CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:doi="http://dx.doi.org/" lang="en" xml:lang="en" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="no-js"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resource/css/screen.css?79f248ebefa43b7800a14562e5049ab4"/>   <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,400i,600"> <link media="print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/resource/css/print.css"/> <script type="text/javascript"> var siteUrlPrefix = "/plosone/"; </script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/modernizr-v2.7.1.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/detectizr.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/resource/img/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" /> <meta name="description" content="Background New research in interventional cardiology has shown the demand for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) to have increased tremendously. Effective treatment with a lower hospital cost has been the aim of several PCI capable centers. This study aimed to compare the adverse clinical outcomes associated with same day discharge versus overnight stay in the hospital following PCI in a population of randomized patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), the Cochrane Registry of Randomized Controlled Trials and EMBASE databases were searched (from March to June 2016) for randomized trials comparing same-day discharge versus overnight stay in the hospital following PCI. Main endpoints in this analysis included adverse cardiovascular outcomes observed during a 30-day period. Statistical analysis was carried out by the RevMan 5.3 software whereby odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with respect to a fixed or a random effects model. Results Eight randomized trials with a total number of 3081 patients (1598 patients who were discharged on the same day and 1483 patients who stayed overnight in the hospital) were included. Results of this analysis showed that mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were not significantly different between same day discharge versus overnight stay following PCI with OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04–1.35; P = 0.10, OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.33–1.41; P = 0.30 and OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.20–1.02; P = 0.06 respectively. Blood transfusion and re-hospitalization were also not significantly different between these two groups with OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.13–3.21; P = 0.59 and OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 0.88–2.65; P = 0.13 respectively. Similarly, any adverse event, major bleeding and repeated revascularization were also not significantly different between these two groups of patients with stable CAD, with OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.05–3.97; P = 0.45, OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.15–3.54; P = 0.69 and OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.14–3.15; P = 0.61 respectively. Conclusion In terms of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, same day discharge was neither superior nor inferior to overnight hospital stay following PCI in those patients with stable CAD. However, future research will have to emphasize on the long-term consequences." /> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="Background New research in interventional cardiology has shown the demand for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) to have increased tremendously. Effective treatment with a lower hospital cost has been the aim of several PCI capable centers. This study aimed to compare the adverse clinical outcomes associated with same day discharge versus overnight stay in the hospital following PCI in a population of randomized patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), the Cochrane Registry of Randomized Controlled Trials and EMBASE databases were searched (from March to June 2016) for randomized trials comparing same-day discharge versus overnight stay in the hospital following PCI. Main endpoints in this analysis included adverse cardiovascular outcomes observed during a 30-day period. Statistical analysis was carried out by the RevMan 5.3 software whereby odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with respect to a fixed or a random effects model. Results Eight randomized trials with a total number of 3081 patients (1598 patients who were discharged on the same day and 1483 patients who stayed overnight in the hospital) were included. Results of this analysis showed that mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were not significantly different between same day discharge versus overnight stay following PCI with OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04–1.35; P = 0.10, OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.33–1.41; P = 0.30 and OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.20–1.02; P = 0.06 respectively. Blood transfusion and re-hospitalization were also not significantly different between these two groups with OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.13–3.21; P = 0.59 and OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 0.88–2.65; P = 0.13 respectively. Similarly, any adverse event, major bleeding and repeated revascularization were also not significantly different between these two groups of patients with stable CAD, with OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.05–3.97; P = 0.45, OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.15–3.54; P = 0.69 and OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.14–3.15; P = 0.61 respectively. Conclusion In terms of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, same day discharge was neither superior nor inferior to overnight hospital stay following PCI in those patients with stable CAD. However, future research will have to emphasize on the long-term consequences."> <meta name="keywords" content="Stable coronary artery disease,Hospitals,Coronary angioplasty,Myocardial infarction,Randomized controlled trials,Database searching,Metaanalysis,Hemorrhage" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Pravesh Kumar Bundhun"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mohammad Zafooruddin Sani Soogund"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Wei-Qiang Huang"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"/> <meta itemprop="name" content="Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="PLOS ONE"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="PLOS ONE"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="Jan 9, 2017"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="e0169807"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="12"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1932-6203"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Public Library of Science"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807&type=printable"> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article"> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="plosone"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials" /> <meta property="twitter:description" content="Background New research in interventional cardiology has shown the demand for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) to have increased tremendously. Effective treatment with a lower hospital cost has been the aim of several PCI capable centers. This study aimed to compare the adverse clinical outcomes associated with same day discharge versus overnight stay in the hospital following PCI in a population of randomized patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), the Cochrane Registry of Randomized Controlled Trials and EMBASE databases were searched (from March to June 2016) for randomized trials comparing same-day discharge versus overnight stay in the hospital following PCI. Main endpoints in this analysis included adverse cardiovascular outcomes observed during a 30-day period. Statistical analysis was carried out by the RevMan 5.3 software whereby odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with respect to a fixed or a random effects model. Results Eight randomized trials with a total number of 3081 patients (1598 patients who were discharged on the same day and 1483 patients who stayed overnight in the hospital) were included. Results of this analysis showed that mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were not significantly different between same day discharge versus overnight stay following PCI with OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04–1.35; P = 0.10, OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.33–1.41; P = 0.30 and OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.20–1.02; P = 0.06 respectively. Blood transfusion and re-hospitalization were also not significantly different between these two groups with OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.13–3.21; P = 0.59 and OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 0.88–2.65; P = 0.13 respectively. Similarly, any adverse event, major bleeding and repeated revascularization were also not significantly different between these two groups of patients with stable CAD, with OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.05–3.97; P = 0.45, OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.15–3.54; P = 0.69 and OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.14–3.15; P = 0.61 respectively. Conclusion In terms of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, same day discharge was neither superior nor inferior to overnight hospital stay following PCI in those patients with stable CAD. However, future research will have to emphasize on the long-term consequences." /> <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004&size=inline" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Background New research in interventional cardiology has shown the demand for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) to have increased tremendously. Effective treatment with a lower hospital cost has been the aim of several PCI capable centers. This study aimed to compare the adverse clinical outcomes associated with same day discharge versus overnight stay in the hospital following PCI in a population of randomized patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), the Cochrane Registry of Randomized Controlled Trials and EMBASE databases were searched (from March to June 2016) for randomized trials comparing same-day discharge versus overnight stay in the hospital following PCI. Main endpoints in this analysis included adverse cardiovascular outcomes observed during a 30-day period. Statistical analysis was carried out by the RevMan 5.3 software whereby odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with respect to a fixed or a random effects model. Results Eight randomized trials with a total number of 3081 patients (1598 patients who were discharged on the same day and 1483 patients who stayed overnight in the hospital) were included. Results of this analysis showed that mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were not significantly different between same day discharge versus overnight stay following PCI with OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04–1.35; P = 0.10, OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.33–1.41; P = 0.30 and OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.20–1.02; P = 0.06 respectively. Blood transfusion and re-hospitalization were also not significantly different between these two groups with OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.13–3.21; P = 0.59 and OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 0.88–2.65; P = 0.13 respectively. Similarly, any adverse event, major bleeding and repeated revascularization were also not significantly different between these two groups of patients with stable CAD, with OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.05–3.97; P = 0.45, OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.15–3.54; P = 0.69 and OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.14–3.15; P = 0.61 respectively. Conclusion In terms of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, same day discharge was neither superior nor inferior to overnight hospital stay following PCI in those patients with stable CAD. However, future research will have to emphasize on the long-term consequences."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004&size=inline"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Heart disease and stroke statistics– 2008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee;citation_author=W. Rosamond;citation_author=K. Flegal;citation_author=K. Furie;citation_journal_title=Circulation;citation_volume=117;citation_number=117;citation_first_page=e25;citation_last_page=146;citation_publication_date=2008;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Cardiovascular Diseases in India: Current Epidemiology and Future Directions;citation_author=D Prabhakaran;citation_author=P Jeemon;citation_author=A Roy;citation_journal_title=Circulation;citation_volume=133;citation_number=133;citation_issue=16;citation_first_page=1605;citation_last_page=20;citation_publication_date=2016;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Triage of patients for short term observation after elective coronary angioplasty;citation_author=KT Koch;citation_author=JJ Piek;citation_author=MH Prins;citation_journal_title=Heart;citation_volume=83;citation_number=83;citation_issue=5;citation_first_page=557;citation_last_page=63;citation_publication_date=2000;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Transradial approach percutaneous coronary interventions in an out-patient clinic;citation_author=WJ Chung;citation_author=HY Fang;citation_author=TH Tsai;citation_journal_title=Int Heart J;citation_volume=51;citation_number=51;citation_issue=6;citation_first_page=371;citation_last_page=6;citation_publication_date=2010;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Suture closure of femoral arterial puncture sites after coronary angioplasty followed by same-day discharge;citation_author=RG Carere;citation_author=JG Webb;citation_author=CE Buller;citation_journal_title=Am Heart J;citation_volume=139;citation_number=139;citation_issue=1 Pt 1;citation_first_page=52;citation_last_page=8;citation_publication_date=2000;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Short-term (4 hours) observation after elective coronary angioplasty;citation_author=KT Koch;citation_author=JJ Piek;citation_author=RJ de Winter;citation_author=GK David;citation_author=K Mulder;citation_author=KI Lie;citation_journal_title=Am J Cardiol;citation_volume=80;citation_number=80;citation_issue=12;citation_first_page=1591;citation_last_page=4;citation_publication_date=1997;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Outpatient PTCA with same day discharge is safe and produces high patient satisfaction level;citation_author=WD Knopf;citation_author=C Cohen-Bernstein;citation_author=J Ryan;citation_author=K Heselov;citation_author=N Yarbrough;citation_author=G Steahr;citation_journal_title=J Invasive Cardiol;citation_volume=11;citation_number=11;citation_issue=5;citation_first_page=290;citation_last_page=5;citation_publication_date=1999;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A randomized study comparing same-day home discharge and abciximab bolus only to overnight hospitalization and abciximab bolus and infusion after transradial coronary stent implantation;citation_author=OF Bertrand;citation_author=R De Larochellière;citation_author=J Rodés-Cabau;citation_journal_title=Circulation;citation_volume=114;citation_number=114;citation_issue=24;citation_first_page=2636;citation_last_page=43;citation_publication_date=2006;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Same-day discharge after coronary stenting and femoral artery device closure: A randomized study in stableand low-risk acute coronary syndrome patients;citation_author=LC Clavijo;citation_author=GA Cortes;citation_author=A Jolly;citation_journal_title=Cardiovasc Revasc Med;citation_volume=17;citation_number=17;citation_issue=3;citation_first_page=155;citation_last_page=61;citation_publication_date=2016;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The AmBulatory Closure Device Percutaneous Intervention (ABCD-PCI) study: a single-center experience;citation_author=AM Falcone;citation_author=R Bose;citation_author=RC Stoler;citation_journal_title=Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent);citation_volume=24;citation_number=24;citation_issue=3;citation_first_page=192;citation_last_page=4;citation_publication_date=2011;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Randomized trial comparing same-day discharge with overnight hospital stay after percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the Elective PCI in Outpatient Study (EPOS);citation_author=GS Heyde;citation_author=KT Koch;citation_author=RJ de Winter;citation_journal_title=Circulation;citation_volume=115;citation_number=115;citation_issue=17;citation_first_page=2299;citation_last_page=306;citation_publication_date=2007;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Assessing patient-reported outcomes and preferences for same-day discharge after percutaneous coronaryintervention: results from a pilot randomized, controlled trial;citation_author=M Kim;citation_author=P Muntner;citation_author=S Sharma;citation_journal_title=Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes;citation_volume=6;citation_number=6;citation_issue=2;citation_first_page=186;citation_last_page=92;citation_publication_date=2013;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Outpatient coronary angioplasty: feasible and safe;citation_author=T Slagboom;citation_author=F Kiemeneij;citation_author=GJ Laarman;citation_author=R van der Wieken;citation_journal_title=Catheter Cardiovasc Interv;citation_volume=64;citation_number=64;citation_issue=4;citation_first_page=421;citation_last_page=7;citation_publication_date=2005;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Assessing risk of bias in included studies;citation_inbook_title=Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions;citation_author=JPT Higgins;citation_author=DG Altman;citation_first_page=187;citation_last_page=241;citation_publication_date=2008;citation_publisher=Wiley"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcareinterventions: explanation and elaboration;citation_author=A Liberati;citation_author=DG Altman;citation_author=J Tetzlaff;citation_journal_title=BMJ;citation_volume=339;citation_number=339;citation_first_page=b2700;citation_publication_date=2009;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Same-day discharge compared with overnight hospitalization after uncomplicated percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis;citation_author=E Abdelaal;citation_author=SV Rao;citation_author=IC Gilchrist;citation_journal_title=JACC Cardiovasc Interv;citation_volume=6;citation_number=6;citation_issue=2;citation_first_page=99;citation_last_page=112;citation_publication_date=2013;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Same-day discharge after percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis;citation_author=KM Brayton;citation_author=VG Patel;citation_author=C Stave;citation_author=JA de Lemos;citation_author=DJ Kumbhani;citation_journal_title=J Am Coll Cardiol;citation_volume=62;citation_number=62;citation_issue=4;citation_first_page=275;citation_last_page=85;citation_publication_date=2013;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Early and late outcomes in patients excluded from same day home discharge after transradial stenting and maximal antiplatelet therapy;citation_author=OF Bertrand;citation_author=J Rodés-Cabau;citation_author=E Larose;citation_journal_title=Catheter Cardiovasc Interv;citation_volume=72;citation_number=72;citation_issue=5;citation_first_page=619;citation_last_page=25;citation_publication_date=2008;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Same-day-discharge ad hoc percutaneous coronary intervention: initial single-centre experience;citation_author=X Perret;citation_author=C Bergerot;citation_author=G Rioufol;citation_author=RF Bonvini;citation_author=M Ovize;citation_author=G Finet;citation_journal_title=Arch Cardiovasc Dis;citation_volume=102;citation_number=102;citation_issue=11;citation_first_page=743;citation_last_page=8;citation_publication_date=2009;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Clinical Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Same-Day Discharge;citation_journal_title=Rev Bras Cardiol Invasiva;citation_volume=20;citation_number=20;citation_issue=4;citation_first_page=398;citation_last_page=402;citation_publication_date=2012;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Contemporary outpatient percutaneous coronary intervention: feasible and safe;citation_author=M Khater;citation_author=H Zureikat;citation_author=A Alqasem;citation_author=N Alnaber;citation_author=IA Alhaddad;citation_journal_title=Coron Artery Dis;citation_volume=18;citation_number=18;citation_issue=7;citation_first_page=565;citation_last_page=9;citation_publication_date=2007;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Same Day Discharge after PCI can also be Safe in High Risk Patients and Acute Coronary Syndrome;citation_author=EC Hodkinson;citation_author=CG Hanratty;citation_author=MS Spence;citation_author=SJ Walsh;citation_journal_title=Heart Lung Circ;citation_volume=24;citation_number=24;citation_issue=12;citation_first_page=1233;citation_publication_date=2015;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Prevalence and outcomes of same-day discharge after elective percutaneous coronary intervention among older patients;citation_author=SV Rao;citation_author=LA Kaltenbach;citation_author=WS Weintraub;citation_journal_title=JAMA;citation_volume=306;citation_number=306;citation_issue=13;citation_first_page=1461;citation_last_page=7;citation_publication_date=2011;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the safety and effectiveness of day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy;citation_author=K Gurusamy;citation_author=S Junnarkar;citation_author=M Farouk;citation_author=BR Davidson;citation_journal_title=Br J Surg;citation_volume=95;citation_number=95;citation_issue=2;citation_first_page=161;citation_last_page=8;citation_publication_date=2008;"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A meta-analysis of ambulatory versus inpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy;citation_author=NZ Ahmad;citation_author=G Byrnes;citation_author=SA Naqvi;citation_journal_title=Surg Endosc;citation_volume=22;citation_number=22;citation_issue=9;citation_first_page=1928;citation_last_page=34;citation_publication_date=2008;"/>  <script type='text/javascript'> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; (function() { var gads = document.createElement('script'); gads.async = true; gads.type = 'text/javascript'; var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js'; var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); })(); </script>  <script id="doubleClickSetupScript" type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/75507958/PONE_728x90_ATF', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1458247671871-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/75507958/PONE_160x600_BTF', [160, 600], 'div-gpt-ad-1458247671871-1').addService(googletag.pubads()); var personalizedAds = window.plosCookieConsent && window.plosCookieConsent.hasConsented('advertising'); googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(personalizedAds ? 0 : 1); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var WombatConfig = WombatConfig || {}; WombatConfig.journalKey = "PLoSONE"; WombatConfig.journalName = "PLOS ONE"; WombatConfig.figurePath = "/plosone/article/figure/image"; WombatConfig.figShareInstitutionString = "plos"; WombatConfig.doiResolverPrefix = "https://dx.plos.org/"; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var WombatConfig = WombatConfig || {}; WombatConfig.metrics = WombatConfig.metrics || {}; WombatConfig.metrics.referenceUrl = "http://lagotto.io/plos"; WombatConfig.metrics.googleScholarUrl = "https://scholar.google.com/scholar"; WombatConfig.metrics.googleScholarCitationUrl = WombatConfig.metrics.googleScholarUrl + "?hl=en&lr=&q="; WombatConfig.metrics.crossrefUrl = "https://www.crossref.org"; </script> <script defer="defer" src="/resource/js/defer.js?13928eb59791c3cc61cf"></script><script src="/resource/js/sync.js?13928eb59791c3cc61cf"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://widgets.figshare.com/static/figshare.js"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/fastclick/lib/fastclick.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/foundation/foundation.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/underscore-min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/underscore.string.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/moment.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/jquery-ui-effects.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/foundation/foundation.tooltip.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/foundation/foundation.dropdown.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/foundation/foundation.tab.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/foundation/foundation.reveal.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/foundation/foundation.slider.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/util/utils.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/components/toggle.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/components/truncate_elem.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/components/tooltip_hover.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/jquery.dotdotdot.js" type="text/javascript"></script>  <script> dataLayer = [{ 'mobileSite': 'false', 'desktopSite': 'true' }]; </script> <title>Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials | PLOS ONE</title> </head> <body class="article plosone">  <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TP26BH" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TP26BH'); </script> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MQQMGF" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MQQMGF');</script>   <script type="text/javascript"> ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(t,e,n){function r(n){if(!e[n]){var o=e[n]={exports:{}};t[n][0].call(o.exports,function(e){var o=t[n][1][e];return r(o||e)},o,o.exports)}return e[n].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var o=0;o<n.length;o++)r(n[o]);return r}({1:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){try{s.console&&console.log(t)}catch(e){}}var o,i=t("ee"),a=t(32),s={};try{o=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(s.console=!0,o.indexOf("dev")!==-1&&(s.dev=!0),o.indexOf("nr_dev")!==-1&&(s.nrDev=!0))}catch(c){}s.nrDev&&i.on("internal-error",function(t){r(t.stack)}),s.dev&&i.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){r(n.stack)}),s.dev&&(r("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),r("flags: "+a(s,function(t,e){return t}).join(", ")))},{}],2:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r,s){try{l?l-=1:o(s||new UncaughtException(t,e,n),!0)}catch(f){try{i("ierr",[f,c.now(),!0])}catch(d){}}return"function"==typeof u&&u.apply(this,a(arguments))}function UncaughtException(t,e,n){this.message=t||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=e,this.line=n}function o(t,e){var n=e?null:c.now();i("err",[t,n])}var i=t("handle"),a=t(33),s=t("ee"),c=t("loader"),f=t("gos"),u=window.onerror,d=!1,p="nr@seenError";if(!c.disabled){var l=0;c.features.err=!0,t(1),window.onerror=r;try{throw new Error}catch(h){"stack"in h&&(t(14),t(13),"addEventListener"in window&&t(7),c.xhrWrappable&&t(15),d=!0)}s.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){d&&(l+=1)}),s.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){d&&!n[p]&&(f(n,p,function(){return!0}),this.thrown=!0,o(n))}),s.on("fn-end",function(){d&&!this.thrown&&l>0&&(l-=1)}),s.on("internal-error",function(t){i("ierr",[t,c.now(),!0])})}},{}],3:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("loader");r.disabled||(r.features.ins=!0)},{}],4:[function(t,e,n){function r(){U++,L=g.hash,this[u]=y.now()}function o(){U--,g.hash!==L&&i(0,!0);var t=y.now();this[h]=~~this[h]+t-this[u],this[d]=t}function i(t,e){E.emit("newURL",[""+g,e])}function a(t,e){t.on(e,function(){this[e]=y.now()})}var s="-start",c="-end",f="-body",u="fn"+s,d="fn"+c,p="cb"+s,l="cb"+c,h="jsTime",m="fetch",v="addEventListener",w=window,g=w.location,y=t("loader");if(w[v]&&y.xhrWrappable&&!y.disabled){var x=t(11),b=t(12),E=t(9),R=t(7),O=t(14),T=t(8),P=t(15),S=t(10),M=t("ee"),N=M.get("tracer"),C=t(23);t(17),y.features.spa=!0;var L,U=0;M.on(u,r),b.on(p,r),S.on(p,r),M.on(d,o),b.on(l,o),S.on(l,o),M.buffer([u,d,"xhr-resolved"]),R.buffer([u]),O.buffer(["setTimeout"+c,"clearTimeout"+s,u]),P.buffer([u,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+s]),T.buffer([m+s,m+"-done",m+f+s,m+f+c]),E.buffer(["newURL"]),x.buffer([u]),b.buffer(["propagate",p,l,"executor-err","resolve"+s]),N.buffer([u,"no-"+u]),S.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"]),a(T,m+s),a(T,m+"-done"),a(S,"new-jsonp"),a(S,"jsonp-end"),a(S,"cb-start"),E.on("pushState-end",i),E.on("replaceState-end",i),w[v]("hashchange",i,C(!0)),w[v]("load",i,C(!0)),w[v]("popstate",function(){i(0,U>1)},C(!0))}},{}],5:[function(t,e,n){function r(){var t=new PerformanceObserver(function(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();s(v,[n])});try{t.observe({entryTypes:["resource"]})}catch(e){}}function o(t){if(s(v,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(w)]),window.performance["c"+p])try{window.performance[h](m,o,!1)}catch(t){}else try{window.performance[h]("webkit"+m,o,!1)}catch(t){}}function i(t){}if(window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&window.performance.getEntriesByType){var a=t("ee"),s=t("handle"),c=t(14),f=t(13),u=t(6),d=t(23),p="learResourceTimings",l="addEventListener",h="removeEventListener",m="resourcetimingbufferfull",v="bstResource",w="resource",g="-start",y="-end",x="fn"+g,b="fn"+y,E="bstTimer",R="pushState",O=t("loader");if(!O.disabled){O.features.stn=!0,t(9),"addEventListener"in window&&t(7);var T=NREUM.o.EV;a.on(x,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof T&&(this.bstStart=O.now())}),a.on(b,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof T&&s("bst",[n,e,this.bstStart,O.now()])}),c.on(x,function(t,e,n){this.bstStart=O.now(),this.bstType=n}),c.on(b,function(t,e){s(E,[e,this.bstStart,O.now(),this.bstType])}),f.on(x,function(){this.bstStart=O.now()}),f.on(b,function(t,e){s(E,[e,this.bstStart,O.now(),"requestAnimationFrame"])}),a.on(R+g,function(t){this.time=O.now(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash}),a.on(R+y,function(t){s("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time])}),u()?(s(v,[window.performance.getEntriesByType("resource")]),r()):l in window.performance&&(window.performance["c"+p]?window.performance[l](m,o,d(!1)):window.performance[l]("webkit"+m,o,d(!1))),document[l]("scroll",i,d(!1)),document[l]("keypress",i,d(!1)),document[l]("click",i,d(!1))}}},{}],6:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(){return"PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver}},{}],7:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){for(var e=t;e&&!e.hasOwnProperty(u);)e=Object.getPrototypeOf(e);e&&o(e)}function o(t){s.inPlace(t,[u,d],"-",i)}function i(t,e){return t[1]}var a=t("ee").get("events"),s=t("wrap-function")(a,!0),c=t("gos"),f=XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener";e.exports=a,"getPrototypeOf"in Object?(r(document),r(window),r(f.prototype)):f.prototype.hasOwnProperty(u)&&(o(window),o(f.prototype)),a.on(u+"-start",function(t,e){var n=t[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var r=c(n,"nr@wrapped",function(){function t(){if("function"==typeof n.handleEvent)return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)}var e={object:t,"function":n}[typeof n];return e?s(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n});this.wrapped=t[1]=r}}),a.on(d+"-start",function(t){t[1]=this.wrapped||t[1]})},{}],8:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){var r=t[e];"function"==typeof r&&(t[e]=function(){var t=i(arguments),e={};o.emit(n+"before-start",[t],e);var a;e[m]&&e[m].dt&&(a=e[m].dt);var s=r.apply(this,t);return o.emit(n+"start",[t,a],s),s.then(function(t){return o.emit(n+"end",[null,t],s),t},function(t){throw o.emit(n+"end",[t],s),t})})}var o=t("ee").get("fetch"),i=t(33),a=t(32);e.exports=o;var s=window,c="fetch-",f=c+"body-",u=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],d=s.Request,p=s.Response,l=s.fetch,h="prototype",m="nr@context";d&&p&&l&&(a(u,function(t,e){r(d[h],e,f),r(p[h],e,f)}),r(s,"fetch",c),o.on(c+"end",function(t,e){var n=this;if(e){var r=e.headers.get("content-length");null!==r&&(n.rxSize=r),o.emit(c+"done",[null,e],n)}else o.emit(c+"done",[t],n)}))},{}],9:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("history"),o=t("wrap-function")(r);e.exports=r;var i=window.history&&window.history.constructor&&window.history.constructor.prototype,a=window.history;i&&i.pushState&&i.replaceState&&(a=i),o.inPlace(a,["pushState","replaceState"],"-")},{}],10:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){function e(){f.emit("jsonp-end",[],l),t.removeEventListener("load",e,c(!1)),t.removeEventListener("error",n,c(!1))}function n(){f.emit("jsonp-error",[],l),f.emit("jsonp-end",[],l),t.removeEventListener("load",e,c(!1)),t.removeEventListener("error",n,c(!1))}var r=t&&"string"==typeof t.nodeName&&"script"===t.nodeName.toLowerCase();if(r){var o="function"==typeof t.addEventListener;if(o){var a=i(t.src);if(a){var d=s(a),p="function"==typeof d.parent[d.key];if(p){var l={};u.inPlace(d.parent,[d.key],"cb-",l),t.addEventListener("load",e,c(!1)),t.addEventListener("error",n,c(!1)),f.emit("new-jsonp",[t.src],l)}}}}}function o(){return"addEventListener"in window}function i(t){var e=t.match(d);return e?e[1]:null}function a(t,e){var n=t.match(l),r=n[1],o=n[3];return o?a(o,e[r]):e[r]}function s(t){var e=t.match(p);return e&&e.length>=3?{key:e[2],parent:a(e[1],window)}:{key:t,parent:window}}var c=t(23),f=t("ee").get("jsonp"),u=t("wrap-function")(f);if(e.exports=f,o()){var d=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,p=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,l=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/,h=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];Node&&Node.prototype&&Node.prototype.appendChild?u.inPlace(Node.prototype,h,"dom-"):(u.inPlace(HTMLElement.prototype,h,"dom-"),u.inPlace(HTMLHeadElement.prototype,h,"dom-"),u.inPlace(HTMLBodyElement.prototype,h,"dom-")),f.on("dom-start",function(t){r(t[0])})}},{}],11:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("mutation"),o=t("wrap-function")(r),i=NREUM.o.MO;e.exports=r,i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(t){return this instanceof i?new i(o(t,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype)},{}],12:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=i.context(),n=s(t,"executor-",e,null,!1),r=new f(n);return i.context(r).getCtx=function(){return e},r}var o=t("wrap-function"),i=t("ee").get("promise"),a=t("ee").getOrSetContext,s=o(i),c=t(32),f=NREUM.o.PR;e.exports=i,f&&(window.Promise=r,["all","race"].forEach(function(t){var e=f[t];f[t]=function(n){function r(t){return function(){i.emit("propagate",[null,!o],a,!1,!1),o=o||!t}}var o=!1;c(n,function(e,n){Promise.resolve(n).then(r("all"===t),r(!1))});var a=e.apply(f,arguments),s=f.resolve(a);return s}}),["resolve","reject"].forEach(function(t){var e=f[t];f[t]=function(t){var n=e.apply(f,arguments);return t!==n&&i.emit("propagate",[t,!0],n,!1,!1),n}}),f.prototype["catch"]=function(t){return this.then(null,t)},f.prototype=Object.create(f.prototype,{constructor:{value:r}}),c(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(f),function(t,e){try{r[e]=f[e]}catch(n){}}),o.wrapInPlace(f.prototype,"then",function(t){return function(){var e=this,n=o.argsToArray.apply(this,arguments),r=a(e);r.promise=e,n[0]=s(n[0],"cb-",r,null,!1),n[1]=s(n[1],"cb-",r,null,!1);var c=t.apply(this,n);return r.nextPromise=c,i.emit("propagate",[e,!0],c,!1,!1),c}}),i.on("executor-start",function(t){t[0]=s(t[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),t[1]=s(t[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)}),i.on("executor-err",function(t,e,n){t[1](n)}),i.on("cb-end",function(t,e,n){i.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)}),i.on("propagate",function(t,e,n){this.getCtx&&!e||(this.getCtx=function(){if(t instanceof Promise)var e=i.context(t);return e&&e.getCtx?e.getCtx():this})}),r.toString=function(){return""+f})},{}],13:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("raf"),o=t("wrap-function")(r),i="equestAnimationFrame";e.exports=r,o.inPlace(window,["r"+i,"mozR"+i,"webkitR"+i,"msR"+i],"raf-"),r.on("raf-start",function(t){t[0]=o(t[0],"fn-")})},{}],14:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",null,n)}function o(t,e,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(t[1])?0:+t[1],t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",this,n)}var i=t("ee").get("timer"),a=t("wrap-function")(i),s="setTimeout",c="setInterval",f="clearTimeout",u="-start",d="-";e.exports=i,a.inPlace(window,[s,"setImmediate"],s+d),a.inPlace(window,[c],c+d),a.inPlace(window,[f,"clearImmediate"],f+d),i.on(c+u,r),i.on(s+u,o)},{}],15:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){d.inPlace(e,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",s)}function o(){var t=this,e=u.context(t);t.readyState>3&&!e.resolved&&(e.resolved=!0,u.emit("xhr-resolved",[],t)),d.inPlace(t,y,"fn-",s)}function i(t){x.push(t),m&&(E?E.then(a):w?w(a):(R=-R,O.data=R))}function a(){for(var t=0;t<x.length;t++)r([],x[t]);x.length&&(x=[])}function s(t,e){return e}function c(t,e){for(var n in t)e[n]=t[n];return e}t(7);var f=t("ee"),u=f.get("xhr"),d=t("wrap-function")(u),p=t(23),l=NREUM.o,h=l.XHR,m=l.MO,v=l.PR,w=l.SI,g="readystatechange",y=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],x=[];e.exports=u;var b=window.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){var e=new h(t);try{u.emit("new-xhr",[e],e),e.addEventListener(g,o,p(!1))}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}return e};if(c(h,b),b.prototype=h.prototype,d.inPlace(b.prototype,["open","send"],"-xhr-",s),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){r(t,e),i(e)}),u.on("open-xhr-start",r),m){var E=v&&v.resolve();if(!w&&!v){var R=1,O=document.createTextNode(R);new m(a).observe(O,{characterData:!0})}}else f.on("fn-end",function(t){t[0]&&t[0].type===g||a()})},{}],16:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(!s(t))return null;var e=window.NREUM;if(!e.loader_config)return null;var n=(e.loader_config.accountID||"").toString()||null,r=(e.loader_config.agentID||"").toString()||null,f=(e.loader_config.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!r)return null;var h=l.generateSpanId(),m=l.generateTraceId(),v=Date.now(),w={spanId:h,traceId:m,timestamp:v};return(t.sameOrigin||c(t)&&p())&&(w.traceContextParentHeader=o(h,m),w.traceContextStateHeader=i(h,v,n,r,f)),(t.sameOrigin&&!u()||!t.sameOrigin&&c(t)&&d())&&(w.newrelicHeader=a(h,m,v,n,r,f)),w}function o(t,e){return"00-"+e+"-"+t+"-01"}function i(t,e,n,r,o){var i=0,a="",s=1,c="",f="";return o+"@nr="+i+"-"+s+"-"+n+"-"+r+"-"+t+"-"+a+"-"+c+"-"+f+"-"+e}function a(t,e,n,r,o,i){var a="btoa"in window&&"function"==typeof window.btoa;if(!a)return null;var s={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:r,ap:o,id:t,tr:e,ti:n}};return i&&r!==i&&(s.d.tk=i),btoa(JSON.stringify(s))}function s(t){return f()&&c(t)}function c(t){var e=!1,n={};if("init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&(n=NREUM.init.distributed_tracing),t.sameOrigin)e=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var r=0;r<n.allowed_origins.length;r++){var o=h(n.allowed_origins[r]);if(t.hostname===o.hostname&&t.protocol===o.protocol&&t.port===o.port){e=!0;break}}return e}function f(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.enabled}function u(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.exclude_newrelic_header}function d(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.cors_use_newrelic_header!==!1}function p(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}var l=t(29),h=t(18);e.exports={generateTracePayload:r,shouldGenerateTrace:s}},{}],17:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var r=0;r<p;r++)t.removeEventListener(d[r],this.listener,!1);e.aborted||(n.duration=a.now()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==t.readyState?null==e.status&&(e.status=0):i(this,t),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,s("xhr",[e,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this))}}function o(t,e){var n=c(e),r=t.params;r.hostname=n.hostname,r.port=n.port,r.protocol=n.protocol,r.host=n.hostname+":"+n.port,r.pathname=n.pathname,t.parsedOrigin=n,t.sameOrigin=n.sameOrigin}function i(t,e){t.params.status=e.status;var n=v(e,t.lastSize);if(n&&(t.metrics.rxSize=n),t.sameOrigin){var r=e.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");r&&(t.params.cat=r.split(", ").pop())}t.loadCaptureCalled=!0}var a=t("loader");if(a.xhrWrappable&&!a.disabled){var s=t("handle"),c=t(18),f=t(16).generateTracePayload,u=t("ee"),d=["load","error","abort","timeout"],p=d.length,l=t("id"),h=t(24),m=t(22),v=t(19),w=t(23),g=NREUM.o.REQ,y=window.XMLHttpRequest;a.features.xhr=!0,t(15),t(8),u.on("new-xhr",function(t){var e=this;e.totalCbs=0,e.called=0,e.cbTime=0,e.end=r,e.ended=!1,e.xhrGuids={},e.lastSize=null,e.loadCaptureCalled=!1,e.params=this.params||{},e.metrics=this.metrics||{},t.addEventListener("load",function(n){i(e,t)},w(!1)),h&&(h>34||h<10)||t.addEventListener("progress",function(t){e.lastSize=t.loaded},w(!1))}),u.on("open-xhr-start",function(t){this.params={method:t[0]},o(this,t[1]),this.metrics={}}),u.on("open-xhr-end",function(t,e){"loader_config"in NREUM&&"xpid"in NREUM.loader_config&&this.sameOrigin&&e.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",NREUM.loader_config.xpid);var n=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(n){var r=!1;n.newrelicHeader&&(e.setRequestHeader("newrelic",n.newrelicHeader),r=!0),n.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.setRequestHeader("traceparent",n.traceContextParentHeader),n.traceContextStateHeader&&e.setRequestHeader("tracestate",n.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r&&(this.dt=n)}}),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){var n=this.metrics,r=t[0],o=this;if(n&&r){var i=m(r);i&&(n.txSize=i)}this.startTime=a.now(),this.listener=function(t){try{"abort"!==t.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==t.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof e.onload))&&o.end(e)}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}};for(var s=0;s<p;s++)e.addEventListener(d[s],this.listener,w(!1))}),u.on("xhr-cb-time",function(t,e,n){this.cbTime+=t,e?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof n.onload||this.end(n)}),u.on("xhr-load-added",function(t,e){var n=""+l(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[n]&&(this.xhrGuids[n]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}),u.on("xhr-load-removed",function(t,e){var n=""+l(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[n]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[n],this.totalCbs-=1)}),u.on("xhr-resolved",function(){this.endTime=a.now()}),u.on("addEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof y&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-added",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("removeEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof y&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-removed",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){e instanceof y&&("onload"===n&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(t[0]&&t[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=a.now()))}),u.on("fn-end",function(t,e){this.xhrCbStart&&u.emit("xhr-cb-time",[a.now()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,e],e)}),u.on("fetch-before-start",function(t){function e(t,e){var n=!1;return e.newrelicHeader&&(t.set("newrelic",e.newrelicHeader),n=!0),e.traceContextParentHeader&&(t.set("traceparent",e.traceContextParentHeader),e.traceContextStateHeader&&t.set("tracestate",e.traceContextStateHeader),n=!0),n}var n,r=t[1]||{};"string"==typeof t[0]?n=t[0]:t[0]&&t[0].url?n=t[0].url:window.URL&&t[0]&&t[0]instanceof URL&&(n=t[0].href),n&&(this.parsedOrigin=c(n),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var o=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(o&&(o.newrelicHeader||o.traceContextParentHeader))if("string"==typeof t[0]||window.URL&&t[0]&&t[0]instanceof URL){var i={};for(var a in r)i[a]=r[a];i.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),e(i.headers,o)&&(this.dt=o),t.length>1?t[1]=i:t.push(i)}else t[0]&&t[0].headers&&e(t[0].headers,o)&&(this.dt=o)}),u.on("fetch-start",function(t,e){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=a.now(),this.dt=e,t.length>=1&&(this.target=t[0]),t.length>=2&&(this.opts=t[1]);var n,r=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?n=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof g?n=i.url:window.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(n=i.href),o(this,n);var s=(""+(i&&i instanceof g&&i.method||r.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=s,this.txSize=m(r.body)||0}),u.on("fetch-done",function(t,e){this.endTime=a.now(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=e?e.status:0;var n;"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var r={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:a.now()-this.startTime};s("xhr",[this.params,r,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this)})}},{}],18:[function(t,e,n){var r={};e.exports=function(t){if(t in r)return r[t];var e=document.createElement("a"),n=window.location,o={};e.href=t,o.port=e.port;var i=e.href.split("://");!o.port&&i[1]&&(o.port=i[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===i[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=e.hostname||n.hostname,o.pathname=e.pathname,o.protocol=i[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var a=!e.protocol||":"===e.protocol||e.protocol===n.protocol,s=e.hostname===document.domain&&e.port===n.port;return o.sameOrigin=a&&(!e.hostname||s),"/"===o.pathname&&(r[t]=o),o}},{}],19:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.responseType;return"json"===n&&null!==e?e:"arraybuffer"===n||"blob"===n||"json"===n?o(t.response):"text"===n||""===n||void 0===n?o(t.responseText):void 0}var o=t(22);e.exports=r},{}],20:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function o(t,e,n,r){return function(){return u.recordSupportability("API/"+e+"/called"),i(t+e,[f.now()].concat(s(arguments)),n?null:this,r),n?void 0:this}}var i=t("handle"),a=t(32),s=t(33),c=t("ee").get("tracer"),f=t("loader"),u=t(25),d=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=d);var p=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],l="api-",h=l+"ixn-";a(p,function(t,e){d[e]=o(l,e,!0,"api")}),d.addPageAction=o(l,"addPageAction",!0),d.setCurrentRouteName=o(l,"routeName",!0),e.exports=newrelic,d.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var m=r.prototype={createTracer:function(t,e){var n={},r=this,o="function"==typeof e;return i(h+"tracer",[f.now(),t,n],r),function(){if(c.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[f.now(),r,o],n),o)try{return e.apply(this,arguments)}catch(t){throw c.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],n),t}finally{c.emit("fn-end",[f.now()],n)}}}};a("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(t,e){m[e]=o(h,e)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(t,e){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),u.recordSupportability("API/noticeError/called"),i("err",[t,f.now(),!1,e])}},{}],21:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(NREUM.init){for(var e=NREUM.init,n=t.split("."),r=0;r<n.length-1;r++)if(e=e[n[r]],"object"!=typeof e)return;return e=e[n[n.length-1]]}}e.exports={getConfiguration:r}},{}],22:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(t){if("string"==typeof t&&t.length)return t.length;if("object"==typeof t){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&t instanceof ArrayBuffer&&t.byteLength)return t.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&t instanceof Blob&&t.size)return t.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&t instanceof FormData))try{return JSON.stringify(t).length}catch(e){return}}}},{}],23:[function(t,e,n){var r=!1;try{var o=Object.defineProperty({},"passive",{get:function(){r=!0}});window.addEventListener("testPassive",null,o),window.removeEventListener("testPassive",null,o)}catch(i){}e.exports=function(t){return r?{passive:!0,capture:!!t}:!!t}},{}],24:[function(t,e,n){var r=0,o=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);o&&(r=+o[1]),e.exports=r},{}],25:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[a,t,{name:t},e];return i("storeMetric",n,null,"api"),n}function o(t,e){var n=[s,t,{name:t},e];return i("storeEventMetrics",n,null,"api"),n}var i=t("handle"),a="sm",s="cm";e.exports={constants:{SUPPORTABILITY_METRIC:a,CUSTOM_METRIC:s},recordSupportability:r,recordCustom:o}},{}],26:[function(t,e,n){function r(){return s.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(i=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),i))-a}function o(){return i}var i=(new Date).getTime(),a=i,s=t(34);e.exports=r,e.exports.offset=a,e.exports.getLastTimestamp=o},{}],27:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){return!(!t||!t.protocol||"file:"===t.protocol)}e.exports=r},{}],28:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();n.forEach(function(t){"first-paint"===t.name?p("timing",["fp",Math.floor(t.startTime)]):"first-contentful-paint"===t.name&&p("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(t.startTime)])})}function o(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();if(n.length>0){var r=n[n.length-1];if(c&&c<r.startTime)return;p("lcp",[r])}}function i(t){t.getEntries().forEach(function(t){t.hadRecentInput||p("cls",[t])})}function a(t){if(t instanceof v&&!g){var e=Math.round(t.timeStamp),n={type:t.type};e<=l.now()?n.fid=l.now()-e:e>l.offset&&e<=Date.now()?(e-=l.offset,n.fid=l.now()-e):e=l.now(),g=!0,p("timing",["fi",e,n])}}function s(t){"hidden"===t&&(c=l.now(),p("pageHide",[c]))}if(!("init"in NREUM&&"page_view_timing"in NREUM.init&&"enabled"in NREUM.init.page_view_timing&&NREUM.init.page_view_timing.enabled===!1)){var c,f,u,d,p=t("handle"),l=t("loader"),h=t(31),m=t(23),v=NREUM.o.EV;if("PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){f=new PerformanceObserver(r);try{f.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(w){}u=new PerformanceObserver(o);try{u.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(w){}d=new PerformanceObserver(i);try{d.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(w){}}if("addEventListener"in document){var g=!1,y=["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"];y.forEach(function(t){document.addEventListener(t,a,m(!1))})}h(s)}},{}],29:[function(t,e,n){function r(){function t(){return e?15&e[n++]:16*Math.random()|0}var e=null,n=0,r=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o,i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",a="",s=0;s<i.length;s++)o=i[s],"x"===o?a+=t().toString(16):"y"===o?(o=3&t()|8,a+=o.toString(16)):a+=o;return a}function o(){return a(16)}function i(){return a(32)}function a(t){function e(){return n?15&n[r++]:16*Math.random()|0}var n=null,r=0,o=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;o&&o.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(n=o.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var i=[],a=0;a<t;a++)i.push(e().toString(16));return i.join("")}e.exports={generateUuid:r,generateSpanId:o,generateTraceId:i}},{}],30:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){if(!o)return!1;if(t!==o)return!1;if(!e)return!0;if(!i)return!1;for(var n=i.split("."),r=e.split("."),a=0;a<r.length;a++)if(r[a]!==n[a])return!1;return!0}var o=null,i=null,a=/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/;if(navigator.userAgent){var s=navigator.userAgent,c=s.match(a);c&&s.indexOf("Chrome")===-1&&s.indexOf("Chromium")===-1&&(o="Safari",i=c[1])}e.exports={agent:o,version:i,match:r}},{}],31:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){function e(){t(s&&document[s]?document[s]:document[i]?"hidden":"visible")}"addEventListener"in document&&a&&document.addEventListener(a,e,o(!1))}var o=t(23);e.exports=r;var i,a,s;"undefined"!=typeof document.hidden?(i="hidden",a="visibilitychange",s="visibilityState"):"undefined"!=typeof document.msHidden?(i="msHidden",a="msvisibilitychange"):"undefined"!=typeof document.webkitHidden&&(i="webkitHidden",a="webkitvisibilitychange",s="webkitVisibilityState")},{}],32:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[],r="",i=0;for(r in t)o.call(t,r)&&(n[i]=e(r,t[r]),i+=1);return n}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],33:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){e||(e=0),"undefined"==typeof n&&(n=t?t.length:0);for(var r=-1,o=n-e||0,i=Array(o<0?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=t[e+r];return i}e.exports=r},{}],34:[function(t,e,n){e.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],ee:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function o(t){function e(t){return t&&t instanceof r?t:t?f(t,c,a):a()}function n(n,r,o,i,a){if(a!==!1&&(a=!0),!l.aborted||i){t&&a&&t(n,r,o);for(var s=e(o),c=m(n),f=c.length,u=0;u<f;u++)c[u].apply(s,r);var p=d[y[n]];return p&&p.push([x,n,r,s]),s}}function i(t,e){g[t]=m(t).concat(e)}function h(t,e){var n=g[t];if(n)for(var r=0;r<n.length;r++)n[r]===e&&n.splice(r,1)}function m(t){return g[t]||[]}function v(t){return p[t]=p[t]||o(n)}function w(t,e){l.aborted||u(t,function(t,n){e=e||"feature",y[n]=e,e in d||(d[e]=[])})}var g={},y={},x={on:i,addEventListener:i,removeEventListener:h,emit:n,get:v,listeners:m,context:e,buffer:w,abort:s,aborted:!1};return x}function i(t){return f(t,c,a)}function a(){return new r}function s(){(d.api||d.feature)&&(l.aborted=!0,d=l.backlog={})}var c="nr@context",f=t("gos"),u=t(32),d={},p={},l=e.exports=o();e.exports.getOrSetContext=i,l.backlog=d},{}],gos:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){if(o.call(t,e))return t[e];var r=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(i){}return t[e]=r,r}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r){o.buffer([t],r),o.emit(t,e,n)}var o=t("ee").get("handle");e.exports=r,r.ee=o},{}],id:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=typeof t;return!t||"object"!==e&&"function"!==e?-1:t===window?0:a(t,i,function(){return o++})}var o=1,i="nr@id",a=t("gos");e.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(t,e,n){function r(){if(!P++){var t=T.info=NREUM.info,e=v.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(f.abort,3e4),!(t&&t.licenseKey&&t.applicationID&&e))return f.abort();c(R,function(e,n){t[e]||(t[e]=n)});var n=a();s("mark",["onload",n+T.offset],null,"api"),s("timing",["load",n]);var r=v.createElement("script");0===t.agent.indexOf("http://")||0===t.agent.indexOf("https://")?r.src=t.agent:r.src=h+"://"+t.agent,e.parentNode.insertBefore(r,e)}}function o(){"complete"===v.readyState&&i()}function i(){s("mark",["domContent",a()+T.offset],null,"api")}var a=t(26),s=t("handle"),c=t(32),f=t("ee"),u=t(30),d=t(27),p=t(21),l=t(23),h=p.getConfiguration("ssl")===!1?"http":"https",m=window,v=m.document,w="addEventListener",g="attachEvent",y=m.XMLHttpRequest,x=y&&y.prototype,b=!d(m.location);NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:m.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:y,REQ:m.Request,EV:m.Event,PR:m.Promise,MO:m.MutationObserver};var E=""+location,R={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-spa-1212.min.js"},O=y&&x&&x[w]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),T=e.exports={offset:a.getLastTimestamp(),now:a,origin:E,features:{},xhrWrappable:O,userAgent:u,disabled:b};if(!b){t(20),t(28),v[w]?(v[w]("DOMContentLoaded",i,l(!1)),m[w]("load",r,l(!1))):(v[g]("onreadystatechange",o),m[g]("onload",r)),s("mark",["firstbyte",a.getLastTimestamp()],null,"api");var P=0}},{}],"wrap-function":[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){function n(e,n,r,c,f){function nrWrapper(){var i,a,u,p;try{a=this,i=d(arguments),u="function"==typeof r?r(i,a):r||{}}catch(l){o([l,"",[i,a,c],u],t)}s(n+"start",[i,a,c],u,f);try{return p=e.apply(a,i)}catch(h){throw s(n+"err",[i,a,h],u,f),h}finally{s(n+"end",[i,a,p],u,f)}}return a(e)?e:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[p]=e,i(e,nrWrapper,t),nrWrapper)}function r(t,e,r,o,i){r||(r="");var s,c,f,u="-"===r.charAt(0);for(f=0;f<e.length;f++)c=e[f],s=t[c],a(s)||(t[c]=n(s,u?c+r:r,o,c,i))}function s(n,r,i,a){if(!h||e){var s=h;h=!0;try{t.emit(n,r,i,e,a)}catch(c){o([c,n,r,i],t)}h=s}}return t||(t=u),n.inPlace=r,n.flag=p,n}function o(t,e){e||(e=u);try{e.emit("internal-error",t)}catch(n){}}function i(t,e,n){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var r=Object.keys(t);return r.forEach(function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,{get:function(){return t[n]},set:function(e){return t[n]=e,e}})}),e}catch(i){o([i],n)}for(var a in t)l.call(t,a)&&(e[a]=t[a]);return e}function a(t){return!(t&&t instanceof Function&&t.apply&&!t[p])}function s(t,e){var n=e(t);return n[p]=t,i(t,n,u),n}function c(t,e,n){var r=t[e];t[e]=s(r,n)}function f(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;++n)e[n]=arguments[n];return e}var u=t("ee"),d=t(33),p="nr@original",l=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,h=!1;e.exports=r,e.exports.wrapFunction=s,e.exports.wrapInPlace=c,e.exports.argsToArray=f},{}]},{},["loader",2,17,5,3,4]); ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"804283",trustKey:"804283",agentID:"402703674",licenseKey:"cf99e8d2a3",applicationID:"402703674"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"cf99e8d2a3", // Modified this value from the generated script, to pass prod vs dev applicationID: window.location.hostname.includes('journals.plos.org') ? "402703674" : "402694889", sa:1} </script>  <header> <div id="topslot" class="head-top"> <a id="skip-to-content" tabindex="0" class="button" href="#main-content"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="center"> <div class="title">Advertisement</div>  <div class='advertisement' id='div-gpt-ad-1458247671871-0' style='width:728px; height:90px;'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1458247671871-0'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> <div id="user" class="nav" data-user-management-url="https://community.plos.org"> </div> <div id="pagehdr"> <nav class="nav-main"> <h1 class="logo"> <a href="/plosone/.">PLOS ONE</a> </h1> <section class="top-bar-section"> <ul class="nav-elements"> <li class="multi-col-parent menu-section-header has-dropdown" id="publish"> Publish <div class="dropdown mega "> <ul class="multi-col" id="publish-dropdown-list"> <li class="menu-section-header " id="submissions"> <span class="menu-section-header-title"> Submissions </span> <ul class="menu-section " id="submissions-dropdown-list"> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/getting-started" >Getting Started</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/submission-guidelines" >Submission Guidelines</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/figures" >Figures</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/tables" >Tables</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/supporting-information" >Supporting Information</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/latex" >LaTeX</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/what-we-publish" >What We Publish</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/preprints" >Preprints</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/revising-your-manuscript" >Revising Your Manuscript</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/submit-now" >Submit Now</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://collections.plos.org/s/calls-for-papers" >Calls for Papers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-section-header " id="policies"> <span class="menu-section-header-title"> Policies </span> <ul class="menu-section " id="policies-dropdown-list"> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/best-practices-in-research-reporting" >Best Practices in Research Reporting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/human-subjects-research" >Human Subjects Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/animal-research" >Animal Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/competing-interests" >Competing Interests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/disclosure-of-funding-sources" >Disclosure of Funding Sources</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/licenses-and-copyright" >Licenses and Copyright</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/data-availability" >Data Availability</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/complementary-research" >Complementary Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/materials-software-and-code-sharing" >Materials, Software and Code Sharing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/ethical-publishing-practice" >Ethical Publishing Practice</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/authorship" >Authorship</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/corrections-expressions-of-concern-and-retractions" >Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-section-header " id="manuscript-review-and-publication"> <span class="menu-section-header-title"> Manuscript Review and Publication </span> <ul class="menu-section " id="manuscript-review-and-publication-dropdown-list"> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/criteria-for-publication" >Criteria for Publication</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/editorial-and-peer-review-process" >Editorial and Peer Review Process</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://plos.org/resources/editor-center" >Editor Center</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/resources-for-editors" >Resources for Editors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/reviewer-guidelines" >Guidelines for Reviewers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/accepted-manuscripts" >Accepted Manuscripts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/comments" >Comments</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="calloutcontainer"> <h3 class="callout-headline">Submit Your Manuscript</h3> <div class="action-contain"> <p class="callout-content"> Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. <em>PLOS ONE</em> promises fair, rigorous peer review, broad scope, and wide readership – a perfect fit for your research every time. </p> <p class="button-contain special"> <a class="button button-default" href="/plosone/static/publish"> Learn More </a> <a class="button-link" href="https://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/default.asp"> Submit Now </a> </p> </div>  </div> </div> </li> <li class="menu-section-header has-dropdown " id="about"> <span class="menu-section-header-title"> About </span> <ul class="menu-section dropdown " id="about-dropdown-list"> <li> <a href="/plosone/static/publish" >Why Publish with PLOS ONE</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/journal-information" >Journal Information</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/staff-editors" >Staff Editors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/static/editorial-board" >Editorial Board</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/section-editors" >Section Editors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/advisory-groups" >Advisory Groups</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/find-and-read-articles" >Find and Read Articles</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/publishing-information" >Publishing Information</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://plos.org/publication-fees" >Publication Fees</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://plos.org/press-and-media" >Press and Media</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/s/contact" >Contact</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li data-js-tooltip-hover="trigger" class="subject-area menu-section-header"> Browse </li> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/jquery.hoverIntent.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/components/menu_drop.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/components/hover_delay.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <li id="navsearch" class="head-search"> <form name="searchForm" action="/plosone/search" method="get"> <fieldset> <legend>Search</legend> <label for="search">Search</label> <div class="search-contain"> <input id="search" type="text" name="q" placeholder="SEARCH" required/> <button id="headerSearchButton" type="submit" aria-label="Submit search"> <i title="Submit search" class="search-icon"></i> </button> </div> </fieldset> <input type="hidden" name="filterJournals" value="PLoSONE"/> </form> <a id="advSearch" href="/plosone/search"> advanced search </a> <script src="/resource/js/components/placeholder_style.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </li> </ul> </section> </nav> </div> </header> <section id="taxonomyContainer"> <script src="/resource/js/taxonomy-browser.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <div id="taxonomy-browser" class="areas" data-search-url="/plosone/browse"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="taxonomy-header"> Browse Subject Areas <div id="subjInfo">?</div> <div id="subjInfoText"> <p>Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field.</p> <p>For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click <a href="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus/blob/master/README.md" target="_blank" title="Link opens in new window">here</a>. </p> </div> </div> <div class="levels"> <div class="levels-container cf"> <div class="levels-position"></div> </div> <a href="#" class="prev"></a> <a href="#" class="next active"></a> </div> </div> <div class="taxonomy-browser-border-bottom"></div> </div> </section> <main id="main-content"> <div class="set-grid"> <header class="title-block"> <script src="/resource/js/components/signposts.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <ul id="almSignposts" class="signposts"> <li id="loadingMetrics"> <p>Loading metrics</p> </li> </ul> <script type="text/template" id="signpostsGeneralErrorTemplate"> <li id="metricsError">Article metrics are unavailable at this time. Please try again later.</li> </script> <script type="text/template" id="signpostsNewArticleErrorTemplate"> <li></li><li></li><li id="tooSoon">Article metrics are unavailable for recently published articles.</li> </script> <script type="text/template" id="signpostsTemplate"> <li id="almSaves"> <%= s.numberFormat(saveCount, 0) %> <div class="tools" data-js-tooltip-hover="trigger"> <a class="metric-term" href="/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807#savedHeader">Save</a> <p class="saves-tip" data-js-tooltip-hover="target"><a href="/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807#savedHeader">Total Mendeley and Citeulike bookmarks.</a></p> </div> </li> <li id="almCitations"> <%= s.numberFormat(citationCount, 0) %> <div class="tools" data-js-tooltip-hover="trigger"> <a class="metric-term" href="/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807#citedHeader">Citation</a> <p class="citations-tip" data-js-tooltip-hover="target"><a href="/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807#citedHeader">Paper's citation count computed by Dimensions.</a></p> </div> </li> <li id="almViews"> <%= s.numberFormat(viewCount, 0) %> <div class="tools" data-js-tooltip-hover="trigger"> <a class="metric-term" href="/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807#viewedHeader">View</a> <p class="views-tip" data-js-tooltip-hover="target"><a href="/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807#viewedHeader">PLOS views and downloads.</a></p> </div> </li> <li id="almShares"> <%= s.numberFormat(shareCount, 0) %> <div class="tools" data-js-tooltip-hover="trigger"> <a class="metric-term" href="/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807#discussedHeader">Share</a> <p class="shares-tip" data-js-tooltip-hover="target"><a href="/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807#discussedHeader">Sum of Facebook, Twitter, Reddit and Wikipedia activity.</a></p> </div> </li> </script> <div class="article-meta"> <div class="classifications"> <p class="license-short" id="licenseShort">Open Access</p> <p class="peer-reviewed" id="peerReviewed">Peer-reviewed</p> <div class="article-type" > <p class="type-article" id="artType">Research Article</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-title-etc"> <div class="title-authors"> <h1 id="artTitle"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</h1> <ul class="author-list clearfix" data-js-tooltip="tooltip_container" id="author-list"> <li data-js-tooltip="tooltip_trigger" > <a data-author-id="0" class="author-name" > Pravesh Kumar Bundhun <span class="rel-footnote"> </span>,</a> <div id="author-meta-0" class="author-info" data-js-tooltip="tooltip_target"> <p><span class="rel-footnote">¶</span>‡ PKB is first author on this work.</p> <p id="authAffiliations-0"><span class="type">Affiliation</span> Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China </p> <a data-js-tooltip="tooltip_close" class="close" id="tooltipClose0"> ⨯ </a> </div> </li> <li data-js-tooltip="tooltip_trigger" > <a data-author-id="1" class="author-name" > Mohammad Zafooruddin Sani Soogund,</a> <div id="author-meta-1" class="author-info" data-js-tooltip="tooltip_target"> <p id="authAffiliations-1"><span class="type">Affiliation</span> Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China </p> <a data-js-tooltip="tooltip_close" class="close" id="tooltipClose1"> ⨯ </a> </div> </li> <li data-js-tooltip="tooltip_trigger" > <a data-author-id="2" class="author-name" > Wei-Qiang Huang <span class="email"> </span></a> <div id="author-meta-2" class="author-info" data-js-tooltip="tooltip_target"> <p id="authCorresponding-2"> <span class="email">* E-mail:</span> <a href="mailto:huangwq1029@126.com">huangwq1029@126.com</a></p> <p id="authAffiliations-2"><span class="type">Affiliation</span> Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China </p> <a data-js-tooltip="tooltip_close" class="close" id="tooltipClose2"> ⨯ </a> </div> </li> </ul> <script src="/resource/js/components/tooltip.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </div> <div id="floatTitleTop" data-js-floater="title_author" class="float-title" role="presentation"> <div class="set-grid"> <div class="float-title-inner"> <h1><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</h1> <ul id="floatAuthorList" data-js-floater="floated_authors"> <li data-float-index="1">Pravesh Kumar Bundhun,  </li> <li data-float-index="2">Mohammad Zafooruddin Sani Soogund,  </li> <li data-float-index="3">Wei-Qiang Huang </li> </ul> </div> <div class="logo-close" id="titleTopCloser"> <img src="/resource/img/logo-plos.png" style="height: 2em" alt="PLOS" /> <div class="close-floater" title="close">x</div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="date-doi"> <li id="artPubDate">Published: January 9, 2017</li> <li id="artDoi"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807</a> </li> <li class="flex-spacer"></li> </ul> </div> <div> </div> </header> <section class="article-body"> <ul class="article-tabs"> <li class="tab-title active" id="tabArticle"> <a href="/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" class="article-tab-1">Article</a> </li> <li class="tab-title " id="tabAuthors"> <a href="/plosone/article/authors?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" class="article-tab-2">Authors</a> </li> <li class="tab-title " id="tabMetrics"> <a href="/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" class="article-tab-3">Metrics</a> </li> <li class="tab-title " id="tabComments"> <a href="/plosone/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" class="article-tab-4">Comments</a> </li> <li class="tab-title" id="tabRelated"> <a class="article-tab-5" id="tabRelated-link">Media Coverage</a> <script>$(document).ready(function() { $.getMediaLink("10.1371/journal.pone.0169807").then(function (url) { $("#tabRelated-link").attr("href", url) } ) })</script> </li> </ul> <div class="article-container"> <div id="nav-article"> <ul class="nav-secondary"> <li class="nav-comments" id="nav-comments"> <a href="article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807">Reader Comments</a> </li> <li id="nav-figures"><a href="#" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807">Figures</a></li> </ul> <div id="nav-data-linking" data-data-url=""> </div> </div> <script src="/resource/js/components/scroll.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/components/nav_builder.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/components/floating_nav.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <div id="figure-lightbox-container"></div> <script id="figure-lightbox-template" type="text/template"> <div id="figure-lightbox" class="reveal-modal full" data-reveal aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="lb-header"> <h1 id="lb-title"><%= articleTitle %></h1> <div id="lb-authors"> <span>Pravesh Kumar Bundhun</span> <span>Mohammad Zafooruddin Sani Soogund</span> <span>Wei-Qiang Huang</span> </div> <div class="lb-close" title="close"> </div> </div> <div class="img-container"> <div class="loader"> <i class="fa-spinner"></i> </div> <img class="main-lightbox-image" src=""/> <aside id="figures-list"> <% figureList.each(function (ix, figure) { %> <div class="change-img" data-doi="<%= figure.getAttribute('data-doi') %>"> <img class="aside-figure" src="/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=<%= figure.getAttribute('data-doi') %>" /> </div> <% }) %> <div class="dummy-figure"> </div> </aside> </div> <div id="lightbox-footer"> <div id="btns-container" class="lightbox-row <% if(figureList.length <= 1) { print('one-figure-only') } %>"> <div class="fig-btns-container reset-zoom-wrapper left"> <span class="fig-btn reset-zoom-btn">Reset zoom</span> </div> <div class="zoom-slider-container"> <div class="range-slider-container"> <span id="lb-zoom-min"></span> <div class="range-slider round" data-slider data-options="start: 20; end: 200; initial: 20;"> <span class="range-slider-handle" role="slider" tabindex="0"></span> <span class="range-slider-active-segment"></span> <input type="hidden"> </div> <span id="lb-zoom-max"></span> </div> </div> <% if(figureList.length > 1) { %> <div class="fig-btns-container"> <span class="fig-btn all-fig-btn"><i class="icon icon-all"></i> All Figures</span> <span class="fig-btn next-fig-btn"><i class="icon icon-next"></i> Next</span> <span class="fig-btn prev-fig-btn"><i class="icon icon-prev"></i> Previous</span> </div> <% } %> </div> <div id="image-context"> </div> </div> </div> </script> <script id="image-context-template" type="text/template"> <div class="footer-text"> <div id="figure-description-wrapper"> <div id="view-more-wrapper" style="<% descriptionExpanded? print('display:none;') : '' %>"> <span id="figure-title"><%= title %></span> <p id="figure-description"> <%= description %>   </p> <span id="view-more">show more<i class="icon-arrow-right"></i></span> </div> <div id="view-less-wrapper" style="<% descriptionExpanded? print('display:inline-block;') : '' %>" > <span id="figure-title"><%= title %></span> <p id="full-figure-description"> <%= description %>   <span id="view-less">show less<i class="icon-arrow-left"></i></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="show-context-container"> <a class="btn show-context" href="<%= showInContext(strippedDoi) %>">Show in Context</a> </div> <div id="download-buttons"> <h3>Download:</h3> <div class="item"> <a href="/plosone/article/figure/image?size=original&download=&id=<%= doi %>" title="original image"> <span class="download-btn">TIFF</span> </a> <span class="file-size"><%= fileSizes.original %></span> </div> <div class="item"> <a href="/plosone/article/figure/image?size=large&download=&id=<%= doi %>" title="large image"> <span class="download-btn">PNG</span> </a> <span class="file-size"><%= fileSizes.large %></span> </div> <div class="item"> <a href="/plosone/article/figure/powerpoint?id=<%= doi %>" title="PowerPoint slide"> <span class="download-btn">PPT</span> </a> </div> </div> </script> <div class="article-content"> <div id="figure-carousel-section"> <h2>Figures</h2> <div id="figure-carousel"> <div class="carousel-wrapper"> <div class="slider"> <div class="carousel-item lightbox-figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t001"> <img src="/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t001" loading="lazy" alt="Table 1" /> </div> <div class="carousel-item lightbox-figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g001"> <img src="/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g001" loading="lazy" alt="Fig 1" /> </div> <div class="carousel-item lightbox-figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t002"> <img src="/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t002" loading="lazy" alt="Table 2" /> </div> <div class="carousel-item lightbox-figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t003"> <img src="/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t003" loading="lazy" alt="Table 3" /> </div> <div class="carousel-item lightbox-figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t004"> <img src="/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t004" loading="lazy" alt="Table 4" /> </div> <div class="carousel-item lightbox-figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g002"> <img src="/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g002" loading="lazy" alt="Fig 2" /> </div> <div class="carousel-item lightbox-figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g003"> <img src="/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g003" loading="lazy" alt="Fig 3" /> </div> <div class="carousel-item lightbox-figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004"> <img src="/plosone/article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004" loading="lazy" alt="Fig 4" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-control"> <span class="button previous"></span> <span class="button next"></span> </div> <div class="carousel-page-buttons"> </div> </div> </div> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/jquery.touchswipe.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/components/figure_carousel.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/jquery.dotdotdot.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <div class="article-text" id="artText"> <div xmlns:plos="http://plos.org" class="abstract toc-section abstract-type-"><a id="abstract0" name="abstract0" data-toc="abstract0" class="link-target" title="Abstract"></a><h2>Abstract</h2><div class="abstract-content"> <div id="section1" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec001" name="sec001" class="link-target" title="Background"></a> <h3>Background</h3> <a id="article1.front1.article-meta1.abstract1.sec1.p1" name="article1.front1.article-meta1.abstract1.sec1.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>New research in interventional cardiology has shown the demand for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) to have increased tremendously. Effective treatment with a lower hospital cost has been the aim of several PCI capable centers. This study aimed to compare the adverse clinical outcomes associated with same day discharge versus overnight stay in the hospital following PCI in a population of randomized patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).</p> </div> <div id="section2" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec002" name="sec002" class="link-target" title="Methods"></a> <h3>Methods</h3> <a id="article1.front1.article-meta1.abstract1.sec2.p1" name="article1.front1.article-meta1.abstract1.sec2.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), the Cochrane Registry of Randomized Controlled Trials and EMBASE databases were searched (from March to June 2016) for randomized trials comparing same-day discharge versus overnight stay in the hospital following PCI. Main endpoints in this analysis included adverse cardiovascular outcomes observed during a 30-day period. Statistical analysis was carried out by the RevMan 5.3 software whereby odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with respect to a fixed or a random effects model.</p> </div> <div id="section3" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec003" name="sec003" class="link-target" title="Results"></a> <h3>Results</h3> <a id="article1.front1.article-meta1.abstract1.sec3.p1" name="article1.front1.article-meta1.abstract1.sec3.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>Eight randomized trials with a total number of 3081 patients (1598 patients who were discharged on the same day and 1483 patients who stayed overnight in the hospital) were included. Results of this analysis showed that mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were not significantly different between same day discharge versus overnight stay following PCI with OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04–1.35; P = 0.10, OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.33–1.41; P = 0.30 and OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.20–1.02; P = 0.06 respectively. Blood transfusion and re-hospitalization were also not significantly different between these two groups with OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.13–3.21; P = 0.59 and OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 0.88–2.65; P = 0.13 respectively. Similarly, any adverse event, major bleeding and repeated revascularization were also not significantly different between these two groups of patients with stable CAD, with OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.05–3.97; P = 0.45, OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.15–3.54; P = 0.69 and OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.14–3.15; P = 0.61 respectively.</p> </div> <div id="section4" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec004" name="sec004" class="link-target" title="Conclusion"></a> <h3>Conclusion</h3> <a id="article1.front1.article-meta1.abstract1.sec4.p1" name="article1.front1.article-meta1.abstract1.sec4.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>In terms of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, same day discharge was neither superior nor inferior to overnight hospital stay following PCI in those patients with stable CAD. However, future research will have to emphasize on the long-term consequences.</p> </div> </div></div> <div xmlns:plos="http://plos.org" class="articleinfo"><p><strong>Citation: </strong>Bundhun PK, Soogund MZS, Huang W-Q (2017) Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS ONE 12(1): e0169807. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807</p><p><strong>Editor: </strong>Bernardo Cortese, Humanitas Gavazzeni, ITALY</p><p><strong>Received: </strong>September 3, 2016; <strong>Accepted: </strong>December 21, 2016; <strong>Published: </strong> January 9, 2017</p><p><strong>Copyright: </strong> © 2017 Bundhun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</p><p><strong>Data Availability: </strong>All data have been cited in references and are freely available in PubMed and other electronic databases.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This research was supported by the Promotional Project of Guangxi Medical and Health Appropriate Technology (No. S201518). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</p><p><strong>Competing interests: </strong> The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>CAD, coronary artery diseases; MACEs, major adverse cardiac events; OR, odds ratio; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RCTs, randomized controlled tri</p></div> <div xmlns:plos="http://plos.org" id="section1" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec005" name="sec005" data-toc="sec005" class="link-target" title="Introduction"></a><h2>Introduction</h2><a id="article1.body1.sec1.p1" name="article1.body1.sec1.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one among the common chronic non-communicable diseases [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref001" class="ref-tip">1</a>–<a href="#pone.0169807.ref002" class="ref-tip">2</a>] affecting a large population of patients all around the world. New research in interventional cardiology has shown the demand for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) to have increased tremendously. Effective treatments with lower hospital costs have been the aim of several PCI capable centers. However, to further decrease their hospital expenses, patients are even willing to reduce their length of hospital stay following PCI. At the same time, interventionists and physicians are willing to provide an effective treatment along with a rapid hospital discharge following coronary angioplasty in order to arrange beds and provide space for new patients. Unfortunately, very few research has shown the impact of same day discharge versus overnight hospital stay in patients following PCI [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref003" class="ref-tip">3</a>–<a href="#pone.0169807.ref006" class="ref-tip">6</a>]. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the adverse clinical outcomes associated with same day discharge versus overnight stay in the hospital following PCI in a population of randomized patients with stable CAD.</p> </div> <div xmlns:plos="http://plos.org" id="section2" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec006" name="sec006" data-toc="sec006" class="link-target" title="Methods"></a><h2>Methods</h2> <div id="section1" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec007" name="sec007" class="link-target" title="Data sources and search strategy"></a> <h3>Data sources and search strategy</h3> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec1.p1" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec1.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), the Cochrane Registry of Randomized Controlled Trials and the EMBASE databases were searched (from March to June 2016) for English language publications based on the comparison between same-day discharge versus overnight hospital stay following PCI by using the following terms:</p> <ol class="order"> <li>Same day discharge, overnight stay and percutaneous coronary intervention;</li> <li>Same day discharge and percutaneous coronary intervention;</li> <li>Same day discharge, overnight stay, and coronary angioplasty;</li> <li>Same day discharge, overnight stay and PCI;</li> <li>Same day discharge, longer stay and PCI;</li> <li>Outpatient and percutaneous coronary intervention/PCI;</li> <li>Ambulatory and percutaneous coronary intervention/PCI;</li> <li>SDD, OS and PCI;</li> </ol><a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec1.p2" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec1.p2" class="link-target"></a><p>These terms were also briefly searched in Google scholar and then the publications obtained were cross-checked in case we missed out any relevant article.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec1.p3" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec1.p3" class="link-target"></a><p>Reference lists of publications which were expected to be highly qualified for this analysis, and meta-analyses obtained during this search process were also checked for relevant trials.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec1.p4" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec1.p4" class="link-target"></a><p>This search included articles which were published between the years 1996 and 2016.</p> </div> <div id="section2" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec008" name="sec008" class="link-target" title="Inclusion and exclusion criteria"></a> <h3>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</h3> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec2.p1" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec2.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>Studies were included if:</p> <ol class="order"> <li>They were Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing same day discharge versus overnight hospital stay following PCI.</li> <li>They consisted of patients with stable CAD.</li> <li>They reported adverse clinical outcomes as their endpoints.</li> </ol><a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec2.p2" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec2.p2" class="link-target"></a><p>Studies were excluded if:</p> <ol class="order"> <li>They were non-RCTs (meta-analyses, observational studies, case studies).</li> <li>They did not compare same day discharge versus overnight hospital stay following PCI.</li> <li>They did not involve patients with stable CAD.</li> <li>They did not report any adverse clinical outcome following coronary angioplasty.</li> <li>They were different studies but they were associated with the same trials and data.</li> <li>They were duplicates, repeating themselves in different searched databases.</li> </ol></div> <div id="section3" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec009" name="sec009" class="link-target" title="Participants, outcomes and follow ups"></a> <h3>Participants, outcomes and follow ups</h3> <div id="section1" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec010" name="sec010" class="link-target" title="Types of participants"></a><h4>Types of participants.</h4><a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec3.sec1.p1" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec3.sec1.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>This analysis mainly consisted of patients with stable CAD.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec3.sec1.p2" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec3.sec1.p2" class="link-target"></a><p>Outcomes analyzed included:</p> <ol class="order"> <li>Death</li> <li>Myocardial infarction (MI)</li> <li>Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) which consisted of death, MI and repeated revascularization. Since only one study reported Major adverse cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events (MACCEs), both MACCEs and MACEs were included in the same subgroup and analyzed.</li> <li>Repeated revascularization</li> <li>Major bleeding (any type of major bleeding)</li> <li>Any adverse event</li> <li>Re-hospitalization</li> <li>Blood transfusion</li> </ol><a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec3.sec1.p3" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec3.sec1.p3" class="link-target"></a><p>The types of participants involved, the outcomes reported and the follow up periods have been summarized in <a href="#pone-0169807-t001">Table 1</a>. Most of the trials reported a follow up period of 30 days.</p> <a class="link-target" id="pone-0169807-t001" name="pone-0169807-t001"></a><div class="figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t001"><div class="img-box"><a title="Click for larger image" href="article/figure/image?size=medium&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t001" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" data-uri="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t001"><img src="article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t001" alt="thumbnail" class="thumbnail" loading="lazy"></a><div class="expand"></div></div><div class="figure-inline-download"> Download: <ul><li><a href="article/figure/powerpoint?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t001"><div class="definition-label">PPT</div><div class="definition-description">PowerPoint slide</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=large&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t001"><div class="definition-label">PNG</div><div class="definition-description">larger image</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=original&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t001"><div class="definition-label">TIFF</div><div class="definition-description">original image</div></a></li></ul></div><div class="figcaption"><span>Table 1. </span> Type of participants, outcomes and follow-up periods reported.</div><p class="caption_target"></p><p class="caption_object"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t001"> https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t001</a></p></div></div> </div> <div id="section4" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec011" name="sec011" class="link-target" title="Data extraction and review"></a> <h3>Data extraction and review</h3> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec4.p1" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec4.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>Two authors (PKB and MZSS) carefully reviewed the trials and retrieved data to be used in this analysis. The total number of patients who were discharged on the same day following PCI and those who stayed at least overnight in the hospital following PCI, the type of study reported (excluding observational cohorts), information regarding the baseline features of the patients, the clinical outcomes reported along with the respective follow up periods and the total number of events that occurred in both groups, were carefully extracted.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec4.p2" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec4.p2" class="link-target"></a><p>The bias risk was assessed in association with the Cochrane Collaboration [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref014" class="ref-tip">14</a>]. Grades ranging from A (lowest risk of bias) to E (highest risk of bias) were allocated to each trial.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec4.p3" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec4.p3" class="link-target"></a><p>The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline was followed [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref015" class="ref-tip">15</a>].</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec4.p4" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec4.p4" class="link-target"></a><p>Any disagreement which came across during the data extraction process or the bias risk assessment was discussed and solved by the third author (WQH).</p> </div> <div id="section5" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec012" name="sec012" class="link-target" title="Statistical analysis"></a> <h3>Statistical analysis</h3> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p1" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>Similar to many other meta-analyses, heterogeneity was expected in this analysis too. Heterogeneity would normally assess the null hypothesis in order to know if all the studies were assessing the same effect. In this analysis, first of all, heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q-statistic test and then secondly using the I<sup>2</sup> statistic test.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p2" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p2" class="link-target"></a><p>A P value less or equal to 0.05 would denote a statistically significant result whereas a P value greater than 0.05 would imply an un-significant result.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p3" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p3" class="link-target"></a><p>I<sup>2</sup> was required to measure inconsistency across subgroup analyses whereby a high percentage of I<sup>2</sup> would denote an increased heterogeneity whereas a low I<sup>2</sup> would signify a low level of heterogeneity.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p4" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p4" class="link-target"></a><p>A fixed effects model (I<sup>2</sup> < 50%) or a random effects model (I<sup>2</sup> > 50%) was used based on the value of I<sup>2</sup> obtained during the data analysis.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p5" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p5" class="link-target"></a><p>RevMan software (version 5.3) was used to carry out the data analysis using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as the statistical parameters.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p6" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p6" class="link-target"></a><p>Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p7" name="article1.body1.sec2.sec5.p7" class="link-target"></a><p>Ethical approval was not considered necessary for this type of study.</p> </div> </div> <div xmlns:plos="http://plos.org" id="section3" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec013" name="sec013" data-toc="sec013" class="link-target" title="Results"></a><h2>Results</h2> <div id="section1" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec014" name="sec014" class="link-target" title="Database searched outcomes"></a> <h3>Database searched outcomes</h3> <a id="article1.body1.sec3.sec1.p1" name="article1.body1.sec3.sec1.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>A total number of 251 articles were searched from the electronic databases as well as from the reference lists of suitable meta-analyses and other relevant articles. After a careful review of the titles and abstracts, 214 articles were eliminated since they were not related to the scope of this analysis. A further 17 articles were eliminated since they were duplicates. Twenty (20) full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Another selection was done whereby:</p> <ul class="bulleted"> <li>two articles were eliminated since they were meta-analyses;</li> <li>three articles were eliminated since they were associated with the same trial;</li> <li>seven more articles were eliminated since they were observational studies.</li> </ul><a id="article1.body1.sec3.sec1.p2" name="article1.body1.sec3.sec1.p2" class="link-target"></a><p>Finally, only eight trials satisfied all the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this analysis (<a href="#pone-0169807-g001">Fig 1</a>).</p> <a class="link-target" id="pone-0169807-g001" name="pone-0169807-g001"></a><div class="figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g001"><div class="img-box"><a title="Click for larger image" href="article/figure/image?size=medium&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g001" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" data-uri="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g001"><img src="article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g001" alt="thumbnail" class="thumbnail" loading="lazy"></a><div class="expand"></div></div><div class="figure-inline-download"> Download: <ul><li><a href="article/figure/powerpoint?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g001"><div class="definition-label">PPT</div><div class="definition-description">PowerPoint slide</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=large&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g001"><div class="definition-label">PNG</div><div class="definition-description">larger image</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=original&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g001"><div class="definition-label">TIFF</div><div class="definition-description">original image</div></a></li></ul></div><div class="figcaption"><span>Fig 1. </span> Flow diagram showing the study selection.</div><p class="caption_target"></p><p class="caption_object"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g001"> https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g001</a></p></div></div> <div id="section2" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec015" name="sec015" class="link-target" title="General features of the trials"></a> <h3>General features of the trials</h3> <a id="article1.body1.sec3.sec2.p1" name="article1.body1.sec3.sec2.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>A total number of 3081 patients (1598 patients who were discharged on the same day and 1483 patients who stayed overnight in the hospital following coronary angioplasty) were included in this analysis. The most common features of the trials included in this meta-analysis have been listed in <a href="#pone-0169807-t002">Table 2</a>.</p> <a class="link-target" id="pone-0169807-t002" name="pone-0169807-t002"></a><div class="figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t002"><div class="img-box"><a title="Click for larger image" href="article/figure/image?size=medium&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t002" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" data-uri="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t002"><img src="article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t002" alt="thumbnail" class="thumbnail" loading="lazy"></a><div class="expand"></div></div><div class="figure-inline-download"> Download: <ul><li><a href="article/figure/powerpoint?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t002"><div class="definition-label">PPT</div><div class="definition-description">PowerPoint slide</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=large&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t002"><div class="definition-label">PNG</div><div class="definition-description">larger image</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=original&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t002"><div class="definition-label">TIFF</div><div class="definition-description">original image</div></a></li></ul></div><div class="figcaption"><span>Table 2. </span> General features of the trials.</div><p class="caption_target"></p><p class="caption_object"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t002"> https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t002</a></p></div></div> <div id="section3" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec016" name="sec016" class="link-target" title="Baseline features of the patients"></a> <h3>Baseline features of the patients</h3> <a id="article1.body1.sec3.sec3.p1" name="article1.body1.sec3.sec3.p1" class="link-target"></a><p><a href="#pone-0169807-t003">Table 3</a> summarizes the baseline features of the patients included in this analysis.</p> <a class="link-target" id="pone-0169807-t003" name="pone-0169807-t003"></a><div class="figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t003"><div class="img-box"><a title="Click for larger image" href="article/figure/image?size=medium&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t003" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" data-uri="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t003"><img src="article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t003" alt="thumbnail" class="thumbnail" loading="lazy"></a><div class="expand"></div></div><div class="figure-inline-download"> Download: <ul><li><a href="article/figure/powerpoint?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t003"><div class="definition-label">PPT</div><div class="definition-description">PowerPoint slide</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=large&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t003"><div class="definition-label">PNG</div><div class="definition-description">larger image</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=original&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t003"><div class="definition-label">TIFF</div><div class="definition-description">original image</div></a></li></ul></div><div class="figcaption"><span>Table 3. </span> Baseline features of the patients included.</div><p class="caption_target"></p><p class="caption_object"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t003"> https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t003</a></p></div><a id="article1.body1.sec3.sec3.p2" name="article1.body1.sec3.sec3.p2" class="link-target"></a><p>According to <a href="#pone-0169807-t003">Table 3</a>, there was no significant difference in baseline features among patients who were discharged on the same day and patients who stayed overnight in the hospital following PCI.</p> </div> <div id="section4" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec017" name="sec017" class="link-target" title="Adverse clinical and cardiovascular outcomes associated with patients who were discharged on the same day versus patients who stayed overnight in the hospital following coronary angioplasty"></a> <h3>Adverse clinical and cardiovascular outcomes associated with patients who were discharged on the same day versus patients who stayed overnight in the hospital following coronary angioplasty</h3> <a id="article1.body1.sec3.sec4.p1" name="article1.body1.sec3.sec4.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>The main results have been summarized in <a href="#pone-0169807-t004">Table 4</a>.</p> <a class="link-target" id="pone-0169807-t004" name="pone-0169807-t004"></a><div class="figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t004"><div class="img-box"><a title="Click for larger image" href="article/figure/image?size=medium&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t004" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" data-uri="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t004"><img src="article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t004" alt="thumbnail" class="thumbnail" loading="lazy"></a><div class="expand"></div></div><div class="figure-inline-download"> Download: <ul><li><a href="article/figure/powerpoint?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t004"><div class="definition-label">PPT</div><div class="definition-description">PowerPoint slide</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=large&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t004"><div class="definition-label">PNG</div><div class="definition-description">larger image</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=original&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t004"><div class="definition-label">TIFF</div><div class="definition-description">original image</div></a></li></ul></div><div class="figcaption"><span>Table 4. </span> Results of this analysis.</div><p class="caption_target"></p><p class="caption_object"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t004"> https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.t004</a></p></div><a id="article1.body1.sec3.sec4.p2" name="article1.body1.sec3.sec4.p2" class="link-target"></a><p>During this 30-day follow up, mortality, MI and MACEs were not significantly different between same day discharge and overnight stay following PCI with OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04–1.35; P = 0.10, OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.33–1.41; P = 0.30 and OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.20–1.02; P = 0.06 respectively. Similarly, blood transfusion and re-hospitalization were also not significantly different between these two groups with OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.13–3.21; P = 0.59 and OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 0.88–2.65; P = 0.13 respectively (<a href="#pone-0169807-g002">Fig 2</a>).</p> <a class="link-target" id="pone-0169807-g002" name="pone-0169807-g002"></a><div class="figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g002"><div class="img-box"><a title="Click for larger image" href="article/figure/image?size=medium&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g002" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" data-uri="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g002"><img src="article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g002" alt="thumbnail" class="thumbnail" loading="lazy"></a><div class="expand"></div></div><div class="figure-inline-download"> Download: <ul><li><a href="article/figure/powerpoint?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g002"><div class="definition-label">PPT</div><div class="definition-description">PowerPoint slide</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=large&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g002"><div class="definition-label">PNG</div><div class="definition-description">larger image</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=original&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g002"><div class="definition-label">TIFF</div><div class="definition-description">original image</div></a></li></ul></div><div class="figcaption"><span>Fig 2. </span> Adverse clinical outcomes associated with same day discharge versus overnight stay following coronary angioplasty (part 1).</div><p class="caption_target"></p><p class="caption_object"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g002"> https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g002</a></p></div><a id="article1.body1.sec3.sec4.p3" name="article1.body1.sec3.sec4.p3" class="link-target"></a><p>Any adverse event, major bleeding and repeated revascularization were also not significantly different between these two groups with OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.05–3.97; P = 0.45, OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.15–3.54; P = 0.69 and OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.14–3.15; P = 0.61 respectively (<a href="#pone-0169807-g003">Fig 3</a>).</p> <a class="link-target" id="pone-0169807-g003" name="pone-0169807-g003"></a><div class="figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g003"><div class="img-box"><a title="Click for larger image" href="article/figure/image?size=medium&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g003" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" data-uri="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g003"><img src="article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g003" alt="thumbnail" class="thumbnail" loading="lazy"></a><div class="expand"></div></div><div class="figure-inline-download"> Download: <ul><li><a href="article/figure/powerpoint?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g003"><div class="definition-label">PPT</div><div class="definition-description">PowerPoint slide</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=large&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g003"><div class="definition-label">PNG</div><div class="definition-description">larger image</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=original&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g003"><div class="definition-label">TIFF</div><div class="definition-description">original image</div></a></li></ul></div><div class="figcaption"><span>Fig 3. </span> Adverse clinical outcomes associated with same day discharge versus overnight stay following coronary angioplasty (part 2).</div><p class="caption_target"></p><p class="caption_object"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g003"> https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g003</a></p></div><a id="article1.body1.sec3.sec4.p4" name="article1.body1.sec3.sec4.p4" class="link-target"></a><p>The subgroups analyzing adverse cardiovascular outcomes showed a low level of heterogeneity whereas a few other subgroups assessing other clinical outcomes showed moderate to high levels of heterogeneity.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec3.sec4.p5" name="article1.body1.sec3.sec4.p5" class="link-target"></a><p><a href="#pone-0169807-g004">Fig 4</a> represents the funnel plot showing publication bias.</p> <a class="link-target" id="pone-0169807-g004" name="pone-0169807-g004"></a><div class="figure" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004"><div class="img-box"><a title="Click for larger image" href="article/figure/image?size=medium&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" data-uri="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004"><img src="article/figure/image?size=inline&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004" alt="thumbnail" class="thumbnail" loading="lazy"></a><div class="expand"></div></div><div class="figure-inline-download"> Download: <ul><li><a href="article/figure/powerpoint?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004"><div class="definition-label">PPT</div><div class="definition-description">PowerPoint slide</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=large&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004"><div class="definition-label">PNG</div><div class="definition-description">larger image</div></a></li><li><a href="article/figure/image?download&size=original&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004"><div class="definition-label">TIFF</div><div class="definition-description">original image</div></a></li></ul></div><div class="figcaption"><span>Fig 4. </span> Funnel plot representing publication bias.</div><p class="caption_target"></p><p class="caption_object"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004"> https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.g004</a></p></div></div> </div> <div xmlns:plos="http://plos.org" id="section4" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec018" name="sec018" data-toc="sec018" class="link-target" title="Discussion"></a><h2>Discussion</h2><a id="article1.body1.sec4.p1" name="article1.body1.sec4.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the adverse clinical outcomes associated with same day discharge versus overnight stay in the hospital following PCI. The current results showed that same day discharge was neither inferior nor superior to overnight hospital stay following coronary angioplasty in these patients with stable CAD, indicating that this rapid invasive procedure might later find a place in the outpatient setting especially for this particular subgroup of patients.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec4.p2" name="article1.body1.sec4.p2" class="link-target"></a><p>Similar to this analysis, Abdelaal et al [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref016" class="ref-tip">16</a>] who evaluated the outcomes of same day discharge versus overnight hospitalization following PCI showed similar rate of MACEs associated with both discharge strategies and it should be noted that their analysis included a large number of patients (110,000 patients) obtained from observational studies and randomized trials. Brayton et al [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref017" class="ref-tip">17</a>] also showed that in selected patients undergoing PCI, same day discharge was not associated with a higher rate of major adverse events and this strategy appeared to be as safe as the overnight following coronary angioplasty. They also showed that patients who were excluded from same day discharge following PCI had worse short and long term outcomes [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref018" class="ref-tip">18</a>].</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec4.p3" name="article1.body1.sec4.p3" class="link-target"></a><p>Similarly, an initial single centered experience [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref019" class="ref-tip">19</a>] based on same day discharge following angioplasty showed this strategy to be safe and reliable in a selection of patients without resulting in complications thereafter. In addition, another single centered registry [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref020" class="ref-tip">20</a>] demonstrated same day discharge to be safe in patients with low angiographic and clinical risks without showing any post-procedural complications.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec4.p4" name="article1.body1.sec4.p4" class="link-target"></a><p>In a study dealing with contemporary outpatient PCI [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref021" class="ref-tip">21</a>], the authors also concluded that patients with single vessel or multi vessel PCI could be safely discharged within 10-hours post-procedure. Furthermore, the authors also suggested that outpatient PCI had the ability to reduce hospital cost and increase space for other patients who were waiting for their turn. This might also be the case even for high risk patients [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref022" class="ref-tip">22</a>].</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec4.p5" name="article1.body1.sec4.p5" class="link-target"></a><p>However, this was not always a correct decision. In a multi-centered cohort involving 107, 018 patients undergoing elective PCI between November 2004 and December 2008 [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref023" class="ref-tip">23</a>], the authors concluded that among selected low risk patients, even if not associated with a high rate of mortality or re-hospitalization compared with overnight hospitalization, same day discharge should rarely be implemented in patients following PCI.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec4.p6" name="article1.body1.sec4.p6" class="link-target"></a><p>Nevertheless, with new advanced techniques in the catheter laboratories [<a href="#pone.0169807.ref024" class="ref-tip">24</a>–<a href="#pone.0169807.ref025" class="ref-tip">25</a>], even if same day discharge could find a place in PCI capable centers, concerns should be raised about the complications which might occur following this invasive procedure. In addition, close monitoring of the patients and proper explanations owing the long-term complications associated with PCI and their managements should also not be ignored in patients who require same day discharge following PCI. And it should be noted that without an overnight stay in hospital, monitoring and closely observing these patients for any complication would seldom be possible in such a short period of time especially for the subgroups of patients with acute coronary syndrome.</p> <a id="article1.body1.sec4.p7" name="article1.body1.sec4.p7" class="link-target"></a><p>This interesting research idea should further be debated in clinical medicine since it is a question which is often asked by most of the patients who require PCI. This idea should also be made clear among interventionists in order to predict prognosis and to manage new patients in the outpatient settings in this fast-developing world.</p> <div id="section1" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec019" name="sec019" class="link-target" title="Novelty"></a> <h3>Novelty</h3> <a id="article1.body1.sec4.sec1.p1" name="article1.body1.sec4.sec1.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>This analysis might be considered new because it consisted of a large number of randomized patients. In addition to randomized patients, previously published meta-analyzes also involved patients obtained from observational studies which might have introduced several types of bias during subgroup analysis. Moreover, previously published meta-analyses did not include so many outcome subgroups. Associated with a low level of heterogeneity among the subgroups analyzing cardiovascular outcomes (mortality, MACEs) could be another new feature of this research.</p> </div> <div id="section2" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec020" name="sec020" class="link-target" title="Limitations"></a> <h3>Limitations</h3> <a id="article1.body1.sec4.sec2.p1" name="article1.body1.sec4.sec2.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>A limited number of patients were analyzed and therefore, this analysis might not provide robust results. Also, the moderate and high levels of heterogeneity observed among several subgroups analyzing bleeding, any adverse event and repeated revascularization could be another limitation in this study. However, due to the fact that they were not the most important clinical outcomes in this analysis, they might not affect this analysis to a high extent. Selection bias, publication bias and language bias could have occurred because only English language publications were used in this analysis. Moreover, even if all the eight trials included in this analysis consisted of patients with stable CAD, three of the trials also included patients with low risk ACS, and one trial also included patients with unstable angina (type A and B). The inclusion of such patients along with stable CAD patients might have contributed to a heterogeneous result in several subgroups assessing other less important clinical outcomes. In addition, similar study design which was not reported in all of the eight trials might also have contributed to the introduction of bias across the studies.</p> </div> <div id="section3" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec021" name="sec021" class="link-target" title="Conclusion"></a> <h3>Conclusion</h3> <a id="article1.body1.sec4.sec3.p1" name="article1.body1.sec4.sec3.p1" class="link-target"></a><p>In terms of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, same day discharge was neither superior nor inferior to overnight hospital stay following PCI in those patients with stable CAD. However, future research will have to emphasize on the long-term consequences.</p> </div> </div> <div xmlns:plos="http://plos.org" id="section5" class="section toc-section"><a id="sec022" name="sec022" data-toc="sec022" class="link-target" title="Supporting Information"></a><h2>Supporting Information</h2><div class="figshare_widget" doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0169807"></div><div class="supplementary-material"><a name="pone.0169807.s001" id="pone.0169807.s001" class="link-target"></a><h3 class="siTitle title-small"><a href="article/file?type=supplementary&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.s001">S1 PRISMA Checklist. </a></h3><p class="siDoi"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.s001">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169807.s001</a></p><a id="article1.body1.sec5.supplementary-material1.caption1.p1" name="article1.body1.sec5.supplementary-material1.caption1.p1" class="link-target"></a><p class="postSiDOI">(DOC)</p> </div></div> <div xmlns:plos="http://plos.org" class="contributions toc-section"><a id="authcontrib" name="authcontrib" data-toc="authcontrib" title="Author Contributions"></a><h2>Author Contributions</h2><p> <ol class="simple"> <li><strong>Conceptualization:</strong> PKB MZSS WQH.</li> <li><strong>Data curation:</strong> PKB MZSS WQH.</li> <li><strong>Formal analysis:</strong> PKB MZSS WQH.</li> <li><strong>Funding acquisition:</strong> WQH.</li> <li><strong>Investigation:</strong> PKB MZSS WQH.</li> <li><strong>Methodology:</strong> PKB MZSS WQH.</li> <li><strong>Project administration:</strong> PKB MZSS WQH.</li> <li><strong>Resources:</strong> PKB MZSS WQH.</li> <li><strong>Software:</strong> PKB MZSS WQH.</li> <li><strong>Supervision:</strong> PKB MZSS WQH.</li> <li><strong>Validation:</strong> PKB MZSS WQH.</li> <li><strong>Visualization:</strong> PKB MZSS WQH.</li> <li><strong>Writing – original draft:</strong> PKB.</li> <li><strong>Writing – review & editing:</strong> PKB.</li> </ol> </p></div><div xmlns:plos="http://plos.org" class="toc-section"><a id="references" name="references" class="link-target" data-toc="references" title="References"></a><h2>References</h2><ol class="references"><li id="ref1"><span class="order">1. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref001" id="pone.0169807.ref001" class="link-target"></a>Rosamond W., Flegal K., Furie K., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics– 2008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2008; 117, pp. e25–146. pmid:18086926 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.187998"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.187998" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18086926" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Heart+disease+and+stroke+statistics%E2%80%93+2008+update%3A+a+report+from+the+American+Heart+Association+Statistics+Committee+and+Stroke+Statistics+Subcommittee+Rosamond+2008" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref2"><span class="order">2. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref002" id="pone.0169807.ref002" class="link-target"></a>Prabhakaran D, Jeemon P, Roy A. Cardiovascular Diseases in India: Current Epidemiology and Future Directions. Circulation. 2016; 133(16):1605–20. pmid:27142605 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008729"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008729" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27142605" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Cardiovascular+Diseases+in+India%3A+Current+Epidemiology+and+Future+Directions+Prabhakaran+2016" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref3"><span class="order">3. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref003" id="pone.0169807.ref003" class="link-target"></a>Koch KT, Piek JJ, Prins MH, et al. Triage of patients for short term observation after elective coronary angioplasty. Heart. 2000; 83(5):557–63. pmid:10768908 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1136/heart.83.5.557"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/heart.83.5.557" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10768908" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Triage+of+patients+for+short+term+observation+after+elective+coronary+angioplasty+Koch+2000" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref4"><span class="order">4. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref004" id="pone.0169807.ref004" class="link-target"></a>Chung WJ, Fang HY, Tsai TH, et al. Transradial approach percutaneous coronary interventions in an out-patient clinic. 2010; Int Heart J. 51(6):371–6. pmid:21173510 <ul class="reflinks"><li><a href="#" data-author="Chung" data-cit="ChungWJ%2C%20FangHY%2C%20TsaiTH%2C%20et%20al.%20Transradial%20approach%20percutaneous%20coronary%20interventions%20in%20an%20out-patient%20clinic.%202010%3B%20Int%20Heart%20J.%2051%286%29%3A371%E2%80%936.%2021173510" data-title="Transradial%20approach%20percutaneous%20coronary%20interventions%20in%20an%20out-patient%20clinic" target="_new" title="Go to article in CrossRef"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21173510" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Transradial+approach+percutaneous+coronary+interventions+in+an+out-patient+clinic+Chung+2010" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref5"><span class="order">5. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref005" id="pone.0169807.ref005" class="link-target"></a>Carere RG, Webb JG, Buller CE, et al. Suture closure of femoral arterial puncture sites after coronary angioplasty followed by same-day discharge. 2000; Am Heart J. 139(1 Pt 1):52–8. pmid:10618562 <ul class="reflinks"><li><a href="#" data-author="Carere" data-cit="CarereRG%2C%20WebbJG%2C%20BullerCE%2C%20et%20al.%20Suture%20closure%20of%20femoral%20arterial%20puncture%20sites%20after%20coronary%20angioplasty%20followed%20by%20same-day%20discharge.%202000%3B%20Am%20Heart%20J.%20139%281%20Pt%201%29%3A52%E2%80%938.%2010618562" data-title="Suture%20closure%20of%20femoral%20arterial%20puncture%20sites%20after%20coronary%20angioplasty%20followed%20by%20same-day%20discharge" target="_new" title="Go to article in CrossRef"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10618562" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Suture+closure+of+femoral+arterial+puncture+sites+after+coronary+angioplasty+followed+by+same-day+discharge+Carere+2000" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref6"><span class="order">6. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref006" id="pone.0169807.ref006" class="link-target"></a>Koch KT, Piek JJ, de Winter RJ, David GK, Mulder K, Lie KI. Short-term (4 hours) observation after elective coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol. 1997; 80(12):1591–4. pmid:9416942 <ul class="reflinks"><li><a href="#" data-author="Koch" data-cit="KochKT%2C%20PiekJJ%2C%20de%20WinterRJ%2C%20DavidGK%2C%20MulderK%2C%20LieKI.%20Short-term%20%284%20hours%29%20observation%20after%20elective%20coronary%20angioplasty.%20Am%20J%20Cardiol.%201997%3B%2080%2812%29%3A1591%E2%80%934.%209416942" data-title="Short-term%20%284%20hours%29%20observation%20after%20elective%20coronary%20angioplasty" target="_new" title="Go to article in CrossRef"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9416942" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Short-term+%284+hours%29+observation+after+elective+coronary+angioplasty+Koch+1997" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref7"><span class="order">7. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref007" id="pone.0169807.ref007" class="link-target"></a>Knopf WD, Cohen-Bernstein C, Ryan J, Heselov K, Yarbrough N, Steahr G. Outpatient PTCA with same day discharge is safe and produces high patient satisfaction level. J Invasive Cardiol. 1999 May;11(5):290–5. pmid:10745532 <ul class="reflinks"><li><a href="#" data-author="Knopf" data-cit="KnopfWD%2C%20Cohen-BernsteinC%2C%20RyanJ%2C%20HeselovK%2C%20YarbroughN%2C%20SteahrG.%20Outpatient%20PTCA%20with%20same%20day%20discharge%20is%20safe%20and%20produces%20high%20patient%20satisfaction%20level.%20J%20Invasive%20Cardiol.%201999%20May%3B11%285%29%3A290%E2%80%935.%2010745532" data-title="Outpatient%20PTCA%20with%20same%20day%20discharge%20is%20safe%20and%20produces%20high%20patient%20satisfaction%20level" target="_new" title="Go to article in CrossRef"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10745532" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Outpatient+PTCA+with+same+day+discharge+is+safe+and+produces+high+patient+satisfaction+level+Knopf+1999" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref8"><span class="order">8. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref008" id="pone.0169807.ref008" class="link-target"></a>Bertrand OF, De Larochellière R, Rodés-Cabau J, et al; Early Discharge After Transradial Stenting of Coronary Arteries Study Investigators. A randomized study comparing same-day home discharge and abciximab bolus only to overnight hospitalization and abciximab bolus and infusion after transradial coronary stent implantation. Circulation. 2006; 114(24):2636–43. pmid:17145988 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.638627"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.638627" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145988" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A+randomized+study+comparing+same-day+home+discharge+and+abciximab+bolus+only+to+overnight+hospitalization+and+abciximab+bolus+and+infusion+after+transradial+coronary+stent+implantation+Bertrand+2006" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref9"><span class="order">9. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref009" id="pone.0169807.ref009" class="link-target"></a>Clavijo LC, Cortes GA, Jolly A, et al. Same-day discharge after coronary stenting and femoral artery device closure: A randomized study in stableand low-risk acute coronary syndrome patients. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2016; 17(3):155–61. pmid:27157292 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1016/j.carrev.2016.03.003"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carrev.2016.03.003" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27157292" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Same-day+discharge+after+coronary+stenting+and+femoral+artery+device+closure%3A+A+randomized+study+in+stableand+low-risk+acute+coronary+syndrome+patients+Clavijo+2016" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref10"><span class="order">10. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref010" id="pone.0169807.ref010" class="link-target"></a>Falcone AM, Bose R, Stoler RC, et al. The AmBulatory Closure Device Percutaneous Intervention (ABCD-PCI) study: a single-center experience. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2011; 24(3):192–4. <ul class="reflinks"><li><a href="#" data-author="Falcone" data-cit="FalconeAM%2C%20BoseR%2C%20StolerRC%2C%20et%20al.%20The%20AmBulatory%20Closure%20Device%20Percutaneous%20Intervention%20%28ABCD-PCI%29%20study%3A%20a%20single-center%20experience.%20Proc%20%28Bayl%20Univ%20Med%20Cent%29.%202011%3B%2024%283%29%3A192%E2%80%934." data-title="The%20AmBulatory%20Closure%20Device%20Percutaneous%20Intervention%20%28ABCD-PCI%29%20study%3A%20a%20single-center%20experience" target="_new" title="Go to article in CrossRef"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The+AmBulatory+Closure+Device+Percutaneous+Intervention+%28ABCD-PCI%29+study%3A+a+single-center+experience+Falcone+2011" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref11"><span class="order">11. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref011" id="pone.0169807.ref011" class="link-target"></a>Heyde GS, Koch KT, de Winter RJ, et al. Randomized trial comparing same-day discharge with overnight hospital stay after percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the Elective PCI in Outpatient Study (EPOS). Circulation. 2007; 115(17):2299–306. pmid:17420341 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.591495"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.591495" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17420341" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Randomized+trial+comparing+same-day+discharge+with+overnight+hospital+stay+after+percutaneous+coronary+intervention%3A+results+of+the+Elective+PCI+in+Outpatient+Study+%28EPOS%29+Heyde+2007" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref12"><span class="order">12. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref012" id="pone.0169807.ref012" class="link-target"></a>Kim M, Muntner P, Sharma S, et al. Assessing patient-reported outcomes and preferences for same-day discharge after percutaneous coronaryintervention: results from a pilot randomized, controlled trial. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013; 6(2):186–92. pmid:23481528 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.000069"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.000069" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23481528" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Assessing+patient-reported+outcomes+and+preferences+for+same-day+discharge+after+percutaneous+coronaryintervention%3A+results+from+a+pilot+randomized%2C+controlled+trial+Kim+2013" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref13"><span class="order">13. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref013" id="pone.0169807.ref013" class="link-target"></a>Slagboom T, Kiemeneij F, Laarman GJ, van der Wieken R. Outpatient coronary angioplasty: feasible and safe. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2005; 64(4):421–7. pmid:15789393 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1002/ccd.20313"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.20313" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15789393" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Outpatient+coronary+angioplasty%3A+feasible+and+safe+Slagboom+2005" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref14"><span class="order">14. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref014" id="pone.0169807.ref014" class="link-target"></a>Higgins JPT, Altman DG. Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. 2008; Wiley. 187–241. <ul class="find-nolinks"></ul></li><li id="ref15"><span class="order">15. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref015" id="pone.0169807.ref015" class="link-target"></a>Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcareinterventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2009; 339:b2700. pmid:19622552 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1136/bmj.b2700"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2700" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19622552" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The+PRISMA+statement+for+reporting+systematic+reviews+and+meta-analyses+of+studies+that+evaluate+healthcareinterventions%3A+explanation+and+elaboration+Liberati+2009" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref16"><span class="order">16. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref016" id="pone.0169807.ref016" class="link-target"></a>Abdelaal E, Rao SV, Gilchrist IC, et al. Same-day discharge compared with overnight hospitalization after uncomplicated percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013; 6(2):99–112. pmid:23352820 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1016/j.jcin.2012.10.008"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2012.10.008" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23352820" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Same-day+discharge+compared+with+overnight+hospitalization+after+uncomplicated+percutaneous+coronary+intervention%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+Abdelaal+2013" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref17"><span class="order">17. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref017" id="pone.0169807.ref017" class="link-target"></a>Brayton KM, Patel VG, Stave C, de Lemos JA, Kumbhani DJ. Same-day discharge after percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013; 62(4):275–85. pmid:23623905 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1016/j.jacc.2013.03.051"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.03.051" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23623905" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Same-day+discharge+after+percutaneous+coronary+intervention%3A+a+meta-analysis+Brayton+2013" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref18"><span class="order">18. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref018" id="pone.0169807.ref018" class="link-target"></a>Bertrand OF, Rodés-Cabau J, Larose E, et al. Early and late outcomes in patients excluded from same day home discharge after transradial stenting and maximal antiplatelet therapy. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008; 72(5):619–25. pmid:18942124 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1002/ccd.21662"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.21662" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18942124" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Early+and+late+outcomes+in+patients+excluded+from+same+day+home+discharge+after+transradial+stenting+and+maximal+antiplatelet+therapy+Bertrand+2008" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref19"><span class="order">19. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref019" id="pone.0169807.ref019" class="link-target"></a>Perret X, Bergerot C, Rioufol G, Bonvini RF, Ovize M, Finet G. Same-day-discharge ad hoc percutaneous coronary intervention: initial single-centre experience. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2009; 102(11):743–8. pmid:19944389 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1016/j.acvd.2009.09.002"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acvd.2009.09.002" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19944389" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Same-day-discharge+ad+hoc+percutaneous+coronary+intervention%3A+initial+single-centre+experience+Perret+2009" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref20"><span class="order">20. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref020" id="pone.0169807.ref020" class="link-target"></a>Luciano Folchine Trindade Antonio Helio G, Pozetti Alan Vinicius G, Osti Jose Guilherme R et al. Clinical Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Same-Day Discharge. Rev Bras Cardiol Invasiva. 2012; 20(4):398–402. <ul class="reflinks"><li><a href="#" data-author="" data-cit="Luciano%20Folchine%20Trindade%20Antonio%20Helio%20G%2C%20Pozetti%20Alan%20Vinicius%20G%2C%20Osti%20Jose%20Guilherme%20R%20et%20al.%20Clinical%20Outcomes%20of%20Patients%20Undergoing%20Elective%20Percutaneous%20Coronary%20Intervention%20with%20Same-Day%20Discharge.%20Rev%20Bras%20Cardiol%20Invasiva.%202012%3B%2020%284%29%3A398%E2%80%93402." data-title="Clinical%20Outcomes%20of%20Patients%20Undergoing%20Elective%20Percutaneous%20Coronary%20Intervention%20with%20Same-Day%20Discharge" target="_new" title="Go to article in CrossRef"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Clinical+Outcomes+of+Patients+Undergoing+Elective+Percutaneous+Coronary+Intervention+with+Same-Day+Discharge++2012" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref21"><span class="order">21. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref021" id="pone.0169807.ref021" class="link-target"></a>Khater M, Zureikat H, Alqasem A, Alnaber N, Alhaddad IA. Contemporary outpatient percutaneous coronary intervention: feasible and safe. Coron Artery Dis. 2007; 18(7):565–9. pmid:17925611 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1097/MCA.0b013e3282eff1da"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/MCA.0b013e3282eff1da" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17925611" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Contemporary+outpatient+percutaneous+coronary+intervention%3A+feasible+and+safe+Khater+2007" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref22"><span class="order">22. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref022" id="pone.0169807.ref022" class="link-target"></a>Hodkinson EC, Hanratty CG, Spence MS, Walsh SJ. Same Day Discharge after PCI can also be Safe in High Risk Patients and Acute Coronary Syndrome. Heart Lung Circ. 2015; 24(12):1233. pmid:26048321 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1016/j.hlc.2015.04.165"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2015.04.165" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26048321" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Same+Day+Discharge+after+PCI+can+also+be+Safe+in+High+Risk+Patients+and+Acute+Coronary+Syndrome+Hodkinson+2015" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref23"><span class="order">23. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref023" id="pone.0169807.ref023" class="link-target"></a>Rao SV, Kaltenbach LA, Weintraub WS, et al. Prevalence and outcomes of same-day discharge after elective percutaneous coronary intervention among older patients. JAMA. 2011; 306(13):1461–7. pmid:21972308 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1001/jama.2011.1409"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1409" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21972308" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Prevalence+and+outcomes+of+same-day+discharge+after+elective+percutaneous+coronary+intervention+among+older+patients+Rao+2011" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref24"><span class="order">24. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref024" id="pone.0169807.ref024" class="link-target"></a>Gurusamy K, Junnarkar S, Farouk M, Davidson BR. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the safety and effectiveness of day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg. 2008; 95(2):161–8. pmid:18196561 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1002/bjs.6105"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6105" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18196561" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Meta-analysis+of+randomized+controlled+trials+on+the+safety+and+effectiveness+of+day-case+laparoscopic+cholecystectomy+Gurusamy+2008" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li><li id="ref25"><span class="order">25. </span><a name="pone.0169807.ref025" id="pone.0169807.ref025" class="link-target"></a>Ahmad NZ, Byrnes G, Naqvi SA. A meta-analysis of ambulatory versus inpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2008; 22(9):1928–34. pmid:18398648 <ul class="reflinks" data-doi="10.1007/s00464-008-9867-2"><li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-008-9867-2" data-author="doi-provided" data-cit="doi-provided" data-title="doi-provided" target="_new" title="Go to article"> View Article </a></li><li><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18398648" target="_new" title="Go to article in PubMed"> PubMed/NCBI </a></li><li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A+meta-analysis+of+ambulatory+versus+inpatient+laparoscopic+cholecystectomy+Ahmad+2008" target="_new" title="Go to article in Google Scholar"> Google Scholar </a></li></ul></li></ol></div> <div class="ref-tooltip"> <div class="ref_tooltip-content"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <aside class="article-aside">  <div class="dload-menu"> <div class="dload-pdf"> <a href="/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807&type=printable" id="downloadPdf" target="_blank">Download PDF</a> </div> <div data-js-tooltip-hover="trigger" class="dload-hover">  <ul class="dload-xml" data-js-tooltip-hover="target"> <li><a href="/plosone/article/citation?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807" id="downloadCitation">Citation</a></li> <li><a href="/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169807&type=manuscript" id="downloadXml">XML</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aside-container"> <div class="print-article" id="printArticle" data-js-tooltip-hover="trigger"> <a href="#" onclick="window.print(); return false;" class="preventDefault" id="printBrowser">Print</a> </div> <div class="share-article" id="shareArticle" data-js-tooltip-hover="trigger"> Share <ul data-js-tooltip-hover="target" class="share-options" id="share-options"> <li><a href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.plos.org%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0169807" id="shareReddit" target="_blank" title="Submit to Reddit"><img src="/resource/img/icon.reddit.16.png" width="16" height="16" alt="Reddit">Reddit</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.plos.org%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0169807&t=Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials" id="shareFacebook" target="_blank" title="Share on Facebook"><img src="/resource/img/icon.fb.16.png" width="16" height="16" alt="Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.plos.org%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0169807&title=Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials&summary=Checkout this article I found at PLOS" id="shareLinkedIn" target="_blank" title="Add to LinkedIn"><img src="/resource/img/icon.linkedin.16.png" width="16" height="16" alt="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.plos.org%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0169807" id="shareMendeley" target="_blank" title="Add to Mendeley"><img src="/resource/img/icon.mendeley.16.png" width="16" height="16" alt="Mendeley">Mendeley</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.plos.org%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0169807&text=%23PLOSONE%3A%20Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials" target="_blank" title="share on Twitter" id="twitter-share-link"><img src="/resource/img/icon.twtr.16.png" width="16" height="16" alt="Twitter">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="mailto:?subject=Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials&body=I%20thought%20you%20would%20find%20this%20article%20interesting.%20From%20PLOS ONE:%20https%3A%2F%2Fdx.plos.org%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0169807" id="shareEmail" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="Email"><img src="/resource/img/icon.email.16.png" width="16" height="16" alt="Email">Email</a></li> <script src="/resource/js/components/tweet140.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </ul> </div> </div>  <script src="https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/widget.js"></script> <a aria-label="Check for updates via CrossMark" data-target="crossmark"> <img alt="Check for updates via CrossMark" width="150" src="https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/logos/CROSSMARK_BW_horizontal.svg"> </a>  <div class="aside-container collections-aside-container"></div> <div class="skyscraper-container"> <div class="title">Advertisement</div>  <div class='advertisement' id='div-gpt-ad-1458247671871-1' style='width:160px; height:600px;'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1458247671871-1'); }); </script> </div> </div> <div class="subject-areas-container"> <h3>Subject Areas <div id="subjInfo">?</div> <div id="subjInfoText"> <p>For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click <a href="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus/blob/master/README.md" target="_blank" title="Link opens in new window">here</a>.</p> <span class="inline-intro">We want your feedback.</span> Do these Subject Areas make sense for this article? Click the target next to the incorrect Subject Area and let us know. Thanks for your help! </div> </h3> <ul id="subjectList"> <li> <a class="taxo-term" title="Search for articles about Stable coronary artery disease" href="/plosone/search?filterSubjects=Stable+coronary+artery+disease&filterJournals=PLoSONE&q=">Stable coronary artery disease</a> <span class="taxo-flag"> </span> <div class="taxo-tooltip" data-categoryname="Stable coronary artery disease"><p class="taxo-explain">Is the Subject Area <strong>"Stable coronary artery disease"</strong> applicable to this article? <button id="noFlag" data-action="remove">Yes</button> <button id="flagIt" value="flagno" data-action="add">No</button></p> <p class="taxo-confirm">Thanks for your feedback.</p> </div> </li> <li> <a class="taxo-term" title="Search for articles about Hospitals" href="/plosone/search?filterSubjects=Hospitals&filterJournals=PLoSONE&q=">Hospitals</a> <span class="taxo-flag"> </span> <div class="taxo-tooltip" data-categoryname="Hospitals"><p class="taxo-explain">Is the Subject Area <strong>"Hospitals"</strong> applicable to this article? <button id="noFlag" data-action="remove">Yes</button> <button id="flagIt" value="flagno" data-action="add">No</button></p> <p class="taxo-confirm">Thanks for your feedback.</p> </div> </li> <li> <a class="taxo-term" title="Search for articles about Coronary angioplasty" href="/plosone/search?filterSubjects=Coronary+angioplasty&filterJournals=PLoSONE&q=">Coronary angioplasty</a> <span class="taxo-flag"> </span> <div class="taxo-tooltip" data-categoryname="Coronary angioplasty"><p class="taxo-explain">Is the Subject Area <strong>"Coronary angioplasty"</strong> applicable to this article? <button id="noFlag" data-action="remove">Yes</button> <button id="flagIt" value="flagno" data-action="add">No</button></p> <p class="taxo-confirm">Thanks for your feedback.</p> </div> </li> <li> <a class="taxo-term" title="Search for articles about Myocardial infarction" href="/plosone/search?filterSubjects=Myocardial+infarction&filterJournals=PLoSONE&q=">Myocardial infarction</a> <span class="taxo-flag"> </span> <div class="taxo-tooltip" data-categoryname="Myocardial infarction"><p class="taxo-explain">Is the Subject Area <strong>"Myocardial infarction"</strong> applicable to this article? <button id="noFlag" data-action="remove">Yes</button> <button id="flagIt" value="flagno" data-action="add">No</button></p> <p class="taxo-confirm">Thanks for your feedback.</p> </div> </li> <li> <a class="taxo-term" title="Search for articles about Randomized controlled trials" href="/plosone/search?filterSubjects=Randomized+controlled+trials&filterJournals=PLoSONE&q=">Randomized controlled trials</a> <span class="taxo-flag"> </span> <div class="taxo-tooltip" data-categoryname="Randomized controlled trials"><p class="taxo-explain">Is the Subject Area <strong>"Randomized controlled trials"</strong> applicable to this article? <button id="noFlag" data-action="remove">Yes</button> <button id="flagIt" value="flagno" data-action="add">No</button></p> <p class="taxo-confirm">Thanks for your feedback.</p> </div> </li> <li> <a class="taxo-term" title="Search for articles about Database searching" href="/plosone/search?filterSubjects=Database+searching&filterJournals=PLoSONE&q=">Database searching</a> <span class="taxo-flag"> </span> <div class="taxo-tooltip" data-categoryname="Database searching"><p class="taxo-explain">Is the Subject Area <strong>"Database searching"</strong> applicable to this article? <button id="noFlag" data-action="remove">Yes</button> <button id="flagIt" value="flagno" data-action="add">No</button></p> <p class="taxo-confirm">Thanks for your feedback.</p> </div> </li> <li> <a class="taxo-term" title="Search for articles about Metaanalysis" href="/plosone/search?filterSubjects=Metaanalysis&filterJournals=PLoSONE&q=">Metaanalysis</a> <span class="taxo-flag"> </span> <div class="taxo-tooltip" data-categoryname="Metaanalysis"><p class="taxo-explain">Is the Subject Area <strong>"Metaanalysis"</strong> applicable to this article? <button id="noFlag" data-action="remove">Yes</button> <button id="flagIt" value="flagno" data-action="add">No</button></p> <p class="taxo-confirm">Thanks for your feedback.</p> </div> </li> <li> <a class="taxo-term" title="Search for articles about Hemorrhage" href="/plosone/search?filterSubjects=Hemorrhage&filterJournals=PLoSONE&q=">Hemorrhage</a> <span class="taxo-flag"> </span> <div class="taxo-tooltip" data-categoryname="Hemorrhage"><p class="taxo-explain">Is the Subject Area <strong>"Hemorrhage"</strong> applicable to this article? <button id="noFlag" data-action="remove">Yes</button> <button id="flagIt" value="flagno" data-action="add">No</button></p> <p class="taxo-confirm">Thanks for your feedback.</p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="subjectErrors"></div> </aside> </div> </main> <footer id="pageftr"> <div class="row"> <div class="block x-small"> <ul class="nav nav-secondary"> <li class="ftr-header"><a href="https://plos.org/publications/journals/">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/plosbiology/" id="ftr-bio">PLOS Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/climate/" id="ftr-climate">PLOS Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/complexsystems/" id="ftr-complex-systems">PLOS Complex Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/ploscompbiol/" id="ftr-compbio">PLOS Computational Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/digitalhealth/" id="ftr-digitalhealth">PLOS Digital Health</a></li> <li><a href="/plosgenetics/" id="ftr-gen">PLOS Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/globalpublichealth/" id="ftr-globalpublichealth">PLOS Global Public Health</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="block x-small"> <ul class="nav nav-secondary"> <li class="ftr-header"> </li> <li><a href="/plosmedicine/" id="ftr-med">PLOS Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/mentalhealth/" id="ftr-mental-health">PLOS Mental Health</a></li> <li><a href="/plosntds/" id="ftr-ntds">PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/plosone/" id="ftr-one">PLOS ONE</a></li> <li><a href="/plospathogens/" id="ftr-path">PLOS Pathogens</a></li> <li><a href="/sustainabilitytransformation/" id="ftr-sustainabilitytransformation">PLOS Sustainability and Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/water/" id="ftr-water">PLOS Water</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="block xx-small"> <ul class="nav nav-tertiary"> <li> <a href="https://plos.org" id="ftr-home">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.plos.org" id="ftr-blog">Blogs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://collections.plos.org/" id="ftr-collections">Collections</a> </li> <li> <a href="mailto:webmaster@plos.org" id="ftr-feedback">Give feedback</a> </li> <li> <a href="/plosone/lockss-manifest" id="ftr-lockss">LOCKSS</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="block xx-small"> <ul class="nav nav-primary"> <li><a href="https://plos.org/privacy-policy" id="ftr-privacy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://plos.org/terms-of-use" id="ftr-terms">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://plos.org/advertise/" id="ftr-advertise">Advertise</a></li> <li><a href="https://plos.org/media-inquiries" id="ftr-media">Media Inquiries</a></li> <li><a href="https://plos.org/contact" id="ftr-contact">Contact</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <p> <img src="/resource/img/logo-plos-footer.png" alt="PLOS" class="logo-footer"/> <span class="footer-non-profit-statement">PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US</span> </p> <div class="block"> </div> </div> <script src="/resource/js/global.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var ArticleData = { doi: '10.1371/journal.pone.0169807', title: '<article-title xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Same Day Discharge versus Overnight Stay in the Hospital following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials<\/article-title>', date: 'Jan 09, 2017' }; </script> <script src="/resource/js/components/show_onscroll.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/components/pagination.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/spin.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/pages/article.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/pages/article_references.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/pages/article_sidebar.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/foundation/foundation.dropdown.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/components/table_open.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/components/figshare.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/jquery.panzoom.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/vendor/jquery.mousewheel.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/components/lightbox.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/resource/js/pages/article_body.js" type="text/javascript"></script>    <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ "HTML-CSS": { scale: 100, availableFonts: ["STIX","TeX"], preferredFont: "STIX", webFont: "STIX-Web", linebreaks: { automatic: false } }, jax: ["input/MathML", "output/HTML-CSS"] }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=MML_HTMLorMML"></script> <div class="reveal-modal-bg"></div> </body> </html>