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Saadaval 60 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="استبداد – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استبداد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotismu" title="Despotismu – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Despotismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotizm" title="Despotizm – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Despotizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="دسپوتیزم – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دسپوتیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotisme" title="Despotisme – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Despotisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotisme" title="Despotisme – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Despotisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дэспатызм – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэспатызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Деспотизъм – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Деспотизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Деспотизм – burjaadi" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Деспотизм" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotisme" title="Despotisme – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Despotisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despocie" title="Despocie – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Despocie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despoti" title="Despoti – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Despoti" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotie" title="Despotie – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Despotie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Δεσποτισμός – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεσποτισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Despotism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotismo" title="Despotismo – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Despotismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotismo" title="Despotismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Despotismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotismo" title="Despotismo – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Despotismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="خودکامگی – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خودکامگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotisme" title="Despotisme – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Despotisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotismo" title="Despotismo – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Despotismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%A0%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="전제주의 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전제주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բռնապետություն – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բռնապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotizam" title="Despotizam – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Despotizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotismo" title="Despotismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Despotismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har%C3%B0stj%C3%B3rn" title="Harðstjórn – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Harðstjórn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A5" title="עריץ – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עריץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="დესპოტიზმი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დესპოტიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Деспотизм – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Деспотизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Деспотизм – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Деспотизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despot%C3%AEzm" title="Despotîzm – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Despotîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotisms" title="Despotisms – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Despotisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispotism" title="Dispotism – lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Dispotism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotizmus" title="Despotizmus – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Despotizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Деспотизам – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Деспотизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="დესპოტიზმი – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დესპოტიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Деспотизм – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Деспотизм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotisme" title="Despotisme – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Despotisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E8%A3%81%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="独裁主義 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="独裁主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despoti" title="Despoti – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Despoti" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotisme" title="Despotisme – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Despotisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustabidlik" title="Mustabidlik – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mustabidlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%80" title="ਧੱਕੇਸ਼ਾਹੀ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧੱਕੇਸ਼ਾਹੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchia_despotyczna" title="Monarchia despotyczna – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Monarchia despotyczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotismo" title="Despotismo – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Despotismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Despotism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Деспотизм – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Деспотизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotizmi" title="Despotizmi – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Despotizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Despotism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotizmus" title="Despotizmus – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Despotizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotizem" title="Despotizem – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Despotizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Деспотизам – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Деспотизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotizam" title="Despotizam – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Despotizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotismi" title="Despotismi – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Despotismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Despotism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94" title="ระบบใช้อำนาจเด็ดขาด – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบใช้อำนาจเด็ดขาด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%BF_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_chuy%C3%AAn_quy%E1%BB%81n_(despotism)" title="Chế độ chuyên quyền (despotism) – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chế độ chuyên quyền (despotism)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotizm" title="Despotizm – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Despotizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Деспотизм – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Деспотизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%88%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="专制主义 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="专制主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179352#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739652">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%;color:var(--color-base)!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-nowraplinks a{white-space:nowrap}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title{background:transparent!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-nowraplinks" style="; width:10em;"><tbody><tr> <th class="sidebar-title" style=""><a href="/wiki/Valitsemisvorm" title="Valitsemisvorm">Valitsemisvormid</a></th> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarhia" title="Anarhia">Anarhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristokraatia" title="Aristokraatia">Aristokraatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autokraatia" title="Autokraatia">Autokraatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoritarism" title="Autoritarism">Autoritarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demokraatia" title="Demokraatia">Demokraatia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Despootia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diktatuur" title="Diktatuur">Diktatuur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodalism" title="Feodalism">Feodalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontokraatia" title="Gerontokraatia">Gerontokraatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritokraatia" title="Meritokraatia">Meritokraatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarhia" title="Monarhia">Monarhia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absoluutne_monarhia" class="mw-redirect" title="Absoluutne monarhia">Absoluutne monarhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstitutsiooniline_monarhia" title="Konstitutsiooniline monarhia">Konstitutsiooniline monarhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlamentaarne_monarhia" title="Parlamentaarne monarhia">Parlamentaarne monarhia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlokraatia" title="Ohlokraatia">Ohlokraatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarhia" title="Oligarhia">Oligarhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarhaat" title="Patriarhaat">Patriarhaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarhaat" title="Matriarhaat">Matriarhaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutokraatia" title="Plutokraatia">Plutokraatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotsialistlik_riik" title="Sotsialistlik riik">Sotsialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotsiokraatia" title="Sotsiokraatia">Sotsiokraatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehnokraatia" title="Tehnokraatia">Tehnokraatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teokraatia" title="Teokraatia">Teokraatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarism" title="Totalitarism">Totalitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrannia" class="mw-redirect" title="Türannia">Türannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vabariik" title="Vabariik">Vabariik</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <td class="sidebar-navbar" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6347537">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{margin:0;display:inline-block;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:-0.125em;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .navbar li:not(:last-child):after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbar.mini li abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}</style><div class="navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Valitsusvormid" title="Mall:Valitsusvormid"><abbr title="Vaata seda malli">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Eri:EditPage/Mall:Valitsusvormid" title="Eri:EditPage/Mall:Valitsusvormid"><abbr title="Redigeeri seda malli">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div> <p><b>Despootia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vanakreeka_keel" title="Vanakreeka keel">vanakreeka keeles</a> δεσποτία (<i>despotía</i>) sõnast δεσπότης (<i>despótes</i>) 'valitseja') on valitsusvorm, mille puhul üksainus <a href="/wiki/Autoriteet" title="Autoriteet">autoriteet</a> – kas üksikisik (vt <a href="/wiki/Autokraatia" title="Autokraatia">autokraatia</a>) või omavahel seotud rühm inimesi (vt <a href="/wiki/Oligarhia" title="Oligarhia">oligarhia</a>) – omab riigis absoluutset poliitilist võimu. </p><p>Klassikaliselt on despootia riik, kus üks isik kasutab ja käsutab kõike ja kõiki ning ülejäänud inimesed on tema orjad. Seda tüüpi despootia oli esimese tsivilisatsioonina <a href="/wiki/Egiptus" title="Egiptus">Egiptuses</a>, kus valitses <a href="/wiki/Vaarao" title="Vaarao">Vaarao</a> kui näide klassikalisest despoodist. Paljude <a href="/wiki/Kolmas_Maailm" title="Kolmas Maailm">Kolmanda Maailma</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islami</a> riikide valitsusvorm võib isegi tänapäeval sarnaneda klassikalise despootiaga. </p><p>Tänapäeval eeldatakse, et despootias otsustatakse <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrann" title="Türann">türanlikult</a>. Despootia oli kasutusel <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCtsantsi_keisririik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bütsantsi keisririik">Bütsantsi keisririigis</a>. Kuid võib esineda ka lahke või valgustatud despootia, mille näiteks oli <a href="/wiki/18._sajand" title="18. sajand">18. sajandi</a> <a href="/wiki/Euroopa" title="Euroopa">Euroopa</a>, kus <a href="/wiki/Absoluutne_monarhia" class="mw-redirect" title="Absoluutne monarhia">absoluutne monarh</a> kasutas oma võimu selleks, et teostada <a href="/wiki/Reform" title="Reform">reforme</a> oma riigis. </p><p>Despootia kujunes välja <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Chiskond" title="Ühiskond">ühiskondades</a>, kus oli võimalik ellu jääda ainult tsentraliseeritud <a href="/wiki/Kommunikatsioon" title="Kommunikatsioon">kommunikatsioonide</a> kaudu, näiteks kunstniisutuspiirkondades. <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5llumajandus" title="Põllumajandus">Põllumajandus</a> eeldas kunstniisutust seal, kus kliima oli eriti kuiv: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4his-Ida" title="Lähis-Ida">Lähis-Ida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraan" title="Iraan">Iraan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraak" title="Iraak">Iraak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesopotaamia" title="Mesopotaamia">Mesopotaamia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Araabia_poolsaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Araabia poolsaar">Araabia poolsaar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kesk-Aasia" title="Kesk-Aasia">Kesk-Aasia</a>, mõned <a href="/wiki/Hiina" title="Hiina">Hiina</a> läänepoolsed alad. Kuna mitte keegi ei olnud suuteline kunstlikku niisutust üksinda rajama, tuli seda teha tsentraliseeritult. Valitseja, kes seni oli maad enda kontrolli alla hoidnud, võttis selle enese omandisse. Maast sai tsentraliseeritud riiklik omand. Despootia üks iseloomulik tunnus on selles, et valitseja, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrokraatia" title="Bürokraatia">bürokraatia</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Riik" title="Riik">riik</a> samastuvad. Valitseja otsustas, kuhu vett anda, kuhu mitte anda, temast sõltusid inimeste elud. Kui ta otsustas keerata kommunikatsioonikraanid kinni, surdi külade ja linnade kaupa lihtsalt <a href="/wiki/Janu" title="Janu">janusse</a>. See andis talle tohutu <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5im" title="Võim">võimu</a>. </p><p>XVIII sajandi keskel andis <a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a> despotismi mõistele teistlaadi sisu, kirjeldades sellega eriskummalist moodsat võimuvormi, kus valitsejad näevad palju vaeva, et võita alamate lojaalsust. See on ülalt alla toimiv võimuvorm, mille abil tagatakse alamate vabatahtlik allumine – valitsetavad on võimuga rahul ega hakka seetõttu ka vastu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Despootia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Despootia&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarhia" title="Anarhia">Anarhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanism" title="Sultanism">Sultanism</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Despootia&oldid=6052634">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Despootia&oldid=6052634</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Valitsemisvormid" title="Kategooria:Valitsemisvormid">Valitsemisvormid</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 13:13, 17. veebruar 2022.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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