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<li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_demise_of_Monolith_(ml.org)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_demise_of_Monolith_(ml.org)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The demise of Monolith (ml.org)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_demise_of_Monolith_(ml.org)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relaunch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relaunch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Relaunch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relaunch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transfer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transfer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Transfer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transfer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Name spaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Registrars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registrars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Registrars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registrars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">.so</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%93" title=".এসও – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title=".এসও" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/So." title="So. – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="So." data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/.so" title=".so – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title=".so" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q126480#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:.so" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q126480" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Internet country code top-level domain for Somalia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the top-level domain. For the filename extension, see <a href="/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format" title="Executable and Linkable Format">Executable and Linkable Format</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">.so</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SO_domain_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/SO_domain_logo.svg/250px-SO_domain_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/SO_domain_logo.svg/330px-SO_domain_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/SO_domain_logo.svg/500px-SO_domain_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="389" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">28 August 1997</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">TLD</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Country code top-level domain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registry" title="Domain name registry">Registry</a></th><td class="infobox-data">SONIC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sponsor</th><td class="infobox-data">Somali Network Information Center</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Intended use</th><td class="infobox-data">Entities connected with <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Actual use</th><td class="infobox-data">Recently re-established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration restrictions</th><td class="infobox-data">Limited to institutions and organizations in Somalia, residents of Somalia, others who have a legitimate, clear and provable connection to Somalia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Structure</th><td class="infobox-data">Registrations can be made via authorized registrars</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Documents</th><td class="infobox-data">Somalia .so</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dispute policies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sonic.so/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/dotso-domain-name-registration-policies_v1.1_2.pdf">.so domain name registration policies</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/cctld/so/index.html">WIPO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registry website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sonic.so/">sonic<wbr />.so</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>.so</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> <a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">country code top-level domain</a> (ccTLD) for <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>. After a long absence, the .so domain was officially relaunched on November 1, 2010, by .SO Registry, which is regulated by the nation's Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications.<sup id="cite_ref-Soreg_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soreg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was launched through various accredited <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">registrars</a> around the world. </p><p>On 11 July 2013 the <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">ISO 3166-1</a> code for Somalia changed to reflect the SO used for the <a href="/wiki/CcTLD" class="mw-redirect" title="CcTLD">ccTLD</a>. </p><p>On July 8, 2015, the .so ccTLD registry was transferred to the Somali Network Information Center (SONIC),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which introduced new limitations on purchasing <b>.so</b> domain names by persons and organizations not affiliated with Somalia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As a result, several registrars suspended the registration of new <b>.so</b> domain names.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 9, 2018, Somalia's newly established telecom regulator The National Communications Authority (NCA) took full control of the country's top-level internet domain (dotSO) from the Somali National Information Center (SONIC) and Cloudy Registry, who ran the operations and the management of the domain Registry.<sup id="cite_ref-xinhuanet.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xinhuanet.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.so&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please improve this article by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. <br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22.so%22">".so"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22.so%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22.so%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22.so%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22.so%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22.so%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=.so&amp;action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.so&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">civil war</a> in Somalia, operations of this domain were previously officially delegated to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ml.org&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ml.org (page does not exist)">Monolith Innovation Group</a>, a company in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which is now defunct. The domain remained delegated to this company, even though it was defunct, until April 17, 2009, at which time the .so domain record was changed in the root zone to point to the servers of the new registry operator, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Post_and_Telecommunications_in_Somalia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Post and Telecommunications in Somalia (page does not exist)">Ministry of Post and Telecommunications in Somalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_demise_of_Monolith_(ml.org)"><span id="The_demise_of_Monolith_.28ml.org.29"></span>The demise of Monolith (ml.org)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.so&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: The demise of Monolith (ml.org)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monolith Innovations, as a domain name server, was popular in the mid-1990s. </p><p>Second-level domain registrations at the time were (by modern standards) relatively expensive. Monolith operated various projects which allowed small sites to obtain an Internet address of the form <i>example.ml.org</i> at effectively no cost instead of paying full price ($50US in the first year) for a domain like <i>example.com</i>, <i>example.org</i> or <i>example.net</i> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The domain name record for .so was initially created on 28 August 1997, at or near the peak of the ml.org service's popularity. At the time, the potential benefits seemed more than apparent. By taking responsibility for a <a href="/wiki/Country_code_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Country code domain">country code domain</a>, Monolith could have become able to issue *.so domains at second-level for little or no cost, providing a viable alternative to the higher Network Solutions pricing of that era. </p><p>According to ml.org's founder, Aveek Datta, in 1998, "I've personally been trying to create a global FREE top level domain. Whether or not this becomes a reality is another question; money talks and big bucks are being waved about in the registry battles."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, the ml.org service ceased operations at the end of 1998 due to "technical and organisational problems" which included major server failures.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Its second-level domains remain registered to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aveek_Datta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aveek Datta (page does not exist)">Aveek Datta</a>, president of the former Monolith Innovations Group, but appear not to be in active use.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Throughout the domain's history, a one-page placeholder site at the nic.so address claimed that "no .SO domains are available and we are not looking for any registrar partners."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the DNS servers for the domain name were badly configured,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> so the nic.so address was only available intermittently. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relaunch">Relaunch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.so&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Relaunch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 3, 2009, ICANN approved redelegation of the .so domain to the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia.<sup id="cite_ref-ICANN_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICANN-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In ICANN's meeting minutes, it was revealed that Aveek Datta, the former registry operator, had disputed the redelegation request but he did not respond to ICANN's request to verify his connection with the former company. </p><p>The new registry operator relaunched the .so domain on November 1, 2010. Requests to become a registrar can already be submitted using the recently launched website of .SO Registry.<sup id="cite_ref-Soreg_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soreg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transfer">Transfer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.so&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Transfer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 8, 2015, the .so ccTLD registry was transferred to the Somali Network Information Center (SONIC).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On March 9, 2018, Somalia's newly established telecom regulator, the National Communications Authority (NCA) took control of the domain name from SONIC and Cloudy Registry, who ran the operations and the management of the domain Registry.<sup id="cite_ref-xinhuanet.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xinhuanet.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> banned use of this TLD as a result of the 2018 transfer.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_spaces">Name spaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.so&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Name spaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The .so domain currently offers thirteen namespaces: the second-level-space <i>.so</i> is intended for general purpose usage, and the third-level-space <i>.com.so</i>, <i>.me.so</i>, <i>.net.so</i> and <i>.org.so</i> are set aside for commercial entities, individuals, networks, and not-for-profit organisations, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> There also exists <i>.edu.so</i> for higher education institutions; <i>.gov.so</i> for government entities; <i>.sch.so</i> for schools;<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <i>.gm.so</i>, <i>.hs.so</i>, <i>.jl.so</i>, <i>.pl.so</i>, and <i>.sw.so</i> for <a href="/wiki/Galmudug" title="Galmudug">Galmudug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hirshabelle" title="Hirshabelle">Hirshabelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jubbaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubbaland">Jubbaland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puntland" title="Puntland">Puntland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_West_State_of_Somalia" title="South West State of Somalia">South West</a> states respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Registrars">Registrars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.so&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Registrars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SONIC maintains a list of officially accredited local<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and international<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> registrars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.so&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Somalia" title="Communications in Somalia">Communications in Somalia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.so&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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<span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031021901/http://www.soregistry.so/">"SO Registry"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soregistry.so/">the original</a> on 2014-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 Sep</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=.SO+Registry&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soregistry.so%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.so" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://domainr.com/sch.so?q=sch.so">"sch.so"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=sch.so&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdomainr.com%2Fsch.so%3Fq%3Dsch.so&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.so" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="http://sonic.so/registrars/international-registrars/">"International Registrars"</a>. <i>sonic.so</i>. 20 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=sonic.so&amp;rft.atitle=International+Registrars&amp;rft.date=2023-09-20&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsonic.so%2Fregistrars%2Finternational-registrars%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.so" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.so&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ISO_3166-1287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-2">ISO 3166-1</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><b>A</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.ac" title=".ac">.ac</a> <a href="/wiki/.ad" title=".ad">.ad</a> <a href="/wiki/.ae" title=".ae">.ae</a> <a href="/wiki/.af" title=".af">.af</a> <a href="/wiki/.ag" title=".ag">.ag</a> <a href="/wiki/.ai" title=".ai">.ai</a> <a href="/wiki/.al" title=".al">.al</a> <a href="/wiki/.am" title=".am">.am</a> <a href="/wiki/.ao" title=".ao">.ao</a> <a href="/wiki/.aq" title=".aq">.aq</a> <a href="/wiki/.ar" title=".ar">.ar</a> <a href="/wiki/.as" title=".as">.as</a> <a href="/wiki/.at" title=".at">.at</a> <a href="/wiki/.au" title=".au">.au</a> <a href="/wiki/.aw" title=".aw">.aw</a> <a href="/wiki/.ax" title=".ax">.ax</a> <a href="/wiki/.az" title=".az">.az</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>B</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.ba" title=".ba">.ba</a> <a href="/wiki/.bb" title=".bb">.bb</a> <a href="/wiki/.bd" title=".bd">.bd</a> <a href="/wiki/.be" title=".be">.be</a> <a href="/wiki/.bf" title=".bf">.bf</a> <a href="/wiki/.bg" title=".bg">.bg</a> <a href="/wiki/.bh" title=".bh">.bh</a> <a href="/wiki/.bi" title=".bi">.bi</a> <a href="/wiki/.bj" title=".bj">.bj</a> <a href="/wiki/.bm" title=".bm">.bm</a> <a href="/wiki/.bn" title=".bn">.bn</a> <a href="/wiki/.bo" title=".bo">.bo</a> <a href="/wiki/.br" title=".br">.br</a> <a href="/wiki/.bs" title=".bs">.bs</a> <a href="/wiki/.bt" title=".bt">.bt</a> <a href="/wiki/.bw" title=".bw">.bw</a> <a href="/wiki/.by" title=".by">.by</a> <a href="/wiki/.bz" title=".bz">.bz</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>C</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.ca" title=".ca">.ca</a> <a href="/wiki/.cc" title=".cc">.cc</a> <a href="/wiki/.cd" 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title=".gm">.gm</a> <a href="/wiki/.gn" title=".gn">.gn</a> <a href="/wiki/.gp" title=".gp">.gp</a> <a href="/wiki/.gq" title=".gq">.gq</a> <a href="/wiki/.gr" title=".gr">.gr</a> <a href="/wiki/.gs" title=".gs">.gs</a> <a href="/wiki/.gt" title=".gt">.gt</a> <a href="/wiki/.gu" title=".gu">.gu</a> <a href="/wiki/.gw" title=".gw">.gw</a> <a href="/wiki/.gy" title=".gy">.gy</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>H</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.hk" title=".hk">.hk</a> <a href="/wiki/.hm" title=".hm">.hm</a> <a href="/wiki/.hn" title=".hn">.hn</a> <a href="/wiki/.hr" title=".hr">.hr</a> <a href="/wiki/.ht" title=".ht">.ht</a> <a href="/wiki/.hu" title=".hu">.hu</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>I</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.id" title=".id">.id</a> <a href="/wiki/.ie" title=".ie">.ie</a> <a href="/wiki/.il" title=".il">.il</a> <a href="/wiki/.im" title=".im">.im</a> <a href="/wiki/.in" title=".in">.in</a> <a href="/wiki/.io" title=".io">.io</a> <a href="/wiki/.iq" 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href="/wiki/.lc" title=".lc">.lc</a> <a href="/wiki/.li" title=".li">.li</a> <a href="/wiki/.lk" title=".lk">.lk</a> <a href="/wiki/.lr" title=".lr">.lr</a> <a href="/wiki/.ls" title=".ls">.ls</a> <a href="/wiki/.lt" title=".lt">.lt</a> <a href="/wiki/.lu" title=".lu">.lu</a> <a href="/wiki/.lv" title=".lv">.lv</a> <a href="/wiki/.ly" title=".ly">.ly</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>M</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.ma" title=".ma">.ma</a> <a href="/wiki/.mc" title=".mc">.mc</a> <a href="/wiki/.md" title=".md">.md</a> <a href="/wiki/.me" title=".me">.me</a> <a href="/wiki/.mg" title=".mg">.mg</a> <a href="/wiki/.mh" title=".mh">.mh</a> <a href="/wiki/.mk" title=".mk">.mk</a> <a href="/wiki/.ml" title=".ml">.ml</a> <a href="/wiki/.mm" title=".mm">.mm</a> <a href="/wiki/.mn" title=".mn">.mn</a> <a href="/wiki/.mo" title=".mo">.mo</a> <a href="/wiki/.mp" title=".mp">.mp</a> <a href="/wiki/.mq" title=".mq">.mq</a> <a href="/wiki/.mr" title=".mr">.mr</a> <a href="/wiki/.ms" title=".ms">.ms</a> <a href="/wiki/.mt" title=".mt">.mt</a> <a href="/wiki/.mu" title=".mu">.mu</a> <a href="/wiki/.mv" title=".mv">.mv</a> <a href="/wiki/.mw" title=".mw">.mw</a> <a href="/wiki/.mx" title=".mx">.mx</a> <a href="/wiki/.my" title=".my">.my</a> <a href="/wiki/.mz" title=".mz">.mz</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>N</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.na" title=".na">.na</a> <a href="/wiki/.nc" title=".nc">.nc</a> <a href="/wiki/.ne" title=".ne">.ne</a> <a href="/wiki/.nf" title=".nf">.nf</a> <a href="/wiki/.ng" title=".ng">.ng</a> <a href="/wiki/.ni" title=".ni">.ni</a> <a href="/wiki/.nl" title=".nl">.nl</a> <a href="/wiki/.no" title=".no">.no</a> <a href="/wiki/.np" title=".np">.np</a> <a href="/wiki/.nr" title=".nr">.nr</a> <a href="/wiki/.nu" title=".nu">.nu</a> <a href="/wiki/.nz" title=".nz">.nz</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>O</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.om" title=".om">.om</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>P</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.pa" title=".pa">.pa</a> <a href="/wiki/.pe" title=".pe">.pe</a> <a href="/wiki/.pf" title=".pf">.pf</a> <a href="/wiki/.pg" title=".pg">.pg</a> <a href="/wiki/.ph" title=".ph">.ph</a> <a href="/wiki/.pk" title=".pk">.pk</a> <a href="/wiki/.pl" title=".pl">.pl</a> <a href="/wiki/.pm" title=".pm">.pm</a> <a href="/wiki/.pn" title=".pn">.pn</a> <a href="/wiki/.pr" title=".pr">.pr</a> <a href="/wiki/.ps" title=".ps">.ps</a> <a href="/wiki/.pt" title=".pt">.pt</a> <a href="/wiki/.pw" title=".pw">.pw</a> <a href="/wiki/.py" title=".py">.py</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>Q</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.qa" title=".qa">.qa</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>R</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.re" title=".re">.re</a> <a href="/wiki/.ro" title=".ro">.ro</a> <a href="/wiki/.rs" title=".rs">.rs</a> <a href="/wiki/.ru" title=".ru">.ru</a> <a href="/wiki/.rw" title=".rw">.rw</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>S</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.sa" title=".sa">.sa</a> <a href="/wiki/.sb" title=".sb">.sb</a> <a href="/wiki/.sc" title=".sc">.sc</a> <a href="/wiki/.sd" title=".sd">.sd</a> <a href="/wiki/.se" title=".se">.se</a> <a href="/wiki/.sg" title=".sg">.sg</a> <a href="/wiki/.sh" title=".sh">.sh</a> <a href="/wiki/.si" title=".si">.si</a> <a href="/wiki/.sk" title=".sk">.sk</a> <a href="/wiki/.sl" title=".sl">.sl</a> <a href="/wiki/.sm" title=".sm">.sm</a> <a href="/wiki/.sn" title=".sn">.sn</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">.so</a> <a href="/wiki/.sr" title=".sr">.sr</a> <a href="/wiki/.ss" title=".ss">.ss</a> <a href="/wiki/.st" title=".st">.st</a> <a href="/wiki/.su" title=".su">.su</a> <a href="/wiki/.sv" title=".sv">.sv</a> <a href="/wiki/.sx" title=".sx">.sx</a> <a href="/wiki/.sy" title=".sy">.sy</a> <a href="/wiki/.sz" title=".sz">.sz</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>T</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.tc" title=".tc">.tc</a> <a href="/wiki/.td" title=".td">.td</a> <a href="/wiki/.tf" title=".tf">.tf</a> <a href="/wiki/.tg" title=".tg">.tg</a> <a href="/wiki/.th" title=".th">.th</a> <a href="/wiki/.tj" title=".tj">.tj</a> <a href="/wiki/.tk" title=".tk">.tk</a> <a href="/wiki/.tl" title=".tl">.tl</a> <a href="/wiki/.tm" title=".tm">.tm</a> <a href="/wiki/.tn" title=".tn">.tn</a> <a href="/wiki/.to" title=".to">.to</a> <a href="/wiki/.tr" title=".tr">.tr</a> <a href="/wiki/.tt" title=".tt">.tt</a> <a href="/wiki/.tv" title=".tv">.tv</a> <a href="/wiki/.tw" title=".tw">.tw</a> <a href="/wiki/.tz" title=".tz">.tz</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>U</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.ua" title=".ua">.ua</a> <a href="/wiki/.ug" title=".ug">.ug</a> <a href="/wiki/.uk" title=".uk">.uk</a> <a href="/wiki/.us" title=".us">.us</a> <a href="/wiki/.uy" title=".uy">.uy</a> <a href="/wiki/.uz" title=".uz">.uz</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>V</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.va" title=".va">.va</a> <a href="/wiki/.vc" title=".vc">.vc</a> <a href="/wiki/.ve" title=".ve">.ve</a> <a href="/wiki/.vg" title=".vg">.vg</a> <a href="/wiki/.vi" title=".vi">.vi</a> <a href="/wiki/.vn" title=".vn">.vn</a> <a href="/wiki/.vu" title=".vu">.vu</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>W</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.wf" title=".wf">.wf</a> <a href="/wiki/.ws" title=".ws">.ws</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>Y</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.ye" title=".ye">.ye</a> <a href="/wiki/.yt" title=".yt">.yt</a><span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;</span> <b>Z</b>&#160;<a href="/wiki/.za" title=".za">.za</a> <a href="/wiki/.zm" title=".zm">.zm</a> <a href="/wiki/.zw" title=".zw">.zw</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Internationalized_(IDN)_ccTLD287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_country_code_top-level_domain" title="Internationalized country code top-level domain">Internationalized (IDN) ccTLD</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Other scripts</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:left;width:20em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%B1%D0%B3" title=".бг">.бг</a> (<i>bg</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB" title=".бел">.бел</a> (<i>bieł</i>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%B5%D1%8E" class="mw-redirect" title=".ею">.ею</a> (<i>eyu</i>, <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7" title=".қаз">.қаз</a> (<i>qaz</i>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title=".мон">.мон</a> (<i>mon</i>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B4" title=".мкд">.мкд</a> (<i>mkd</i>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D1%80%D1%84" title=".рф">.рф</a> (<i>rf</i>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B1" title=".срб">.срб</a> (<i>srb</i>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80" title=".укр">.укр</a> (<i>ukr</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left;width:20em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.dz" title=".dz">الجزائر.</a> (<i>al-Jazā’ir</i>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misr_(domain_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Misr (domain name)">مصر.</a> (<i>Miṣr</i>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">بھارت.</a> (<span title="ISO 233 Arabic (Urdu language) transliteration"><i lang="ur-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ir#Persian_domains" title=".ir">ایران.</a> (<i>Irân</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.jo" title=".jo">الاردن.</a> (<i>al-Urdun</i>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ps" title=".ps">فلسطين.</a> (<i>Filasṭin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.pk#Internationalized_county_codes" title=".pk">پاکستان.</a> (<i>Pākistān</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.qa" title=".qa">قطر.</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Qa%E1%B9%ADar" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaṭar">Qaṭar</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlSaudiah" title="AlSaudiah">السعودية.</a> (<i>al-Saudiah</i>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains#Internationalized_country_code_top-level_domains" title="List of Internet top-level domains">سوريا.</a> (<i>Sūryā</i>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains#Internationalized_country_code_top-level_domains" title="List of Internet top-level domains">تونس.</a> (<i>Tunis</i>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emarat" title="Emarat">امارات.</a> (<i>Emarat</i>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86." class="mw-redirect" title="عمان.">عمان.</a> (<i>ʻUmān</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7." class="mw-redirect" title="مليسيا.">مليسيا.</a> (<i>Maleesya</i>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8." class="mw-redirect" title="المغرب.">المغرب.</a> (<i>al-Maġrib</i>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86." class="mw-redirect" title="سودان.">سودان.</a> (<i>Sūdān</i>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86." class="mw-redirect" title="اليمن.">اليمن.</a> (<i>al-Yaman</i>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left;width:20em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" class="mw-redirect" title=".বাংলা">.বাংলা</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Bengali language) transliteration"><i lang="bn-Latn">Bāṅla</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.ভাৰত</a> (<span title="ISO transliteration"><i lang="as-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.ভারত</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Bengali language) transliteration"><i lang="bn-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.भारत</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Hindi language) transliteration"><i lang="hi-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.భారత్</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Telugu language) transliteration"><i lang="te-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.ભારત</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Gujarati language) transliteration"><i lang="gu-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.ਭਾਰਤ</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Punjabi language) transliteration"><i lang="pa-Latn">Bhārat</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.ଭାରତ</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Odia language) transliteration"><i lang="or-Latn">Bhārata</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalized_domain_names_and_country_codes" title=".in">.இந்தியா</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><i lang="ta-Latn">Indiyā</i></span>, India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.la" title=".la">.ລາວ</a> (<i>Lao</i>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.sg" title=".sg">.சிங்கப்பூர்</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><i lang="ta-Latn">Cinkappūr</i></span>, Singapore)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lk#Internationalized_top-level_domains" title=".lk">.ලංකා</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Sinhala language) transliteration"><i lang="si-Latn">Laṅkā</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lk#Internationalized_top-level_domains" title=".lk">.இலங்கை</a> (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Tamil language) transliteration"><i lang="ta-Latn">Ilaṅkai</i></span>, Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.th#Second_top_domain" title=".th">.ไทย</a> (<i>Thai</i>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left;width:20em;"><div> <ul><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="/wiki/.cn#Internationalized_domain_names" title=".cn">.中国</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified Chinese">simplified Chinese</a>)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/.cn#Internationalized_domain_names" title=".cn">.中國</a></span></span> (China, in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese">traditional Chinese</a>)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/.hk" title=".hk">.香港</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/.mo" title=".mo">.澳門</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, trad.)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/.mo" title=".mo">.澳门</a></span></span> (Macau, simp.)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/.sg" title=".sg">.新加坡</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW"><a href="/wiki/.tw" title=".tw">.台灣</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, trad.)</li> <li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/.tw" title=".tw">.台湾</a></span></span> (Taiwan, simp.)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left;width:20em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5" title=".հայ">.հայ</a> (<i>hay</i>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%CE%B5%CF%85" class="mw-redirect" title=".ευ">.ευ</a> (<i>ey</i>, <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ge" title=".ge">.გე</a> (<i>ge</i>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gr" title=".gr">.ελ</a> (<i>el</i>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/.kr" title=".kr">.한국</a> (<i>Han-guk</i>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C." class="mw-redirect" title="ישראל.">ישראל.</a> (<i>Yisrael</i>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Proposed_ccTLDs287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Proposed_top-level_domain#Internationalized_country_code_top-level_domains" title="Proposed top-level domain">Proposed ccTLDs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">&#160;&#160;&#160;</td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;width:20em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/.cy" title=".cy">.κπ</a> (<i>kp</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>) - <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/.jp" title=".jp">.日本</a></span></span> (<i>Nippon</i>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>) </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Others287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Others</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;font-weight:normal;">Reserved&#160;/&#32;unassigned</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;font-weight:normal;">Allocated&#160;/&#32;unused</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;font-weight:normal;">Phased out&#160;/&#32;deleted</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/.bl" title=".bl">.bl</a> <a href="/wiki/.bq" title=".bq">.bq</a> <a href="/wiki/.eh" title=".eh">.eh</a> <a href="/wiki/.mf" title=".mf">.mf</a> <a href="/wiki/.su" title=".su">.su</a> <a href="/wiki/.xk" title=".xk">.xk</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/.bv" title=".bv">.bv</a> <a href="/wiki/.gb" title=".gb">.gb</a> <a href="/wiki/.sj" title=".sj">.sj</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/.an" title=".an">.an</a> <a href="/wiki/.mm" title=".mm">.bu</a> <a href="/wiki/.cs" title=".cs">.cs</a> <a href="/wiki/.dd" title=".dd">.dd</a> <a href="/wiki/.tp" title=".tp">.tp</a> <a href="/wiki/.um" title=".um">.um</a> <a href="/wiki/.yu" title=".yu">.yu</a> <a href="/wiki/.zr" class="mw-redirect" title=".zr">.zr</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain" title="Generic top-level domain">Generic top-level domains</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8669bc5c8‐pxfwr Cached time: 20250318155613 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: 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