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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-避諱的起源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#避諱的起源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>避諱的起源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-避諱的起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-避諱的種類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#避諱的種類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>避諱的種類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-避諱的種類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-避諱的方法與實例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#避諱的方法與實例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>避諱的方法與實例</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-避諱的方法與實例-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关避諱的方法與實例子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-避諱的方法與實例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-改字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#改字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>改字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-改字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-空字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#空字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>空字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-空字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-缺筆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#缺筆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>缺筆</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-缺筆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unicode收录的避讳缺笔字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode收录的避讳缺笔字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Unicode收录的避讳缺笔字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode收录的避讳缺笔字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拆字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拆字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>拆字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拆字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各地情況" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地情況"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>各地情況</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各地情況-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各地情況子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各地情況-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>中國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-琉球" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#琉球"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>琉球</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-琉球-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-朝鮮半島" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#朝鮮半島"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>朝鮮半島</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-朝鮮半島-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-越南" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#越南"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>越南</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-越南-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-現代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>現代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-例外情況" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#例外情況"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>例外情況</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-例外情況-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-避讳的后果及用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#避讳的后果及用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>避讳的后果及用途</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-避讳的后果及用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-评价" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#评价"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>评价</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-评价-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-漢字文化圈以外" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#漢字文化圈以外"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>漢字文化圈以外</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-漢字文化圈以外-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关漢字文化圈以外子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-漢字文化圈以外-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-猶太人" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#猶太人"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>猶太人</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-猶太人-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大溪地人" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大溪地人"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>大溪地人</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大溪地人-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">避讳</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。22种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabouio%C3%B9_envel" title="Tabouioù envel – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tabouioù envel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%BA_dels_noms" title="Tabú dels noms – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tabú dels noms" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namenstabu" title="Namenstabu – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Namenstabu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Naming taboo" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%BA_sobre_los_nombres_en_la_cultura_china" title="Tabú sobre los nombres en la cultura china – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tabú sobre los nombres en la cultura china" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تابوی نامگذاری – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تابوی نامگذاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שמות אסורים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמות אסורים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu_in_nominar" title="Tabu in nominar – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tabu in nominar" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomi_cinesi_proibiti" title="Nomi cinesi proibiti – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nomi cinesi proibiti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BF%E8%AB%B1" title="避諱 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="避諱" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%9C%98" title="피휘 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피휘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomina_vetita" title="Nomina vetita – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nomina vetita" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namnetabu" title="Namnetabu – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Namnetabu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesisk_navnetabu" title="Kinesisk navnetabu – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kinesisk navnetabu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabu_sobre_os_nomes_na_cultura_chinesa" title="Tabu sobre os nomes na cultura chinesa – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tabu sobre os nomes na cultura chinesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Табу на имена – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Табу на имена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomi_pruibbiti_(cultura_cinisi)" title="Nomi pruibbiti (cultura cinisi) – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nomi pruibbiti (cultura cinisi)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namntabu" title="Namntabu – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Namntabu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="ข้อห้ามเรื่องการระบุชื่อ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ข้อห้ามเรื่องการระบุชื่อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BAy_k%E1%BB%B5" title="Húy kỵ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Húy kỵ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3" title="避讳 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="避讳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BF%E8%AB%B1" title="避諱 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="避諱" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q871246#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AB%B1&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="避諱">避諱</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-6f9ae8a" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div></div></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align:left; font-size:small; line-height:1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;"><b>避諱</b></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">汉语名称</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" title="繁体字">繁体字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem; width: 50%;"><span lang="zh-hant"> 避諱 </span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" title="简化字">简化字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem; width: 50%;"><span lang="zh-hans"> 避讳 </span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed skin-nightmode-reset-color"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc">标音</th></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">越南语名称</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="越南語字母">國語字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="vi"> húy kị </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%96%83" title="汉喃">汉喃</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80129570">.mw-parser-output .han-nom{font-family:"Gothic Nguyen","Han-Nom Gothic","Minh Nguyen","Han-Nom Minh","Nom Na Tong","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)","FZKaiS-Extended","FZKaiS-Extended(SIP)","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU_HKSCS","MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB",sans-serif}</style><span lang="vi-hani"><span class="han-nom"> 諱忌 </span></span></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">朝鲜语名稱</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ko-hang">피휘 </span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="朝鮮漢字">汉字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ko-hani">避諱 </span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed skin-nightmode-reset-color"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc; font-size: small">标音</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%A7%82%E5%85%89%E9%83%A82000%E5%B9%B4%E5%BC%8F" title="文化观光部2000年式">文观部式</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="ko-latn">bihui </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;">- <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9-%E8%B3%B4%E8%82%96%E7%88%BE%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E6%B3%95" title="馬科恩-賴肖爾表記法">马-赖式</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="ko-latn">pihŭi </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">日语名称</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字">汉字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ja"> 避諱 </span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed skin-nightmode-reset-color"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc">标音</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="假名 (文字)">假名</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="ja"> ひき </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="日语罗马字">日语罗马字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="ja-latn"> hiki </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tbody></table> <p><b>避讳</b>是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="中国历史">中国歷史</a>上，必須回避<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君主</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%BC%A9" title="長輩">尊長</a>等貴人的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%AB%B1" title="名諱">名諱</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的一种習慣，通常只限於<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君主</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%BC%A9" title="長輩">尊長</a>等貴人之<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%90%8D" title="本名">本名</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="字号">字號</a>的避讳则较少见<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在言谈和书写时，遇到君主、尊長等貴人的名諱一律要回避，可以用其他字代換，或是刻意將該字缺筆；取名时，不能取他们的名諱中字甚或同音的字；否則，可能觸犯<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8D%E6%95%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="大不敬">大不敬</a>之罪。<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="陆容">陆容</a>《菽园杂记》稱，“民间俗讳各处有之，<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="吴中">吴中</a>为甚。”這種習慣也曾經適用於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="漢字文化圈">漢字文化圈</a>内中国的臨近國家，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球國">琉球</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="避諱的起源"><span id=".E9.81.BF.E8.AB.B1.E7.9A.84.E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>避諱的起源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：避諱的起源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>避讳始於<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周朝</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E4%BC%A0" title="左传">左传</a>》说：“周人以讳事神，名，终将讳之。”<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E8%AE%B0" title="礼记">礼记</a>·曲礼》载：“名子者不以国，不以日月，不以隐疾，不以山川。”明文规定取名之避。后来，《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E4%BC%A0" title="左传">左传</a>》又加上“不以畜牲，不以器帛”这一条款，遂产生“六避”<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但当时同音或近音的字不用回避。名諱兩字中，只有一个字相同，也不用回避。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="避諱的種類"><span id=".E9.81.BF.E8.AB.B1.E7.9A.84.E7.A8.AE.E9.A1.9E"></span>避諱的種類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：避諱的種類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>回避<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君主</a>的名字，叫做避<b>君讳</b>、<b>公讳</b>或<b>国讳</b>。一般適用於過去七世代以内。</li> <li>避讳自己家族的<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%BC%A9" title="長輩">长辈</a>的名字，与别人交往时则避对方的长辈之名讳，叫做避<b>家讳</b>、<b>私讳</b>。</li> <li>回避<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="聖人">聖人</a>的名字，叫做避<b>聖人諱</b>。例如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E5%A7%93" title="丘姓">丘姓</a>就因避諱<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90" title="孔子">孔子</a>的名字「丘」而產生<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B1%E5%A7%93" title="邱姓">邱姓</a>；又例如《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89" title="三国演义">三国演义</a>》中称<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E7%BE%BD" title="关羽">关羽</a>为「关公」、「关某」；《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%91%A8%E5%88%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%BF%97" title="东周列国志">东周列国志</a>》中称孔子为「孔某」。另古人讀經史時，碰到孔子的名字「丘」時，會將之讀作「某」，以示避諱，就連寫的時候也會缺筆<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>雖非人名，但因爲政治因素，避免特定字詞，例如清朝時人避免胡虜夷狄等字<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="第二次国共内战">第二次国共内战</a>以來，台灣海峽兩岸互相貶稱對方人事物<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="避諱的方法與實例"><span id=".E9.81.BF.E8.AB.B1.E7.9A.84.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95.E8.88.87.E5.AF.A6.E4.BE.8B"></span>避諱的方法與實例</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：避諱的方法與實例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%9E%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="陳垣">陳垣</a>《史諱舉例》曰：「避諱常用之法有三：曰<b>改字</b>，曰<b>空字</b>，曰<b>缺筆</b>。」到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>，避諱之風日趨嚴格，又出現「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%86%E5%AD%97" title="拆字">拆字</a></b>」這一種避諱方法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="改字"><span id=".E6.94.B9.E5.AD.97"></span>改字</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：改字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>改字法：遇到要避諱的字時使用其他別字代替。例如： </p> <ol><li>避<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87" title="秦始皇">秦始皇</a>嬴政諱，“正月”「正」字改唸平聲，甚至改称“端月”。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E9%82%A6" title="刘邦">漢高祖</a>劉邦諱，“相邦”改“相國”，《道德經》之中「邦家」改作「國家」<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="易經">易經</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E4%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="易传">易傳</a>》改「遷邦」作「遷國」<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢文帝">漢文帝</a>劉恆諱，<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E5%B1%B1" title="恒山">恆山</a>、恆水皆作「常」<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；避音諱，“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%AE%E5%A8%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="姮娥">姮娥</a>”改<a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A6%E5%A8%A5" title="嫦娥">嫦娥</a>，《<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="道德經">道德經</a>》之中亦改「恒」為「常」（如首句「道可道，非恒道」等）<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%99%AF%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢景帝">漢景帝</a>劉啟諱，“啟蟄”改<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%9A%E8%9F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="驚蟄">驚蟄</a>、“<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AF%E5%B0%81%E5%8E%BF" title="启封县">启封县</a>”改<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="开封县">开封县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="宋微子">宋微子</a><b>啟</b>，《史記》避諱作<b>開</b>。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢武帝">漢武帝</a>劉徹諱，“<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B9%E4%BE%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="徹侯">徹侯</a>”改通侯。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%98%AD%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢昭帝">漢昭帝</a>劉弗陵諱，否定詞“弗”改“不”。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢宣帝">漢宣帝</a>劉詢音諱，“<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%80%E5%8D%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="荀卿">荀卿</a>”改孫卿。</li> <li>避漢光武帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E7%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="劉秀">劉秀</a>諱，东汉<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E5%BB%89" title="孝廉">孝廉</a>“<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%80%E6%89%8D" title="秀才">秀才</a>”改“<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%82%E6%89%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="茂才">茂才</a>”。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢明帝">漢明帝</a>劉莊讳，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%A7%93" title="莊姓">莊姓</a>者多半改成<a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E5%A7%93" title="嚴姓">嚴姓</a>。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%A1%93%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢桓帝">漢桓帝</a>劉志讳，《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A7%80%E6%BC%A2%E8%A8%98" title="東觀漢記">東觀漢記</a>》的“志”改稱“意”。</li> <li>避晉宣帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E6%87%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="司馬懿">司馬懿</a>（追尊）諱，《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97" title="三國志">三國志</a>》將<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E6%87%BF" title="吳懿">吳懿</a>改“吳壹”。</li> <li>避晉文帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E6%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="司馬昭">司馬昭</a>（追尊）諱，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%AD%E5%90%9B" title="王昭君">王昭君</a>改稱王明君，<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E6%98%AD%E5%A7%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="蔡昭姬">蔡昭姬</a>改稱蔡文姬，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E6%98%AD" title="韋昭">韋昭</a>改稱<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E6%98%AD" title="韋昭">韋曜</a>。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%84%8D%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="晉愍帝">晉愍帝</a>司馬鄴音諱，建業（今<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="南京市">南京市</a>）改名為建康。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%AB%98%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="唐高祖">唐高祖</a>李淵祖父<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%99%8E" title="李虎">李虎</a>諱，漢朝以來稱作「虎子」的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A1%B6" title="馬桶">馬桶</a>改稱為「馬子」或「兽子」<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%AB%98%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="唐高祖">唐高祖</a>李淵諱，<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%B7%B5%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="陶淵明">陶淵明</a>改稱陶泉明或陶深明。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" title="唐太宗">唐太宗</a>李世民讳，「世」、「民」通常分別改為「代」、「人」。例如：<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E8%A5%B2" title="董襲">董襲</a>，字元世改為元代、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E5%AE%97%E5%85%83" title="柳宗元">柳宗元</a>《捕蛇者说》中句子“以俟夫观人风者得焉”中的“人风”实际上是指“民风”，是为此而改。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97" title="唐高宗">唐高宗</a>李治諱，文章內“治”字改為“理”。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%89%87%E5%A4%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="武則天">武則天</a>武曌諱，廬陵王（稍後的<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%B8%AD%E5%AE%97" title="唐中宗">唐中宗</a>）之長子李重照改名<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%87%8D%E6%B6%A6" title="李重润">李重润</a>。（曌為照的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%99%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="则天文字">则天文字</a>）</li> <li>避晉高祖<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%95%AC%E7%91%AD" title="石敬瑭">石敬瑭</a>諱，有些<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%AC%E5%A7%93" title="敬姓">敬姓</a>人士改为端姓，或拆字變為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%9F%E5%A7%93" title="苟姓">苟姓</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%A7%93" title="文姓">文姓</a>。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="宋太祖">宋太祖</a>趙匡胤諱，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" title="宋太宗">宋太宗</a>趙匡義改名为趙光義。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90" title="孔子">孔子</a>之名丘曾經是<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝">金朝</a>的<b>聖人諱</b>，所以有些<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E5%A7%93" title="丘姓">丘姓</a>人士改为<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B1%E5%A7%93" title="邱姓">邱姓</a>。</li> <li>「元年」改為「始年」、「原年」，「元來」改為「原來」，非避明太祖<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%83%E7%92%8B" title="朱元璋">朱元璋</a>諱，明代所有名諱皆依古禮：「二名不偏諱，嫌名不諱」。而是避<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a>之故<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。是因為民間痛恨<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">元人</a>，不願意書寫其國號所致<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E5%B8%9D" title="康熙帝">清聖祖</a>玄燁讳，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="玄武門">玄武門</a>改<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%AD%A6%E9%96%80" title="神武門">神武門</a>，而“玄孫”改“元孫”，《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87" title="千字文">千字文</a>》開頭所著的「天地玄黃」也因避諱改為「元黃」。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3%E5%B8%9D" title="雍正帝">清世宗</a>胤禛諱，兄弟<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E8%BC%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="字輩">字輩</a>“胤”改“允”。王士禛改稱王士正或<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%A3%AB%E7%A6%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="王士禎">王士禎</a>。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%B8%9D" title="乾隆帝">清高宗</a>弘曆諱，曆常改為歷，而大清曆法<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E6%86%B2%E6%9B%86" title="時憲曆">時憲曆</a>改時憲書，<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E6%96%87%E9%A4%A8" title="昭文館">弘文館</a>改「宏文館」。</li> <li>避<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%85%89%E5%B8%9D" title="道光帝">清宣宗</a>旻寧讳，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="北京城">北京</a>外城廣寧門改名<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%AE%89%E9%97%A8" title="广安门">廣安門</a>。</li></ol> <ul><li>史上亦有皇帝即位時，將名字易為罕用字，使擾民程度降低。例：</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢宣帝">漢宣帝</a>劉詢，原名病已。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" title="宋太宗">宋太宗</a>趙炅，976年即位前時名趙光義。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E5%BA%86%E5%B8%9D" title="嘉庆帝">清仁宗</a>顒琰（Yóngyǎn, ㄩㄥˊ ㄧㄢˇ），1796年即位前原名永琰。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%85%89%E5%B8%9D" title="道光帝">清宣宗</a>旻寧，1820年即位前原名綿寧。</li></ol> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87" title="千字文">千字文</a>》歷史上多次因皇帝名字而避諱。</li></ul> <ol><li>「天地玄黃」改作「天地元黃」，是避宋朝皇帝遠祖<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E7%8E%84%E6%9C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="趙玄朗">趙玄朗</a>的名諱（如果是清本，則是避康熙皇帝玄燁的名諱）。</li> <li>「周發殷湯」改作「周發商湯」，是避宋太祖父親<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E5%BC%98%E6%AE%B7" title="趙弘殷">趙弘殷</a>的名諱。</li> <li>「鳴鳳在樹」改作「鳴鳳在竹」，是避<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%97" title="宋英宗">宋英宗</a>趙曙的名諱。</li> <li>「岳宗恆岱」改作「岳宗泰岱」，是避<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%97" title="宋真宗">宋真宗</a>趙恆的名諱。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="空字"><span id=".E7.A9.BA.E5.AD.97"></span>空字</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：空字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>空字法：遇到要避諱的字時不填寫。如<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%87%E9%A0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="將領">將領</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E4%B8%96%E5%8B%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="李世勣">李世勣</a>被改成<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%8B%A3" title="李勣">李勣</a>，以避<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" title="唐太宗">唐太宗</a>李世民的讳。另外民間有傳言“<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E4%B8%96%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="觀世音">觀世音</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="菩薩">菩薩</a>”亦因避唐太宗諱，略作“<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="觀音">觀音</a>”，但實際上唐太宗規定避諱僅限「世民」兩字連用的情況，故以上兩種情況都不適用<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而「李世勣」改名「李勣」則是<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97" title="唐高宗">唐高宗</a>即位後的事，「觀世音」簡稱「觀音」亦在唐朝之前已經出現。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="缺筆"><span id=".E7.BC.BA.E7.AD.86"></span>缺筆</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：缺筆"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Omitting_a_stroke.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Omitting_a_stroke.png/220px-Omitting_a_stroke.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Omitting_a_stroke.png/330px-Omitting_a_stroke.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Omitting_a_stroke.png/440px-Omitting_a_stroke.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>避諱：缺筆之例。清康熙帝之名諱「玄」（𤣥）「燁」之最後一畫省略。</figcaption></figure> <p>陳垣<sup id="cite_ref-xintangshu_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xintangshu-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>認為避諱缺筆，始於<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9E%E8%A7%80" title="貞觀">貞觀</a>十八年蓋的文達碑，有「世子」二字，時<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" title="唐太宗">唐太宗</a>稱李世民，可見仍未有<b>避諱缺筆</b>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E5%B0%81" title="乾封">乾封</a>元年《賜泰師孔宣公碑》中，「愚智齊泯」中的「泯」作「汦」，因此他認為<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97" title="唐高宗">唐高宗</a>是避諱缺筆之始。到了高宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%AF%E6%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="顯慶">顯慶</a>五年正月詔曰：「至於朕名，或缺其點畫。」說明了當時已經有缺筆避諱。 </p><p>一般缺筆是缺寫尾一筆。如「愚智泯」的「泯」字，因諱<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" title="唐太宗">唐太宗</a>李世民，而作「汦」。《于志宁碑》中「世武」把唐太宗的名字李世民中的「世」少寫一劃，作「卅武」。<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="舊唐書">舊唐書</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%97" title="唐穆宗">穆宗</a>紀：「恒王房子孫改為汦王房。」汦王應為愍王，因避諱，改民為氏而誤。《續漢郡國志》中載<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C%E9%83%A1" title="敦煌郡">敦煌郡</a>有拼泉，拼泉即淵泉，因<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="唐太祖">唐太祖</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B7%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="李淵">李淵</a>缺筆的淵字缺尾的一筆，後訛為拼。 </p><p>宋人避宋聖祖<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E7%8E%84%E6%9C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="趙玄朗">趙玄朗</a>諱，「朗」改為「郎」。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E7%84%89_(%E7%9B%8A%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%A7)" title="劉焉 (益州牧)">劉焉</a>，字君朗改為君郎、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="新唐書">新唐書</a>·后妃則天皇傳》：「前鋒左豹韜果毅成三郎為唐之奇所殺。」 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8" title="康熙字典">康熙字典</a>》將康熙帝玄燁諱各缺一筆。 </p><p>日本<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶時代">江戶時代</a>末期至<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB" title="明治">明治</a>時代，對於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E5%AD%9D%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="仁孝天皇">仁孝天皇</a>（惠仁）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="孝明天皇">孝明天皇</a>（統仁）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="明治天皇">明治天皇</a>（睦仁）的名諱「惠」、「統」、「睦」缺一筆。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unicode收录的避讳缺笔字"><span id="Unicode.E6.94.B6.E5.BD.95.E7.9A.84.E9.81.BF.E8.AE.B3.E7.BC.BA.E7.AC.94.E5.AD.97"></span>Unicode收录的避讳缺笔字</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：Unicode收录的避讳缺笔字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unicode中收录了因避讳产生的缺笔字數個。 </p> <ul><li>𤣥</li> <li>𤍞</li> <li>𢎞</li> <li>㱐</li> <li>𠀉</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="拆字"><span id=".E6.8B.86.E5.AD.97"></span>拆字</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：拆字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>拆字法：當遇到要避諱的字時，將該字拆開，以描述其字的構造。 </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" title="宋太宗">宋太宗</a>諱趙炅，又名趙耿；「炅」、「耿」二字皆為國諱。宋朝人將「耿」字寫作「從耳從火」<sup id="cite_ref-rongzhai_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rongzhai-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%97" title="宋真宗">宋真宗</a>諱趙恒，「恒」為國諱，遂將「恒」寫作「從心從亘」<sup id="cite_ref-rongzhai_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rongzhai-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97" title="宋高宗">宋高宗</a>諱趙構，「構」字甚至其音相近的二十餘字皆為國諱。時人為避諱，將與其音相近的「句」寫作「從勹從口」<sup id="cite_ref-rongzhai_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rongzhai-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地情況"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E6.83.85.E6.B3.81"></span>各地情況</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：各地情況"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B"></span>中國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：中國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>周朝時避諱情況較為寬鬆，只有完全相同的字才要避諱，同音或近音字大致上不用。秦汉时期，大一统的政局形成并得到巩固，君主之尊无以复加，儒学在上层建筑中逐渐占统治优势，这种要求遂变得非常严格。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D" title="地名">地名</a>、物名、官名、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="人名">人名</a>都要回避當朝<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AD%90" title="天子">天子</a>甚至<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="皇帝">皇帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="祖先">祖先</a>的名字。<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E7%8E%84" title="郑玄">郑玄</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E8%A9%A9" title="毛詩">毛诗</a>笺注》“天下邦国，至于困穷”言及汉高祖（<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E9%82%A6" title="刘邦">刘邦</a>）名讳而并未受到查处，可见汉朝时对避讳的规制不如清代时严格。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="司马迁">司马迁</a>《史记·<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E4%BB%AA" title="张仪">张仪</a>列传》“是故天下之游谈士，莫不日夜搤腕”言及其父（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E8%B0%88" title="司马谈">司马谈</a>）名讳，但這亦有可能是司馬遷抄錄其父司馬談留下的資料，司馬談自然不需要避諱自己了。 </p><p>漢景帝時，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%82%E6%B0%94" title="节气">二十四節氣</a>之中，「<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%93%E8%9F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="啓蟄">啓蟄</a>」由於避諱而改名為「<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%9A%E8%9F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="驚蟄">驚蟄</a>」，並且和「<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="雨水">雨水</a>」調換，「<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E9%9B%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="穀雨">穀雨</a>」與「<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%98%8E" title="清明">清明</a>」的順次也被置換。（後來，日本以<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9E%E4%BA%AB%E6%9B%86" title="貞享曆">貞享曆</a>取代<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E6%98%8E%E6%9B%86" title="宣明曆">宣明曆</a>，將「驚蟄」改回「啓蟄」。） </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%99%8B" title="东晋">东晋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%83_(%E4%B8%9C%E6%99%8B)" title="太元 (东晋)">太元</a>十三年（388年），侍中<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AE%89%E5%9B%BD_(%E4%B8%9C%E6%99%8B)" title="孔安国 (东晋)">孔安国</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%A1%A8" title="上表">上表</a>，因<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%96%80%E4%BE%8D%E9%83%8E" title="黃門侍郎">黄门郎</a>王愉名犯其父<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%84%89" title="孔愉">孔愉</a>名讳，不能共同签名，求解。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8" title="有关部门">有司</a>认为：此前，尚书、安众男某某曾上表中兵曹郎王祐犯其父私讳。同意调换部门，这是朝廷制度之外的恩典。但此例一开，官员效仿，不知何时结束。于是断绝了此类请求<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但避讳却是日渐严格。避各类私讳，亦是后世官员注重的事项<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>，有一个字相同甚至是同音，也必须回避了。当时著名诗人<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%B4%BA" title="李贺">李贺</a>就是因为其父名“晋肃”，與「進士」發音相近，而不得参加<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%A3%AB" title="进士">进士</a>考试，致使终身不得志；<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E6%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="韓愈">韓愈</a>為此事非常生氣，为之作《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%AB%B1%E8%BE%AF" class="extiw" title="s:諱辯">讳辩</a>》驳斥，“父名晋肃，子不得举进士；若父名仁，子不能为人乎！”<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BE%8B%E7%96%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="唐律疏议">唐朝法律</a>规定，直呼皇帝的名字犯“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8D%E6%95%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="大不敬">大不敬</a>”罪，不能赦免。然而<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%89%A7" title="杜牧">杜牧</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%88%BF%E5%AE%AB%E8%B5%8B" title="阿房宫赋">阿房宫赋</a>》“一旦不能有”、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E5%AE%97%E5%85%83" title="柳宗元">柳宗元</a>《捕蛇者说》“岂若吾乡邻之旦旦有是哉”皆言及<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%9D%BF%E5%AE%97" title="唐睿宗">唐睿宗</a>（李旦）名讳，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%A8%B9" title="元稹">元稹</a>《连昌宫词》“舞榭欹倾基尚在”又言及<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%97" title="唐玄宗">唐玄宗</a>（李隆基）名讳而并未受到查处，可见唐朝时对避讳的规制亦不如清代时严格。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="五代十國">五代十國</a>時，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AE%E9%81%93" title="馮道">馮道</a>的門客為其講解《<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="道德經">老子</a>》，見文章裡面「道可道，非常道」的「道」字，衝犯了馮道的名諱，門客為了避諱，把「道」這個字給改成「不敢說」，於是便將「道可道，非常道」讀作「不敢說，可不敢說，非常不敢說。」<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>除了文字避諱，生活上亦有其他形式的名諱。例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>避諱李姓，禁食<a href="/wiki/%E9%AF%89%E9%AD%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="鯉魚">鯉魚</a>，抓到鯉魚必須放掉，販賣鯉魚責打60杖<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%BE%B7" title="正德">正德</a>年間也曾一度禁止百姓蓄養豬隻<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>宋代，讳法大兴，一个帝王的避讳字数量急剧增多，《容齋三筆·十一》云：「本朝尚文之習大盛，故禮官討論，每欲其多，廟諱有五十字者。舉場試卷，小涉疑似，士人輒不敢用，一或犯之，往往暗行黜落。」 </p><p>元代是蒙古人入主中原，蒙古人本无避讳之事，因此元代不太在意避諱。忽必烈行汉法之后，曾下令避讳，但终元一代讳法不严，一部《元史》，惟《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E9%89%85%E5%A4%AB" title="程鉅夫">程鉅夫</a>列傳》言：「鉅夫名文海，避武宗廟諱，以字行。」餘無所見，程钜夫生于宋，故习惯避讳，而考察《元史·武宗纪》，武宗朝名中有“海”者多达七人，武宗朝奏章地名有“海”字者众多，并不避讳，故程钜夫避讳一事属于此人特例<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古人名">蒙古人的命名習俗</a>與漢人不同，蒙古人中君臣同名者甚多。 </p><p>明代因之，二字之名在用到其中某一字时不避讳，音近而有称名之嫌，亦不需避諱；所謂「二名不偏讳，嫌名不讳」，故<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E8%97%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="明朝藩王列表">親王</a>可與皇帝共用<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E8%BE%88" title="行辈">字輩</a>。 </p><p>满人早期亦不避讳，后来汉化加深，从玄烨开始<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，才跟着汉人那样有了避讳之事。清乾隆二十二年（1757年）退休的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="布政使">布政使</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E5%AE%B6%E5%B1%8F" title="彭家屏">彭家屏</a>在族譜《大彭統記》刊登<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81_(%E6%B8%85)" class="mw-redirect" title="河南省 (清)">河南</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%98" title="生员">生員</a>段昌緒家存<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E6%A1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="吳三桂">吳三桂</a>文告時，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%B8%9D" title="乾隆帝">乾隆帝</a>之名諱弘曆不缺筆，成為彭家屏<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%9C%E8%87%AA%E7%9B%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="賜自盡">賜自盡</a>及段昌緒<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AC%E9%A6%96" title="斬首">斬首</a>罪名之一。乾隆四十二年（1777年）<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81_(%E6%B8%85)" class="mw-redirect" title="江西省 (清)">江西</a>書生<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%8C%AB%E4%BE%AF" title="王錫侯">王錫侯</a>在他刪<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8" title="康熙字典">康熙字典</a>寫的字典《<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E8%B4%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="字贯">字貫</a>》凡例寫入<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E5%B8%9D" title="康熙帝">康熙帝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3%E5%B8%9D" title="雍正帝">雍正帝</a>、乾隆帝之名諱（玄燁、胤禛、弘曆），沒有缺筆避諱，也有批評康熙字典“然而穿貫之難”的内容，被認為非常不敬，而被依大逆律定罪處斬<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。清朝「末代皇帝」<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%A5%E5%84%80" class="mw-redirect" title="溥儀">溥儀</a>在位時，“儀”曾經是避諱字。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝滅亡</a>後，民國不再避国讳和圣人讳<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。现时一般中国人仍避家讳，但仅限于起名，日常使用是不避的，亦有连起名也不避讳的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span>日本</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本避諱的相關記錄始見於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="奈良時代">奈良時代</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E6%9B%86" title="延曆">延曆</a>年間，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%93%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="桓武天皇">桓武天皇</a>為避其父<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E4%BB%81%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="光仁天皇">光仁天皇</a>（諱白壁王）的諱，將<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E9%99%B8%E5%9C%8B" title="常陸國">常陸國</a>的「白壁郡」改名為「真壁郡」。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="淳和天皇">淳和天皇</a>即位的時候，由於天皇名叫「大伴」，氏族「大伴氏」便被改名為「伴氏」。 </p><p>進入<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="幕府">幕府</a>時期以後，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="武士 (日本)">日本武士</a>對主君的名字也要避諱。當時<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="日本人名">日本人名</a>分為「通字」和「偏諱」兩個部份。例如在「<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%B7" title="德川家康">德川家康</a>」的名字中，「家」字為通字，由家族時代相傳；「康」字為偏諱。通字無需避諱，但偏諱要避。 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">在触发了后来<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9D%82%E4%B9%8B%E5%BD%B9" title="大坂之役">大坂之役</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%BB%A3%E5%AF%BA%E9%90%98%E9%8A%98%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="方廣寺鐘銘事件">方广寺钟铭事件</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E8%B3%B4" title="豐臣秀賴">豐臣秀賴</a>一方就是因为铭文中的“国家安康”一词沒有避德川家康的偏諱，為德川幕府出兵大坂提供了口實</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。不過有時候，日本武士也會將偏諱賜給屬下，以示恩寵。 </p><p>日本比中國更晚，直到<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">二戰</a>結束之前仍須避諱，否則可被視為對皇室不敬。例如，為避<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E5%AD%9D%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="仁孝天皇">仁孝天皇</a>（惠仁）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="孝明天皇">孝明天皇</a>（統仁）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="明治天皇">明治天皇</a>（睦仁）的諱，將「惠」、「統」、「睦」三字都缺一筆。此外，對皇后也要避諱。例如，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="大正天皇">大正天皇</a>的皇后名叫<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9E%E6%98%8E%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="貞明皇后">九條節子</a>（日语：<span title="漢字或假名表記（原文）"><span lang="ja">九条節子</span></span><small>／</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">くじょうさだこ</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Kujō Sadako</span></i></sup>），<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A9%E7%88%B6%E5%AE%AE%E9%9B%8D%E4%BB%81%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B" title="秩父宮雍仁親王">秩父宮雍仁親王</a>的妃子叫<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="松平節子" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="親王妃勢津子"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E5%B9%B3%E7%AF%80%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松平節子（页面不存在）">松平節子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B%E5%A6%83%E5%8B%A2%E6%B4%A5%E5%AD%90" class="extiw" title="ja:親王妃勢津子"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">親王妃勢津子</span></a></span>）</span></span>（日语：<span title="漢字或假名表記（原文）"><span lang="ja">松平節子</span></span><small>／</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">まつだいらせつこ</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Matsudaira Setsuko</span></i></sup>）；九條節子成為皇后之後，松平節子為了避諱，將名字改為同音的「勢津子」（日语：<span title="漢字或假名表記（原文）"><span lang="ja">勢津子</span></span><small>／</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">せつこ</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Setsuko</span></i></sup>）。 </p><p>1947年（<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C" title="昭和">昭和</a>22年）10月26日，日本國<a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="憲法">憲法</a>廢除了對皇室不敬的罪名，不再將避諱列入法律條文之內。但民众在日常生活中仍普遍会避免对皇室成员直接称呼名讳，而是敬称为“陛下”、“殿下”或者使用宫号，很多人甚至根本不知道皇室成员的本名。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="琉球"><span id=".E7.90.89.E7.90.83"></span>琉球</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：琉球"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>受中國文化的影響，琉球王府也要求避國王的諱。其避諱的方式主要為改字。例如，為避<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E5%93%B2%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="尚哲王">尚哲王</a>諱，「哲」字改為「明」<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；避<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E6%BA%AB%E7%8E%8B" title="尚溫王">尚溫王</a>諱，「溫」字改為「和」<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；避<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E6%B3%B0%E7%8E%8B" title="尚泰王">尚泰王</a>諱，「泰」字改為「春」<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外，琉球人也要避中國皇帝的諱<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>琉球人要避國王的諱，但不必避國王使用的名乘。例如，尚溫王的名乘為「朝克」<sup id="cite_ref-king_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-king-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但後世仍有一名<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%98" title="三司官">三司官</a>名叫「<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%89%BF" title="馬克承">馬克承</a>」；馬克承的名乘為「小祿親方良泰」，尚泰王繼位後，為避諱，改為「良忠」<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1609年<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E9%95%B7%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E4%B9%8B%E5%BD%B9" title="慶長琉球之役">慶長琉球之役</a>之後，琉球成為日本<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%91%A9%E8%97%A9" title="薩摩藩">薩摩藩</a>的附庸國，薩摩藩在琉球設置<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E7%95%AA%E5%A5%89%E8%A1%8C%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="在番奉行所">在番奉行所</a>以監督內政。1755年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E6%B4%A5%E9%87%8D%E8%B1%AA" title="島津重豪">島津重豪</a>就任薩摩藩藩主之後，薩摩藩曾一度要求琉球王府下令避<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶幕府">江戶幕府</a>將軍的諱。例如，毛宣猷為避<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%A3" title="德川家宣">德川家宣</a>的諱，改名為毛廷柱<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；向宣謨的名乘原為「今歸仁朝忠」，為避<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E7%A7%80%E5%BF%A0" title="德川秀忠">德川秀忠</a>諱，改為「今歸仁朝義」<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。薩摩藩又禁止琉球人使用「德」、「千代」、「雄」、「敦」、「信」、「明」、「重」等字作為名字。不過在島津重豪死後，琉球便廢除了這個命令。為避諱而更改<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="琉球人名">名乘頭</a>的家族，多獲准恢復使用原先的名乘頭<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；但仍有家族的名乘頭未被改回<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="朝鮮半島"><span id=".E6.9C.9D.E9.AE.AE.E5.8D.8A.E5.B3.B6"></span>朝鮮半島</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：朝鮮半島"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮半島的避諱可能始於<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="統一新羅">統一新羅</a>時代。在《文武王陵碑》的碑文里，「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E5%8D%88" title="丙午">丙午</a>」被寫作「景午」。<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%AB%98%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="唐高祖">唐高祖</a>之父名叫<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%9E" class="mw-disambig" title="李昞">李昞</a>，「昞」字和同音的「丙」字都是需避諱的字，故而<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%94%AF" title="干支">干支</a>紀年中將丙字改作「景」。但是，新羅當時剛剛從<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">中國</a>引進干支紀年，沒有證據顯示新羅是否也從中國引入了避諱制度。 </p><p>不過在<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97" title="高麗">高麗</a>王朝時期的法律明確規定需要避高麗國王的諱。高麗時代的避諱方法主要為缺筆，故而在《<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="高麗大藏經">高麗大藏經</a>》中可以看見不少缺畫字<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外也有改字的方法，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E6%83%A0%E5%AE%97" title="高麗惠宗">高麗惠宗</a>名叫王武，便將「<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E7%8F%AD" title="兩班">文武兩班</a>」改稱「文虎兩班」<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，後又改稱「龍虎兩班」。又如，《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%BA%E4%BA%8B" title="三國遺事">三國遺事</a>》中，為避<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%AE%97" title="高麗定宗">高麗定宗</a>王堯諱，將「堯」字改為「高」。 </p><p>1750年，為了避免在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%BA%99" title="孔庙">文廟</a>祭祀中衝犯孔子的諱，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%8B%B1%E7%A5%96" title="朝鮮英祖">朝鮮英祖</a>下令將「大丘郡」改名為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%82%B1%E5%BB%A3%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82" title="大邱廣域市">大邱郡</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%88%E5%AE%A3%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%A2%E5%90%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="興宣大院君">興宣大院君</a>重建<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E7%A6%8F%E5%AE%AE_(%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B)" title="景福宮 (韓國)">景福宮</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弘禮門" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="흥례문"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%98%E7%A6%AE%E9%96%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弘禮門（页面不存在）">弘禮門</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%A5%EB%A1%80%EB%AC%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:흥례문"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">흥례문</span></a></span>）</span></span>時，為避清高宗弘曆諱，將「弘禮門」改名為「興禮門」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="越南"><span id=".E8.B6.8A.E5.8D.97"></span>越南</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：越南"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nguyendynastynamingtaboos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nguyendynastynamingtaboos.png/350px-Nguyendynastynamingtaboos.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nguyendynastynamingtaboos.png/525px-Nguyendynastynamingtaboos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nguyendynastynamingtaboos.png/700px-Nguyendynastynamingtaboos.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>阮朝年間《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%97%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84" title="大南實錄">大南實錄</a>》中的避諱舉例</figcaption></figure> <p>越南的避諱，除了改字、空字、缺筆、拆字之外，<b>變音</b>是其一大特色。 </p><p>越南的避諱，最早見於<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%9C%9D_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="陳朝 (越南)">陳朝</a>時期。1232年（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="建中">建中</a>八年），<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="陳太宗">陳太宗</a>下達避諱的命令。為了避陳朝皇帝祖先<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%9D%8E" title="陳李">陳李</a>的諱，陳太宗下令將全國的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%A7%93" title="李姓">李氏</a>全部改為<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E5%A7%93" title="阮姓">阮氏</a>。 </p><p>在越南，中國的避諱方法改字、空字、缺筆、拆字都有。例如，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E6%B3%B0" title="成泰">成泰</a>年間刊行的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%97%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84" title="大南實錄">大南實錄</a>》的「大南正編列傳初集」之中，為避<a href="/wiki/%E5%97%A3%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%9D" title="嗣德帝">嗣德帝</a>阮福時諱，改「時」字為「辰」字；為避<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E6%B3%B0%E5%B8%9D" title="成泰帝">成泰帝</a>阮福昭諱，便將「昭」字缺筆寫作「召」。在《大南實錄》的「前編」中，歷代阮主的名諱皆空字<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%A3%E7%B7%A8%E6%92%AE%E8%A6%81" class="mw-redirect" title="國朝正編撮要">國朝正編撮要</a>》中，為避<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E9%9A%86%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="嘉隆帝">嘉隆帝</a>阮福暎諱，寫作「左從日右從英」<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>還有一種被稱為變音的避諱方法，即將皇帝名諱的讀音改變，與需避諱字的同音字也隨之變音。變音這種避諱方法為越南特色，始見於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%BB%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="後黎朝">後黎朝</a>時代。<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="黎太祖">黎太祖</a>諱黎利，「利」字在越南語中本讀作「lì」，為避諱，改為讀「lợi」。<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E6%9C%9D" title="阮朝">阮朝</a>時代，為避歷代皇帝的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D#墊名" title="越南人名">垫名</a>「福」之諱，將「福」字的發音從「phúc」改為「phước」，所有讀作「phúc」的字也統統改為讀「phước」。 </p><p>此外，也存在口頭和書面上不同的避諱方法。例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%97%A3%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%9D" title="嗣德帝">嗣德帝</a>名「阮福時」，在書面上若遇上「時」字，應將「時」字改寫作「辰」字；而在口頭上，「時」字本應讀作「thì」，為避諱改讀「thời」。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E9%98%AE%E7%B4%9B%E7%88%AD" title="鄭阮紛爭">鄭阮紛爭</a>時期，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B" title="廣南國">廣南阮主</a>轄境內的居民必須避阮主之諱。例如，為避<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E6%BD%A2" title="阮潢">阮潢</a>諱，將「hoàng」讀作「huỳnh」。時至今日，越南南部的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%A7%93" title="黃姓">黃姓</a>居民仍將自己的姓氏讀作「huỳnh」，但北部居民仍讀作「hoàng」。 </p><p>阮朝<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%91%BD%E5%B8%9D" title="明命帝">明命帝</a>時代，將眾多的阮主支系子孫删去姓氏，冠以「宗室」（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a>：<span title="越南语國語字"><span lang="vi">Tông Thất</span></span>／<span title="漢喃文"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80129570"><span lang="vi-hani"><span class="han-nom">宗室</span></span></span><sup></sup>）二字，标榜其地位。後來<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B9%E6%B2%BB%E5%B8%9D" title="紹治帝">紹治帝</a>繼位，為避紹治帝阮福綿宗之諱，又將「宗室」改姓為近音的「尊室」（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a>：<span title="越南语國語字"><span lang="vi">Tôn Thất</span></span>／<span title="漢喃文"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80129570"><span lang="vi-hani"><span class="han-nom">尊室</span></span></span><sup></sup>），這便是今日越南<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8A%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="尊室">尊室姓</a>的由來。 </p><p>以下是阮朝的變音避諱用字表。其中，被避諱之字以粗體標出。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption><b>阮朝變音避諱用字</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>正音<br />（本音）</th> <th>寨音<br />（變音）</th> <th>被避諱者 </th></tr> <tr> <td>cam</td> <td>kim</td> <td>肇祖<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E6%B7%A6" title="阮淦">阮<b>淦</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>mai</td> <td>mơi</td> <td>靖皇后<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E6%B0%8F%E6%A2%85" title="阮氏梅">阮氏<b>梅</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>hoàng</td> <td>huỳnh</td> <td>太祖<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E6%BD%A2" title="阮潢">阮<b>潢</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>nguyên</td> <td>ngươn</td> <td>熙宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E6%BA%90" title="阮福源">阮福<b>源</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>lan</td> <td>lang, lam</td> <td>神宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E7%80%BE" title="阮福瀾">阮福<b>瀾</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>tần</td> <td>tờn</td> <td>太宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E7%80%95" title="阮福瀕">阮福<b>瀕</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ngàn</td> <td>nghìn</td> <td>英宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E6%BA%99" title="阮福溙">阮福溙</a>又名阮福<b>彦</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>thụy</td> <td>thoại</td> <td>保大帝<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="保大帝">阮福永<b>瑞</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>lĩnh</td> <td>lãnh</td> <td>孝義皇后<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%B0%8F%E9%A0%98" title="宋氏領">宋氏<b>領</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>chu</td> <td>châu</td> <td>顯宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E6%B7%8D" title="阮福淍">阮福<b>淍</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>được</td> <td>đặng</td> <td>孝明皇后<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%B0%8F%E7%89%B9" title="宋氏特">宋氏<b>特</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>thụ</td> <td>thọ</td> <td>肅宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E6%BE%8D" title="阮福澍">阮福<b>澍</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>thư</td> <td>thơ</td> <td>孝寧皇后<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%B0%8F%E6%9B%B8" title="張氏書">張氏<b>書</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>dong</td> <td>đông</td> <td>孝武皇后<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%B0%8F%E5%AE%B9" title="張氏容">張氏<b>容</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>hoàn</td> <td>hườn</td> <td>孝康皇后<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E6%B0%8F%E7%92%B0_(%E9%98%AE%E8%88%88%E7%A5%96)" title="阮氏環 (阮興祖)">阮氏<b>環</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>phúc</td> <td>phước</td> <td>阮<b>福</b>氏 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ánh</td> <td>yên, yếng, ảnh</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E7%A6%8F%E6%98%A0" title="阮福映">嘉隆帝</a>阮福<b>暎</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>chủng</td> <td>chưởng</td> <td>阮福<b>種</b>（嘉隆帝的原名） </td></tr> <tr> <td>đang</td> <td>đởm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%98%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="順天高皇后">順天高皇后</a>陳氏<b>璫</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>cảnh</td> <td>kiểng</td> <td>順天高皇后又名<b>敬</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>đảm</td> <td>đởm</td> <td>阮福<b>膽</b>（明命帝原名） </td></tr> <tr> <td>kiểu</td> <td>cảo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%91%BD%E5%B8%9D" title="明命帝">明命帝</a>阮福<b>晈</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>hoa</td> <td>huê</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E5%A4%A9%E4%BB%81%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="佐天仁皇后">佐天仁皇后</a>胡氏<b>華</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>thật</td> <td>thiệt, thực</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E5%A4%A9%E4%BB%81%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="佐天仁皇后">佐天仁皇后</a>胡氏<b>實</b>（嘉隆帝賜名） </td></tr> <tr> <td>miên</td> <td>mân</td> <td>阮福<b>綿</b>宗（紹治帝別名） </td></tr> <tr> <td>chính</td> <td>chánh</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>tông</td> <td>tôn</td> <td>阮福綿<b>宗</b>（紹治帝別名） </td></tr> <tr> <td>dung</td> <td>dong</td> <td>阮福<b>曧</b>（紹治帝別名） </td></tr> <tr> <td>tuyền</td> <td>toàn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B9%E6%B2%BB%E5%B8%9D" title="紹治帝">紹治帝</a>阮福<b>暶</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>hằng</td> <td>thường</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E6%B0%8F%E5%A7%AE" title="范氏姮">慈裕太后</a>范氏<b>姮</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>hạo</td> <td>hiệu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%A6%8F%E5%B8%9D" title="建福帝">建福帝</a>阮福<b>昊</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>nhậm</td> <td>nhiệm</td> <td>阮福洪<b>任</b>（嗣德帝別名） </td></tr> <tr> <td>hồng</td> <td>hường</td> <td>阮福<b>洪</b>任（嗣德帝別名） </td></tr> <tr> <td>thì</td> <td>thời</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%97%A3%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%9D" title="嗣德帝">嗣德帝</a>阮福<b>時</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>hài</td> <td>hia</td> <td>儷天英皇后<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%B0%8F%E8%AB%A7" title="武氏諧">武氏<b>諧</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>chân</td> <td>chơn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%B2%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%9D" title="育德帝">育德帝</a>阮福膺<b>禛</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>đường</td> <td>đàng</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E5%B8%9D" title="同慶帝">同慶帝</a>阮福膺<b>禟</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>lân</td> <td>liên</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E6%B3%B0%E5%B8%9D" title="成泰帝">成泰帝</a>阮福寶<b>嶙</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>san</td> <td>sơn</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%B0%E5%B8%9D" title="維新帝">維新帝</a>阮福永<b>珊</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>điều</td> <td>đều</td> <td>慈明惠皇后<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E6%B0%8F%E8%AA%BF" title="潘氏調">潘氏<b>調</b></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="現代"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3"></span>現代</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：現代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>现在虽然已经不讲究避讳習俗，但是仍然有部分人在取名时尽量不取同父辈或祖辈同名或同音的字作为名字。由于避讳的影响，现在的東亞人还是认为直呼长辈的名字为不敬，所以會特別注意親屬稱謂。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right infobox sisterproject" style="width:20em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/29px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/43px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">您可以在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="維基文庫">維基文庫</a>中查找此百科條目的相關原始文獻： <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ol><li><b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A7%93%E5%90%8D%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B_(%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B72%E5%B9%B4)" class="extiw" title="s:姓名條例 (民國72年)">姓名條例 (民國72年)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A7%93%E5%90%8D%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B_(%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B90%E5%B9%B4)" class="extiw" title="s:姓名條例 (民國90年)">姓名條例 (民國90年)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A7%93%E5%90%8D%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B_(%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B104%E5%B9%B4)" class="extiw" title="s:姓名條例 (民國104年)">姓名條例 (民國104年)</a></b></li></ol> </div></div></div> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption><b>在臺灣，依據中華民國法律《姓名條例》，與三親等以內直系尊親屬名字完全相同者，得以申請<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E5%90%8D#台湾" title="改名">改名</a>及消極資格法源</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>立法日期</th> <th>公佈日期</th> <th>施行日期</th> <th>與近親屬名字完全相同者申請改名</th> <th>禁止有某些犯罪相關情事者改名 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1983年1月8日</td> <td>1983年11月18日</td> <td>自公布日施行</td> <td>第六條第一項第二款</td> <td>尚未明定 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001年6月1日</td> <td>2001年6月20日</td> <td>2001年10月15日</td> <td>第七條第一項第二款</td> <td>第十二條 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015年5月5日</td> <td>2015年5月20日</td> <td>自公布日施行</td> <td>第九條第一項第二款</td> <td>第十五條 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="例外情況"><span id=".E4.BE.8B.E5.A4.96.E6.83.85.E6.B3.81"></span>例外情況</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：例外情況"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>雖然不取與父輩或<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="祖先">祖輩</a>名字相同的用字或同音字是傳統避諱方式之一，但亦有例外。例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%99%89" class="mw-redirect" title="東晉">東晉</a>時<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%BE%B2%E4%B9%8B" title="王羲之">王羲之</a>的七個兒子<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%8E%84%E4%B9%8B" title="王玄之">王玄之</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%87%9D%E4%B9%8B" title="王凝之">王凝之</a>、王渙之、王肅之、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%BE%BD%E4%B9%8B" title="王徽之">王徽之</a>、王操之、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%8D%BB%E4%B9%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="王獻之">王獻之</a>都有「之」字，据<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%AF%85%E6%81%AA" title="陈寅恪">陈寅恪</a>考证“之”字是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%88%E9%81%93" title="天师道">天师教</a>信徒的标志；而汪婕指出，这仅仅是“二名不偏讳”，与天师教信仰无关<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="避讳的后果及用途"><span id=".E9.81.BF.E8.AE.B3.E7.9A.84.E5.90.8E.E6.9E.9C.E5.8F.8A.E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"></span>避讳的后果及用途</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：避讳的后果及用途"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>避讳徒增文章的理解难度，若不了解相应的避讳情况，可能无法正确认出原词，导致文章难以理解。 </p><p>另外，避讳本身提供了一种文献断代方法，如果某书中避某字讳，则可以断定该书是相对应的某位皇帝继位后著述的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="评价"><span id=".E8.AF.84.E4.BB.B7"></span>评价</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：评价"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>现代，避讳被认为是强化君主专制的手段而遭到批判。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="漢字文化圈以外"><span id=".E6.BC.A2.E5.AD.97.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E5.9C.88.E4.BB.A5.E5.A4.96"></span>漢字文化圈以外</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：漢字文化圈以外"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="猶太人"><span id=".E7.8C.B6.E5.A4.AA.E4.BA.BA"></span>猶太人</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：猶太人"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%AD%97%E7%A5%9E%E5%90%8D" title="四字神名">四字神名</a></div> <p>由於《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="希伯來聖經">希伯來聖經</a>》中的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%AA%A1" title="十誡">十誡</a>》有「不可妄稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%AD%97%E7%A5%9E%E5%90%8D" title="四字神名">YHWH</a>你神的名」的誡命，犹太教文獻中的四字神名（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯來語">希伯來語</a>：<span lang="he" dir="rtl">יהוה</span>‎）不标<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音">母音</a>，或标上"adonai"的母音作为提醒，而只写4個<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">子音字母</a>，一般稱為“4字神名”——英語的<b>YHWH</b>、法語和德語的<b>JHWH</b>、拉丁語的<b>IHVH</b>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>時猶太学者為希伯來語的4字神名標上母音時，使用「adonai」（意為「我的主」）的母音符号，（希伯來語单詞的輔音写在中央而元音（母音）写在輔音的上面或下面，以不同组合的点和短线表示，所以可以在「YHWH」下写「adonai」的元音符号），提醒猶太裔讀者要念成「adonai」，不可以直呼神的名。而早期聖經譯者翻譯時，便直接地把輔音和元音拼在一起，而成了「YaHoWaH」（翻譯就是「耶和華」）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大溪地人"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E6.BA.AA.E5.9C.B0.E4.BA.BA"></span>大溪地人</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：大溪地人"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在玻里尼西亞的許多地方，重要領導人的名字被認為是神聖的（至今有時依舊如此，詳情可見玻里尼西亞文化中的禁忌<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Tapu" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapu（页面不存在）">Tapu</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)" class="extiw" title="en:Tapu (Polynesian culture)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tapu (Polynesian culture)</span></a></span>）</span></span>），並因此對之需有一些適當的敬重（<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%82%A3" title="瑪那">mana</a>）。為了避免冒犯，任何類似一個名字的字眼都不可使用，並直到該人死去為止，都需以一個含義相似的詞來代替被禁止使用的字眼。然若一個領袖碰巧活得非常長命的話，這暫時性的替代用法，可能會變成永久性的，進而對語言產生影響。 </p><p>一個例子是在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%BA%AA%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%9E" title="大溪地語">大溪地語</a>當中，一些單詞因為避諱的緣故，而被其他的單字給取代。在玻里尼西亞的其他地區，tū 或其他同源的字之意為「站立」，但在大溪地語中，該字被以 tiʻa 取代，因為原本的詞根變成了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%9B%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="波马雷一世">波马雷一世</a>這位國王的名字中 Tū-nui-ʻēʻa-i-te-atua 的部份；相似地，fetū 這個意指「星星」的字眼，在大溪地語中為 fetiʻa 所取代；而 aratū 這個意指「柱子」的字眼，也為 aratiʻa 所取代。 </p><p>儘管 nui（意即「大的」）依舊出現於像 Tahiti-nui 等合成詞中，一般用以指稱「大」的字眼為 rahi（此詞在玻里尼西亞語言中是個指稱「大」的常見字眼）；此外，ʻēʻa 這個詞也不再使用，並為 purūmu 或 porōmu 取而代之，在現今，ʻēʻa 之意為「路徑」，而 purūmu 之意則為「道路」。 </p><p>Tū 也有個暱稱，叫做 Pō-mare（字面含意為「夜咳」），波馬雷一世的王朝也因此而得名，也因此 <i>pō</i>（意即「夜晚」）這個字曾一度為 <i>ruʻi</i> 所取代（然而今日 ruʻi 只用於聖經中，pō 這個字根今日又重新變成了日常用語的單詞）；而 <i>mare</i>（字面之意為「咳嗽」）則已不可逆地為 <i>hota</i> 所取代。 </p><p>其他範例如下： </p> <ul><li><i>vai</i>（意即「水」）為 <i>pape</i> 所取代，並可見於 Papeari、Papenoʻo、Papeʻete 等名稱中。</li> <li><i>moe</i>（意即「睡」）為 <i>taʻoto</i>（其原始含意為「躺下」）所取代。</li></ul> <p>一些舊式的單詞依舊用於<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8C%E9%A3%8E%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B)" title="背风群岛 (社会群岛)">背風群島</a>一帶。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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title="中華民國教育部">教育部</a>.國語辭典修訂本.【名諱】「尊長或所尊敬的人的名字。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">如<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%97" title="唐玄宗">唐玄宗</a>兄长<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%86%B2_(%E5%AF%A7%E7%8E%8B)" title="李憲 (寧王)">李成器</a>避其母<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E6%88%90%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="昭成皇后">昭成皇后</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8A%E5%8F%B7" title="尊号">尊号</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E5%90%8D" title="改名">改名</a>李宪。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">张世南《游宦纪闻》卷三说：“殷人以讳事神，而后有字。”钱希言在《戏瑕》中稱避讳之俗於夏商时已有，证据是《山海经》中往往把夏后启写作夏后开。但陈光坚《讳源略说》一文以为此說证据不足。洪迈《容斋三笔·帝王讳名》提出，避讳之制始于周代，但仅在本庙中避讳。赵翼《陔余丛考·避讳》主张避讳习俗始于东周，即春秋时期。陈光坚《讳源略说》亦稱避讳起自春秋时期。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span 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href="https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/pdfdownload?filePath=lV8OirTfsslWcCxIpLbUfhQHstx_oOBLIqZys1B02K01BizG5bYo-zHJmiChvTan&imgType=Bn5sH4BGpJw=&key=Eb5MNVafgL1FgO-dJoQzqVDMs_FSw0Wd7nxykAVA85CKgWSYS08VnQ==&xmlId=0005802151">《恒先》與老子</a>. 《政大中文學報》. 2005年6月. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918133604/https://pdfhost.io/pdf/df51e716-0c74-41c6-a3ce-6b4b6cbe5a01/8d300176-2aae-406a-9f2b-4a14d97e1c0e.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021）.</cite><span 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">楊秀芳. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccl.hkust.edu.hk/files/publication/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E9%9B%86%E5%88%8A/Volume%203_No.2%20(2009).pdf">從《老子》異文看「恆」與「極」的語言關係</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 臺灣大學. 2009年. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918135405/https://ccl.hkust.edu.hk/files/publication/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E9%9B%86%E5%88%8A/Volume%203_No.2%20%282009%29.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&rft.au=%E6%A5%8A%E7%A7%80%E8%8A%B3&rft.btitle=%E5%BE%9E%E3%80%8A%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E3%80%8B%E7%95%B0%E6%96%87%E7%9C%8B%E3%80%8C%E6%81%86%E3%80%8D%E8%88%87%E3%80%8C%E6%A5%B5%E3%80%8D%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccl.hkust.edu.hk%2Ffiles%2Fpublication%2F%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259C%258B%25E8%25AA%259E%25E8%25A8%2580%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E9%259B%2586%25E5%2588%258A%2FVolume%25203_No.2%2520%282009%29.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">任法融. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fysk.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%93%E9%87%8B%E7%BE%A9.pdf">道德經釋義</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 2020年. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918135511/https://www.fysk.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%93%E9%87%8B%E7%BE%A9.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&rft.au=%E4%BB%BB%E6%B3%95%E8%9E%8D&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%93%E9%87%8B%E7%BE%A9&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fysk.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F04%2F%25E9%2581%2593%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E7%25B6%2593%25E9%2587%258B%25E7%25BE%25A9.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="https://ntupsr.s3.amazonaws.com/psr/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/01.-%E6%9E%97%E4%BF%8A%E5%AE%8F.pdf">氣、身體與政治 ── 《老子河上公注》的政治思想分析</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 《政治科學論叢》. 2003年. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918142809/https://ntupsr.s3.amazonaws.com/psr/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/01.-%E6%9E%97%E4%BF%8A%E5%AE%8F.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E4%BF%8A%E5%AE%8F&rft.btitle=%E6%B0%A3%E3%80%81%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%94%E8%88%87%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB+%E2%94%80%E2%94%80+%E3%80%8A%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%8A%E5%85%AC%E6%B3%A8%E3%80%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E3%80%8A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E8%AB%96%E5%8F%A2%E3%80%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntupsr.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpsr%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F10%2F01.-%25E6%259E%2597%25E4%25BF%258A%25E5%25AE%258F.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">潘銘基. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/journal/articles/v49p035.pdf">《史記》與先秦兩漢互見典籍避諱研究</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 香港中文大學中國語言及文學系. 2009年. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200712204106/http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/journal/articles/v49p035.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2020）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&rft.au=%E6%BD%98%E9%8A%98%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98%E3%80%8B%E8%88%87%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6%E5%85%A9%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%92%E8%A6%8B%E5%85%B8%E7%B1%8D%E9%81%BF%E8%AB%B1%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuhk.edu.hk%2Fics%2Fjournal%2Farticles%2Fv49p035.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">李晖. 兽子‧虎子‧马子─溲器民俗文化抉微. 《民俗研究》. 2003, (4): 176. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nppa.gov.cn/nppa/publishing/view.shtml?&pubCode=37-1178%2FK&typeNum=2"><span title="国内统一刊号">CN 37-1178/K</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1002-4360"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1002-4360</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&rft.atitle=%E5%85%BD%E5%AD%90%E2%80%A7%E8%99%8E%E5%AD%90%E2%80%A7%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%90%E2%94%80%E6%BA%B2%E5%99%A8%E6%B0%91%E4%BF%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%89%E5%BE%AE&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E6%99%96&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1002-4360&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B0%91%E4%BF%97%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6+%E3%80%8B&rft.pages=176&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">冯双元. 也谈“虎子”与“马子”. 《东南文化》. 2006, (5). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nppa.gov.cn/nppa/publishing/view.shtml?&pubCode=32-1096%2FK&typeNum=2"><span title="国内统一刊号">CN 32-1096/K</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1001-179X"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1001-179X</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&rft.atitle=%E4%B9%9F%E8%B0%88%E2%80%9C%E8%99%8E%E5%AD%90%E2%80%9D%E4%B8%8E%E2%80%9C%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%90%E2%80%9D&rft.au=%E5%86%AF%E5%8F%8C%E5%85%83&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1001-179X&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E3%80%8B&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">謝向榮. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/curriculum-development/kla/chi-edu/resources/secondary-edu/lang/CT03_1_2018.pdf">諸葛亮《出師表》</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 文言經典閱讀與賞析（二）：超世與忠君. 2018年. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918140118/https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/curriculum-development/kla/chi-edu/resources/secondary-edu/lang/CT03_1_2018.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&rft.atitle=%E8%AB%B8%E8%91%9B%E4%BA%AE%E3%80%8A%E5%87%BA%E5%B8%AB%E8%A1%A8%E3%80%8B&rft.au=%E8%AC%9D%E5%90%91%E6%A6%AE&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80%E8%88%87%E8%B3%9E%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%88%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A%E8%B6%85%E4%B8%96%E8%88%87%E5%BF%A0%E5%90%9B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edb.gov.hk%2Fattachment%2Ftc%2Fcurriculum-development%2Fkla%2Fchi-edu%2Fresources%2Fsecondary-edu%2Flang%2FCT03_1_2018.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">清·<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%9D%E6%87%BF%E8%A1%8C" title="郝懿行">郝懿行</a>《晉宋書故·元由》：「元，始初也；由，萌蘗也。論事所起，或言元起，或言元來，或言元故，或言元舊，皆是也。今人為書，元俱作原字……蓋起於前明初造，事涉元朝，文字簿書率皆易『元』為原。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">明沈德符《萬曆野獲編》：「俱以原字代元字，蓋民間追恨元人，不欲書其國號也。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%94%90%E6%96%87" title="全唐文">全唐文</a>》卷四：「依禮，二名義不偏諱……其官號、人名及公私文籍，有『世』及『民』兩字不連讀者，並不須避。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xintangshu-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xintangshu_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">陳垣：《史諱舉例》，（北京：北京科學出版社，1958年），頁5。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rongzhai-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rongzhai_32-0"><sup><b>32.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rongzhai_32-1"><sup><b>32.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rongzhai_32-2"><sup><b>32.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《容齋三筆·卷十一·帝王諱名》：「太宗諱字內有從耳從火者，又有梗音，今為人姓如故。高宗諱從勹從口者亦然。真宗諱從心從亘，音胡登切。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E4%B9%A6" title="晋书">晋书</a>·志第十·礼中》太元十三年，召孔安国为侍中。安国表以黄门郎王愉名犯私讳，不得连署，求解。有司议云：“名终讳之，有心所同，闻名心瞿，亦明前诰。而《礼》复云‘君所无私讳，大夫之所有公讳’，无私讳。又云‘诗书不讳，临文不讳’。岂非公义夺私情，王制屈家礼哉！尚书安众男臣先表中兵曹郎王祐名犯父讳，求解职，明诏爰发，听许换曹，盖是恩出制外耳。而顷者互相瞻式，源流既启，莫知其极。夫皇朝礼大，百僚备职，编官列署，动相经涉。若以私讳，人遂其心，则移官易职，迁流莫已，既违典法，有亏政体。请一断之。”从之。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8C%E5%BA%9C%E5%85%83%E9%BE%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="册府元龟">册府元龟</a>·卷八百六十三》◎总录部·名讳</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">如果人家的父親名叫「晉肅」，就可以不讓他的兒子去參加進士考試的話；那麼如果他爸名字叫「仁」的話，他兒子難道不能做人嗎！</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="明">明</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9D%E8%82%87%E6%B7%9B" title="謝肇淛">謝肇淛</a>，《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%9B%9C%E4%BF%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="五雜俎">五雜俎</a>》（卷181）：“馮道門客講《道德經》，首章「道可道，非常道」，門客見犯其諱多，乃曰：‘不敢說，可不敢說，非常不敢說。’”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90" class="mw-redirect" title="唐">唐</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E6%88%90%E5%BC%8F" title="段成式">段成式</a>，《<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%89%E9%99%BD%E9%9B%9C%E4%BF%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="酉陽雜俎">酉陽雜俎</a>》（卷17）：“鯉，脊中鱗一道，每鱗有小黑點，大小皆三十六鱗。國朝律，取得鯉魚即宜放，仍不得吃，號赤公。賣者杖六十，言「鯉」為「李」也。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="明">明</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E5%AE%8F" title="費宏">費宏</a>等，《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="明實錄">大明武宗毅皇帝實錄</a>》（卷181）：“時上巡幸所至，禁民間蓄豬，遠近屠殺殆盡；田家有產者悉投諸水。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《史讳举例》陈垣</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">陳垣《史諱舉例》：清之避諱，自康熙帝之漢名始。雍乾之世，避諱至嚴，當時文字獄中，至以詩文筆記之對於廟諱御名有無敬避，為順逆憑證。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《清代名人傳略》中冊頁143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shishi-xinbao-1914.07.27/page/n4/mode/1up?view=theater">呈請避諱之駁斥</a>. 時事新報 (上海). 1914-07-27. <q>兩廣方言學校畢業生邱文彬，乃呈請教育部……明令天下，『邱』字依舊避諱……不意內（務）部得此，竟回咨駁斥……爲親者諱，謂之私諱；爲尊者諱，謂之公諱……現在政體改建，諱法已不適用，則公諱之典，自不必更相沿襲……就習慣上言，固已無直呼孔子之名者，所請轉呈明令依舊敬避之處，應毋庸議</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&rft.atitle=%E5%91%88%E8%AB%8B%E9%81%BF%E8%AB%B1%E4%B9%8B%E9%A7%81%E6%96%A5&rft.date=1914-07-27&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%99%82%E4%BA%8B%E6%96%B0%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshishi-xinbao-1914.07.27%2Fpage%2Fn4%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/limedio/dlam/B1241188/1/vol05/kume/716.htm">《毛氏家譜（與世山家）·五世維基》</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>：「次男宣哲（哲字因國禁改明）」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/limedio/dlam/B1241188/1/vol05/kume/420.htm">《孫氏家譜（安座間家）·四世有温》</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>：「四世有温（温字因國禁改謂有和）」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/limedio/dlam/B1241188/1/vol05/naha/548.htm">《新参林姓家譜（佐久川家）·新参四世泰雄》</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>：「新参四世泰雄（因泰之字國禁改春）」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/limedio/dlam/B1241188/1/vol05/kume/495.htm">《陳姓家譜（仲本家）·十二世》</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>：「十二世諱弘澤（弘字因禁止改宏）」【註：乾隆帝諱弘曆。】</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/limedio/dlam/B1241188/1/vol05/syuri/534.htm">《馬姓家譜·小祿家·十二世馬克承》</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2017年10月失效">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>：「十二世馬克承童名思龜名乘良泰（因泰之字國禁改忠）」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/limedio/dlam/B1241188/1/vol05/kume/721.htm">《毛氏家譜（與世山家）·六世宣猷》</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>：「六世宣猷（宣字因國禁改廷柱）」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/limedio/dlam/B1241188/1/vol05/syuri/265.htm">《向姓家譜（具志川家）·十世諱宣謨》</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>：「十世諱宣謨今歸仁王子童名思德金名乘朝忠（忠之字因禁止改義）」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/limedio/dlam/B1241188/1/vol05/naha/468.htm">《平姓家譜（當間家）·七世重富》</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a 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style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">見鳳巖寺《靜眞大師塔碑文》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216041017/http://sillok.history.go.kr/inspection/insp_king.jsp?id=wua_12612002_002&tabid=w&mTree=0&inResult=0&indextype=1">《朝鮮王朝實錄·英祖實錄·二十六年十二月》</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-02-12</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sillok.history.go.kr/inspection/insp_king.jsp?id=wua_12612002_002&tabid=w&mTree=0&inResult=0&indextype=1">原始内容</a>存档于2022-02-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84%C2%B7%E8%8B%B1%E7%A5%96%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84%C2%B7%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsillok.history.go.kr%2Finspection%2Finsp_king.jsp%3Fid%3Dwua_12612002_002%26tabid%3Dw%26mTree%3D0%26inResult%3D0%26indextype%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/179/page/25">大南實錄前編·凡例</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210508140442/http://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/179/page/25">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）》：「地名遇廟諱、尊字，或從今名，或缺一筆。至於人名，皆改別字，以示敬也。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210403024300/https://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/162/page/11">《大南正編列傳初集·偽西列傳》</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-30</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/162/page/11">原始内容</a>存档于2021-04-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%97%E6%AD%A3%E7%B7%A8%E5%88%97%E5%82%B3%E5%88%9D%E9%9B%86%C2%B7%E5%81%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%88%97%E5%82%B3%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.nomfoundation.org%2Fcollection%2F1%2Fvolume%2F162%2Fpage%2F11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/179/page/36">大南實錄前編·卷一</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130615153352/http://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/179/page/36">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/336/page/1">國朝正編撮要·卷之一</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200516184933/http://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/336/page/1">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）》：「世祖高皇帝，諱左從日右從爰，又諱左從日右從英，又諱左從禾右從重。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">汪婕《对魏晋南北朝"父子不嫌同名"怪现象之思考》井冈山大学学报·社会科学版 2009第6期</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%9E%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="陳垣">陳垣</a>：《史諱舉例》，上海書店出版社，1997年6月出版。<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7806222529" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7806222529</a></li> <li>王建編：《史諱辭典》，汲古書院，1997年出版。<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/476291049X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 476291049X</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="日語">（日語）</span> 井波陵一論文「<span lang="ja">使えない字 : 諱と<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E7%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢籍">漢籍</a></span>」，收錄於京都大學人文科學研究所附屬漢字情報研究中心編纂的《<span lang="ja">漢籍はおもしろい</span>》，2008年</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="越南語">（越南文）</span> Ngô Đức Thọ <i>Nghiên cứu chữ huy Việt Nam qua các triều đại / Les Caractères Interdits au Vietnam à Travers l’Histoire</i>. (traduit et annoté par Emmanuel Poisson, Hà Nội: Nxb Văn hoá, 1997)……</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right infobox sisterproject" style="width:20em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/29px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/43px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">您可以在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="維基文庫">維基文庫</a>中查找此百科條目的相關原始文獻： <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ol><li><b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E4%BB%A3%E5%B8%9D%E7%8E%8B%E5%BB%9F%E8%AC%9A%E5%B9%B4%E8%AB%B1%E8%AD%9C" class="extiw" title="s:歷代帝王廟謚年諱譜">歷代帝王廟謚年諱譜</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A5%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%A4%E8%BD%89%E9%A3%AD%E5%90%84%E6%9B%B8%E5%9D%8A%E9%81%B5%E7%85%A7%E6%94%B9%E6%AD%A3%E5%B0%88%E5%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E9%81%BF%E8%AB%B1%E5%90%84%E5%AD%97%E7%AD%89%E5%9B%A0%E4%BB%B0%E8%BD%89%E9%A3%AD%E9%81%B5%E7%85%A7%E7%94%B1" class="extiw" 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title="兒媳">兒媳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%A9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="女婿">女婿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E5%A9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="儿婿">儿婿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E5%AE%B6" title="夫家">夫家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AE%B6" title="妻家">妻家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B3%E7%88%B6" title="岳父">岳父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B3%E6%AF%8D" title="岳母">岳母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="家翁">家翁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%A9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="家婆">家婆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E8%88%85" title="妻舅">妻舅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%91%E7%88%B7" title="姑爷">姑爷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%BF%E9%A4%8A%E5%AD%90" title="婿養子">婿養子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E9%A4%8A%E5%AA%B3" title="童養媳">童養媳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%AF%E5%A8%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="妯娌">妯娌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%85%E5%A9%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="娅婿">娅婿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E8%A6%AA" title="繼親">继亲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E7%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="繼父">继父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="繼母">继母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="繼子">继子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E5%A5%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="繼女">继女</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%88%9A" title="外戚">外戚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E5%A6%BB" title="夫妻">夫妻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="夫夫">夫夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%BD%E6%89%8B_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="牽手 (消歧義)">牽手</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%B4%85" title="入贅">入贅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BC%8F%E5%A9%9A%E7%A6%AE" title="中式婚禮">中式婚禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="同性婚姻">同性婚姻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%AA%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="近親婚姻">近親婚姻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%8C%E4%BB%8E%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%8E%E4%BA%A4%E9%94%99%E4%BB%8E%E8%A1%A8" title="平行从表与交错从表">平行從表與交錯從表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="人名">姓名</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%A7%93" title="汉姓">汉姓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D)" title="名 (人名)">名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%90%8D" title="本名">本名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E5%90%8D" title="訓名">训名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9C%E5%90%8D" title="譜名">谱名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E5%90%8D" title="乳名">乳名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="幼名">幼名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%AD%97" title="表字">表字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B7" title="号">号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E5%A7%93" title="冠姓">冠姓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8A%E7%A7%B0" title="尊称">尊称</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%B5%E7%A7%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="昵称">昵称</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="祖先">祖亲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="祖父母">祖父母</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="祖父母">祖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="祖父母">祖母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="祖父母">外祖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="祖父母">外祖母</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="曾祖父母">曾祖父母</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="曾祖父母">曾祖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="曾祖父母">曾祖母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="曾祖父母">外曾祖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="曾祖父母">外曾祖母</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E6%9C%AC" title="親本">父母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E6%9C%AC" title="親本">親本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E4%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="父亲">父亲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E6%84%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="父愛">父爱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA%E7%AF%80" title="父親節">父親節</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E6%AC%8A" title="父權">父權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="父系制度">父系制度</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="母亲">母亲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E6%84%9B" title="母愛">母愛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%B2%E8%8A%82" title="母亲节">母亲节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E6%AC%8A" title="母權">母權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="母系制度">母系制度</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E5%A6%88%E5%A6%88" title="足球妈妈">足球妈妈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%B2%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD" title="Category:母亲身份">母親身份</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E9%95%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="家長">家长</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%BB" title="家主">家主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E9%95%B7%E5%BC%8F%E9%A0%98%E5%B0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="家長式領導">家長式領導</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E8%AD%B7%E4%BA%BA" title="監護人">監護人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="親子關係">親子關係</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%AD%90" title="兒子">兒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%85%92" title="女兒">女兒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="親子關係">父婴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E5%AC%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="母嬰">母婴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="親子關係">父子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="親子關係">父女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="親子關係">母子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="親子關係">母女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E4%BD%8D%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="代位父母">代位父母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%BD%E5%AF%B6" title="媽寶">媽寶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%BC%E7%88%B8" title="狼爸">狼爸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%A1%E5%AD%90%E6%9B%B8" title="誡子書">誡子書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%90%E6%80%A7%E5%8D%95%E4%BA%B2" title="隐性单亲">隐性单亲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A6%AA%E5%AD%90%E6%B3%95" title="Category:親子法">親子法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%E6%94%B6%E9%A4%8A" title="LGBT收養">LGBT收養</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E5%AD%90%E9%89%B4%E5%AE%9A" title="亲子鉴定">亲子鉴定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E5%B9%B4%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="幼年原則">幼年原則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E9%A4%8A" title="收養">收養</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E6%AD%A3" title="準正">準正</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E9%A0%98" title="認領">認領</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E7%BB%A7" title="过继">过继</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%A9%9A%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%A5%B3" title="非婚生子女">非婚生子女</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82" title="Category:親屬稱謂">親屬稱謂</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%96%E8%88%87%E5%82%B3%E6%89%BF" title="Category:家世與傳承">直系血親</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">上四代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%A5%96" title="高祖">高祖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="曾祖父母">曾祖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="祖先">祖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="父">父</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">下九代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90" class="mw-disambig" title="子">子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="孫">孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="曾孙">曾孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="玄孙">玄孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A5%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="来孙">來孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9C%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="晜孙">晜孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8D%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="仍孙">仍孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="云孙">雲孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E5%AD%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="耳孫">耳孫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%B2%E5%B1%9E%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93" title="Category:男性亲属称谓">男性亲属称谓</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="丈夫" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%88%E5%A4%AB" title="丈夫">丈夫</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%85%AC" class="mw-disambig" title="老公">老公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F" title="先生">先生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E7%88%B7" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="老爷">老爷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="外子">外子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%AC" class="mw-disambig" title="相公">相公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E5%90%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="夫君">夫君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8E%E5%90%9B" class="mw-disambig" title="郎君">郎君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%88%E5%A4%AB" title="丈夫">官人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E5%A4%AB" title="情夫">情夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="同夫">同夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B0%A5%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="鰥夫">鳏夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="人夫">人夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="前夫">前夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%9C%8B%E5%8F%8B" title="男朋友">男朋友</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B6" title="伯父">伯父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%94%E7%88%B6" title="叔父">叔父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%91%E7%88%B6" title="姑父">姑父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%A8%E7%88%B6" title="姨父">姨父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%85%E7%88%B6" title="舅父">舅父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E9%95%B7%E5%AD%90" title="嫡長子">嫡長子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%AD%90" title="猶子">猶子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9D%E5%9B%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="囝囝">囝囝</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%B2%E5%B1%9E%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93" title="Category:女性亲属称谓">女性亲属称谓</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="妻子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">妻子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">老婆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">太太</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="夫人">夫人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">内子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="內人">内人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">娘子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BE" title="妾">妾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%B5" title="媵">媵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" title="嫡庶">嫡庶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E5%A6%BB" title="嫡妻">嫡妻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E5%AE%A4" title="繼室">繼室</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A6%BB" title="平妻">平妻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E8%B3%BC%E6%96%B0%E5%A8%98" title="郵購新娘">郵購新娘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E5%A9%A6" title="情婦">情婦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%A6%BB" title="同妻">同妻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A1%E5%A6%87" class="mw-redirect" title="寡妇">寡妇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="妻子">人妻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%A6%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="前妻">前妻</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%9C%8B%E5%8F%8B" title="女朋友">女朋友</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="伯母">伯母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%94%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="叔母">叔母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%91%E6%AF%8D" title="姑母">姑母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%A8%E6%AF%8D" title="姨母">姨母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%85%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="舅母">舅母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%B6" title="婶">婶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%85%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="舅母">妗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A1%E5%9B%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="囡囡">囡囡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E5%A7%90%E5%A6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="兄弟姐妹">兄弟姐妹</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%84" class="mw-redirect" title="兄">兄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="弟">弟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%90" class="mw-redirect" title="姐">姐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="妹">妹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E4%BA%B2" title="堂亲">堂亲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E5%85%84" class="mw-redirect" title="堂兄">堂兄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E4%BA%B2" title="堂亲">堂弟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E4%BA%B2" title="堂亲">堂姐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E4%BA%B2" title="堂亲">堂妹</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A6%AA" title="表親">表親</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A6%AA" title="表親">表兄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A6%AA" title="表親">表弟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A6%AA" 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