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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantium_after_the_First_crusade.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Byzantium_after_the_First_crusade.PNG/300px-Byzantium_after_the_First_crusade.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Byzantium_after_the_First_crusade.PNG/450px-Byzantium_after_the_First_crusade.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Byzantium_after_the_First_crusade.PNG 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Route of the First Crusade through Asia</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> march down the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> coast</b>, from <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch" title="Siege of Antioch">recently taken Antioch</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, started on 13 January 1099. During the march the Crusaders encountered little resistance, as local rulers preferred to make peace with them and furnish them with supplies rather than fight, with a notable exception of the aborted siege of Arqa.<sup id="cite_ref-Tyerman150_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyerman150-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 June, the Crusaders reached Jerusalem, which had been recaptured from the <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Fatimids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimids">Fatimids</a> only the year before.<sup id="cite_ref-Tyerman153_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyerman153-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_from_Antioch_to_Jerusalem_during_the_First_Crusade&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the successful <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch" title="Siege of Antioch">Siege of Antioch</a> in June 1098, the Crusaders remained in the area for the rest of the year. The <a href="/wiki/Papal_legate" title="Papal legate">papal legate</a> <a href="/wiki/Adhemar_of_Le_Puy" title="Adhemar of Le Puy">Adhemar of Le Puy</a> had died, and <a href="/wiki/Bohemund_I_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohemund I of Antioch">Bohemund of Taranto</a> had claimed <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> for himself. <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin of Boulogne</a> remained in <a href="/wiki/Edessa,_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Edessa, Mesopotamia">Edessa</a>, captured earlier in 1098. There was dissent among the princes what to do next. <a href="/wiki/Raymond_IV_of_Toulouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond IV of Toulouse">Raymond of Toulouse</a>, frustrated, left Antioch, and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Maarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Maarat">captured the fortress of Maarat</a>. By the end of the year the minor knights and infantry were threatening to march to Jerusalem without the princes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="March_to_Jerusalem">March to Jerusalem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_from_Antioch_to_Jerusalem_during_the_First_Crusade&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: March to Jerusalem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the end of December or early in January, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curthose" title="Robert Curthose">Robert of Normandy</a> and Bohemond's nephew <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee" title="Tancred, Prince of Galilee">Tancred</a> agreed to become vassals of Raymond, who was wealthy enough to compensate them for their service. <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon" title="Godfrey of Bouillon">Godfrey of Bouillon</a>, however, who now had revenue from his brother's territories in Edessa, refused to do the same. On 5 January, Raymond dismantled the walls of Maarat. On 13 January he began the march south to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, barefoot and dressed as a pilgrim, followed by Robert and Tancred and their respective armies. Proceeding south along the coast, they encountered little resistance. </p><p>Raymond planned to take <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli</a> for himself to set up a state equivalent to Bohemond's Antioch. First however, he besieged nearby <a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a>. Meanwhile, Godfrey, along with <a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert II of Flanders">Robert of Flanders</a>, who had also refused vassalage to Raymond, joined with the remaining Crusaders at <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a> and marched south in February. Bohemond had originally marched out with them but quickly returned to Antioch in order to consolidate his rule against the advancing <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>. At this time, Tancred left Raymond's service and joined with Godfrey, due to some unknown quarrel. Another separate force, though linked to Godfrey's, was led by <a href="/wiki/Gaston_IV_of_B%C3%A9arn" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaston IV of Béarn">Gaston IV of Béarn</a>. </p><p>Godfrey, Robert, Tancred, and Gaston arrived at Arqa in March, but the siege continued. <a href="/wiki/Pons_of_Balazun" title="Pons of Balazun">Pons of Balazun</a> died, struck by a stone missile. The situation was tense not only among the military leaders, but also among the clergy. Since Adhemar's death there had been no real leader of the crusade, and ever since the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">Holy Lance</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bartholomew" title="Peter Bartholomew">Peter Bartholomew</a> in Antioch, there had been accusations of fraud among the clerical factions. Finally, in April, <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Chocques" title="Arnulf of Chocques">Arnulf of Chocques</a> challenged Peter to an <a href="/wiki/Trial_by_ordeal" title="Trial by ordeal">ordeal by fire</a>. Peter underwent the ordeal and died after days of agony from his wounds, which discredited the Holy Lance as a fake. This also undermined Raymond's authority over the Crusade, as he was the main proponent of its authenticity. </p><p>The siege of Arqa lasted until 13 May, when the Crusaders left having captured nothing. The <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimids</a>, the Egyptians who ruled over Jerusalem, had attempted to make a deal with the Crusaders, promising freedom of passage to any pilgrims to the Holy Land on the condition that the Crusaders not advance into their domains, but this deal was rejected. <a href="/wiki/Iftikhar_ad-Daula" class="mw-redirect" title="Iftikhar ad-Daula">Iftikhar ad-Daula</a>, the Fatimid governor of Jerusalem, was aware of the Crusaders' intentions. Therefore, he expelled all of Jerusalem's Christian inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-madden_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also poisoned most of the wells in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-madden_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madden-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 May the Crusaders came to Tripoli, where the <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a> there, <a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Mulk_Abu%27l_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal al-Mulk Abu'l Hasan">Jalal al-Mulk Abu'l Hasan</a>, provided the crusader army with horses.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the anonymous chronicle <i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Francorum" title="Gesta Francorum">Gesta Francorum</a></i>, he also vowed to convert to Christianity if the Crusaders defeated the Fatimids. Continuing south along the coast, the Crusaders passed <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> on 19 May and <a href="/wiki/Tyre_(Lebanon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyre (Lebanon)">Tyre</a> on 23 May. Turning inland at <a href="/wiki/Jaffa,_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaffa, Israel">Jaffa</a>, on 3 June they reached <a href="/wiki/Ramlah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramlah">Ramlah</a>, which had been abandoned by its inhabitants. The bishopric of Ramlah-<a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lydda</a> was established there at the church of <a href="/wiki/St._George" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George">St. George</a> (a popular crusader hero) before they continued on to Jerusalem. On 6 June, Godfrey sent Tancred and Gaston to capture <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, where Tancred flew his banner over the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity" title="Church of the Nativity">Church of the Nativity</a>. </p><p>On 7 June, the Crusaders reached Jerusalem and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">besieged the city</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tyerman153_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyerman153-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_from_Antioch_to_Jerusalem_during_the_First_Crusade&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTyerman2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tyerman" title="Christopher Tyerman">Tyerman, Christopher</a> (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godswarnewhistor00tyer"><i>God's War: A New History of the Crusades</i></a></span>. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-02387-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-02387-0"><bdi>0-674-02387-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+War%3A+A+New+History+of+the+Crusades&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-674-02387-0&rft.aulast=Tyerman&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodswarnewhistor00tyer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarch+from+Antioch+to+Jerusalem+during+the+First+Crusade" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_from_Antioch_to_Jerusalem_during_the_First_Crusade&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tyerman150-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tyerman150_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTyerman2006">Tyerman 2006</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tyerman153-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tyerman153_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tyerman153_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTyerman2006">Tyerman 2006</a>, pp. 153–157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-madden-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-madden_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madden_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Madden, Thomas F. <i>The New Concise History of the Crusades</i> page 33 (Rowman & Littlefield Pub., Inc., 2005). The <i>Syriac Chronicle to 1234</i> is one source claiming that Christians were expelled from Jerusalem before the Crusaders' arrival. "The First and Second Crusades from an Anonymous Syriac Chronicle." Trans. A.S. Tritton. <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>, 1933, p. 73. Presumabaly this was done to prevent their collusion with the Crusaders.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman1951–1952" class="citation book cs1">Runciman, Steven (1951–1952). <i>A History of the Crusades I: The First Crusade</i>. Penguin Classics. p. 227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-141-98550-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-141-98550-3"><bdi>978-0-141-98550-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Crusades+I%3A+The+First+Crusade&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=Penguin+Classics&rft.date=1951%2F1952&rft.isbn=978-0-141-98550-3&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarch+from+Antioch+to+Jerusalem+during+the+First+Crusade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March_from_Antioch_to_Jerusalem_during_the_First_Crusade&oldid=1215542404">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March_from_Antioch_to_Jerusalem_during_the_First_Crusade&oldid=1215542404</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1099_in_Asia" title="Category:1099 in Asia">1099 in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Crusade" title="Category:First Crusade">First Crusade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_Antioch" title="Category:Medieval Antioch">Medieval Antioch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:11th_century_in_Jerusalem" title="Category:11th century in Jerusalem">11th century in Jerusalem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_marching" title="Category:Military marching">Military marching</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 March 2024, at 19:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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