," he wrote, "They can gain an ounce or more in a surprisingly short time." <a href="/wiki/Ichiro_Suzuki" title="Ichiro Suzuki">Ichiro Suzuki</a> also took great care that his bats did not accumulate moisture and thus gain weight: he stored his bats in humidors, one in the club house and another, a portable one, for the road. <a href="/wiki/Rod_Carew" title="Rod Carew">Rod Carew</a> fought moisture by storing his bats in a box full of sawdust in the warmest part of his house. "The sawdust acts as a buffer between the bats and the environment," he explained, "absorbing any moisture before it can seep into the wood."<sup id="cite_ref-www.baseballexplained.com_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.baseballexplained.com-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many players "<a href="/wiki/Boning_(baseball)" title="Boning (baseball)">bone</a>" their bats, meaning that before games, they rub their bats repeatedly with a hard object, believing this closes the pores on the wood and hardens the bat. Animal bones are a popular boning material, but rolling pins, soda bottles and the edge of a porcelain sink have also been used. <a href="/wiki/Pete_Rose" title="Pete Rose">Pete Rose</a> had his own way of hardening his bats: he soaked them in a tub of motor oil in his basement then hung them up to dry.<sup id="cite_ref-www.baseballexplained.com_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.baseballexplained.com-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fungo_bat">Fungo bat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_bat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fungo bat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narahara_hiroshi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Narahara_hiroshi.jpg/220px-Narahara_hiroshi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Narahara_hiroshi.jpg/330px-Narahara_hiroshi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Narahara_hiroshi.jpg/440px-Narahara_hiroshi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2258" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Narahara" title="Hiroshi Narahara">Hiroshi Narahara</a> holding a fungo bat</figcaption></figure> <p>A fungo bat is a specially designed bat used by baseball and softball coaches for practice. The <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> of the word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fungo#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:fungo">fungo</a></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"> </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is uncertain, but the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> suggests it is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a> <i>fung</i>: "to pitch, toss, or fling".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fungo is longer and lighter than a regulation bat, with a smaller diameter. The bat is designed to hit balls tossed up in the air by the batter, not pitched balls.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typical fungo bats are 35 to 37 inches (89 to 94 cm) long and weigh 17 to 22 ounces (480 to 620 g). Coaches hit many balls during fielding practice, and the weight and length allow the coach to hit balls repeatedly with high accuracy. The small diameter also allows coaches to easily hit pop-ups to catchers and infielders along with ground balls due to better control of the barrel of the bat.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_a_weapon">As a weapon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_bat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: As a weapon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baseball bats are often used as weapons by civilians,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> criminals, protesters,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and mobsters.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Factors that made the baseball bat a popular weapon include: </p> <ul><li><b>Price:</b> Baseball bats are cheaper to buy and easier to maintain than firearms or bladed weapons.</li> <li><b>Legality:</b> Unlike firearms, bladed weapons, pepper spray, or stun guns, baseball bats are not considered a weapon by many jurisdictions due to being sporting equipment. However, some jurisdictions may ban carrying sporting equipment in public without good reason.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Ease of access:</b> Baseball bats are freely available in stores such as <a href="/wiki/Sporting_goods_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporting goods store">sporting goods stores</a>. They don't require a background check, license, or permit.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Ease of use:</b> Baseball bats (like many other <a href="/wiki/Club_(weapon)" title="Club (weapon)">bludgeon weapons</a>) only require the user to swing at the target in order for it to be effective.</li> <li><b>Diversity:</b> Baseball bats come in various sizes from T-ball bats to full size bats. They can cater to the user's strength, size, and available storage places.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_bat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_doughnut" title="Baseball doughnut">Baseball doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_baseball_bat" title="Composite baseball bat">Composite baseball bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_bat" title="Cricket bat">Cricket bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_baseball_bat_manufacturers" title="List of baseball bat manufacturers">List of baseball bat manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_bat" title="Pink bat">Pink bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball#Bat" title="Softball">Softball bat</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_bat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lacassebats.com/pages/mlb-bat-rules-and-reg">"MLB Bat rules and Reg"</a>. <i>LaCasse Bats</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LaCasse+Bats&rft.atitle=MLB+Bat+rules+and+Reg.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flacassebats.com%2Fpages%2Fmlb-bat-rules-and-reg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaseball+bat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bleacher-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bleacher_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bleacher_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenn_Zambri" class="citation web cs1">Jenn Zambri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bleacherreport.com/articles/589660-size-matters-top-10-biggest-in-mlb#/articles/589660-size-matters-top-10-biggest-in-mlb/page/2">"Size Matters: Top 10 "Biggest" In MLB History"</a>. <i>Bleacher Report</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired.com&rft.atitle=Baseball+bat+with+an+axe+handle+brings+more+power%2C+fewer+injuries&rft.date=2014-08-18&rft.aulast=Beckham&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2014%2F08%2Faxe-bat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaseball+bat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAuley2018" class="citation news cs1">McAuley, Grant (May 19, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://929thegame.radio.com/articles/axe-handle-bat-new-weapon-choice-braves-swanson">"Axe handle bat new weapon of choice for Braves' Swanson"</a>. <i>The Game 92.9</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Game+92.9&rft.atitle=Axe+handle+bat+new+weapon+of+choice+for+Braves%27+Swanson&rft.date=2018-05-19&rft.aulast=McAuley&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F929thegame.radio.com%2Farticles%2Faxe-handle-bat-new-weapon-choice-braves-swanson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaseball+bat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPassan2015" class="citation news cs1">Passan, Jeff (June 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sports.yahoo.com/news/why-dustin-pedroia-uses-the-axe-bat--which-may-make-the-round-handle-obsolete-013113798.html">"Why the Axe Bat, Dustin Pedroia may help make the round handle obsolete"</a>. <i>Yahoo Sports</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+Sports&rft.atitle=Why+the+Axe+Bat%2C+Dustin+Pedroia+may+help+make+the+round+handle+obsolete&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft.aulast=Passan&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsports.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fwhy-dustin-pedroia-uses-the-axe-bat--which-may-make-the-round-handle-obsolete-013113798.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaseball+bat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SciAm1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SciAm1_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson" class="citation web cs1">Patterson, Brittany. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/baseball-bats-threatened-by-invasive-beetle/">"Baseball Bats Threatened by Invasive Beetle"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woodbat.org/">the original</a> on 5 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=woodbat.org&rft.atitle=Wood+science+and+how+it+relates+to+wooden+baseball+bats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.woodbat.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaseball+bat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseball-fever.com/archive/index.php/t-24217.html">"Wood bats - on which "side" should the ball's impact be?"</a>. <i>baseball-fever.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20081209&content_id=3708319&vkey=hotstove2008&fext=.jsp">the original</a> on 30 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Republished 2011 Dover Publications, Mineola, NY. p. 29 in this book.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Babe Ruth's Own Book Of Baseball," George Herman Ruth, 1928, G.P. Putnam's Sons, NY. p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPRBATS-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NPRBATS_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann" class="citation news cs1">Mann, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2016/08/03/488432537/a-beetle-may-soon-strike-out-baseballs-famous-ash-bats">"A Beetle May Soon Strike Out Baseball's Famous Ash Bats"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i>. NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Severe+Trial+Counsel&rft.atitle=Can+a+baseball+bat+be+considered+a+weapon%3F&rft.date=2022-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.severolegal.com%2Fblog%2F2022%2F06%2Fcan-a-baseball-bat-be-considered-a-weapon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaseball+bat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLightbodyMacIver2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lightbody, C. J.; MacIver, C. (February 24, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658185">"The baseball bat: a modern day cudgel"</a>. <i>Emergency Medicine Journal</i>. <b>24</b> (2): 112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Femj.2006.042929">10.1136/emj.2006.042929</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658185">2658185</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17251617">17251617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emergency+Medicine+Journal&rft.atitle=The+baseball+bat%3A+a+modern+day+cudgel&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=112&rft.date=2007-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2658185%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17251617&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Femj.2006.042929&rft.aulast=Lightbody&rft.aufirst=C.+J.&rft.au=MacIver%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2658185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaseball+bat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_bat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baseball_bats" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Baseball bats">Baseball bats</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070920190241/http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/bats.html">Physics and Acoustics of Baseball and Softball Bats</a>—How baseball bats work, how bat performance is measured, differences between wood, metal, and composite bats</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woodturningonline.com/projects.php?catid=9">Woodturning Online</a>—Making a Baseball Bat</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92222323">"Maple, Ash Baseball Bats May Strike Out"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Talk_of_the_Nation" title="Talk of the Nation">Talk of the Nation</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>, July 4, 2008.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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softball">Comparison of baseball and softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">fastpitch softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_softball" title="16-inch softball">16-inch softball</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ballpark" title="Ballpark">Ballpark</a>/<a href="/wiki/Baseball_field" title="Baseball field">field</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backstop_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Backstop (baseball)">Backstop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_field" title="Baseball field">Baseball diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batter%27s_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Batter's box">Batter's box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batter%27s_eye" title="Batter's eye">Batter's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullpen" title="Bullpen">Bullpen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(baseball)" title="Dugout (baseball)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="Foul pole">Foul pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_ball" title="Foul ball">Foul territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield" title="Infield">Infield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-deck" title="On-deck">On-deck circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outfield" title="Outfield">Outfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warning_track" title="Warning track">Warning track</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baseball_clothing_and_equipment" title="Baseball clothing and equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_(ball)" title="Baseball (ball)">Ball</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_cage" title="Batting cage">Batting cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_glove" title="Batting glove">Batting glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_helmet" title="Batting helmet">Batting helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_doughnut" title="Baseball doughnut">Doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_glove" title="Baseball glove">Glove (defense)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitching_machine" title="Pitching machine">Pitching machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jockstrap#Protective_cup" title="Jockstrap">Protective cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_guard" title="Shin guard">Shin guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_stirrups" title="Baseball stirrups">Stirrups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_uniform" title="Baseball uniform">Uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_number_(Major_League_Baseball)" title="Uniform number (Major League Baseball)">Uniform number</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batting_order_(baseball)" title="Batting order (baseball)">Batting order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inning" title="Inning">Innings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extra_innings" title="Extra innings">extra innings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_(baseball)" title="Out (baseball)">Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_positions" title="Baseball positions">Positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run_(baseball)" title="Run (baseball)">Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_of_play" title="Pace of play">Pace of play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batting_(baseball)" title="Batting (baseball)">Batting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_bat" title="At bat">At bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_chop" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore chop">Baltimore chop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_flip" title="Bat flip">Bat flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batted_ball" title="Batted ball">Batted ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_(baseball)" title="Count (baseball)">Batting count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_out_of_turn" title="Batting out of turn">Batting out of order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunt_(baseball)" title="Bunt (baseball)">Bunt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_bunt" title="Sacrifice bunt">sacrifice bunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slap_bunt" title="Slap bunt">slap bunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(baseball)" title="Squeeze play (baseball)">squeeze play</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charging_the_mound" title="Charging the mound">Charging the mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checked_swing" title="Checked swing">Checked swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanup_hitter" title="Cleanup hitter">Cleanup hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_hitter" title="Designated hitter">Designated hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_(baseball)" title="Double (baseball)">Double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_switch_(baseball)" title="Double switch (baseball)">Double switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_ball" title="Foul ball">Foul ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_tip" title="Foul tip">Foul tip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_sombrero" title="Golden sombrero">Golden sombrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_rule_double" title="Ground rule double">Ground rule double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat-trick#Baseball" title="Hat-trick">Hat trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_(baseball)" title="Hit (baseball)">Hit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run_(baseball)" title="Hit and run (baseball)">Hit and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_by_pitch" title="Hit by pitch">Hit by pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitting_for_the_cycle" title="Hitting for the cycle">Hitting for the cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">Home run</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_slam_(baseball)" title="Grand slam (baseball)">Grand slam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside-the-park_home_run" title="Inside-the-park home run">Inside-the-park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk-off_home_run" title="Walk-off home run">Walk-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshot_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moonshot (baseball)">Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_home_run" title="Chinese home run">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_hit" title="Infield hit">Infield hit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadoff_hitter" title="Leadoff hitter">Leadoff hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefty-righty_switch" title="Lefty-righty switch">Lefty-righty switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Line drive">Line drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendoza_Line" title="Mendoza Line">Mendoza Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-deck" title="On-deck">On-deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_appearance" title="Plate appearance">Plate appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_system" title="Platoon system">Platoon system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull_hitter" title="Pull hitter">Pull hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_fly" title="Sacrifice fly">Sacrifice fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_(baseball)" title="Single (baseball)">Single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">Strikeout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_spot_(sports)" title="Sweet spot (sports)">Sweet spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_hitter" title="Switch hitter">Switch hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_(baseball)" title="Triple (baseball)">Triple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">Walk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(baseball)" title="Pitch (baseball)">Pitching</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(softball)" title="Pitch (softball)">(softball)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balk" title="Balk">Balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beanball" title="Beanball">Beanball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_ball" title="Breaking ball">Breaking ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brushback_pitch" title="Brushback pitch">Brushback pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changeup" title="Changeup">Changeup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_changeup" title="Vulcan changeup">Vulcan changeup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curveball" title="Curveball">Curveball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eephus_pitch" title="Eephus pitch">Eephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emery_ball" title="Emery ball">Emery ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastball" title="Fastball">Fastball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-seam_fastball" title="Two-seam fastball">two-seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-seam_fastball" title="Four-seam fastball">four-seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_fastball" title="Cut fastball">cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinker_(pitch)" title="Sinker (pitch)">sinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-finger_fastball" title="Split-finger fastball">split-finger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_count" class="mw-redirect" title="Full count">Full count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_pitchers_who_have_thrown_an_immaculate_inning" title="List of Major League Baseball pitchers who have thrown an immaculate inning">Immaculate inning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_pitching" title="Inside pitching">Inside pitching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_balk" title="Intentional balk">Intentional balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_base_on_balls" title="Intentional base on balls">Intentional walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckleball" title="Knuckleball">Knuckleball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddux_(statistic)" title="Maddux (statistic)">Maddux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-hitter" title="No-hitter">No-hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_game_(baseball)" title="Perfect game (baseball)">Perfect game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickoff" title="Pickoff">Pickoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_count" title="Pitch count">Pitch count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitching_position" title="Pitching position">Pitching position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitchout" title="Pitchout">Pitchout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Quick pitch">Quick pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball" title="Screwball">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutout_(baseball)" title="Shutout (baseball)">Shutout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slider_(pitch)" title="Slider (pitch)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitball" title="Spitball">Spitball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">Strikeout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_out_the_side" title="Striking out the side">Striking out the side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_pitcher" title="Switch pitcher">Switch pitcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_of_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Time of pitch">Time of pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_pitch" title="Wild pitch">Wild pitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Base_running" title="Base running">Base running</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balk" title="Balk">Balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bases_loaded" class="mw-redirect" title="Bases loaded">Bases loaded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caught_stealing" title="Caught stealing">Caught stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run_(baseball)" title="Hit and run (baseball)">Hit and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_off" title="Lead off">Lead off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_on_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Left on base">Left on base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstruction_(baseball)" title="Obstruction (baseball)">Obstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundown" title="Rundown">Rundown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_(baseball)" title="Safe (baseball)">Safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoring_position" title="Scoring position">Scoring position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_(baseball)" title="Slide (baseball)">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_ball_(baseball)" title="Small ball (baseball)">Small ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(baseball)" title="Squeeze play (baseball)">Squeeze play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_base" title="Stolen base">Stolen base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_up" title="Tag up">Tag up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_goes_to_the_runner" title="Tie goes to the runner">Tie goes to the runner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fielding<br /><a href="/wiki/Baseball_positioning" title="Baseball positioning">(positioning)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_play" title="Appeal play">Appeal play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assist_(baseball)" title="Assist (baseball)">Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_the_plate" title="Blocking the plate">Blocking the plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_(baseball)" title="Catch (baseball)">Catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caught_stealing" title="Caught stealing">Caught stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covering_a_base" title="Covering a base">Covering a base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_indifference" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensive indifference">Defensive indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_play" title="Double play">Double play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error_(baseball)" title="Error (baseball)">Error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fielder%27s_choice" title="Fielder's choice">Fielder's choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_infielder" title="Fifth infielder">Fifth infielder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_play" title="Force play">Force play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_out" title="Fourth out">Fourth out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_ball_trick" title="Hidden ball trick">Hidden ball trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-between_hop" title="In-between hop">In-between hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_fly_rule" title="Infield fly rule">Infield fly rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_shift" title="Infield shift">Infield shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(baseball)" title="Interference (baseball)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_play" title="Neighborhood play">Neighborhood play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_ball" title="Passed ball">Passed ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickoff" title="Pickoff">Pickoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putout" title="Putout">Putout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundown" title="Rundown">Rundown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_out" title="Tag out">Tag out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_play" title="Triple play">Triple play</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unassisted_triple_play" title="Unassisted triple play">unassisted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaught_third_strike" title="Uncaught third strike">Uncaught third strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_climb" title="Wall climb">Wall climb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_play" title="Wheel play">Wheel play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_card" title="Baseball card">Baseball card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_statistics" title="Baseball statistics">Baseball statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_jockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bench jockey">Bench jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench-clearing_brawl" title="Bench-clearing brawl">Bench-clearing brawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_ball#Baseball" title="Dead ball">Dead ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubleheader_(baseball)" title="Doubleheader (baseball)">Doubleheader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_terms" title="Glossary of baseball terms">Jargon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injured_list" title="Injured list">Injured list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_baseball_films" title="List of baseball films">List of baseball films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_(baseball)" title="Pepper (baseball)">Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_scorekeeping" title="Baseball scorekeeping">Scorekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_(baseball)" title="Series (baseball)">Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-inning_stretch" title="Seventh-inning stretch">Seventh-inning stretch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shagging_(baseball)" title="Shagging (baseball)">Shagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_stealing" title="Sign stealing">Sign stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slump_(sports)" title="Slump (sports)">Slump</a></li> <li>Streak <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Losing_streak#Baseball" title="Losing streak">losing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winning_streak#Baseball" title="Winning streak">winning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Variations of baseball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><span 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