CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Cécile de Ryckel - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="04S/1IHAg14TCO3JG4fQq/PmIDv+f1rXxpd+tP7VQbctHeAPe2MPuTwDDKn/kW92n57DUBkB4KiNK4qQDlGTcA==" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-77f7b87cb1583fc59aa8f94756ebfe913345937eb932042b4077563bebb5fb4b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-9e8218e1301001388038e3fc3427ed00d079a4760ff7745d1ec1b2d59103170a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-b2b823dd904da60a48fd1bfa1defd840610c2ff414d3f39ed3af46277ab8df3b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="author" content="cécile de ryckel" /> <meta name="description" content="Cécile de Ryckel: 3 Followers, 1 Following, 3 Research papers. Research interests: International Relations, International Law, and Comparative Law." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1bba2257721fc9a617e8a7d41e91ce5a46d8bfc4'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15252,"monthly_visitors":"120 million","monthly_visitor_count":120260779,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":120,"user_count":278634562,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1734013560000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1734013560000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-0fb6fc03c471832908791ad7ddba619b6165b3ccf7ae0f65cf933f34b0b660a7.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-2eebbf16f94e23df09908fc0eb355e7d088296bc7bbbbe96567743814345fdd9.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-086d9084944b0c8a793ea96ac398b4180db6177bb674e9655034fb25e834c8b4.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-7c63369d6bc1d9729936224080f1002d6f378f0ed8d4ed7c2ee00a7b16812651.js" defer="defer"></script><script>Aedu.rankings = { showPaperRankingsLink: false } $viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":6752812,"first_name":"Cécile","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"de Ryckel","page_name":"CéciledeRyckel","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2013-11-10T22:27:44.979-08:00","display_name":"Cécile de Ryckel","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png","has_photo":false,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law"},{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law"},{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law"},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel","location":"/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-d66c00db-1936-43b1-a941-9e6cf457dff0"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-d66c00db-1936-43b1-a941-9e6cf457dff0"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Cécile de Ryckel</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Cécile" data-follow-user-id="6752812" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="6752812"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">3</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;"><b>Address: </b>Belgium<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6752812" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel","location":"/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["International Relations"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-38e4ffb8-3c20-4fb5-ae71-19bf524130cd"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-38e4ffb8-3c20-4fb5-ae71-19bf524130cd"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6752812" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["International Law"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-449358b0-4313-499f-96a4-a55fa866a190"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-449358b0-4313-499f-96a4-a55fa866a190"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6752812" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Comparative Law"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-037208d0-9cbf-47ce-a42a-c29530aca683"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-037208d0-9cbf-47ce-a42a-c29530aca683"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6752812" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["European Law"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1ebf8fef-142e-4309-83f6-b34671991b7f"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1ebf8fef-142e-4309-83f6-b34671991b7f"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6752812" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["European Union"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-e409d7fb-d614-4078-b1d5-4959462e6378"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-e409d7fb-d614-4078-b1d5-4959462e6378"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Cécile de Ryckel</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110181994"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110181994/La_construction_de_lidentit%C3%A9_par_le_r%C3%A9cit"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of La construction de l'identité par le récit" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108078343/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110181994/La_construction_de_lidentit%C3%A9_par_le_r%C3%A9cit">La construction de l'identité par le récit</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Psychothérapies</span><span>, Dec 3, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine & Hygiène. Distribution électronique Cairn.inf...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine & Hygiène. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine & Hygiène. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse <a href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-psychotherapies-2010-4-page-229.htm" rel="nofollow">https://www.cairn.info/revue-psychotherapies-2010-4-page-229.htm</a> Découvrir le sommaire de ce numéro, suivre la revue par email, s'abonner... Flashez ce QR Code pour accéder à la page de ce numéro sur Cairn.info.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1e26efd650e8fab5240d6608f2ba8ea2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108078343,"asset_id":110181994,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108078343/download_file?st=MTczNDAxMzU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110181994"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110181994"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110181994; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110181994]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110181994]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110181994; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110181994']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110181994, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1e26efd650e8fab5240d6608f2ba8ea2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110181994]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110181994,"title":"La construction de l'identité par le récit","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Q60527099","grobid_abstract":"Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine \u0026 Hygiène. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine \u0026 Hygiène. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse https://www.cairn.info/revue-psychotherapies-2010-4-page-229.htm Découvrir le sommaire de ce numéro, suivre la revue par email, s'abonner... Flashez ce QR Code pour accéder à la page de ce numéro sur Cairn.info.","publication_date":{"day":3,"month":12,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Psychothérapies","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":108078343},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110181994/La_construction_de_lidentit%C3%A9_par_le_r%C3%A9cit","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-11-30T00:20:19.012-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6752812,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":41054831,"work_id":110181994,"tagging_user_id":6752812,"tagged_user_id":21654938,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"f***e@gmail.com","display_order":0,"name":"Frédéric Delvigne","title":"La construction de l'identité par le récit"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":108078343,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108078343/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"PSYS_104_0229.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108078343/download_file?st=MTczNDAxMzU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"La_construction_de_lidentite_par_le_reci.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108078343/PSYS_104_0229-libre.pdf?1701332505=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLa_construction_de_lidentite_par_le_reci.pdf\u0026Expires=1734017160\u0026Signature=f5BtrIsny-iBIbE0zBvgOdHxZgCU2myAcwI5MC1TqhO0PZwUaRuLbS86e5Qp6twwXPrxL6LfbklXwH2ZvuESrA6Zj4YsdRl4MQU1lD7SZpTucYhJC3~OAn089zKBYCtxJCwM8nqbmJOGThe2RDdHRfrC4M3YXzSBGnHiOSPMtQzwuHGZ1LXeEyvLS1eY-qkDL0UKByX02VmPlFJoCPNoliTsD6FPLqqiH3Smm-giOZSDbgNnSD571TSlzWtmtVWSpy7MbI5PsyexvcZN9ISB0kxlkwqRolPe-bRMVjI8217RpRR7xZwbrZxz-rrKCLLgIFuLfxfm77wEHO~IxA09SA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"La_construction_de_lidentité_par_le_récit","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"fr","content_type":"Work","summary":"Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine \u0026 Hygiène. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine \u0026 Hygiène. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse https://www.cairn.info/revue-psychotherapies-2010-4-page-229.htm Découvrir le sommaire de ce numéro, suivre la revue par email, s'abonner... Flashez ce QR Code pour accéder à la page de ce numéro sur Cairn.info.","owner":{"id":6752812,"first_name":"Cécile","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"de Ryckel","page_name":"CéciledeRyckel","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2013-11-10T22:27:44.979-08:00","display_name":"Cécile de Ryckel","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel"},"attachments":[{"id":108078343,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108078343/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"PSYS_104_0229.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108078343/download_file?st=MTczNDAxMzU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"La_construction_de_lidentite_par_le_reci.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108078343/PSYS_104_0229-libre.pdf?1701332505=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLa_construction_de_lidentite_par_le_reci.pdf\u0026Expires=1734017160\u0026Signature=f5BtrIsny-iBIbE0zBvgOdHxZgCU2myAcwI5MC1TqhO0PZwUaRuLbS86e5Qp6twwXPrxL6LfbklXwH2ZvuESrA6Zj4YsdRl4MQU1lD7SZpTucYhJC3~OAn089zKBYCtxJCwM8nqbmJOGThe2RDdHRfrC4M3YXzSBGnHiOSPMtQzwuHGZ1LXeEyvLS1eY-qkDL0UKByX02VmPlFJoCPNoliTsD6FPLqqiH3Smm-giOZSDbgNnSD571TSlzWtmtVWSpy7MbI5PsyexvcZN9ISB0kxlkwqRolPe-bRMVjI8217RpRR7xZwbrZxz-rrKCLLgIFuLfxfm77wEHO~IxA09SA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics"},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art"},{"id":2672,"name":"Personality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality"},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative"},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment"},{"id":16603,"name":"Personal Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_Identity"},{"id":18174,"name":"Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language"},{"id":63288,"name":"Narration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narration"},{"id":697628,"name":"Psychotherapies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapies"},{"id":4002193,"name":"Macho","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macho"}],"urls":[{"id":36147280,"url":"https://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=PSYS_104_0229\u0026download=1"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="66809237"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/66809237/Identity_Construction_through_Narrative"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Identity Construction through Narrative" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/66809237/Identity_Construction_through_Narrative">Identity Construction through Narrative</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Based on two extremes of human existence described by Paul Ricœur, this paper explores the purpos...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Based on two extremes of human existence described by Paul Ricœur, this paper explores the purpose of narrative in bringing together two identity dimensions: “idem,” permanently subjected to and “ipse,” permanently wished for in the construction of what Ricœur calls narrative identity. The subject is illustrated by excerpts from psychotherapy sessions with a “client.” The excerpts demonstrate the strength of the narrative to inflect “idem” on “ipse.” The narrative produces meaning. What appears to be the absurd of subjected to in the beginning becomes necessary for the understanding of life history. By telling his story, the person reclaims his choices and initiatives. It is also his whole life that is profiled whatever the event recounted. At the end of the paper, the author proposes the conditions for this transformation through narrative.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="66809237"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66809237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66809237; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66809237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66809237]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66809237; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='66809237']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66809237, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=66809237]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":66809237,"title":"Identity Construction through Narrative","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Based on two extremes of human existence described by Paul Ricœur, this paper explores the purpose of narrative in bringing together two identity dimensions: “idem,” permanently subjected to and “ipse,” permanently wished for in the construction of what Ricœur calls narrative identity. The subject is illustrated by excerpts from psychotherapy sessions with a “client.” The excerpts demonstrate the strength of the narrative to inflect “idem” on “ipse.” The narrative produces meaning. What appears to be the absurd of subjected to in the beginning becomes necessary for the understanding of life history. By telling his story, the person reclaims his choices and initiatives. It is also his whole life that is profiled whatever the event recounted. At the end of the paper, the author proposes the conditions for this transformation through narrative.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Based on two extremes of human existence described by Paul Ricœur, this paper explores the purpose of narrative in bringing together two identity dimensions: “idem,” permanently subjected to and “ipse,” permanently wished for in the construction of what Ricœur calls narrative identity. The subject is illustrated by excerpts from psychotherapy sessions with a “client.” The excerpts demonstrate the strength of the narrative to inflect “idem” on “ipse.” The narrative produces meaning. What appears to be the absurd of subjected to in the beginning becomes necessary for the understanding of life history. By telling his story, the person reclaims his choices and initiatives. It is also his whole life that is profiled whatever the event recounted. At the end of the paper, the author proposes the conditions for this transformation through narrative.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66809237/Identity_Construction_through_Narrative","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-01-01T11:44:16.226-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6752812,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Identity_Construction_through_Narrative","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Based on two extremes of human existence described by Paul Ricœur, this paper explores the purpose of narrative in bringing together two identity dimensions: “idem,” permanently subjected to and “ipse,” permanently wished for in the construction of what Ricœur calls narrative identity. The subject is illustrated by excerpts from psychotherapy sessions with a “client.” The excerpts demonstrate the strength of the narrative to inflect “idem” on “ipse.” The narrative produces meaning. What appears to be the absurd of subjected to in the beginning becomes necessary for the understanding of life history. By telling his story, the person reclaims his choices and initiatives. It is also his whole life that is profiled whatever the event recounted. At the end of the paper, the author proposes the conditions for this transformation through narrative.","owner":{"id":6752812,"first_name":"Cécile","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"de Ryckel","page_name":"CéciledeRyckel","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2013-11-10T22:27:44.979-08:00","display_name":"Cécile de Ryckel","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="54895628"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/54895628/La_construction_de_lidentit%C3%A9_par_le_r%C3%A9cit"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of La construction de l'identité par le récit" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/54895628/La_construction_de_lidentit%C3%A9_par_le_r%C3%A9cit">La construction de l'identité par le récit</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Psychothérapies</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="54895628"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="54895628"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54895628; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54895628]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54895628]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54895628; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='54895628']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54895628, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=54895628]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":54895628,"title":"La construction de l'identité par le récit","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"CAIRN","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Psychothérapies"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54895628/La_construction_de_lidentit%C3%A9_par_le_r%C3%A9cit","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-02T11:55:53.150-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6752812,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"La_construction_de_lidentité_par_le_récit","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"fr","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":6752812,"first_name":"Cécile","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"de Ryckel","page_name":"CéciledeRyckel","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2013-11-10T22:27:44.979-08:00","display_name":"Cécile de Ryckel","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics"},{"id":2672,"name":"Personality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality"},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative"},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment"},{"id":16603,"name":"Personal Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_Identity"},{"id":18174,"name":"Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language"},{"id":63288,"name":"Narration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narration"},{"id":697628,"name":"Psychotherapies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapies"},{"id":4002193,"name":"Macho","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macho"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="12170017" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110181994"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110181994/La_construction_de_lidentit%C3%A9_par_le_r%C3%A9cit"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of La construction de l'identité par le récit" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108078343/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110181994/La_construction_de_lidentit%C3%A9_par_le_r%C3%A9cit">La construction de l'identité par le récit</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Psychothérapies</span><span>, Dec 3, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine & Hygiène. Distribution électronique Cairn.inf...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine & Hygiène. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine & Hygiène. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse <a href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-psychotherapies-2010-4-page-229.htm" rel="nofollow">https://www.cairn.info/revue-psychotherapies-2010-4-page-229.htm</a> Découvrir le sommaire de ce numéro, suivre la revue par email, s'abonner... Flashez ce QR Code pour accéder à la page de ce numéro sur Cairn.info.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1e26efd650e8fab5240d6608f2ba8ea2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108078343,"asset_id":110181994,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108078343/download_file?st=MTczNDAxMzU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDAxMzU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110181994"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110181994"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110181994; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110181994]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110181994]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110181994; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110181994']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110181994, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1e26efd650e8fab5240d6608f2ba8ea2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110181994]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110181994,"title":"La construction de l'identité par le récit","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Q60527099","grobid_abstract":"Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine \u0026 Hygiène. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine \u0026 Hygiène. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse https://www.cairn.info/revue-psychotherapies-2010-4-page-229.htm Découvrir le sommaire de ce numéro, suivre la revue par email, s'abonner... Flashez ce QR Code pour accéder à la page de ce numéro sur Cairn.info.","publication_date":{"day":3,"month":12,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Psychothérapies","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":108078343},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110181994/La_construction_de_lidentit%C3%A9_par_le_r%C3%A9cit","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-11-30T00:20:19.012-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6752812,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":41054831,"work_id":110181994,"tagging_user_id":6752812,"tagged_user_id":21654938,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"f***e@gmail.com","display_order":0,"name":"Frédéric Delvigne","title":"La construction de l'identité par le récit"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":108078343,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108078343/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"PSYS_104_0229.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108078343/download_file?st=MTczNDAxMzU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDAxMzU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"La_construction_de_lidentite_par_le_reci.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108078343/PSYS_104_0229-libre.pdf?1701332505=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLa_construction_de_lidentite_par_le_reci.pdf\u0026Expires=1734017160\u0026Signature=f5BtrIsny-iBIbE0zBvgOdHxZgCU2myAcwI5MC1TqhO0PZwUaRuLbS86e5Qp6twwXPrxL6LfbklXwH2ZvuESrA6Zj4YsdRl4MQU1lD7SZpTucYhJC3~OAn089zKBYCtxJCwM8nqbmJOGThe2RDdHRfrC4M3YXzSBGnHiOSPMtQzwuHGZ1LXeEyvLS1eY-qkDL0UKByX02VmPlFJoCPNoliTsD6FPLqqiH3Smm-giOZSDbgNnSD571TSlzWtmtVWSpy7MbI5PsyexvcZN9ISB0kxlkwqRolPe-bRMVjI8217RpRR7xZwbrZxz-rrKCLLgIFuLfxfm77wEHO~IxA09SA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"La_construction_de_lidentité_par_le_récit","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"fr","content_type":"Work","summary":"Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine \u0026 Hygiène. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Médecine \u0026 Hygiène. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse https://www.cairn.info/revue-psychotherapies-2010-4-page-229.htm Découvrir le sommaire de ce numéro, suivre la revue par email, s'abonner... Flashez ce QR Code pour accéder à la page de ce numéro sur Cairn.info.","owner":{"id":6752812,"first_name":"Cécile","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"de Ryckel","page_name":"CéciledeRyckel","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2013-11-10T22:27:44.979-08:00","display_name":"Cécile de Ryckel","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel"},"attachments":[{"id":108078343,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108078343/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"PSYS_104_0229.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108078343/download_file?st=MTczNDAxMzU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczNDAxMzU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"La_construction_de_lidentite_par_le_reci.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108078343/PSYS_104_0229-libre.pdf?1701332505=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLa_construction_de_lidentite_par_le_reci.pdf\u0026Expires=1734017160\u0026Signature=f5BtrIsny-iBIbE0zBvgOdHxZgCU2myAcwI5MC1TqhO0PZwUaRuLbS86e5Qp6twwXPrxL6LfbklXwH2ZvuESrA6Zj4YsdRl4MQU1lD7SZpTucYhJC3~OAn089zKBYCtxJCwM8nqbmJOGThe2RDdHRfrC4M3YXzSBGnHiOSPMtQzwuHGZ1LXeEyvLS1eY-qkDL0UKByX02VmPlFJoCPNoliTsD6FPLqqiH3Smm-giOZSDbgNnSD571TSlzWtmtVWSpy7MbI5PsyexvcZN9ISB0kxlkwqRolPe-bRMVjI8217RpRR7xZwbrZxz-rrKCLLgIFuLfxfm77wEHO~IxA09SA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics"},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art"},{"id":2672,"name":"Personality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality"},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative"},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment"},{"id":16603,"name":"Personal Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_Identity"},{"id":18174,"name":"Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language"},{"id":63288,"name":"Narration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narration"},{"id":697628,"name":"Psychotherapies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapies"},{"id":4002193,"name":"Macho","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macho"}],"urls":[{"id":36147280,"url":"https://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=PSYS_104_0229\u0026download=1"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="66809237"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/66809237/Identity_Construction_through_Narrative"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Identity Construction through Narrative" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/66809237/Identity_Construction_through_Narrative">Identity Construction through Narrative</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Based on two extremes of human existence described by Paul Ricœur, this paper explores the purpos...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Based on two extremes of human existence described by Paul Ricœur, this paper explores the purpose of narrative in bringing together two identity dimensions: “idem,” permanently subjected to and “ipse,” permanently wished for in the construction of what Ricœur calls narrative identity. The subject is illustrated by excerpts from psychotherapy sessions with a “client.” The excerpts demonstrate the strength of the narrative to inflect “idem” on “ipse.” The narrative produces meaning. What appears to be the absurd of subjected to in the beginning becomes necessary for the understanding of life history. By telling his story, the person reclaims his choices and initiatives. It is also his whole life that is profiled whatever the event recounted. At the end of the paper, the author proposes the conditions for this transformation through narrative.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="66809237"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66809237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66809237; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66809237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66809237]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66809237; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='66809237']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66809237, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=66809237]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":66809237,"title":"Identity Construction through Narrative","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Based on two extremes of human existence described by Paul Ricœur, this paper explores the purpose of narrative in bringing together two identity dimensions: “idem,” permanently subjected to and “ipse,” permanently wished for in the construction of what Ricœur calls narrative identity. The subject is illustrated by excerpts from psychotherapy sessions with a “client.” The excerpts demonstrate the strength of the narrative to inflect “idem” on “ipse.” The narrative produces meaning. What appears to be the absurd of subjected to in the beginning becomes necessary for the understanding of life history. By telling his story, the person reclaims his choices and initiatives. It is also his whole life that is profiled whatever the event recounted. At the end of the paper, the author proposes the conditions for this transformation through narrative.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Based on two extremes of human existence described by Paul Ricœur, this paper explores the purpose of narrative in bringing together two identity dimensions: “idem,” permanently subjected to and “ipse,” permanently wished for in the construction of what Ricœur calls narrative identity. The subject is illustrated by excerpts from psychotherapy sessions with a “client.” The excerpts demonstrate the strength of the narrative to inflect “idem” on “ipse.” The narrative produces meaning. What appears to be the absurd of subjected to in the beginning becomes necessary for the understanding of life history. By telling his story, the person reclaims his choices and initiatives. It is also his whole life that is profiled whatever the event recounted. At the end of the paper, the author proposes the conditions for this transformation through narrative.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66809237/Identity_Construction_through_Narrative","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-01-01T11:44:16.226-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6752812,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Identity_Construction_through_Narrative","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Based on two extremes of human existence described by Paul Ricœur, this paper explores the purpose of narrative in bringing together two identity dimensions: “idem,” permanently subjected to and “ipse,” permanently wished for in the construction of what Ricœur calls narrative identity. The subject is illustrated by excerpts from psychotherapy sessions with a “client.” The excerpts demonstrate the strength of the narrative to inflect “idem” on “ipse.” The narrative produces meaning. What appears to be the absurd of subjected to in the beginning becomes necessary for the understanding of life history. By telling his story, the person reclaims his choices and initiatives. It is also his whole life that is profiled whatever the event recounted. At the end of the paper, the author proposes the conditions for this transformation through narrative.","owner":{"id":6752812,"first_name":"Cécile","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"de Ryckel","page_name":"CéciledeRyckel","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2013-11-10T22:27:44.979-08:00","display_name":"Cécile de Ryckel","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="54895628"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/54895628/La_construction_de_lidentit%C3%A9_par_le_r%C3%A9cit"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of La construction de l'identité par le récit" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/54895628/La_construction_de_lidentit%C3%A9_par_le_r%C3%A9cit">La construction de l'identité par le récit</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Psychothérapies</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="54895628"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="54895628"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54895628; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54895628]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54895628]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54895628; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='54895628']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54895628, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=54895628]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":54895628,"title":"La construction de l'identité par le récit","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"CAIRN","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Psychothérapies"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54895628/La_construction_de_lidentit%C3%A9_par_le_r%C3%A9cit","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-02T11:55:53.150-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6752812,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"La_construction_de_lidentité_par_le_récit","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"fr","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":6752812,"first_name":"Cécile","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"de Ryckel","page_name":"CéciledeRyckel","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2013-11-10T22:27:44.979-08:00","display_name":"Cécile de Ryckel","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics"},{"id":2672,"name":"Personality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality"},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative"},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment"},{"id":16603,"name":"Personal Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_Identity"},{"id":18174,"name":"Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language"},{"id":63288,"name":"Narration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narration"},{"id":697628,"name":"Psychotherapies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapies"},{"id":4002193,"name":"Macho","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macho"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 1 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "8abcbd5e6755778c351cacdf2c96d4f76e8ad96b9dd7cb22c2f1b80af27dbe80", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="f11oG+WmYi8/su5KPT/7uZ700tEQixw5EpLQwrL6mzWBxDfAHwXuyBC5DyrZKURk8owxuvf1pkZZLiTmQn5J8g==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://independent.academia.edu/C%C3%A9ciledeRyckel" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="S8RLFGXTb+jt0XWwVUmk/+hILVFtC0ZK6Eqbe5pwBby1XRTPn3DjD8LalNCxXxsihDDOOop1/DWj9m9favTXew==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>