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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contributions to economics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contributions_to_economics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contributions to economics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contributions_to_economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Copeland's_money_flow_model" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copeland's_money_flow_model"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Copeland's money flow model</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copeland's_money_flow_model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Morris Copeland</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Morris_A._Copeland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/47/Morris_A._Copeland.png/220px-Morris_A._Copeland.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/47/Morris_A._Copeland.png 1.5x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="344" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Morris Copeland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1895-08-06</span>)</span>6 August 1895<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Rochester, New York</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 May 1989<span style="display:none">(1989-05-04)</span> (aged 93)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Sarasota, Florida</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Field</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Political_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Political economics">Political economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> 1921–1930, 1949–1965<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">NBER</a> 1944–1959 <sup id="cite_ref-corn1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corn1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School or<br />tradition</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Thorstein Veblen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_W._Stewart_(economist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter W. Stewart (economist)">Walter W. Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Maurice_Clark" title="John Maurice Clark">John Maurice Clark</a><sup id="cite_ref-Daw1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daw1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contributions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flow_of_funds" title="Flow of funds">Flow of Funds analysis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Monetary_circuit_theory" title="Monetary circuit theory">Monetary circuit theory</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Social_accounting" title="Social accounting">Social accounting</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Stock-Flow_consistent_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock-Flow consistent model">Stock-Flow Consistency</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Morris Albert Copeland</b> (August 6, 1895 – May 4, 1989) was an American economist who criticized 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Macroeconomic theory">macroeconomic theory</a>, and who contributed to the development of modern <a href="/wiki/Flow_of_funds" title="Flow of funds">flow of funds</a> theory.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Copeland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born and raised in Rochester New York, Copeland began his university education at <a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst College">Amherst</a> with an interest in philosophy and Greek. Late in his undergraduate studies he encountered teachers <a href="/wiki/Walter_W._Stewart_(economist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter W. Stewart (economist)">Walter W. Stewart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walton_Hale_Hamilton" title="Walton Hale Hamilton">Walton Hamilton</a> and became fascinated with social accounting and economics.<sup id="cite_ref-ruth1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ruth1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After graduating in 1917 he went on to the University of Chicago for his graduate studies where he came under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley Mitchell</a>, a man who he came to regard as his mentor and good friend.<sup id="cite_ref-millar1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-millar1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bonis1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonis1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his doctoral thesis on <a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">institutional</a> <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_value_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theory of value (economics)">theory of value</a> supervised by <a href="/wiki/John_Maurice_Clark" title="John Maurice Clark">John Maurice Clark</a>, Copeland emerged as an "unreconstructed institutionalist".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After receiving his Ph.D. in 1921, Copeland began teaching economics at Cornell and became a full professor in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Copeland left a lasting impression on generations of students with a socratic teaching style that motivated students to come to their own conclusions. While his manner was described as "courtly", he subjected his students to intense challenge, both with their deductions and the empirical support for their propositions.<sup id="cite_ref-corn1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corn1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions_to_economics">Contributions to economics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Copeland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contributions to economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Copeland shared the institutionalist skepticism of "economic laws" that purport to be applicable outside of specific historical institutional contexts. He viewed orthodox theory more as expressions of doctrine rather than empirical observation. For example, he saw the quantity theory of money as a mathematical device convenient for neoclassical doctrine rather than as a hypothesis that emerged from solid empirical observation of economic data.<sup id="cite_ref-Daw1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daw1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than base economics on introspection and mental states that cannot be empirically verified, he wished to engage in what he viewed as a more science-based approach which necessarily proceeds first from observations about an economy's actual behavior. While organizing principles might be inferred from such observations, the institutionalist perspective was that they are in constant flux and subject to a broader social context.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason Copeland published not just in economic publications, but in journals of philosophy, political science, psychology, statistics and accounting.<sup id="cite_ref-corn1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corn1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copeland's_money_flow_model"><span id="Copeland.27s_money_flow_model"></span>Copeland's money flow model</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Copeland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Copeland's money flow model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Copeland is recognized for his pioneering work in the study of money flows. He recognized that the social accounting perspective which was used in the study of national income could be enlarged and applied to the study of money flows.<sup id="cite_ref-levy1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levy1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1949 he introduced his quadruple entry principle - a scheme enlarged on by <a href="/wiki/Hyman_Minsky" title="Hyman Minsky">Hyman Minsky</a> to emphasize the time-dated pattern of cash commitments to examine the microeconomic basis of financial system instability.<sup id="cite_ref-lavoie1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lavoie1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mehrling1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mehrling1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Copeland further developed and applied his perspective in his book "<i>A Study of Moneyflows in the United States</i>". According to Copeland, when you look at the economy from the micro perspective of money flows, it provides a powerful new way making phenomena visible that are simply abstracted away by the orthodox Keynesian and Monetarist models. Copeland's flow of funds set of accounts provides an alternative framework and analytical insights that is unavailable from either the Keynesian <a href="/wiki/National_Income_and_Product_Accounts" title="National Income and Product Accounts">NIPA</a> framework or the monetarist <a href="/wiki/Quantity_theory_of_money" title="Quantity theory of money">quantity theory of money</a> framework.<sup id="cite_ref-Mehrling2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mehrling2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Copeland is recognized as an early <a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">Post Keynesian</a>, presenting the view that 'the changes Keynes introduced represented modifications of neoclassicism, not its rejection'.<sup id="cite_ref-Godley1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Godley1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For his innovations in money flow theory, many colleagues believed that Copeland should have received the Nobel Prize.<sup id="cite_ref-millar1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-millar1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_service">Public service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Copeland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Public service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1933 Copeland took leave to become executive secretary of the Central Statistical Board created by executive order as part of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>'s response to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. For his statistical accomplishments in the early years of the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>, in 1936 he was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_American_Statistical_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the American Statistical Association">Fellow of the American Statistical Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rutherford_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutherford-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1944, Copeland joined Mitchell at the <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">National Bureau of Economic Research</a> in order to work on money flows research, which after 1947 was continued under the auspices of the Federal Reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Jacob Cohen who in 1972 performed a review of money flow analysis since 1947, "the breadth of Copeland's moneyflows has been substantially narrowed in the hands of the Federal Reserve and foreign account-makers."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of its integration into the <a href="/wiki/National_Income_and_Product_Accounts" title="National Income and Product Accounts">National Income and Product Accounts</a> system, John Dawson observes that Copeland's flow of funds analysis was compromised by removal of his money circuit calculations.<sup id="cite_ref-Daw1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daw1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Copeland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(1949) "Social Accounting for Moneyflows." <i>The Accounting Review</i> 24(3): 254–264.</li> <li>(1952) <i>A Study in Moneyflows in the United States</i>, <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">National Bureau of Economic Research</a>/ Arno Press <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://papers.nber.org/books/cope52-1">[1]</a></li> <li>(1958) <i>Fact and Theory in Economics: The Testimony of an Institutionalist</i>, University of Michigan/Cornell University Press</li> <li>(1961) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://papers.nber.org/books/cope61-1">Trends in Government Financing</a>." <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">National Bureau of Economic Research</a></li> <li>(1964) <i>Our Free Enterprise Economy</i>. Collier Macmillan <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0023247903" title="Special:BookSources/978-0023247903">978-0023247903</a></li> <li>(1966) <i>Toward Full Employment in our Free Enterprise Economy</i>. University of Michigan/Fordham University Press</li> <li>(1981) <i>Essays in Socioeconomic Evolution</i>. Vantage Press</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Copeland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_macroeconomic_thought" title="History of macroeconomic thought">History of macroeconomic thought</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Copeland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-corn1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-corn1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-corn1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-corn1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahnStallerDavis" class="citation cs2">Kahn, Fred; Staller, George; Davis, Tom, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/19191/Copeland_Morris_A_1989.pdf"><i>Morris A. Copeland: August 6, 1895 — May 4, 1989</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morris+A.+Copeland%3A+August+6%2C+1895+%E2%80%94+May+4%2C+1989&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft.aulast=Kahn&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.au=Staller%2C+George&rft.au=Davis%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecommons.cornell.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1813%2F19191%2FCopeland_Morris_A_1989.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daw1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daw1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daw1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daw1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson1996" class="citation cs2">Dawson, John C., ed. (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YUZv_8BvlLAC&pg=PA80"><i>Flow of Funds Analysis: A Handbook for Practitioners</i></a>, M.E. Sharpe, p. 80, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1563246456" title="Special:BookSources/978-1563246456"><bdi>978-1563246456</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flow+of+Funds+Analysis%3A+A+Handbook+for+Practitioners&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1563246456&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYUZv_8BvlLAC%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler1989" class="citation cs2">Fowler, Glenn (May 24, 1989), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/24/obituaries/morris-a-copeland-93-is-dead.html">"Morris A. Copeland, 93, Is Dead"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Morris+A.+Copeland%2C+93%2C+Is+Dead&rft.date=1989-05-24&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F05%2F24%2Fobituaries%2Fmorris-a-copeland-93-is-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1972" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, Jacob (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2720888">"Copeland's Moneyflows after Twenty-Five Years: A Survey"</a>. <i>Journal of Economic Literature</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 1–25. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0515">0022-0515</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Literature&rft.atitle=Copeland%27s+Moneyflows+after+Twenty-Five+Years%3A+A+Survey&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-25&rft.date=1972&rft.issn=0022-0515&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2720888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ruth1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ruth1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutherford2011" class="citation cs2">Rutherford, Malcolm (2011), <i>The institutionalist movement in American economics 1918–1947: Science and social control</i>, Cambridge University Press, p. 97</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+institutionalist+movement+in+American+economics+1918%E2%80%931947%3A+Science+and+social+control&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson1996" class="citation cs2">Dawson, John C. (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YUZv_8BvlLAC&pg=PA94">"Copeland as Social Accountant"</a>, <i>Flow of Funds Analysis: A Handbook for Practitioners</i>, M.E. Sharpe, p. 94, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1563246456" title="Special:BookSources/978-1563246456"><bdi>978-1563246456</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Copeland+as+Social+Accountant&rft.btitle=Flow+of+Funds+Analysis%3A+A+Handbook+for+Practitioners&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1563246456&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYUZv_8BvlLAC%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-millar1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-millar1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-millar1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillar1990" class="citation cs2">Millar, J.R. (1990), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161120091242/http://booksc.org/book/46427162">"In Memoriam: Morris A. Copeland, 1895-1989"</a>, <i>American Journal of Economics and Sociology</i>, <b>49</b> (1): 45–46, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://booksc.org/book/46427162">the original</a> on 2016-11-20<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Economics+and+Sociology&rft.atitle=In+Memoriam%3A+Morris+A.+Copeland%2C+1895-1989&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-46&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Millar&rft.aufirst=J.R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooksc.org%2Fbook%2F46427162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bonis1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bonis1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_BonisGigliobianco2012" class="citation cs2">De Bonis, Riccardo; Gigliobianco, Alfredo (5 May 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9783642231100-c1.pdf">"The Origins of Financial Accounts in the United States and Italy: Copeland, Baffi and the Institutions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, in De Bonis, Riccardo; Pozzolo, Alberto Franco (eds.), <i>The Financial Systems of Industrial Countries: Evidence from Financial Accounts</i>, Springer Science & Business Media, p. 18</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Financial+Accounts+in+the+United+States+and+Italy%3A+Copeland%2C+Baffi+and+the+Institutions&rft.btitle=The+Financial+Systems+of+Industrial+Countries%3A+Evidence+from+Financial+Accounts&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012-05-05&rft.aulast=De+Bonis&rft.aufirst=Riccardo&rft.au=Gigliobianco%2C+Alfredo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fcda%2Fcontent%2Fdocument%2Fcda_downloaddocument%2F9783642231100-c1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorfman1959" class="citation cs2">Dorfman, Joseph (1959), "XVII", <i>The Economic Mind in American Civilization</i>, vol. 5, New York: Viking, <q>As cited in Dawson (1996) p. 100</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=XVII&rft.btitle=The+Economic+Mind+in+American+Civilization&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Dorfman&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Bonis (2012) p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-levy1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-levy1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaverzasiGodin2013" class="citation cs2">Caverzasi, Eugenio; Godin, Antoine (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/wp_745.pdf">"Stock-flow Consistent Modeling through the Ages"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Levy Economics Institute Working Paper Collection</i>, <a href="/wiki/Levy_Economics_Institute" title="Levy Economics Institute">Levy Economics Institute</a>: 5, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1547-366X">1547-366X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Levy+Economics+Institute+Working+Paper+Collection&rft.atitle=Stock-flow+Consistent+Modeling+through+the+Ages&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=1547-366X&rft.aulast=Caverzasi&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rft.au=Godin%2C+Antoine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.levyinstitute.org%2Fpubs%2Fwp_745.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lavoie1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lavoie1_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavoie" class="citation cs2">Lavoie, Marc, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~robinson/Lavoie/Presentations/en/E27%2520The%2520stock-flow%2520consistent%2520approach.ppt"><i>The stock-flow consistent approach: background, features, and objectives</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+stock-flow+consistent+approach%3A+background%2C+features%2C+and+objectives&rft.aulast=Lavoie&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faix1.uottawa.ca%2F~robinson%2FLavoie%2FPresentations%2Fen%2FE27%252520The%252520stock-flow%252520consistent%252520approach.ppt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mehrling1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mehrling1_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehrling2015" class="citation cs2">Mehrling, Perry G. (30 September 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perrymehrling.com/2015/09/minskys-financial-instability-hypothesis-and-modern-economics/"><i>Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis and Modern Economics</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minsky%27s+Financial+Instability+Hypothesis+and+Modern+Economics&rft.date=2015-09-30&rft.aulast=Mehrling&rft.aufirst=Perry+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perrymehrling.com%2F2015%2F09%2Fminskys-financial-instability-hypothesis-and-modern-economics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mehrling2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mehrling2_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehrling" class="citation cs2">Mehrling, Perry G., "Lecture 4: The Money View, Micro and Macro", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perrymehrling.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Lec-04-The-Money-View-Micro-and-Macro.pdf"><i>Coursera course: Economics of Money and Banking</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Columbia University, p. 6</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lecture+4%3A+The+Money+View%2C+Micro+and+Macro&rft.btitle=Coursera+course%3A+Economics+of+Money+and+Banking&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft.aulast=Mehrling&rft.aufirst=Perry+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perrymehrling.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F05%2FLec-04-The-Money-View-Micro-and-Macro.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Godley1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Godley1_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGodleyLavoie2007" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Wynne_Godley" title="Wynne Godley">Godley, Wynne</a>; <a href="/wiki/Marc_Lavoie" title="Marc Lavoie">Lavoie, Marc</a> (2007), <i>Monetary Economics: An Integrated Approach to Credit, Money, Income, Production and Wealth</i>, Palgrave MacMillan, p. 22, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-50055-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-50055-6"><bdi>978-0-230-50055-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monetary+Economics%3A+An+Integrated+Approach+to+Credit%2C+Money%2C+Income%2C+Production+and+Wealth&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Palgrave+MacMillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-230-50055-6&rft.aulast=Godley&rft.aufirst=Wynne&rft.au=Lavoie%2C+Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm">View/Search Fellows of the ASA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616161612/https://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm">Archived</a> 2016-06-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 2016-11-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rutherford-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rutherford_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutherford2013" class="citation cs2">Rutherford, Malcolm (19 September 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XfX72hARkpsC&pg=PA108"><i>The Institutionalist Movement in American Economics, 1918–1947: Science and Social Control</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, p. 108, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1107626089" title="Special:BookSources/978-1107626089"><bdi>978-1107626089</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Institutionalist+Movement+in+American+Economics%2C+1918%E2%80%931947%3A+Science+and+Social+Control&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013-09-19&rft.isbn=978-1107626089&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXfX72hARkpsC%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rutherford (2013) p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1991" class="citation cs2">Taylor, Stephen P. (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YUZv_8BvlLAC&pg=PA105">"From Moneyflows Accounts to Flow of Funds Accounts"</a>, <i>Flow of Funds Analysis: A Handbook for Practitioners</i>, M.E. Sharpe, p. 105, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1563246456" title="Special:BookSources/978-1563246456"><bdi>978-1563246456</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Moneyflows+Accounts+to+Flow+of+Funds+Accounts&rft.btitle=Flow+of+Funds+Analysis%3A+A+Handbook+for+Practitioners&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1563246456&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Stephen+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYUZv_8BvlLAC%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorris+Copeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Copeland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://findingaids.library.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-rb/ldpd_4078649">Finding aid to the Morris Albert Copeland papers at Columbia University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.columbia.edu/libraries/rbml.html">Rare Book & Manuscript Library</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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Walker</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Franklin_Dunbar" title="Charles Franklin Dunbar">Charles F. Dunbar</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark" title="John Bates Clark">John B. Clark</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Carter_Adams" title="Henry Carter Adams">Henry C. Adams</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Twining_Hadley" title="Arthur Twining Hadley">Arthur T. Hadley</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Ely" title="Richard T. Ely">Richard T. Ely</a> (1900)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_R._A._Seligman" title="Edwin R. A. Seligman">Edwin R. A. Seligman</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._W._Taussig" title="F. W. Taussig">F. W. Taussig</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Jenks" title="Jeremiah Jenks">Jeremiah W. Jenks</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Patten" title="Simon Patten">Simon N. Patten</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Rich_Dewey" title="Davis Rich Dewey">Davis R. Dewey</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_J._James" title="Edmund J. James">Edmund J. James</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Walcott_Farnam" title="Henry Walcott Farnam">Henry W. Farnam</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fetter" title="Frank Fetter">Frank A. Fetter</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kinley" title="David Kinley">David Kinley</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Gray_(economist)" title="John H. Gray (economist)">John H. Gray</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_Willcox" title="Walter Francis Willcox">Walter F. Willcox</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nixon_Carver" title="Thomas Nixon Carver">Thomas N. Carver</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Commons" title="John R. Commons">John R. Commons</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Irving Fisher</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Gardner" title="Henry B. Gardner">Henry B. Gardner</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Davenport" title="Herbert J. Davenport">Herbert J. Davenport</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Hollander" title="Jacob Hollander">Jacob H. Hollander</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Rogers_Seager" title="Henry Rogers Seager">Henry R. Seager</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_C._Plehn" title="Carl C. Plehn">Carl C. Plehn</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley C. Mitchell</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyn_Abbott_Young" title="Allyn Abbott Young">Allyn A. Young</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_W._Kemmerer" title="Edwin W. Kemmerer">Edwin W. Kemmerer</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewall_Adams" title="Thomas Sewall Adams">Thomas S. Adams</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Taylor" title="Fred M. Taylor">Fred M. Taylor</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Francis_Gay" title="Edwin Francis Gay">Edwin F. Gay</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_B._Hammond" title="Matthew B. Hammond">Matthew B. Hammond</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Bogart" title="Ernest L. Bogart">Ernest L. Bogart</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Barnett" title="George E. Barnett">George E. Barnett</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Z._Ripley" title="William Z. Ripley">William Z. Ripley</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_A._Millis" title="Harry A. Millis">Harry A. Millis</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maurice_Clark" title="John Maurice Clark">John M. Clark</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Saunders_Johnson" title="Alvin Saunders Johnson">Alvin S. Johnson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_M._W._Sprague" title="Oliver M. W. Sprague">Oliver M. W. Sprague</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Hansen" title="Alvin Hansen">Alvin Hansen</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Viner" title="Jacob Viner">Jacob Viner</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Mills" title="Frederick C. Mills">Frederick C. Mills</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner_Slichter" title="Sumner Slichter">Sumner Slichter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Griswold_Nourse" title="Edwin Griswold Nourse">Edwin G. Nourse</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Wolfe" title="Albert B. Wolfe">Albert B. Wolfe</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_S._Davis" title="Joseph S. Davis">Joseph S. Davis</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Leo_Sharfman" title="Isaiah Leo Sharfman">I. Leo Sharfman</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Goldenweiser" title="Emanuel Goldenweiser">Emanuel A. Goldenweiser</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(Illinois_politician)" title="Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)">Paul Douglas</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_S._Ellis" title="Howard S. Ellis">Howard S. Ellis</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knight" title="Frank Knight">Frank Knight</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Williams_(economist)" title="John Henry Williams (economist)">John H. Williams</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Innis" title="Harold Innis">Harold A. Innis</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_B._Hoover" title="Calvin B. Hoover">Calvin B. Hoover</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Black" title="John D. Black">John D. Black</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_E._Witte" title="Edwin E. Witte">Edwin E. Witte</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_A._Copeland" class="mw-redirect" title="Morris A. Copeland">Morris A. Copeland</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Stocking_Sr." title="George W. Stocking Sr.">George W. Stocking</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_F._Burns" title="Arthur F. Burns">Arthur F. Burns</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore W. Schultz</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sagendorph_Mason" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Sagendorph Mason">Edward S. Mason</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Haberler" title="Gottfried Haberler">Gottfried Haberler</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_J._Spengler" title="Joseph J. Spengler">Joseph J. Spengler</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Machlup" title="Fritz Machlup">Fritz Machlup</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding" title="Kenneth E. Boulding">Kenneth E. Boulding</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fellner" title="William Fellner">William J. Fellner</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth J. Arrow</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Heller" title="Walter Heller">Walter W. Heller</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aaron_Gordon" title="Robert Aaron Gordon">R. Aaron Gordon</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence R. Klein</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Marschak" title="Jacob Marschak">Jacob Marschak</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling C. Koopmans</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Abramovitz" title="Moses Abramovitz">Moses Abramovitz</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baumol" title="William Baumol">William J. Baumol</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner_Ackley" title="Gardner Ackley">Gardner Ackley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis" title="W. Arthur Lewis">W. Arthur Lewis</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Schultze" title="Charles Schultze">Charles L. Schultze</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Kindleberger" title="Charles P. Kindleberger">Charles P. Kindleberger</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Rivlin" title="Alice Rivlin">Alice M. Rivlin</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary S. Becker</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Eisner" title="Robert Eisner">Robert Eisner</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Pechman" title="Joseph A. Pechman">Joseph A. Pechman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas C. Schelling</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Griliches" title="Zvi Griliches">Zvi Griliches</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Fuchs" title="Victor Fuchs">Victor R. Fuchs</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Osborn_Krueger" title="Anne Osborn Krueger">Anne O. Krueger</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Harberger" title="Arnold Harberger">Arnold C. Harberger</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Robert W. Fogel</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Gale_Johnson" title="D. Gale Johnson">D. Gale Johnson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_W._Jorgenson" title="Dale W. Jorgenson">Dale W. Jorgenson</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherwin_Rosen" title="Sherwin Rosen">Sherwin Rosen</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert Lucas Jr.</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter Diamond</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Feldstein" title="Martin Feldstein">Martin Feldstein</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel McFadden</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George Akerlof</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Dixit" title="Avinash Dixit">Avinash Dixit</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hall_(economist)" title="Robert Hall (economist)">Robert Hall</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orley_Ashenfelter" title="Orley Ashenfelter">Orley Ashenfelter</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth" title="Alvin E. Roth">Alvin E. Roth</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Blanchard" title="Olivier Blanchard">Olivier Blanchard</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Romer" title="Christina Romer">Christina Romer</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Athey" title="Susan Athey">Susan Athey</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Currie" title="Janet Currie">Janet Currie</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26769432#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26769432#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26769432#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114546715">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/107911608">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJf8rkxJx7xmxfH3mBxMT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/171906411">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50017998">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069486107">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007462907805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/092685013">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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