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id="toc-Early_life_and_family_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_family_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life and family background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_family_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Marriages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Academic career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influences_on_Veblen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences_on_Veblen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Influences on Veblen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences_on_Veblen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contributions_to_social_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contributions_to_social_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Contributions to social theory</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contributions_to_social_theory-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contributions to social theory subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contributions_to_social_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Institutional_economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutional_economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Institutional economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutional_economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pecuniary_emulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pecuniary_emulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pecuniary emulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pecuniary_emulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conspicuous_consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conspicuous_consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Conspicuous consumption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conspicuous_consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fabricating_consumers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fabricating_consumers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Fabricating consumers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fabricating_consumers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conspicuous_leisure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conspicuous_leisure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Conspicuous leisure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conspicuous_leisure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leisure_class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure_class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Leisure class</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leisure_class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assessment_of_the_rich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment_of_the_rich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Assessment of the rich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assessment_of_the_rich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theory_of_business_enterprise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theory_of_business_enterprise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Theory of business enterprise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theory_of_business_enterprise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trained_incapacity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trained_incapacity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Trained incapacity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trained_incapacity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veblen's_economics_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veblen's_economics_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Veblen's economics and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Veblen's_economics_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Veblen's economics and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Veblen's_economics_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Political theories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veblenian_dichotomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veblenian_dichotomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Veblenian dichotomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veblenian_dichotomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications_on_"The_Blond_Race"_and_"Aryan_Culture"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications_on_"The_Blond_Race"_and_"Aryan_Culture""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Publications on "The Blond Race" and "Aryan Culture"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications_on_"The_Blond_Race"_and_"Aryan_Culture"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Selected bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selected_bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Selected bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Selected_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Published_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Published books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ثورستين فيبلين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثورستين فيبلين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsteyn_Veblen" title="Torsteyn Veblen – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Torsteyn Veblen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Торстэйн Веблен – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Торстэйн Веблен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%92%CE%AD%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Θορστάιν Βέμπλεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θορστάιν Βέμπλεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86" title="تورستن وبلن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تورستن وبلن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%B8%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E5%B8%83%E7%84%B6" title="鐸斯頓·惠布然 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鐸斯頓·惠布然" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8_%EB%B2%A0%EB%B8%94%EB%9F%B0" title="소스타인 베블런 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소스타인 베블런" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B6_%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%A2%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Թորստեյն Վեբլեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թորստեյն Վեբլեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Bunde_Veblen" title="Thorstein Bunde Veblen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thorstein Bunde Veblen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%9F" title="תורסטן ובלן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תורסטן ובלן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="თორსტეინ ვებლენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თორსტეინ ვებლენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Торстейн Бунде Веблен – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Торстейн Бунде Веблен" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorsteinus_Veblen" title="Thorsteinus Veblen – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thorsteinus Veblen" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsteins_Veblens" title="Torsteins Veblens – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Torsteins Veblens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="თორსტეინ ვებლენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თორსტეინ ვებლენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ثورستين فيبلين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ثورستين فيبلين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3" title="ソースティン・ヴェブレン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソースティン・ヴェブレン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veblen_Torsteyn" title="Veblen Torsteyn – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Veblen Torsteyn" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86" title="تورستین وبلن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تورستین وبلن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Веблен, Торстейн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Веблен, Торстейн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsten_Veblen" title="Torsten Veblen – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Torsten Veblen" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Торстейн Веблен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Торстейн Веблен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thorstein Veblen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American economist and sociologist (1857–1929)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Thorstein Veblen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Veblen3a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Veblen3a.jpg/220px-Veblen3a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Veblen3a.jpg/330px-Veblen3a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Veblen3a.jpg/440px-Veblen3a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Thorstein Bunde Veblen</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1857-07-30</span>)</span>July 30, 1857<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Cato,_Wisconsin" title="Cato, Wisconsin">Cato, Wisconsin</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 3, 1929<span style="display:none">(1929-08-03)</span> (aged 72)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California" title="Menlo Park, California">Menlo Park, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Field</th><td class="infobox-data category">Economics, <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomics">socioeconomics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_School_for_Social_Research" title="The New School for Social Research">The New School for Social Research</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School or<br />tradition</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional economics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carleton_College" title="Carleton College">Carleton College</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Herbert Spencer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner">William Graham Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lester_Frank_Ward" title="Lester Frank Ward">Lester F. Ward</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Vacher_de_Lapouge" title="Georges Vacher de Lapouge">Georges Vacher de Lapouge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Edward Bellamy</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_von_Schmoller" title="Gustav von Schmoller">Gustav von Schmoller</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark" title="John Bates Clark">John Bates Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Henri de Saint-Simon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Charles Fourier</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contributions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">Conspicuous consumption</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_leisure" title="Conspicuous leisure">conspicuous leisure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trained_incapacity" class="mw-redirect" title="Trained incapacity">trained incapacity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veblenian_dichotomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Veblenian dichotomy">Veblenian dichotomy</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Capitalism" title="Category:Capitalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">Austerity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_cycle" title="Business cycle">Business cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Businessperson" title="Businessperson">Businessperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_accumulation" title="Capital accumulation">Capital accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_market" title="Capital market">Capital markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company" title="Company">Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_(economics)" title="Competition (economics)">Competitive markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_surplus" title="Economic surplus">Economic surplus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictitious_capital" title="Fictitious capital">Fictitious capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">Financial market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_price_system" title="Free price system">Free price system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services" title="Goods and services">Goods and services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">Investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_hand" title="Invisible hand">Invisible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_hand_(economics)" title="Visible hand (economics)">Visible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalization" title="Liberalization">Liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginalism" title="Marginalism">Marginalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profit_(economics)" title="Profit (economics)">Profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_seeking" class="mw-redirect" title="Rent seeking">Rent seeking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_and_demand" title="Supply and demand">Supply and demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplus_value" title="Surplus value">Surplus value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(economics)" title="Value (economics)">Value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">Wage labour</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Economic systems</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon capitalism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_capitalism" title="Corporate capitalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market#General_principles" title="Free market">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Laissez-faire capitalism">Laissez-faire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal capitalism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian capitalism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market capitalism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed capitalism">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_monopoly_capitalism" title="State monopoly capitalism">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="National capitalism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic capitalism">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw capitalism">Raw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulated_market" title="Regulated market">Regulated market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_capitalism" title="Regulatory capitalism">Regulatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine capitalism">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="State-sponsored capitalism">State-sponsored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Economic theories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_School_(economics)" title="American School (economics)">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartalism" title="Chartalism">Chartalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Monetary_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Monetary Theory">MMT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Keynesian_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Keynesian economics">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Keynesian_economics" title="New Keynesian economics">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">Post-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_monetarism" title="Market monetarism">Market monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxian_economics" title="Marxian economics">Marxist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_institutional_economics" title="New institutional economics">New institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism_and_Islam" title="Capitalism and Islam">Capitalism and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Revolution">Commercial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital" title="Primitive accumulation of capital">Primitive accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiocracy" title="Physiocracy">Physiocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_commodity_production" title="Simple commodity production">Simple commodity production</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_capitalism" title="Advanced capitalism">Advanced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_capitalism" title="Consumer capitalism">Consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_capitalism" title="Community capitalism">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_capitalism" title="Corporate capitalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crony_capitalism" title="Crony capitalism">Crony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_capitalism" title="Finance capitalism">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Global capitalism">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Illiberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_capitalism" title="Late capitalism">Late</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_mode_of_production_(Marxist_theory)" title="Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)">Marxist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_capitalism" title="Merchant capitalism">Merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_capitalism" title="Progressive capitalism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rentier_capitalism" title="Rentier capitalism">Rentier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_monopoly_capitalism" title="State monopoly capitalism">State monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocapitalism" title="Technocapitalism">Technological</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthus" title="Thomas Robert Malthus">Malthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Walras" title="Léon Walras">Walras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">von Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Schumpeter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Veblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Coase</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_propaganda" title="Capitalist propaganda">Capitalist propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_state" title="Capitalist state">Capitalist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_theory" title="Crisis theory">Crisis theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronyism" title="Cronyism">Cronyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_capitalism" title="Culture of capitalism">Culture of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreening" title="Evergreening">Evergreening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_labour" title="Exploitation of labour">Exploitation of labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_capitalism" title="History of capitalism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_capitalist_theory" title="History of capitalist theory">History of theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">Market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodizations_of_capitalism" title="Periodizations of capitalism">Periodizations of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Perspectives on capitalism">Perspectives on capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_philanthropy" title="Venture philanthropy">Venture philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_capitalism" title="Inclusive capitalism">Inclusive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal capitalism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian capitalism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Capitalism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatism" title="Privatism">Privatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalismlogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/16px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/24px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/32px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="912" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Capitalism" title="Portal:Capitalism">Capitalism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/16px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/24px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/32px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business" title="Portal:Business">Business portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Template:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Economics" title="Category:Economics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef;padding:0.2em;font-size:200%;"><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg/120px-Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg/180px-Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg/240px-Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_economic_thought" title="History of economic thought">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_economics" title="Outline of economics">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_economics_articles" title="Index of economics articles">Index</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Branches and <a href="/wiki/JEL_classification_codes" title="JEL classification codes">classifications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applied_economics" title="Applied economics">Applied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">Econometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterodox_economics" title="Heterodox economics">Heterodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_economics" title="International economics">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microeconomics" title="Microeconomics">Micro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">Macro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_economics" title="Mainstream economics">Mainstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_economics" title="Mathematical economics">Mathematical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_methodology" title="Economic methodology">Methodology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEL_classification_codes" title="JEL classification codes">JEL classification codes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts, theory and techniques</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">Economic systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">Economic growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_(economics)" title="Market (economics)">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_accounts" title="National accounts">National accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_economics" title="Experimental economics">Experimental economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_economics" title="Computational economics">Computational economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">Game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_research" title="Operations research">Operations research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_income_trap" title="Middle income trap">Middle income trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_complex" title="Industrial complex">Industrial complex</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">By application</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_economics" title="Agricultural economics">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_economics" title="Behavioral economics">Behavioral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_economics" title="Business economics">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_economics" title="Cultural economics">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_and_economic_growth" title="Democracy and economic growth">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_economics" title="Demographic economics">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_digitization" title="Economics of digitization">Digitization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_economics" title="Education economics">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_economics" title="Engineering economics">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_economics" title="Environmental economics">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_economics" title="Evolutionary economics">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_economics" title="Expeditionary economics">Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_economics" title="Feminist economics">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_economics" title="Financial economics">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_geography" title="Economic geography">Geographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happiness_economics" title="Happiness economics">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_economics" title="Health economics">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history" title="Economic history">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_economics" title="Humanistic economics">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_organization" title="Industrial organization">Industrial organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_economics" title="Information economics">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_economy" title="Knowledge economy">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_economics" title="Labour economics">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_economics" title="Law and economics">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_economics" title="Managerial economics">Managerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_economics" title="Monetary economics">Monetary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource_economics" title="Natural resource economics">Natural resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_economics" title="Organizational economics">Organizational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_participation" title="Economics of participation">Participation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personnel_economics" title="Personnel economics">Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy" title="Economic policy">Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_economics" title="Public economics">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_choice" title="Public choice">Public choice</a> / <a href="/wiki/Social_choice_theory" title="Social choice theory">Social choice theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_economics" title="Regional economics">Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_economics" title="Rural economics">Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_economy" title="Service economy">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socioeconomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomics">Socio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_sociology" title="Economic sociology">Sociological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_economy" title="Solidarity economy">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_statistics" title="Economic statistics">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_economics" title="Urban economics">Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_economics" title="Welfare economics">Welfare</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Notable <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_de_Mandeville" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard de Mandeville">de Mandeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnay" title="François Quesnay">Quesnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthus" title="Thomas Robert Malthus">Malthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_von_Th%C3%BCnen" title="Johann Heinrich von Thünen">von Thünen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_List" title="Friedrich List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Augustin_Cournot" title="Antoine Augustin Cournot">Cournot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Heinrich_Gossen" title="Hermann Heinrich Gossen">Gossen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Walras" title="Léon Walras">Walras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_Jevons" title="William Stanley Jevons">Jevons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Menger" title="Carl Menger">Menger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ysidro_Edgeworth" title="Francis Ysidro Edgeworth">Edgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark" title="John Bates Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_von_B%C3%B6hm-Bawerk" title="Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk">von Böhm-Bawerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Wieser" title="Friedrich von Wieser">von Wieser</a></li> <li>Veblen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cecil_Pigou" title="Arthur Cecil Pigou">Pigou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Heckscher" title="Eli Heckscher">Heckscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">von Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Schumpeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knight" title="Frank Knight">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Frisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_Sraffa" title="Piero Sraffa">Sraffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Myrdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Kalecki" title="Michał Kalecki">Kalecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Kuznets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Robinson" title="Joan Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">von Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_R._Lange" title="Oskar R. Lange">Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Leontief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Koopmans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Schumacher" title="E. F. Schumacher">Schumacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Samuelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baumol" title="William Baumol">Baumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Solow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Greenspan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Ostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Stiglitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Thaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Piketty" title="Thomas Piketty">Piketty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Economists" title="Category:Economists">more</a></i></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economics_lists" title="Category:Economics lists">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_economics" title="Glossary of economics">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economists" title="List of economists">Economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_important_publications_in_economics" title="List of important publications in economics">Publications</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_economics_journals" title="List of economics journals">journals</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_economic_thought" title="Schools of economic thought">Schools</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/16px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/24px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/32px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business" title="Portal:Business">Business portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/16px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/24px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/32px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="465" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Money" title="Portal:Money">Money portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economics_sidebar" title="Template:Economics sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economics_sidebar" title="Template talk:Economics sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economics_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economics sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thorstein Bunde Veblen</b> (July 30, 1857 – August 3, 1929) was an American <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociologist</a> who, during his lifetime, emerged as a well-known <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">critic of capitalism</a>. </p><p>In his best-known book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></i> (1899), Veblen coined the concepts of <i><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">conspicuous consumption</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_leisure" title="Conspicuous leisure">conspicuous leisure</a></i>. Veblen laid the foundation for the perspective of the <a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">institutional economics</a>. Contemporary economists still theorize Veblen's distinction between "institutions" and "technology", known as the Veblenian dichotomy. </p><p>As a leading intellectual of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a> in the US, Veblen attacked <a href="/wiki/Production_for_profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Production for profit">production for profit</a>. His emphasis on conspicuous consumption greatly influenced economists who engaged in non-<a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> critiques of <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Technological_determinism" title="Technological determinism">technological determinism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_family_background">Early life and family background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and family background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ThorsteinVeblenHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ThorsteinVeblenHouse.jpg/220px-ThorsteinVeblenHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ThorsteinVeblenHouse.jpg/330px-ThorsteinVeblenHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ThorsteinVeblenHouse.jpg/440px-ThorsteinVeblenHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3792" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen_Farmstead" title="Thorstein Veblen Farmstead">Thorstein Veblen Farmstead</a> in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Veblen was born on July 30, 1857, in <a href="/wiki/Cato,_Wisconsin" title="Cato, Wisconsin">Cato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian-American</a> immigrant parents, Thomas Veblen and Kari Bunde.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the sixth of twelve children.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His parents had emigrated from <a href="/wiki/Valdres" title="Valdres">Valdres</a>, Norway to <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, Wisconsin, on September 16, 1847, with few funds and no knowledge of English. They migrated to Milwaukee via <a href="/wiki/Drammen" title="Drammen">Drammen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trip took four and a half months.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite their limited circumstances as immigrants, Thomas Veblen's knowledge in carpentry and construction, paired with his wife's supportive perseverance, allowed them to establish a family farm in <a href="/wiki/Rice_County,_Minnesota" title="Rice County, Minnesota">Rice County, Minnesota</a>, where they moved in 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The <a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen_Farmstead" title="Thorstein Veblen Farmstead">Veblen farmstead</a>, located near the town of <a href="/wiki/Nerstrand,_Minnesota" title="Nerstrand, Minnesota">Nerstrand</a>, became a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1981.)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kari Bunde was not formally trained as a physician, but she frequently provided medical treatment to surrounding areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veblen began his schooling at age five. Although <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> was his first language, he learned English from neighbors and at school. His parents also learned to speak English fluently, though they continued to read predominantly Norwegian literature with and around their family on the farmstead. The family farm eventually grew more prosperous, allowing Veblen's parents to provide their children with formal education. Unlike most immigrant children of the time, Veblen and all of his siblings received training in lower schools and went on to receive higher education at nearby <a href="/wiki/Carleton_College" title="Carleton College">Carleton College</a>. Veblen's sister, Emily, was reputedly the first daughter of Norwegian immigrants to graduate from an American college.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eldest Veblen child, Andrew Veblen, ultimately became a professor of physics at <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State University</a> and the father of one of America's leading mathematicians, <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Veblen" title="Oswald Veblen">Oswald Veblen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDobriansky19576–9_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobriansky19576–9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several commentators saw Veblen's ethnic-Norwegian background and his relative "isolation from American society" in <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> as essential to the understanding of his writings. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> sociologist <a href="/wiki/David_Riesman" title="David Riesman">David Riesman</a> maintained that Veblen's background as a child of immigrants meant that Veblen was alienated from his parents' original culture, but that his "living in a Norwegian society within America" made him unable to "assimilate and accept the available forms of <a href="/wiki/Americanism_(ideology)" title="Americanism (ideology)">Americanism</a>" completely.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiesman1953206_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiesman1953206-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> historian <a href="/wiki/George_M._Fredrickson" title="George M. Fredrickson">George M. Fredrickson</a> (1959), the "Norwegian society" that Veblen lived in (Minnesota) was so "isolated" that when he left it "he was, in a sense, emigrating to America."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredrickson1959_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredrickson1959-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At age 17, in 1874, Veblen was sent to attend nearby Carleton College in <a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Minnesota" title="Northfield, Minnesota">Northfield, Minnesota</a>. Early in his schooling he demonstrated both the bitterness and the sense of humor that would characterize his later works.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitzer2011196–197_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitzer2011196–197-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veblen studied economics and philosophy under the guidance of the young <a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark" title="John Bates Clark">John Bates Clark</a> (1847–1938), who went on to become a leader in the new field of <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">neoclassical economics</a>. Clark influenced Veblen greatly, and as Clark initiated him into the formal study of economics, Veblen came to recognize the nature and limitations of hypothetical economics that would begin to shape his theories. Veblen later developed an interest in the social sciences, taking courses within the fields of philosophy, <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Classical_philology" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical philology">classical philology</a>. Within the realm of philosophy, the works of <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Herbert Spencer</a> (1820–1903) were of greatest interest to him, inspiring several preconceptions of socio-economics. In contrast, his studies in natural history and classical philology shaped his formal use of the disciplines of science and language respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitzer2011197_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitzer2011197-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Veblen graduated from Carleton in 1880, he traveled east to study philosophy at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>. While at Johns Hopkins he studied under <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce" title="Charles Sanders Peirce">Charles Sanders Peirce</a><sup id="cite_ref-grads_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grads-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1839–1914). When he failed to obtain a scholarship there he moved on to <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, where he found economic support for his studies, obtaining a Doctor of Philosophy in 1884, with a major in philosophy and a minor in social studies. His <a href="/wiki/Dissertation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissertation">dissertation</a> was titled "Ethical Grounds of a Doctrine of Retribution." At Yale, he studied under renowned academics such as philosopher <a href="/wiki/Noah_Porter" title="Noah Porter">Noah Porter</a> (1811–1892) and sociologist <a href="/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner">William Graham Sumner</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETilman199612_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETilman199612-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1840–1910). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriages">Marriages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marriages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two primary relationships that Veblen had were with his two wives. Despite a reputation to the contrary, there is little evidence that he had sexual liaisons with other women.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJorgensenJorgensen1999_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenJorgensen1999-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his time at Carleton College, Veblen met his first wife, Ellen Rolfe, the niece of the college president. They married in 1888. While some scholars have blamed alleged womanizing tendencies for the couple's numerous separations and eventual divorce in 1911, others have speculated that the relationship's demise was rooted in Ellen's inability to bear children. Following her death in 1926, it was revealed that she had asked for her autopsy to be sent to Veblen, her ex-husband. The autopsy showed that Ellen's reproductive organs had not developed normally, and she had been unable to bear children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDobriansky195712_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobriansky195712-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A book written by Veblen's stepdaughter asserted that "this explained her disinterest in a normal wifely relationship with Thorstein" and that he "treated her more like a sister, a loving sister, than a wife".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETilman199612–14_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETilman199612–14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veblen married Ann Bradley Bevans, a former student, in 1914 and became stepfather to her two daughters, Becky and Ann. For the most part, it appears that they had a happy marriage. Ann was described by her daughter as a <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">suffragette</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a>, and a staunch advocate of <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">unions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">workers' rights</a>. A year after he married Ann, they were expecting a child together, but the pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. Veblen never had any children of his own.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETilman199614–15_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETilman199614–15-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life">Later life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his wife Ann's premature death in 1920, Veblen became active in the care of his stepdaughters. Becky went with him when he moved to California, looked after him there, and was with him at his death in August 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETilman199614–15_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETilman199614–15-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to his death, Veblen had earned a comparatively high salary from the <a href="/wiki/The_New_School" title="The New School">New School</a>. Since he lived <a href="/wiki/Frugality" title="Frugality">frugally</a>, Veblen invested his money in California raisin vineyards and the stock market. However, after returning to northern California, Veblen lost the money he had invested and lived in a house on <a href="/wiki/Sand_Hill_Road" title="Sand Hill Road">Sand Hill Road</a> in <a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California" title="Menlo Park, California">Menlo Park</a> (that once belonged to his first wife). Earning $500 to $600 a year from royalties and a yearly sum of $500 sent by a former Chicago student,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitzer2011197_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitzer2011197-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he lived there until his death in 1929. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduation from Yale in 1884, Veblen was essentially unemployed for seven years. Despite having strong letters of recommendation, he was unable to obtain a university position. It is possible that his <a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">dissertation</a> research on "Ethical Grounds of a Doctrine of Retribution" (1884) was considered undesirable. However, this possibility can no longer be researched because Veblen's dissertation has been missing from Yale since 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apparently the only scholar who ever studied the dissertation was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Dorfman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Dorfman (page does not exist)">Joseph Dorfman</a>, for his 1934 book <i>Thorstein Veblen and His America</i>. Dorfman says only that the dissertation, advised by evolutionary sociologist <a href="/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner">William Graham Sumner</a>, studies such evolutionary thought as that of <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Herbert Spencer</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Kantian_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantian philosophy">moral philosophy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorfman1934_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorfman1934-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1884, Veblen wrote the first English-language study of Kant's third Critique, his ‘Kant's <i><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_Judgment" title="Critique of Judgment">Critique of Judgment</a></i>’ published in the July 1884 issue of the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Speculative_Philosophy" title="Journal of Speculative Philosophy">Journal of Speculative Philosophy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some historians have also speculated that this failure to obtain employment was partially due to prejudice against Norwegians, while others attribute this to the fact that most universities and administrators considered him insufficiently educated in Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitzer2011196_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitzer2011196-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most academics at the time held divinity degrees, which Veblen did not have. Also, it did not help that Veblen openly identified as an agnostic, which was highly uncommon for the time. As a result, Veblen returned to his family farm, a stay during which he had claimed to be recovering from malaria. He spent those years recovering and reading voraciously.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDobriansky19576_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobriansky19576-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is suspected that these difficulties in beginning his academic career later inspired portions of his book <i>The Higher Learning in America</i> (1918), in which he claimed that true academic values were sacrificed by universities in favor of their own self-interest and profitability.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbercrombieHillTurner2006409–410_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbercrombieHillTurner2006409–410-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1891, Veblen left the farm to return to graduate school to study economics at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> under the guidance of economics professor <a href="/wiki/James_Laurence_Laughlin" title="James Laurence Laughlin">James Laurence Laughlin</a>. With the help of Professor Laughlin, who was moving to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, Veblen became a fellow at that university in 1892. Throughout his stay, he did much of the editorial work associated with the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Political_Economy" title="Journal of Political Economy">Journal of Political Economy</a></i>, one of the many academic journals created during this time at the University of Chicago. Veblen used the journal as an outlet for his writings. His writings also began to appear in other journals, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Sociology" title="American Journal of Sociology">American Journal of Sociology</a></i>, another journal at the university. While he was mostly a marginal figure at the University of Chicago, Veblen taught several classes there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETilman199612_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETilman199612-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1899, Veblen published his first and best-known book, titled <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></i>. This did not immediately improve Veblen's position at the University of Chicago. He requested a raise after the completion of his first book, but this was denied.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitzer2011196_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitzer2011196-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veblen's students at Chicago considered his teaching "dreadful".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitzer2011196–197_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitzer2011196–197-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stanford students considered his teaching style "boring", but this was more excused than some of Veblen's personal affairs. He offended Victorian sentiments with extramarital affairs while at the University of Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitzer2011196–197_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitzer2011196–197-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Stanford in 1909, Veblen was ridiculed again for being a womanizer and an unfaithful husband. As a result, he was forced to resign from his position, which made it very difficult for him to find another academic position.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETilman199627_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETilman199627-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One story claims that he was fired from Stanford after <a href="/wiki/Jane_Stanford" title="Jane Stanford">Jane Stanford</a> sent him a telegram from <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, having disapproved of Veblen's support of Chinese workers in California.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESica2005311_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESica2005311-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The fact that Jane Stanford was already dead by 1905, while Veblen appointed in 1906,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> casts doubt on this story.) </p><p>With the help of <a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Davenport" title="Herbert J. Davenport">Herbert J. Davenport</a>, a friend who was the head of the economics department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a>, Veblen accepted a position there in 1911. Veblen, however, did not enjoy his stay at Missouri. This was in part due to his position as a lecturer being of lower rank than his previous positions and for lower pay. Veblen also strongly disliked <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia, Missouri</a>, the town where the university was located.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiggins19784_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiggins19784-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he may not have enjoyed his stay at Missouri, in 1914 he did publish another of his best-known books, <i>The Instincts of Worksmanship and the State of the Industrial Arts</i> (1914). After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> began, Veblen published <i>Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution</i> (1915). He considered warfare a threat to economic productivity and contrasted the authoritarian politics of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> with the democratic tradition of <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a>, noting that industrialization in Germany had not produced a progressive political culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbercrombieHillTurner2006410_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbercrombieHillTurner2006410-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1917, Veblen moved to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> to work with a group that had been commissioned by <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> to analyze possible peace settlements for World War I, culminating in his book <i>An Inquiry into the Nature of Peace and the Terms of Its Perpetuation</i> (1917).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbercrombieHillTurner2006410_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbercrombieHillTurner2006410-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marked a series of distinct changes in his career path.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDobriansky195724_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobriansky195724-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following that, Veblen worked for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Food_Administration" title="United States Food Administration">United States Food Administration</a> for a period of time. Shortly thereafter, Veblen moved to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> to work as an editor for a magazine, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dial" title="The Dial">The Dial</a></i>. Within the next year, the magazine shifted its orientation and he lost his editorial position.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitzer2011197_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitzer2011197-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the meantime, Veblen had made contacts with several other academics, such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Beard" title="Charles A. Beard">Charles A. Beard</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Harvey_Robinson" title="James Harvey Robinson">James Harvey Robinson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a>. The group of university professors and intellectuals eventually founded <a href="/wiki/The_New_School_for_Social_Research" title="The New School for Social Research">The New School for Social Research</a>. Known today as <a href="/wiki/The_New_School" title="The New School">The New School</a>, in 1919 it emerged from <a href="/wiki/American_modernism" title="American modernism">American modernism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressivism</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_education" title="Democratic education">democratic education</a> movement. The group was open to students and aimed for a "an unbiased understanding of the existing order, its genesis, growth, and present working".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1919 to 1926, Veblen continued to write and maintain a role in The New School's development. During this time, he wrote <i><a href="/wiki/The_Engineers_and_the_Price_System" title="The Engineers and the Price System">The Engineers and the Price System</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitzer201114_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitzer201114-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In it, Veblen proposed a soviet of engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETilman1992_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETilman1992-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Yngve Ramstad,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamstad1994_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamstad1994-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the view that engineers, not workers, would overthrow capitalism was a "novel view". Veblen invited <a href="/wiki/Guido_Marx" title="Guido Marx">Guido Marx</a> to the New School to teach and to help organize a movement of engineers with others such as Morris Cooke; <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gantt" title="Henry Gantt">Henry Gantt</a>, who had died shortly before; and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Scott_(engineer)" title="Howard Scott (engineer)">Howard Scott</a>. Cooke and Gantt were followers of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor" title="Frederick Winslow Taylor">Frederick Winslow Taylor</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Scientific_management" title="Scientific management">scientific management</a> theory. Scott, who listed Veblen as being on the temporary organizing committee of the <a href="/wiki/Technical_Alliance" title="Technical Alliance">Technical Alliance</a>, perhaps without consulting Veblen or other listed members, later helped found the <a href="/wiki/Technocracy_movement" title="Technocracy movement">technocracy movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell1980_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell1980-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences_on_Veblen">Influences on Veblen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Influences on Veblen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>American <a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">pragmatism</a> distrusted the notion of the absolute, and instead recognized the notion of <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a>. Rather than God's divine intervention taking control of the happenings of the universe, pragmatism believed that people, using their free will, shape the institutions of society. Veblen also recognized this as an element of causes and effects, upon which he based many of his theories. This pragmatist belief was pertinent to the shaping of Veblen's critique of natural law and the establishment of his <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_economics" title="Evolutionary economics">evolutionary economics</a>, which recognized the purpose of man throughout.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuggar1979432_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuggar1979432-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The skepticism of the <a href="/wiki/German_Historical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="German Historical School">German Historical School</a> regarding <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a> economics was also adopted by Veblen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuggar1979426_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuggar1979426-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1896 to 1926, he spent summers at his study cabin on <a href="/wiki/Washington_Island_(Wisconsin)" title="Washington Island (Wisconsin)">Washington Island</a> in Wisconsin.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the island he learned <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>, which allowed him to write articles accepted by an Icelandic newspaper<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and translate the <i><a href="/wiki/Laxd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Laxdæla saga">Laxdæla saga</a></i> into English.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions_to_social_theory">Contributions to social theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Contributions to social theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veblen_-_Theory_of_the_leisure_class,_1924_-_5854536.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Veblen_-_Theory_of_the_leisure_class%2C_1924_-_5854536.tif/lossless-page1-220px-Veblen_-_Theory_of_the_leisure_class%2C_1924_-_5854536.tif.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="362" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Veblen_-_Theory_of_the_leisure_class%2C_1924_-_5854536.tif/lossless-page1-330px-Veblen_-_Theory_of_the_leisure_class%2C_1924_-_5854536.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Veblen_-_Theory_of_the_leisure_class%2C_1924_-_5854536.tif/lossless-page1-440px-Veblen_-_Theory_of_the_leisure_class%2C_1924_-_5854536.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="1849" data-file-height="3042" /></a><figcaption><i>The Theory of the Leisure Class</i>, 1924</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutional_economics">Institutional economics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Institutional economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thorstein Veblen laid the foundation for the perspective of <a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">institutional economics</a> with his criticism of traditional static economic theory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodgson2004125–194_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodgson2004125–194-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As much as Veblen was an economist, he was also a sociologist who rejected his contemporaries who looked at the economy as an autonomous, stable, and static entity. Veblen disagreed with his peers, as he strongly believed that the economy was significantly embedded in social institutions. Rather than separating economics from the social sciences, Veblen viewed the relationships between the economy and social and cultural phenomena. Generally speaking, the study of institutional economics viewed economic institutions as the broader process of cultural development. While economic institutionalism never transformed into a major school of economic thought, it allowed economists to explore economic problems from a perspective that incorporated social and cultural phenomena. It also allowed economists to view the economy as an evolving entity of <a href="/wiki/Bounded_rationality" title="Bounded rationality">bounded rationale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiggins1978_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiggins1978-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pecuniary_emulation">Pecuniary emulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pecuniary emulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pecuniary emulation refers to the tendency of individuals to compete through the display of wealth and status symbols, rather than through productive or useful activities. Colloquially known as <a href="/wiki/Keeping_up_with_the_Joneses" title="Keeping up with the Joneses">Keeping Up with the Joneses</a>, this can take the form of luxury goods and services or the adoption of a luxury lifestyle. In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></i>, Veblen argues how emulation is at the basis of ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeblen189925_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeblen189925-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He says that individuals wish to emulate others, especially if they are of a higher social or pecuniary standing, so they initially begin acquiring the luxury goods that others have acquired. Eventually, the act of conspicuous consumption becomes the symbol of status, rather than the individual. This pecuniary emulation drives consumers to spend more on displays of wealth and status symbols, as opposed to more useful commodities. This cycle of constant emulation promotes materialism, demotes other forms of fulfillment, and negatively impacts the consumer's decision-making process within the market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conspicuous_consumption">Conspicuous consumption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Conspicuous consumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">Conspicuous consumption</a></div> <p>In his most famous work, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></i>, Veblen writes critically of the <a href="/wiki/Leisure_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Leisure class">leisure class</a> for its role in fostering wasteful <a href="/wiki/Consumption_(economics)" title="Consumption (economics)">consumption</a>, or conspicuous waste.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodgson2004125–194_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodgson2004125–194-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this first work Veblen coined the term <i><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">conspicuous consumption</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which he defined as spending more money on goods than they are worth. </p><p>The term originated during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">Second Industrial Revolution</a> when a <i><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche">nouveau riche</a></i> social class emerged as a result of the accumulation of capital wealth. He explains that members of the leisure class, often associated with business, are those who also engage in conspicuous consumption to impress the rest of society through the manifestation of their social power and prestige, be it real or perceived. In other words, social status, Veblen explained, becomes earned and displayed by patterns of consumption rather than what the individual makes financially.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowd196632_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDowd196632-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, people in other social classes are influenced by this behavior and, as Veblen argued, strive to emulate the leisure class. What results from this behavior, is a society characterized by the waste of time and money. Unlike other sociological works of the time, <i>The Theory of the Leisure Class</i> focused on consumption, rather than production.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitzer2011196–198_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitzer2011196–198-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fabricating_consumers">Fabricating consumers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fabricating consumers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Requiem_for_the_American_Dream_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Requiem for the American Dream (film)">Requiem for the American Dream</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> quoted Veblen's coinage of the phrase "Fabricating consumers", and its role in controlling the attitudes of people: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>One of the best ways to control people in terms of attitudes is what the great political economist Thorstein Veblen called "fabricating consumers." If you can fabricate wants... make obtaining things that are just about within your reach the essence of life, they're going to be trapped into becoming consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conspicuous_leisure">Conspicuous leisure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Conspicuous leisure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_leisure" title="Conspicuous leisure">Conspicuous leisure</a></div> <p><i>Conspicuous leisure</i>, or the non-productive use of time for the sake of displaying <a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">social status</a>, is used by Veblen as the primary indicator of the <a href="/wiki/Leisure_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Leisure class">leisure class</a>. To engage in conspicuous leisure is to openly display one's wealth and status, as productive work signified the absence of pecuniary strength and was seen as a mark of weakness. As the leisure class increased their exemption from productive work, that very exemption became honorific and actual participation in productive work became a sign of inferiority. Conspicuous leisure worked very well to designate social status in rural areas, but urbanization made it so that conspicuous leisure was no longer a sufficient means to display <a href="/wiki/Pecuniary_emulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pecuniary emulation">pecuniary</a> strength. Urban life requires more obvious displays of status, wealth, and power, which is where conspicuous consumption becomes prominent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParkerSim1997368–369_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParkerSim1997368–369-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leisure_class">Leisure class</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Leisure class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></i>, Veblen writes critically of <a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">conspicuous consumption</a> and its function in social-class <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumerism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">social stratification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiggins1978_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiggins1978-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reflecting historically, he traces said economic behaviors back to the beginnings of the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_labour" title="Division of labour">division of labor</a>, or during tribal times. Upon the start of a division of labor, <a href="/wiki/High_status" class="mw-redirect" title="High status">high-status</a> individuals within the community practiced hunting and war, notably less labor-intensive and less economically productive work. Low-status individuals, on the other hand, practiced activities recognized as more economically productive and more labor-intensive, such as farming and cooking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowd196625–27_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDowd196625–27-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High-status individuals, as Veblen explains, could instead afford to live their lives <a href="/wiki/Leisure" title="Leisure">leisurely</a> (hence their title as the <a href="/wiki/Leisure_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Leisure class">leisure class</a>), engaging in <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_interactionism" title="Symbolic interactionism">symbolic</a> economic participation, rather than practical economic participation. These individuals could engage in conspicuous leisure for extended periods of time, simply following pursuits that evoked a higher social status. Rather than participating in conspicuous consumption, the leisure class lived lives of conspicuous leisure as a marker of high status.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiggins197857–60_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiggins197857–60-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leisure class protected and reproduced their social status and control within the tribe through, for example, their participation in war-time activities, which while they were rarely needed, still rendered their lower social class counterparts dependent upon them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowd1966113_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDowd1966113-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During modern industrial times, Veblen described the leisure class as those exempt from industrial labor. Instead, he explains, the leisure class participated in intellectual or artistic endeavors to display their freedom from the economic need to participate in economically productive manual labor. In essence, not having to perform labor-intensive activities did not mark higher social status, but rather, higher social status meant that one would not have to perform such duties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiggins197872-75_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiggins197872-75-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Assessment_of_the_rich">Assessment of the rich</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Assessment of the rich"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veblen expanded upon <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">assessment of the rich</a>, stating that "[t]he leisure class used charitable activities as one of the ultimate benchmarks of the highest standard of living."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veblen insinuates that the way to convince those who have money to share is to have them receive something in return. <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_economics" title="Behavioral economics">Behavioral economics</a> also reveals that <a href="/wiki/Reward_anticipation" class="mw-redirect" title="Reward anticipation">rewards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Incentive" title="Incentive">incentives</a> are very important aspects of every-day <a href="/wiki/Decision-making" title="Decision-making">decision making</a>. When the rich shift their mindset from feeling as though they are forced to give their hard-earned money to feeling pride and honor from giving to charitable organizations there is benefit for every party involved. In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></i> (1899), Veblen referred to communities without a leisure class as "non-predatory communities," and stated that "[t]he accumulation of wealth at the upper end of the <a href="/wiki/Pecuniary" title="Pecuniary">pecuniary</a> scale implies privation at the lower end of the scale." Veblen believed that inequality was natural, and that it gave housewives something to focus their energy on. The members of the leisure class planning events and parties did not actually help anyone in the long run, according to Veblen.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theory_of_business_enterprise">Theory of business enterprise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Theory of business enterprise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The central problem for Veblen was the friction between "business" and "industry". </p><p>Veblen identified <i>business</i> as the owners and leaders whose primary goal was the profits of their companies but who, in an effort to keep profits high, often made efforts to limit production. By obstructing the operation of the industrial system in that way, "business" negatively affected society as a whole (through higher rates of unemployment, for example). With that said, Veblen identified business leaders as the source of many problems in society, which he felt should be led by people such as engineers, who understood the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industrial system</a> and its operation, while also having an interest in the general welfare of society at large.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERutherford1980_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERutherford1980-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trained_incapacity">Trained incapacity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Trained incapacity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In sociology, <b>trained incapacity</b> is "that state of affairs in which one's abilities function as inadequacies or blind spots."<sup id="cite_ref-Merton1968_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merton1968-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It means that people's past experiences can lead to wrong decisions when circumstances change.<sup id="cite_ref-Merz2011_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merz2011-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veblen coined this phrase in 1914, in <i>The Instinct of Workmanship and the Industrial Arts</i>. Essayist <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Burke" title="Kenneth Burke">Kenneth Burke</a> expanded upon the theory of trained incapacity later on, first in his book <i>Permanence and Change</i> (1935) and again in two later works.<sup id="cite_ref-Wais2005_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wais2005-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veblen's_economics_and_politics"><span id="Veblen.27s_economics_and_politics"></span>Veblen's economics and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Veblen's economics and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veblen and other American <a href="/wiki/Institutionalist_political_economy" title="Institutionalist political economy">institutionalists</a> were indebted to the <a href="/wiki/Historical_school_of_economics" title="Historical school of economics">German Historical School</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Gustav_von_Schmoller" title="Gustav von Schmoller">Gustav von Schmoller</a>, for the emphasis on historical fact, their <a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">empiricism</a> and especially a broad, evolutionary framework of study.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeblen1901_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeblen1901-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veblen admired Schmoller, but criticized some other leaders of the German school because of their over-reliance on descriptions, long displays of numerical data, and narratives of industrial development that rested on no underlying economic theory. Veblen tried to use the same approach with his own theory added.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChavance200910_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChavance200910-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veblen developed a 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_economics" title="Evolutionary economics">evolutionary economics</a> based upon <a href="/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinian</a> principles and new ideas emerging from <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, sociology, and <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>. Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">neoclassical economics</a> that emerged at the same time, Veblen described economic behavior as socially determined<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (May 2023)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (May 2023)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Thorstein_Veblen#Dubious" title="Talk:Thorstein Veblen">discuss</a></i>]</sup> and saw economic organization as a process of ongoing evolution. Veblen rejected any theory based on individual action or any theory highlighting any factor of an inner personal motivation. He considered such theories to be "unscientific". This evolution was driven by the human instincts of <a href="/wiki/Emulation_(observational_learning)" title="Emulation (observational learning)">emulation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">predation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workmanship" title="Workmanship">workmanship</a>, parental bent, and idle curiosity. Veblen wanted economists to grasp the effects of social and cultural change on economic changes. In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></i>, the instincts of emulation and predation play a major role. People, rich and poor alike, attempt to impress others and seek to gain advantage through what Veblen termed "conspicuous consumption" and the ability to engage in "<a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_leisure" title="Conspicuous leisure">conspicuous leisure</a>." In this work Veblen argued that consumption is used as a way to gain and signal status. Through "conspicuous consumption" often came "conspicuous waste," which Veblen detested. He further spoke of a "predatory phase" of culture in the sense of the predatory attitude having become the habitual spiritual attitude of the individual.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeblen1899Ch._1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeblen1899Ch._1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_theories">Political theories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Political theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Politically, Veblen was sympathetic to <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">state ownership</a>. Scholars disagree about the extent to which Veblen's views are compatible with <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimichTilman1982_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimichTilman1982-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veblenian_dichotomy">Veblenian dichotomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Veblenian dichotomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Veblenian dichotomy</b> is a concept that Veblen first suggested in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></i> (1899), and made fully into an analytical principle in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_Business_Enterprise" title="The Theory of Business Enterprise">The Theory of Business Enterprise</a></i> (1904).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To Veblen, institutions determine how <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technologies</a> are used. Some institutions are more "<a href="/wiki/Ceremony" title="Ceremony">ceremonial</a>" than others. A project for Veblen's idealized economist is to identify institutions that are too wasteful and pursue institutional "adjustment" to make instituted uses of technology more "instrumental".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veblen defines "ceremonial" as related to the past, supportive of "tribal legends" or traditional conserving attitudes and conduct; while the "instrumental" orients itself toward the technological imperative, judging value by the ability to control future consequences.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The theory suggests that, although every society depends on tools and skills to support the life process, every society also appears to have a "ceremonial" stratified structure of status that runs contrary to the needs of the "instrumental" (technological) aspects of group life.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Veblen Dichotomy is still very relevant today and can be applied to thinking around digital transformation.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publications_on_"The_Blond_Race"_and_"Aryan_Culture""><span id="Publications_on_.22The_Blond_Race.22_and_.22Aryan_Culture.22"></span>Publications on "The Blond Race" and "Aryan Culture"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Publications on "The Blond Race" and "Aryan Culture""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historiographical debates continue over Veblen's commissioned 1913 writings on "the blond race" and "the Aryan culture" in the context of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">cultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">social anthropology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance" title="Mendelian inheritance">Mendelian</a> concepts shaped both his praise of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">cultural anthropology</a> and critique of <a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">social anthropology</a>, as well as his contrasts between <a href="/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance" title="Mendelian inheritance">Mendelian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Darwinism" title="Universal Darwinism">Darwinian</a> ideas in <a href="/wiki/Antediluvian" title="Antediluvian">antediluvian</a> racial typologies such as "dolicho-blond" and "brachycephalic brunet."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historians argue that Veblen preferred <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a> ideas as well as his own approach to <a href="/wiki/Monoculturalism" title="Monoculturalism">monoculturalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_evolution" title="Cultural evolution">cultural evolution</a> in cultural anthropology. Many, if not most, of these historical studies, as well as scholarly appraisals of his 1915–19 articles on <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> industrial expansion and the distinct politics of the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, maintain strict distinctions between Veblen's renunciation of "invidious" <a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">scientific racism</a> and Veblen's <a href="/wiki/Eurocentrism" title="Eurocentrism">eurocentric</a> assumptions, if any.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veblen is regarded as one of the co-founders of the American school of <a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">institutional economics</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/John_R._Commons" title="John R. Commons">John R. Commons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley Clair Mitchell</a>. Economists who adhere to this school organize themselves in the Association for Institutional Economics (AFIT). The <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Evolutionary_Economics" title="Association for Evolutionary Economics">Association for Evolutionary Economics</a> (AFEE) gives an annual Veblen-Commons award for work in Institutional Economics and publishes the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Economic_Issues" title="Journal of Economic Issues">Journal of Economic Issues</a></i>. Some unaligned practitioners include theorists of the concept of "<a href="/wiki/Differential_accumulation" title="Differential accumulation">differential accumulation</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENitzanBichler2002Chapter_2_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENitzanBichler2002Chapter_2-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veblen's work has remained relevant for more reasons than the phrase "<a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">conspicuous consumption</a>." His evolutionary approach to the study of economic systems is again gaining traction and his model of recurring conflict between the existing order and new ways can be of value in understanding the new <a href="/wiki/Global_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Global economy">global economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this sense some authors have recently compared the <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a>, studied by Veblen, with the New Gilded Age and the contemporary processes of <a href="/wiki/Refeudalization" title="Refeudalization">refeudalization</a>, arguing for a new global leisure class and distinctive luxury consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veblen has been cited in the writings of <a href="/wiki/Feminist_economics" title="Feminist economics">feminist economists</a>. Veblen believed that women have no endowments<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and that that the behavior of women instead reflects the <a href="/wiki/Social_norms" class="mw-redirect" title="Social norms">social norms</a> of their time and place. Veblen theorized that women in the industrial age remained victims of their "barbarian status". That has, in hindsight, made Veblen a forerunner of modern <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veblen's work has also often been cited in American literary works. He is featured in <i><a href="/wiki/U.S.A._(trilogy)" title="U.S.A. (trilogy)">The Big Money</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">John Dos Passos</a>, and mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Carson_McCullers" title="Carson McCullers">Carson McCullers</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Heart_Is_a_Lonely_Hunter" title="The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter">The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Main_Street_(novel)" title="Main Street (novel)">Main Street</a></i>. One of Veblen's PhD students was <a href="/wiki/George_W._Stocking_Sr." title="George W. Stocking Sr.">George W. Stocking Sr.</a>, a pioneer in the emerging field of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_organization" title="Industrial organization">industrial organization</a> economics. Another was <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> academic and author <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Leacock" title="Stephen Leacock">Stephen Leacock</a>, who went on to become the head of Department of Economics and Political Science at <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>. The influence of <i>Theory of the Leisure Class</i> can be seen in Leacock's 1914 satire, <i><a href="/wiki/Arcadian_Adventures_with_the_Idle_Rich" title="Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich">Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To this day, Veblen is little known in Norway. President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> honored Veblen as a great American thinker when he addressed <a href="/wiki/King_Harald_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="King Harald V of Norway">King Harald V of Norway</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Veblen_good" title="Veblen good">Veblen goods</a> are named for him, based on his work in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_bibliography">Selected bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Selected bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Published_books">Published books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Published books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1899. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions</a></i>. New York: Macmillan. Available at the <a href="//archive.org/details/theoryleisurecl01veblgoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:theoryleisurecl01veblgoog">Internet Archive</a> and Project Gutenberg.</li> <li>1904. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_Business_Enterprise" title="The Theory of Business Enterprise">The Theory of Business Enterprise</a></i>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.</li> <li>1914. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/instinctworkman00veblgoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:instinctworkman00veblgoog">The Instinct of Workmanship and the State of the Industrial Arts</a></i>. New York: Macmillan.</li> <li>1915. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/imperialgermany00veblgoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:imperialgermany00veblgoog">Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution</a></i>. New York: Macmillan.</li> <li>1917. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/aninquiryintona00veblgoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:aninquiryintona00veblgoog">An Inquiry into the Nature of Peace and the Terms of Its Perpetuation</a></i>. New York: Macmillan. Also available at Project Gutenberg.</li> <li>1918. <a href="//archive.org/details/higherlearningi00veblgoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:higherlearningi00veblgoog"><i>The Higher Learning in America: A Memorandum on the Conduct of Universities by Business Men</i></a>. New York: B. W. Huebsch.</li> <li>1919. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/placeofsciencein00vebl" class="extiw" title="iarchive:placeofsciencein00vebl">The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation and Other Essays</a></i>. New York: B. W. Huebsch. Also available at Project Gutenberg and in PDF.</li> <li>1919. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/vestedinterests00veblgoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:vestedinterests00veblgoog">The Vested Interests and the Common Man</a></i>. New York: B. W. Huebsch.</li> <li>1921. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Engineers_and_the_Price_System" title="The Engineers and the Price System">The Engineers and the Price System</a></i>. New York: B. W. Huebsch.</li> <li>1923. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/AbsenteeOwnershipAndBusinessEnterprise" class="extiw" title="iarchive:AbsenteeOwnershipAndBusinessEnterprise">Absentee Ownership and Business Enterprise in Recent Times: The Case of America</a></i>. New York: B. W. Huebsch.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1884. "Kant's Critique of Judgement." <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Speculative_Philosophy" title="Journal of Speculative Philosophy">Journal of Speculative Philosophy</a></i>.</li> <li>1891. "Some Neglected Points in the Theory of Socialism." <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_American_Academy_of_Political_%26_Social_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science">Annals of AAPSS</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1008995">1008995</a>.</li> <li>1892. "Bohm-Bawerk's Definition of Capital and the Source of Wages." <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i> (QJE).</li> <li>1892. "The Overproduction Fallacy." <i>QJE</i>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1882520">1882520</a>.</li> <li>1893. "The Food Supply and the Price of Wheat", <i>Journal of Political Economy</i> (JPE). <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1817524">1817524</a>.</li> <li>1894. "The Army of the Commonweal." <i>JPE</i>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1819238">1819238</a></li> <li>1894. "The Economic Theory of Women's Dress." <i>Popular Science Monthly</i>.</li> <li>1896. "Review of Karl Marx's 'Poverty of Philosophy'." <i>JPE</i>.</li> <li>1897. "Review of Werner Sombart's 'Sozialismus'." <i>JPE</i>.</li> <li>1898. "Review of Gustav Schmoller's 'Über einige Grundfragen der Sozialpolitik'." <i>JPE</i>.</li> <li>1898. "Review of Turgot's 'Reflections'." <i>JPE</i>.</li> <li>1898. "Why is Economics Not an Evolutionary Science?" <i>QJE</i>.</li> <li>1898. "The Beginnings of Ownership." <i>American Journal of Sociology</i> (AJS).</li> <li>1898. "The Instinct of Workmanship and the Irksomeness of Labor." <i>AJS</i>.</li> <li>1898. "The Barbarian Status of Women." AJS.</li> <li>1899–1900. "The Preconceptions of Economic Science," Part 1, Part 2, Part 3. <i>QJE</i>.</li> <li>1901. "Industrial and Pecuniary Employments." <i>Publications of the AEA</i>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2485814">2485814</a>.</li> <li>1901. "Gustav Schmoller's 'Economics'." <i>QJE</i>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1882903">1882903</a>.</li> <li>1902. "Arts and Crafts." <i>JPE</i>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1822624">1822624</a>.</li> <li>1903. "Review of Werner Sombart's 'Der moderne Kapitalismus'." <i>JPE</i>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1817297">1817297</a>.</li> <li>1903. "Review of J.A. Hobson's <i>Imperialism</i>", <i>JPE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1817305">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>1904. "An Early Experiment in Trusts", <i>JPE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1819256">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>1904. "Review of Adam Smith's <i>Wealth of Nations</i>", <i>JPE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1817736">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>1905. "Credit and Prices", <i>JPE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1819505">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>1906. "The Place of Science in Modern Civilization", <i>AJS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2762805">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>1906. "Professor Clark's Economics", <i>QJE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1883836">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>1906–1907. "The Socialist Economics of Karl Marx and His Followers", <i>QJE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/subject/economy/authors/veblen/soc-econ.htm">on marxists.org</a></li> <li>1907. "Fisher's Capital and Income", <i>Political Science Quarterly</i>.</li> <li>1908. "On the Nature of Capital" <i>QJE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1883967">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>1909. "Fisher's Rate of Interest." <i>Political Science Quarterly</i>.</li> <li>1909. "The Limitations of Marginal Utility." <i>JPE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1822146">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>1910. "Christian Morals and the Competitive System", <i>International J of Ethics</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2376857">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>1913. "The Mutation Theory and the Blond Race", <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Race_Development" title="Journal of Race Development">Journal of Race Development</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29737973">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>1913. "The Blond Race and the Aryan Culture", <i>Univ of Missouri Bulletin</i>.</li> <li>1915. "The Opportunity of Japan", <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Race_Development" title="Journal of Race Development">Journal of Race Development</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29738099">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>1918. "On the General Principles of a Policy of Reconstruction", <i>J of the National Institute of Social Sciences</i>.</li> <li>1918. "Passing of National Frontiers", <i>Dial</i>.</li> <li>1918. "Menial Servants during the Period of War", <i>Public</i>.</li> <li>1918. "Farm Labor for the Period of War", <i>Public</i>.</li> <li>1918. "The War and Higher Learning", <i>Dial</i>.</li> <li>1918. "The Modern Point of View and the New Order", <i>Dial</i>.</li> <li>1919. "The Intellectual Pre-Eminence of Jews in Modern Europe", <i>Political Science Quarterly</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2141518">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>1919. "On the Nature and Uses of Sabotage", <i>Dial</i>.</li> <li>1919. "Bolshevism is a Menace to the Vested Interests", <i>Dial</i>.</li> <li>1919. "Peace", <i>Dial</i>.</li> <li>1919. "The Captains of Finance and the Engineers", <i>Dial</i>.</li> <li>1919. "The Industrial System and the Captains of Industry", <i>Dial</i>.</li> <li>1920. "Review of J.M.Keynes' <i>Economic Consequences of the Peace</i>, <i>Political Science Quarterly</i>.</li> <li>1925. "Economic theory in the Calculable Future", <i>AER</i>.</li> <li>1925. "Introduction" in <i>The <a href="/wiki/Laxd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Laxdæla saga">Laxdæla saga</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluenza" title="Affluenza">Affluenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mottainai" title="Mottainai">Mottainai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veblen_good" title="Veblen good">Veblen good</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVeblen1931" class="citation journal cs1">Veblen, Florence (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2570246">"Thorstein Veblen: Reminiscences of His Brother Orson"</a>. <i>Social Forces</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 187–195. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2570246">10.2307/2570246</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-7732">0037-7732</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2570246">2570246</a>.</cite><span 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University of Missouri.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blond+Race+and+the+Aryan+Culture%3A+By+Thorstein+B.+Veblen&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Veblen&rft.aufirst=Thorstein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDaVPAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeblen1913" class="citation journal cs1">Veblen, Thorstein (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29737973">"The Mutation Theory and the Blond Race"</a>. <i>The Journal of Race Development</i>. <b>3</b> (4): 491–507. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F29737973">10.2307/29737973</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1068-3380">1068-3380</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29737973">29737973</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Race+Development&rft.atitle=The+Mutation+Theory+and+the+Blond+Race&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=491-507&rft.date=1913&rft.issn=1068-3380&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29737973%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F29737973&rft.aulast=Veblen&rft.aufirst=Thorstein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29737973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroda2020" class="citation journal cs1">Broda, Philippe (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26870796">"Egalitarianism and Bias: Veblen and the Jewish Question"</a>. <i>Jewish Political Studies Review</i>. <b>31</b> (1/2): 245–264. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0792-335X">0792-335X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26870796">26870796</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Political+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=Egalitarianism+and+Bias%3A+Veblen+and+the+Jewish+Question&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=245-264&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26870796%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0792-335X&rft.aulast=Broda&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26870796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENitzanBichler2002Chapter_2-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENitzanBichler2002Chapter_2_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNitzanBichler2002">Nitzan & Bichler 2002</a>, Chapter 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnn_Jones2019" class="citation web cs1">Ann Jones (April 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/176550/tomgram%3A_ann_jones%2C_our_veblen_moment/">"The Man Who Saw Trump Coming A Century Ago; A Reader's Guide for the Distraught"</a>. <i>Tom Dispatch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tom+Dispatch&rft.atitle=The+Man+Who+Saw+Trump+Coming+A+Century+Ago%3B+A+Reader%27s+Guide+for+the+Distraught&rft.date=2019-04-11&rft.au=Ann+Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomdispatch.com%2Fpost%2F176550%2Ftomgram%253A_ann_jones%252C_our_veblen_moment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaltmeier2019" class="citation web cs1">Kaltmeier, Olaf (June 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interamerica.de/current-issue/kaltmeier-2/">"Invidious Comparison and the New Global Leisure Class: On the Refeudalization of Consumption in the Old and New Gilded Age | fiar"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Invidious+Comparison+and+the+New+Global+Leisure+Class%3A+On+the+Refeudalization+of+Consumption+in+the+Old+and+New+Gilded+Age+%7C+fiar&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft.aulast=Kaltmeier&rft.aufirst=Olaf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finteramerica.de%2Fcurrent-issue%2Fkaltmeier-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Patrick_Diggins1999" class="citation book cs1">John Patrick Diggins (1999). <i>Thorstein Veblen: Theorist of the Leisure Class</i>. Princeton University Press. pp. xxx. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691006543" title="Special:BookSources/9780691006543"><bdi>9780691006543</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thorstein+Veblen%3A+Theorist+of+the+Leisure+Class&rft.pages=xxx&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780691006543&rft.au=John+Patrick+Diggins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd2012" class="citation web cs1">Boyd, Colin (December 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/arcadian-adventures-with-the-idle-rich">"Arcadian Adventures With the Idle Rich"</a>. <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Arcadian+Adventures+With+the+Idle+Rich&rft.date=2012-12-03&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Farcadian-adventures-with-the-idle-rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErik_S._Reinert_&_Francesca_L._Viano2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Erik_S._Reinert" title="Erik S. Reinert">Erik S. Reinert</a> & Francesca L. Viano (2014). <i>Thorstein Veblen: Economics for an Age of Crises</i>. Anthem Press. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781783083206" title="Special:BookSources/9781783083206"><bdi>9781783083206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thorstein+Veblen%3A+Economics+for+an+Age+of+Crises&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781783083206&rft.au=Erik+S.+Reinert+%26+Francesca+L.+Viano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbercrombieHillTurner2006" class="citation book cs1">Abercrombie, Nicholas; Hill, Stephen & <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Turner_(sociologist)" title="Bryan Turner (sociologist)">Turner, Bryan S.</a> (2006). <i>Dictionary of Sociology</i>. London: Penguin Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Sociology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Abercrombie&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Hill%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Turner%2C+Bryan+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdair1970" class="citation thesis cs1">Adair, David (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214071713/http://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/3437/b13876442.pdf"><i>The Technocrats 1919–1967: A Case Study of Conflict and Change in a Social Movement</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (M.A.). Simon Fraser University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/3437/b13876442.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Technocrats+1919%E2%80%931967%3A+A+Case+Study+of+Conflict+and+Change+in+a+Social+Movement&rft.inst=Simon+Fraser+University&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Adair&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsummit.sfu.ca%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Firitems1%2F3437%2Fb13876442.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell1963" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Bell, Daniel</a> (Autumn 1963). "Veblen and the New Class". <i>The American Scholar</i>. <b>32</b> (4). The Phi Beta Kappa Society: 616–638. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41209141">41209141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Scholar&rft.atitle=Veblen+and+the+New+Class&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=616-638&rft.date=1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41209141%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell1980" class="citation book cs1">Bell, Daniel (1980) [1st. pub. 1963]. "Veblen and the Technocrats: On the Engineers and the Price System". <i>The Winding Passage: Sociological Essays and Journeys</i>. Abt Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Veblen+and+the+Technocrats%3A+On+the+Engineers+and+the+Price+System&rft.btitle=The+Winding+Passage%3A+Sociological+Essays+and+Journeys&rft.pub=Abt+Books&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChavance2009" class="citation book cs1">Chavance, Bernard (2009). <i>Institutional Economics</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415449113" title="Special:BookSources/9780415449113"><bdi>9780415449113</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Institutional+Economics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780415449113&rft.aulast=Chavance&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiggins1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Diggins" title="John Patrick Diggins">Diggins, John P.</a> (1978). <i>The Bard of Savagery: Thorstein Veblen and Modern Social Theory</i>. New York: Seabury Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bard+of+Savagery%3A+Thorstein+Veblen+and+Modern+Social+Theory&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Seabury+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Diggins&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobriansky1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Dobriansky" title="Lev Dobriansky">Dobriansky, Lev</a> (1957). <i>Veblenism: A New Critique</i>. Washington, DC: Public Affairs Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Veblenism%3A+A+New+Critique&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Public+Affairs+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Dobriansky&rft.aufirst=Lev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorfman1934" class="citation book cs1">Dorfman, Joseph (1934). <i>Thorstein Veblen and His America</i>. New York: Viking Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thorstein+Veblen+and+His+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Dorfman&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowd1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fitzgerald_Dowd" title="Douglas Fitzgerald Dowd">Dowd, Douglas</a> (1966). <i>Thorstein Veblen</i>. 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Jr. (September 1982). "The Evolution of the Veblenian Dichotomy: Veblen, Hamilton, Ayres, and Foster". <i>Journal of Economic Issues</i>. <b>16</b> (3): 757–771. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00213624.1982.11504031">10.1080/00213624.1982.11504031</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4225214">4225214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Issues&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+the+Veblenian+Dichotomy%3A+Veblen%2C+Hamilton%2C+Ayres%2C+and+Foster&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=757-771&rft.date=1982-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00213624.1982.11504031&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4225214%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Waller&rft.aufirst=William+T.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Cunningham_Wood" title="John Cunningham Wood">Wood, John</a> (1993). <i>The Life of Thorstein Veblen and Perspectives on his Thought</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-07487-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-07487-8"><bdi>0-415-07487-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Thorstein+Veblen+and+Perspectives+on+his+Thought&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-415-07487-8&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZahavi2010" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amotz_Zahavi" title="Amotz Zahavi">Zahavi, Amotz</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFumoPnKLT0#t=4m45s"><i>The theory of signal selection and its implications to theories of indirect selection and altruism</i></a> (Lecture recording). UCLA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/lFumoPnKLT0">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+theory+of+signal+selection+and+its+implications+to+theories+of+indirect+selection+and+altruism&rft.pub=UCLA&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Zahavi&rft.aufirst=Amotz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DlFumoPnKLT0%23t%3D4m45s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorstein+Veblen" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thorstein_Veblen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Thorstein Veblen">Thorstein Veblen</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/thorstein-veblen">Works by Thorstein Veblen in eBook form</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/438">Works by Thorstein Veblen</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.ws/veblenite">The Veblenite</a> – site dedicated to Thorstein Veblen, collecting biography, works, and some analysis.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islandheritageconservancy.com/ihc-veblencabin.html">IHC Veblen Project</a> – Washington Island Heritage Conservancy site detailing restoration efforts.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.VEBLEN">Guide to the Thorstein Veblen Papers 1895–1930</a> – at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thorstein_Veblen" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thorstein_Veblen" title="Template:Thorstein Veblen"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Thorstein_Veblen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Thorstein Veblen (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thorstein_Veblen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thorstein Veblen"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thorstein_Veblen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thorstein Veblen</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></i> (1899)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_Business_Enterprise" title="The Theory of Business Enterprise">The Theory of Business Enterprise</a></i> (1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Engineers_and_the_Price_System" title="The Engineers and the Price System">The Engineers and the Price System</a></i> (1921)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">Conspicuous consumption</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_leisure" title="Conspicuous leisure">Conspicuous leisure</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional economics</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen_Farmstead" title="Thorstein Veblen Farmstead">Thorstein Veblen Farmstead</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Veblen-Commons_Award" title="Veblen-Commons Award">Veblen-Commons Award</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Veblen_good" title="Veblen good">Veblen good</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Institutional_economics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Instecon" title="Template:Instecon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Instecon" title="Template talk:Instecon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Instecon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Instecon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Institutional_economics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional economics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutional economists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Abelshauser" title="Werner Abelshauser">Werner Abelshauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Edwin_Ayres" title="Clarence Edwin Ayres">Clarence Edwin Ayres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_S._Bain" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe S. Bain">Joe S. Bain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimshon_Bichler" title="Shimshon Bichler">Shimshon Bichler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Brady" title="Robert A. Brady">Robert A. Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bromley" title="Daniel Bromley">Daniel Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha-Joon_Chang" title="Ha-Joon Chang">Ha-Joon Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maurice_Clark" title="John Maurice Clark">John Maurice Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Commons" title="John R. Commons">John R. Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Ely" title="Richard T. Ely">Richard T. Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Frank" title="Robert H. Frank">Robert H. Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton_Hale_Hamilton" title="Walton Hale Hamilton">Walton Hale Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orris_C._Herfindahl" title="Orris C. Herfindahl">Orris C. Herfindahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_O._Hirschman" title="Albert O. Hirschman">Albert O. Hirschman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hodgson" title="Geoffrey Hodgson">Geoffrey Hodgson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Kornai" title="János Kornai">János Kornai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Lewis" title="Hunter Lewis">Hunter Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_W._Markham" title="Jesse W. Markham">Jesse W. Markham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley Clair Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Nitzan" title="Jonathan Nitzan">Jonathan Nitzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Samuels" title="Warren Samuels">Warren Samuels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Simiand" title="François Simiand">François Simiand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stilwell_(economist)" title="Frank Stilwell (economist)">Frank Stilwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Stocking_Sr." title="George W. Stocking Sr.">George W. Stocking Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_P%C3%A5lsson_Syll" title="Lars Pålsson Syll">Lars Pålsson Syll</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thorstein Veblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrence_Wheelwright" title="Edward Lawrence Wheelwright">Edward Lawrence Wheelwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Zimmermann" title="Erich Zimmermann">Erich Zimmermann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_institutional_economics" title="New institutional economics">New institutional economists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemoglu" title="Daron Acemoglu">Daron Acemoglu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armen_Alchian" title="Armen Alchian">Armen Alchian </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masahiko_Aoki" title="Masahiko Aoki">Masahiko Aoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_N._S._Cheung" title="Steven N. S. Cheung">Steven N. S. Cheung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald Coase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Demsetz" title="Harold Demsetz">Harold Demsetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avner_Greif" title="Avner Greif">Avner Greif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_M%C3%A9nard_(economist)" title="Claude Ménard (economist)">Claude Ménard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">Douglass North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mancur_Olson" title="Mancur Olson">Mancur Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson" title="Oliver E. Williamson">Oliver E. Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_economics" title="Behavioral economics">Behavioral economists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Ainslie_(psychologist)" title="George Ainslie (psychologist)">George Ainslie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Ariely" title="Dan Ariely">Dan Ariely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nava_Ashraf" title="Nava Ashraf">Nava Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofer_Azar" title="Ofer Azar">Ofer Azar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Bernheim" title="Douglas Bernheim">Douglas Bernheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bowles_(economist)" title="Samuel Bowles (economist)">Samuel Bowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Brosnan" title="Sarah Brosnan">Sarah Brosnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Camerer" title="Colin Camerer">Colin Camerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cesarini" title="David Cesarini">David Cesarini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay-Yut_Chen" title="Kay-Yut Chen">Kay-Yut Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Croson" title="Rachel Croson">Rachel Croson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_De_Bondt" title="Werner De Bondt">Werner De Bondt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dolan_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Dolan (academic)">Paul Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Duneier" title="Stephen Duneier">Stephen Duneier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_C._Eckel" title="Catherine C. Eckel">Catherine C. Eckel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armin_Falk" title="Armin Falk">Armin Falk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urs_Fischbacher" title="Urs Fischbacher">Urs Fischbacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gintis" title="Herbert Gintis">Herbert Gintis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Gneezy" title="Uri Gneezy">Uri Gneezy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Halpern_(psychologist)" title="David Halpern (psychologist)">David Halpern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Holt" title="Charles A. Holt">Charles A. Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ryan_Just" title="David Ryan Just">David Ryan Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Kalil" title="Ariel Kalil">Ariel Kalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Katona" title="George Katona">George Katona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_R._Kling" title="Jeffrey R. Kling">Jeffrey R. Kling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Loewenstein" title="George Loewenstein">George Loewenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Loomes" title="Graham Loomes">Graham Loomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_C._Madrian" title="Brigitte C. Madrian">Brigitte C. Madrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_McClelland" title="Gary McClelland">Gary McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Motterlini" title="Matteo Motterlini">Matteo Motterlini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sendhil_Mullainathan" title="Sendhil Mullainathan">Sendhil Mullainathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Norton_(professor)" title="Michael Norton (professor)">Michael Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rabin" title="Matthew Rabin">Matthew Rabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Rachlin" title="Howard Rachlin">Howard Rachlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_M._Schmidt" title="Klaus M. Schmidt">Klaus M. Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldar_Shafir" title="Eldar Shafir">Eldar Shafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersh_Shefrin" title="Hersh Shefrin">Hersh Shefrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Shiller" title="Robert J. Shiller">Robert J. Shiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwe_Sunde" title="Uwe Sunde">Uwe Sunde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Vishny" title="Robert W. Vishny">Robert W. Vishny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Georg Weizsäcker">Georg Weizsäcker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_sociology" title="Economic sociology">Economic sociologists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Beckert" title="Jens Beckert">Jens Beckert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_L._Block" title="Fred L. Block">Fred L. Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Smoot_Coleman" title="James Smoot Coleman">James S. Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_DiMaggio" title="Paul DiMaggio">Paul DiMaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_England" title="Paula England">Paula England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Granovetter" title="Mark Granovetter">Mark Granovetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Angus_MacKenzie" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Angus MacKenzie">Donald Angus MacKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_M._Podolny" title="Joel M. Podolny">Joel M. Podolny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynette_Spillman" title="Lynette Spillman">Lynette Spillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Swedberg" title="Richard Swedberg">Richard Swedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Th%C3%A9venot" title="Laurent Thévenot">Laurent Thévenot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Trigilia" title="Carlo Trigilia">Carlo Trigilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_White" title="Harrison White">Harrison White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viviana_Zelizer" title="Viviana Zelizer">Viviana Zelizer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key concepts and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerator_effect" title="Accelerator effect">Accelerator effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administered_prices" title="Administered prices">Administered prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barriers_to_entry" title="Barriers to entry">Barriers to entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounded_rationality" title="Bounded rationality">Bounded rationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">Conspicuous consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_leisure" title="Conspicuous leisure">Conspicuous leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_wisdom" title="Conventional wisdom">Conventional wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countervailing_power" title="Countervailing power">Countervailing power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_competition" title="Effective competition">Effective competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herfindahl_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Herfindahl index">Herfindahl index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiding_hand_principle" title="Hiding hand principle">Hiding hand principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirschman_cycle" title="Hirschman cycle">Hirschman cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentalism" title="Instrumentalism">Instrumentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuznets_swing" title="Kuznets swing">Kuznets cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_concentration" title="Market concentration">Market concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_power" title="Market power">Market power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_structure" title="Market structure">Market structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backwardness" title="Backwardness">Penalty of taking the lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satisficing" title="Satisficing">Satisficing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortage_economy" title="Shortage economy">Shortage economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure%E2%80%93conduct%E2%80%93performance_paradigm" title="Structure–conduct–performance paradigm">Structure–conduct–performance paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technostructure" title="Technostructure">Technostructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_two-level_planning" title="Theory of two-level planning">Theory of two-level planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veblen_good" title="Veblen good">Veblen goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veblenian_dichotomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Veblenian dichotomy">Veblenian dichotomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_economics" title="Cultural economics">Cultural economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">Development economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_historical_school_of_economics" title="English historical school of economics">English historical school of economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_economics" title="Evolutionary economics">Evolutionary economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_economic_thought#French_historical_school" title="Schools of economic thought">French historical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_school_of_economics" title="Historical school of economics">Historical school of economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_realism" title="Legal realism">Legal realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microeconomics" title="Microeconomics">Microeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">Post-Keynesian economics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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