CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <script>!function(t){function c(){c.q.push(arguments)}t.TeaAnalyticsObject="collectEvent",t.collectEvent||(c.q=c.q||[],t.collectEvent=c),t.collectEvent.l=+new Date}(window)</script> <script async src="https://sf1-scmcdn-tos.pstatp.com/goofy/log-sdk/collect/collect-autotrack-rangers.js"></script> <script>window.collectEvent("init",{app_id:237653,channel:"cn",log:!0,autotrack:!1}),window.collectEvent("start")</script> <head> <title>ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects</title><meta data-n-head="ssr" charset="utf-8"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-n-head="ssr" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><link data-n-head="ssr" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/b7c6f5f.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/efd6b38.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/ddde5d9.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/fe5b64d.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/ec5dd75.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/2c51229.js" as="script"><style data-vue-ssr-id="470cbfe5:0 420bee9c:0 8db25558:0 6dbc8edc:0 124c734a:0 4ac2ed24:0 ea11b02a:0 218bb65c:0 f64d22b0:0 764a5562:0 8d67171c:0 262e96d4:0">blockquote,body,button,code,dd,div,dl,dt,fieldset,form,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,input,legend,li,ol,p,pre,td,textarea,th,ul{padding:0;margin:0}abbr,acronym,fieldset,img{border:0}abbr,acronym{font-feature-settings:normal;font-variant:normal}address,caption,cite,code,dfn,em,th,var{font-weight:400;font-style:normal}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}img,input,select{vertical-align:middle}ol,ul{list-style:none}button{cursor:pointer}button,input,optgroup,option,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit}button:focus,input:focus{outline:0}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-weight:400;font-size:inherit}a,del,ins{text-decoration:none}a:link,a:visited{color:inherit}a:active,a:focus,a:hover{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.clearfix:after{content:".";display:block;height:0;clear:both;visibility:hidden}::-webkit-scrollbar{width:8px;height:12px}::-webkit-scrollbar-track{border-radius:5px;background-color:#fff}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:#ddd}html{font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,"PingFang SC","Microsoft YaHei","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:16px;word-spacing:1px;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;height:100%}body{min-width:1150px;min-height:100%;position:relative;background-color:#f4f3f4;box-sizing:border-box}.out-container{overflow:hidden;min-height:calc(100vh - 308px)}.container{width:1180px}.mx-auto{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.custom-button{width:120px;height:40px;background-color:#fff;border-radius:4px;border:1px solid #d7d7d7;color:#605e60;font-size:14px;text-align:center;line-height:40px;outline:0;cursor:pointer}.custom-button-red{background-color:#d60b0a;border:none;color:#fff}.custom-button:disabled{background-color:#eaeaea!important;color:#aeaeae!important;cursor:not-allowed}.shadow-xs{box-shadow:0 3px 12px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.shadow{box-shadow:0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.06)}.align-left{text-align:left}.align-right{text-align:right}.rotate-180{transform:rotate(180deg)}.vxe-table{color:#312f31!important;font-size:14px!important;border:0!important}.vxe-table .vxe-cell{padding:8px!important}.vxe-header--column .vxe-cell{padding:10px!important}.vxe-table--header-wrapper{background-color:#fff!important}.vxe-table--header{background-color:#f4f3f4}.vxe-header--row{font-size:14px;color:#312f31}.vxe-table--header-border-line{border-bottom:none}.vxe-header--column{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#eaeaea 0,#eaeaea 50%,transparent 0)!important;background-size:1px 6px!important;background-repeat:repeat-y!important}.vxe-header--column:last-child{background-image:none!important}.vxe-header--column{padding:0!important;height:40px!important}.vxe-body--column{padding:0!important;height:36px!important;background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#eaeaea 0,#eaeaea 50%,transparent 0)!important}.vxe-body--column,.vxe-body--column:last-child{background-size:1px 6px!important;background-repeat:repeat-y!important}.vxe-body--column:last-child{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0,#fff 50%,transparent 0)!important}.vxe-body--row{background-image:linear-gradient(90deg,#eaeaea 0,#eaeaea 50%,transparent 0)!important;background-size:6px 1px!important;background-repeat:repeat-x!important}.vxe-table--body{border-bottom:1px dashed #eaeaea!important}.vxe-table--border-line{border:none!important;position:relative!important;height:0!important;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg,#eaeaea 0,#eaeaea 50%,transparent 0)!important;background-size:6px 1px!important;background-repeat:repeat-x!important}.vxe-header--column .vxe-resizable.is--line:before{width:0!important}.vxe-table--header-border-line{border-bottom:none!important}.ant-pagination-jump-next .ant-pagination-item-container .ant-pagination-item-link-icon,.ant-pagination-jump-prev .ant-pagination-item-container .ant-pagination-item-link-icon{color:#d60b0a!important}.ant-pagination-options-quick-jumper input:focus,.ant-pagination-options-quick-jumper input:hover{outline:0!important;border:1px solid #f7cece!important}.ant-pagination-options-quick-jumper input:focus{box-shadow:none!important}.ant-input:focus,.ant-input:hover{border-color:#f7cece}.ant-input:focus{box-shadow:none}.vert-form .ant-form-explain{margin-top:2px;margin-bottom:-5px;position:absolute!important;top:-30px;right:0}.ant-form-item-label>label{color:#605e60}.ant-cascader-picker:focus .ant-cascader-input{border-color:#f7cece;border-right-width:1px!important;outline:0;box-shadow:none}.ant-cascader-input.ant-input{font-size:14px}.ant-message-notice-content{margin:auto;justify-content:center;background-color:#e9f2ff;width:349px;height:28px;border:1px solid #d4e5ff;color:#2c7dff;font-size:14px;visibility:hidden}.ant-message-error{background-color:#fae5e5;color:#d71312}.ant-message-error,.ant-message-success{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:349px;height:28px;padding:10px 16px;border-radius:4px;border:none;visibility:visible}.ant-message-success{background-color:#e9f2ff;color:#2c7dff}.ant-cascader-menu{width:50%;height:165px}.ant-form-vertical .ant-form-item{padding-bottom:0}.ant-cascader-menu-item{line-height:30px}.ant-cascader-menu-item:hover{background:#fafafa}.ant-message .anticon{margin-right:4px;font-size:17px;top:2px}input:-webkit-autofill,input:-webkit-autofill:active,input:-webkit-autofill:focus,input:-webkit-autofill:hover{-webkit-transition-delay:99999s;-webkit-transition:color 99999s ease-out,background-color 99999s ease-out}.header[data-v-eb1235ca]{height:60px;width:100vw;background-color:#fff;z-index:99;position:fixed;left:0;top:0}.hidden-box[data-v-eb1235ca]{height:60px;width:100%}.header-logo[data-v-eb1235ca]{float:left}.header-logo img[data-v-eb1235ca]{width:112px;height:35px;margin-top:12px}.header-nav[data-v-eb1235ca]{height:60px;float:left;margin-left:100px}.header-nav>ul>li[data-v-eb1235ca]{line-height:60px;float:left;position:relative}.header-nav>ul>li>a[data-v-eb1235ca],.header-nav>ul>li>span[data-v-eb1235ca]{display:inline-block;height:58px;line-height:58px;margin-right:68px;color:#666;font-size:16px}.header-nav>ul>li>span[data-v-eb1235ca]{cursor:pointer}.header-nav>ul>li>a[data-v-eb1235ca]:hover,.header-nav>ul>li>span[data-v-eb1235ca]:hover{color:#d60b0a}.header-nav-active>a[data-v-eb1235ca]{font-weight:550;border-bottom:2px solid #d60b0a}.header-nav-active>a[data-v-eb1235ca],.hover-class>a[data-v-eb1235ca],.hover-class>span[data-v-eb1235ca]{color:#d60b0a!important}.header-nav-active>a>span[data-v-eb1235ca]{position:absolute;display:inline-block;height:2px;border-radius:2px;background-color:#d60b0a;left:0;bottom:0}.header-subNav[data-v-eb1235ca]{position:absolute;left:0;top:64px;background-color:#fff;min-width:480px;padding:10px 0;border-radius:5px;z-index:10;transition:all .4s}.header-subNav>ul[data-v-eb1235ca]{position:relative;z-index:11}.header-subNav>ul>li[data-v-eb1235ca]{text-indent:16px;line-height:39px;position:relative;height:39px;color:#312f31;font-size:16px;font-weight:400}.header-subNav>ul>li[data-v-eb1235ca]:hover{background-color:#f4f3f4;color:#d60b0a;font-weight:500}.header-subNav-active[data-v-eb1235ca]{font-weight:700}.header-thirdNav-not-active[data-v-eb1235ca]{font-weight:400}.nav-icon[data-v-eb1235ca]{display:inline;transition:all .4s;width:12px;vertical-align:baseline;vertical-align:initial}.header-subNav>ul>li:hover .sub-icon[data-v-eb1235ca]{background:url(/_nuxt/img/arrow_right_blue.446fc54.svg);background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat}.header-subNav>ul>li:hover .sub-icon[data-v-eb1235ca],.sub-icon[data-v-eb1235ca]{float:right;width:12px;height:14px;margin-top:14px;margin-right:16px}.sub-icon[data-v-eb1235ca]{background:url(/_nuxt/img/arrow_right.bd434d6.svg);background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat}.nav-icon-active[data-v-eb1235ca]{transform:rotate(180deg)}.fade-enter-active[data-v-eb1235ca],.fade-leave-active[data-v-eb1235ca]{transition:opacity 0s}.fade-enter[data-v-eb1235ca],.fade-leave-to[data-v-eb1235ca]{opacity:0}.header-english[data-v-eb1235ca]{position:relative;float:right;height:60px;margin-right:100px}.header-english img[data-v-eb1235ca],.header-english span[data-v-eb1235ca]{cursor:pointer;line-height:60px}.lang-container[data-v-eb1235ca]{cursor:pointer;color:#666;font-size:14px}.lang-container a[data-v-eb1235ca]:hover{color:#d60b0a}.right-container[data-v-eb1235ca]{float:right}.content-title[data-v-c0442b64]{display:flex;align-items:center}.content-title h1[data-v-c0442b64]{font-size:32px;line-height:45px;color:#fff;margin-right:16px;font-weight:700}.container[data-v-c0442b64]{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px}.subject-container[data-v-c0442b64]{float:left;width:840px;background-color:#fff;overflow:hidden;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:20px}.subject-item[data-v-c0442b64]{padding:10px 15px 15px;margin-top:20px}.subject-category[data-v-c0442b64]{display:flex;font-size:16px;color:#312f31}.subject-category .subject-title[data-v-c0442b64]{font-weight:700}.subject-list[data-v-c0442b64]{margin-top:20px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:245px 245px 245px;grid-gap:20px 24px;font-size:14px;color:#373537}.subject-list div[data-v-c0442b64]{flex:25%}.content-side[data-v-c0442b64]{float:right;width:280px;margin-left:20px}.subj-link[data-v-c0442b64]:hover{color:#d60b0a;font-weight:500}.top-bar[data-v-dc658432]{position:relative;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100% 100%}.gradient-bar[data-v-dc658432]{position:absolute;width:100%;height:50px;background-image:linear-gradient(270deg,#fff,#fff);opacity:.05;pointer-events:none}.breadcrumb[data-v-4cfd2758]{overflow:hidden;display:flex;align-items:center;height:50px}.breadcrumb-item[data-v-4cfd2758]{white-space:nowrap;font-size:16px;color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.7);display:inline-block}.method-color[data-v-4cfd2758]{color:#605e60}.univ-detail[data-v-4cfd2758]{color:#8d8b8d;white-space:nowrap}.breadcrumb-icon[data-v-4cfd2758]{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:24px;height:12px;margin-right:5px;background-image:url(/_nuxt/img/arrow_right.bd434d6.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100% 100%}.breadcrumb-active[data-v-4cfd2758]{color:#d60b0a}.rank-select[data-v-24ba571f]{display:inline-block;border:1px solid #d7d7d7;border-radius:4px}.rank-select .inputWrapper[data-v-24ba571f]{width:100%;height:100%;position:relative}.rank-select .inputWrapper>input[data-v-24ba571f]{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;height:100%;padding-left:8px;padding-right:18px;border:none;cursor:pointer;color:#333;border-radius:4px}.rank-select .inputWrapper img[data-v-24ba571f]{position:absolute;right:5px;top:11px;width:10px}.rank-select .inputWrapper .transparent-bg[data-v-24ba571f]{background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.1);color:#fff}.rank-select .inputWrapper .head-bg[data-v-24ba571f]{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:#312f31;font-size:14px}.rank-select .inputWrapper .search-bg[data-v-24ba571f]{background-color:#fff;color:#8d8b8d;font-size:14px}.rank-select .inputWrapper .year-bg[data-v-24ba571f]{background-color:#fff;font-size:18px;padding-left:11px;color:#312f31}.rank-select .inputWrapper .spin-icon[data-v-24ba571f]{transform:rotate(180deg)}.rank-select.year-bg[data-v-24ba571f]{border:none}.rank-select.year-bg img[data-v-24ba571f]{right:13px}.rk-tooltip[data-v-24ba571f]{z-index:1}.rk-tooltip>.options[data-v-24ba571f]{margin-top:5px;padding:10px 0;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 0 6px #ddd;border-radius:5px;overflow:auto;max-height:300px;text-align:left}.rk-tooltip>.options>li[data-v-24ba571f]{padding:5px 10px;cursor:pointer;color:#605e60;white-space:nowrap;font-size:14px}.rk-tooltip>.options>li[data-v-24ba571f]:hover{background-color:#f5f7fa}.rk-tooltip .select-active[data-v-24ba571f]{color:#312f31!important;font-weight:700;background-color:#f5f4f5}.text-expansion[data-v-2b03d778]{width:880px;overflow:hidden;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.7)}.expansion-content[data-v-2b03d778]{overflow:hidden;position:relative;text-align:justify}.hidden-float[data-v-2b03d778]{visibility:hidden;float:right;clear:right;width:0}.open-button[data-v-2b03d778]{margin-top:12px;cursor:pointer;text-align:center;float:left;clear:right;margin-bottom:32px}.open-button img[data-v-2b03d778]{margin-left:5px;width:12px}.expansion-button[data-v-2b03d778]{text-align:center;float:left;clear:right;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:32px;cursor:pointer}.expansion-button img[data-v-2b03d778]{margin-left:5px;width:12px;transform:rotate(180deg)}.link-a[data-v-2b03d778]{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:underline}.rank-side-title[data-v-5723a7a9]{padding:2px 20px;border-left:5px solid #e21943;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;color:#333;margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:20px}.rank-side-list ul[data-v-5723a7a9]{background-color:#fff;color:#383638;font-size:14px;height:50px;border-radius:4px;padding-left:16px}.rank-side-list ul li[data-v-5723a7a9]{line-height:50px}.rank-side-list .link-sparrow[data-v-5723a7a9]{float:right;line-height:50px;width:22px}.rank-side-list .link-sparrow img[data-v-5723a7a9]{width:14px;margin-right:16px}.bcur-class[data-v-5723a7a9],.rank-side-list[data-v-5723a7a9]:not(:first-child){margin-top:20px}.rank-side-report[data-v-5723a7a9]{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:2px;cursor:pointer;position:relative}.rank-side-report .report-item[data-v-5723a7a9]{width:100%;height:128px;background-color:#cab8be;border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden}.rank-side-report .report-item img[data-v-5723a7a9]{width:77px;height:106px;float:left;margin:13px 10px 0}.rank-side-report .report-item .report-content[data-v-5723a7a9]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.rank-side-report .report-item .report-content .report-name[data-v-5723a7a9]{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-top:18px;color:#f5f4f5;font-size:16px}.rank-side-report .report-item .report-content .report-year[data-v-5723a7a9]{margin-top:5px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;height:18px;width:48px;border-radius:4px;border:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.6);font-size:12px;color:rgba(245,244,245,.9)}.rank-side-report .report-item .report-content .report-button[data-v-5723a7a9]{width:90px;height:24px;line-height:24px;border-radius:4px;color:#fff;text-align:center;display:inline-block;font-size:12px;color:#802820;background-color:#f5f4f5;margin-top:10px}.rank-divider[data-v-5723a7a9]{border-top:1px solid #d7d7d7}.report-cover[data-v-5723a7a9]{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;height:100%;width:100%;background-color:rgba(35,41,85,.7);text-align:center;filter:Alpha(opacity=70);color:#fff;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:1px;border-radius:4px}.report-cover img[data-v-5723a7a9]{width:90px;margin-right:10px;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;float:left;margin-top:19px;margin-left:10px}.report-cover span[data-v-5723a7a9]{display:block;margin-right:10px;margin-top:55px;font-size:14px}.tooltip[data-v-e16233fe]{position:relative;display:inline-block}.tooltip .link-container[data-v-e16233fe]{width:236.08px;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden}.tooltip .link-container a[data-v-e16233fe]{font-weight:700}.tooltip .link-container span[data-v-e16233fe]{float:right;line-height:50px;width:22px}.tooltip .link-container span img[data-v-e16233fe]{width:14px;margin-right:16px}.tooltip .link-container a[data-v-e16233fe]:hover{color:#d60b0a}.tooltip .tooltiptext[data-v-e16233fe]{visibility:hidden;background-color:#fff;color:#312f31;text-align:center;border-radius:4px;padding:5px;height:26px;line-height:26px;position:absolute;white-space:nowrap;z-index:99;left:-6.5%;top:111%}.tooltip:hover .tooltiptext[data-v-e16233fe]{visibility:visible}.footer[data-v-33e5855d]{background-color:#313135;width:100%}.footer .footer-top[data-v-33e5855d]{position:relative;height:188px;width:100%;display:flex}.footer .footer-top .top-container[data-v-33e5855d]{max-width:1180px;width:100%;margin:28px auto 0;position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.footer .footer-top .top-container ul li[data-v-33e5855d]:first-child{font-size:16px;color:#afafaf;font-weight:500}.footer .footer-top .top-container ul li[data-v-33e5855d]:not(:first-child){padding:6px 0;font-size:14px;color:#8e8c8e}.footer .footer-top .top-container ul li[data-v-33e5855d]:nth-child(2){margin-top:10px}.footer .footer-top .top-container ul li a[data-v-33e5855d]:hover{color:#d60b0a}.footer .footer-top .top-container ul:nth-child(3) li[data-v-33e5855d]:nth-child(2){margin-top:16px;position:relative}.footer .footer-top .top-container ul:nth-child(3) li:nth-child(2) input[data-v-33e5855d]{width:268px;height:16px;border-radius:4px;border:1px solid #8d8b8d;font-size:14px;color:#8e8c8e;padding:8px 0 8px 34px;background-color:transparent;background-image:url(/_nuxt/img/icon_search_hui.bfb0c0f.svg);background-size:14px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:13px 8.5px}.footer .footer-top .top-container ul:nth-child(3) li[data-v-33e5855d]:nth-child(3){margin-top:28px}.footer .footer-top .top-container ul:nth-child(3) li:nth-child(3) img[data-v-33e5855d]{cursor:pointer;width:28px;height:28px;margin-right:28px}.footer .footer-bottom[data-v-33e5855d]{height:60px;max-width:1180px;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;font-stretch:normal;color:#8e8c8e;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin:0 auto}.footer .footer-bottom a[data-v-33e5855d]:hover{color:#d60b0a}.bottom-line[data-v-33e5855d]{width:100%;height:1px;color:#605e60;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#605e60,#605e60 5px,transparent 0,transparent);background-size:1px 100%;opacity:.3;position:absolute;bottom:57px}.back-top[data-v-196db6eb]{position:fixed;background-color:#fff;width:46px;height:46px;border-radius:50%;color:#409eff;font-size:20px;box-shadow:0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12);cursor:pointer;right:30px;bottom:30px;text-align:center}.back-top img[data-v-196db6eb]{margin-top:10px;width:25px}</style><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/static/1732265363/rankings/gras/2024/state.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/static/1732265363/rankings/gras/2024/payload.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/static/1732265363/manifest.js" as="script"> </head> <body> <div data-server-rendered="true" id="__nuxt"><div id="__layout"><div><div data-v-eb1235ca><div class="header shadow" style="position:fixed" data-v-eb1235ca><div class="container mx-auto home-container" data-v-eb1235ca><div class="header-logo" data-v-eb1235ca><a href="/" class="nuxt-link-active" data-v-eb1235ca><img src="/_nuxt/img/logo.902480b.svg" alt="" data-v-eb1235ca></a></div> <div class="header-nav" data-v-eb1235ca><ul data-v-eb1235ca><li data-v-eb1235ca><a href="/" class="nuxt-link-active" data-v-eb1235ca> Home </a> <div class="header-subNav shadow-xs" style="display:none" data-v-eb1235ca data-v-eb1235ca><ul data-v-eb1235ca></ul></div></li><li data-v-eb1235ca><a href="/rankings" class="nuxt-link-active" data-v-eb1235ca> Rankings <img src="/icons/arrow_down.svg" alt="" class="nav-icon" data-v-eb1235ca></a> <div class="header-subNav shadow-xs" style="display:none" data-v-eb1235ca data-v-eb1235ca><ul data-v-eb1235ca><li data-v-eb1235ca><a href="/rankings/arwu/2024" data-v-eb1235ca> Academic Ranking of World Universities </a></li><li data-v-eb1235ca><a href="/rankings/gras/2024" aria-current="page" class="nuxt-link-exact-active nuxt-link-active" data-v-eb1235ca> Global Ranking of Academic Subjects </a></li><li data-v-eb1235ca><a href="/rankings/grsssd/2023" data-v-eb1235ca> Global Ranking of Sport Science Schools and Departments </a></li><li data-v-eb1235ca><a href="/rankings/bcur/2024" data-v-eb1235ca> Best Chinese Universities Ranking </a></li></ul></div></li><li data-v-eb1235ca><a href="/institution" data-v-eb1235ca> Universities </a> <div class="header-subNav shadow-xs" style="display:none" data-v-eb1235ca data-v-eb1235ca><ul data-v-eb1235ca></ul></div></li><li data-v-eb1235ca><a href="/news" data-v-eb1235ca> News <img src="/icons/arrow_down.svg" alt="" class="nav-icon" data-v-eb1235ca></a> <div class="header-subNav shadow-xs" style="min-width:200px;display:none" data-v-eb1235ca data-v-eb1235ca><ul data-v-eb1235ca><li data-v-eb1235ca><a href="/news/media-resource" data-v-eb1235ca> Media Resource </a></li></ul></div></li><li data-v-eb1235ca><a href="/rankings/gras/2024" aria-current="page" class="nuxt-link-exact-active nuxt-link-active" data-v-eb1235ca> Activities <img src="/icons/arrow_down.svg" alt="" class="nav-icon" data-v-eb1235ca></a> <div class="header-subNav shadow-xs" style="min-width:250px;display:none" data-v-eb1235ca data-v-eb1235ca><ul data-v-eb1235ca><li data-v-eb1235ca><a href="/activities/aes" data-v-eb1235ca> Academic Excellence Survey </a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div> <div class="header-english" data-v-eb1235ca><div class="lang-container" data-v-eb1235ca><span data-v-eb1235ca><a target="_blank" href="https://www.shanghairanking.cn/" data-v-eb1235ca>中文版</a></span></div></div></div></div> <div class="hidden-box" data-v-eb1235ca></div></div> <div class="out-container" data-v-c0442b64><div class="top-bar" style="background-image:url(/images/gras/gras_bg.jpg)" data-v-dc658432 data-v-c0442b64><div class="gradient-bar" data-v-dc658432></div> <div class="container mx-auto" data-v-dc658432><div id="breadcrumb" data-v-dc658432><div class="breadcrumb" data-v-4cfd2758 data-v-c0442b64><div class="breadcrumb-item" data-v-4cfd2758><a href="/rankings" class="nuxt-link-active" data-v-4cfd2758>Ranking</a></div> <div class="breadcrumb-icon" data-v-4cfd2758></div><div class="breadcrumb-item" data-v-4cfd2758><span data-v-4cfd2758>Global Ranking of Academic Subjects</span></div> <div class="breadcrumb-icon" style="display:none" data-v-4cfd2758></div></div></div> <div id="textexpansion" data-v-dc658432><div id="content" data-v-dc658432 data-v-c0442b64><div class="content-title" data-v-dc658432 data-v-c0442b64><h1 data-v-dc658432 data-v-c0442b64>Global Ranking of Academic Subjects</h1> <div class="rank-select year-bg" style="width:91px;height:32px" data-v-24ba571f data-v-c0442b64><div class="inputWrapper" data-v-24ba571f><input readonly placeholder="" value="2024" class="year-bg" data-v-24ba571f> <img src="" alt class="nav-icon" style="right:5px;top:11px;width:10px" data-v-24ba571f></div> <div class="rk-tooltip" style="min-width:91px;display:none" data-v-24ba571f><ul class="options" data-v-24ba571f><li data-v-24ba571f>2024</li><li data-v-24ba571f>2023</li><li data-v-24ba571f>2022</li><li data-v-24ba571f>2021</li><li data-v-24ba571f>2020</li><li data-v-24ba571f>2019</li><li data-v-24ba571f>2018</li><li data-v-24ba571f>2017</li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="content-text" data-v-dc658432 data-v-c0442b64><div class="text-expansion" data-v-2b03d778 data-v-c0442b64><div class="expansion-content" style="height:44px;cursor:pointer" data-v-2b03d778><div class="hidden-float" data-v-2b03d778> . </div> ShanghaiRanking began to publish world university ranking by academic subjects in 2009. By introducing improved methodology, the Global Ranking of Academic Subjects (GRAS) was first published in 2017. The 2024 GRAS contains rankings of universities in 55 subjects across Natural Sciences, Engineering, Life Sciences, Medical Sciences, and Social Sciences. More than 1,900 out of 5,000 universities across 96 countries and regions are finally listed in the rankings. The GRAS rankings use a range of objective academic indicators and third-party data to measure the performance of world universities in respective subjects, covering in 5 major evaluation categories such as World-Class Faculty, World-Class Output, High Quality Research, Research Impact and International Collaboration. The index of international academic awards is based on Academic Excellence Survey (AES) conducted by ShanghaiRanking.<span data-v-2b03d778>(<span class="link-a" data-v-2b03d778>Methodology</span>)</span></div> <div class="open-button" data-v-2b03d778> Read More<img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt data-v-2b03d778></div> <div class="expansion-button" style="display:none" data-v-2b03d778> Read Less<img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt data-v-2b03d778></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="container mx-auto" data-v-c0442b64><div class="subject-container" data-v-c0442b64><div id="RS01" class="subject-item" data-v-c0442b64><div class="subject-category" data-v-c0442b64><div class="subject-title" data-v-c0442b64>Natural Sciences</div></div> <div class="subject-list" data-v-c0442b64><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0101" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Mathematics</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0102" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Physics</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0103" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Chemistry</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0104" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Earth Sciences</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0105" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Geography</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0106" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Ecology</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0107" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Oceanography</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0108" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Atmospheric Science</span></a></div></div></div><div id="RS02" class="subject-item" data-v-c0442b64><div class="subject-category" data-v-c0442b64><div class="subject-title" data-v-c0442b64>Engineering </div></div> <div class="subject-list" data-v-c0442b64><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0201" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Mechanical Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0202" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Electrical & Electronic Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0205" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Automation & Control</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0206" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Telecommunication Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0207" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Instruments Science & Technology</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0208" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Biomedical Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0210" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Computer Science & Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0211" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Civil Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0212" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Chemical Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0213" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Materials Science & Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0214" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Nanoscience & Nanotechnology</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0215" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Energy Science & Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0216" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Environmental Science & Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0217" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Water Resources</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0219" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Food Science & Technology</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0220" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Biotechnology</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0221" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Aerospace Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0222" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Marine/Ocean Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0223" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Transportation Science & Technology</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0224" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Remote Sensing</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0226" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Mining & Mineral Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0227" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Metallurgical Engineering</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0228" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Textile Science & Engineering</span></a></div></div></div><div id="RS03" class="subject-item" data-v-c0442b64><div class="subject-category" data-v-c0442b64><div class="subject-title" data-v-c0442b64>Life Sciences</div></div> <div class="subject-list" data-v-c0442b64><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0301" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Biological Sciences</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0302" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Human Biological Sciences</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0303" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Agricultural Sciences</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0304" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Veterinary Sciences</span></a></div></div></div><div id="RS04" class="subject-item" data-v-c0442b64><div class="subject-category" data-v-c0442b64><div class="subject-title" data-v-c0442b64>Medical Sciences</div></div> <div class="subject-list" data-v-c0442b64><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0401" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Clinical Medicine</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0402" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Public Health</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0403" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Dentistry & Oral Sciences</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0404" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Nursing</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0405" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Medical Technology</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0406" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences</span></a></div></div></div><div id="RS05" class="subject-item" data-v-c0442b64><div class="subject-category" data-v-c0442b64><div class="subject-title" data-v-c0442b64>Social Sciences </div></div> <div class="subject-list" data-v-c0442b64><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0501" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Economics</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0502" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Statistics</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0503" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Law</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0504" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Political Sciences</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0505" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Sociology</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0506" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Education</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0507" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Communication</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0508" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Psychology</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0509" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Business Administration</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0510" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Finance</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0511" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Management</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0512" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Public Administration</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0513" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Hospitality & Tourism Management</span></a></div><div data-v-c0442b64><a href="/rankings/gras/2024/RS0515" class="subj-link" data-v-c0442b64><span data-v-c0442b64>Library & Information Science</span></a></div></div></div></div> <div class="content-side" data-v-c0442b64><div id="rank-side" data-v-5723a7a9 data-v-c0442b64> <div class="rank-side-list" data-v-5723a7a9><ul data-v-5723a7a9><li data-v-5723a7a9><div class="tooltip" data-v-e16233fe data-v-5723a7a9><div class="link-container" data-v-e16233fe><a href="/methodology/gras/2024" data-v-e16233fe>Methodology-Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2024</a></div> </div> <span class="link-sparrow" data-v-5723a7a9><img src="/_nuxt/img/arrow_right.bd434d6.svg" alt data-v-5723a7a9></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="footer" data-v-33e5855d><div class="footer-top" data-v-33e5855d><div class="top-container" data-v-33e5855d><ul data-v-33e5855d><li data-v-33e5855d>Rankings</li> <li data-v-33e5855d><a href="/rankings/arwu/2024" data-v-33e5855d>Academic Ranking of World Universities</a></li> <li data-v-33e5855d><a href="/rankings/gras/2024" aria-current="page" class="nuxt-link-exact-active nuxt-link-active" data-v-33e5855d>Global Ranking of Academic Subjects</a></li> <li data-v-33e5855d><a href="/rankings/grsssd/2023" data-v-33e5855d>Global Ranking of Sport Science Schools and Departments</a></li> <li data-v-33e5855d><a href="/rankings/bcur/2024" data-v-33e5855d>Best Chinese Universities Ranking</a></li></ul> <ul data-v-33e5855d><li data-v-33e5855d>About</li> <li data-v-33e5855d><a href="/about-arwu" data-v-33e5855d>About ARWU</a></li> <li data-v-33e5855d><a href="/advisory-board" data-v-33e5855d>International Advisory Board</a></li></ul> <ul data-v-33e5855d><li data-v-33e5855d>Search for a university</li> <li class="input-container" data-v-33e5855d><input autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search for a university" data-v-33e5855d></li> <li data-v-33e5855d><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="facebook" data-v-33e5855d> <img src="/_nuxt/img/icon_twitter.3d6dd4a.svg" alt="twitter" data-v-33e5855d></li></ul></div></div> <div class="bottom-line" data-v-33e5855d></div> <div class="footer-bottom" data-v-33e5855d><div data-v-33e5855d><a href="/contact-us" data-v-33e5855d>Contact Us</a> <a href="/privacy" style="margin-left:32px" data-v-33e5855d>Privacy Statement</a></div> <div data-v-33e5855d><span style="margin-right:32px" data-v-33e5855d>Copyright © 2024 ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. All Rights Reserved.</span> <a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" data-v-33e5855d><span data-v-33e5855d>沪 ICP 14047616-2</span></a></div></div></div> </div></div></div><script defer src="/_nuxt/static/1732265363/rankings/gras/2024/state.js"></script><script src="/_nuxt/b7c6f5f.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/ec5dd75.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/2c51229.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/efd6b38.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/ddde5d9.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/fe5b64d.js" defer></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?1622f2cabfbc976ec3635c8998b71c72" data-body="true" async defer></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-18427660-5" data-body="true" async defer></script> </body> </html>