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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Earliest_evidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earliest_evidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Earliest evidence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earliest_evidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa_and_Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa_and_Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Africa and Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa_and_Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_and_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_and_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Asia and Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_and_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages_and_early_modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages_and_early_modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middle Ages and early modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages_and_early_modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia_and_Europe_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_and_Europe_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Asia and Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_and_Europe_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Industrial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia_and_Europe_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_and_Europe_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Asia and Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_and_Europe_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Globalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Globalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Globalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Globalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_folklore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_folklore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Culture and folklore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_folklore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Athletic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Athletic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Boot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dress_and_casual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dress_and_casual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Dress and casual</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dress_and_casual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Men's" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men's"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Men's</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men's-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women's" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Women's</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unisex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unisex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Unisex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unisex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthopedic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthopedic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Orthopedic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthopedic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Measures_and_sizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Measures_and_sizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Measures and sizes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Measures_and_sizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accessories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Accessories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Removal_of_shoes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal_of_shoes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Removal of shoes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal_of_shoes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shoe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 128 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-128" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">128 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoen" title="Skoen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skoen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuh" title="Schuh – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schuh" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%AB%E1%88%9B_(%E1%88%8D%E1%89%A3%E1%88%A0_%E1%8A%A5%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AD)" title="ጫማ (ልባሠ እግር) – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጫማ (ልባሠ እግር)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sc%C5%8Dh" title="Scōh – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Scōh" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="حذاء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حذاء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A3%DC%90%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܣܐܘܢܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܣܐܘܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapatu" title="Zapatu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zapatu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जुता – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जुता" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapatu" title="Sapatu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Sapatu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaqqab%C4%B1" title="Ayaqqabı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ayaqqabı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="জুতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জুতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8A-%C3%A1" title="Ê-á – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ê-á" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Туфли – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Туфли" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Туфлі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Туфлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapatos" title="Sapatos – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sapatos" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Обувка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обувка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuah" title="Schuah – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schuah" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botez" title="Botez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Botez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabata" title="Sabata – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sabata" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obuv" title="Obuv – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obuv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangu" title="Shangu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Shangu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapato" title="Shapato – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Shapato" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esgid" title="Esgid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Esgid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sko" title="Sko – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sko" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuh" title="Schuh – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Schuh" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuh" title="Schuh – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schuh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingad" title="Kingad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kingad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9" title="Παπούτσι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παπούτσι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapato" title="Zapato – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zapato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cuo" title="Ŝuo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝuo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapata_(oinetakoa)" title="Zapata (oinetakoa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zapata (oinetakoa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%81%D8%B4" title="کفش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کفش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaussure" title="Chaussure – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chaussure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B3g" title="Bróg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bróg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braag" title="Braag – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Braag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B2g" title="Bròg – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bròg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapato" title="Zapato – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zapato" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0i-%C3%A8" title="Hài-è – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hài-è" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EB%B0%9C" title="신발 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신발" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B7%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Կոշիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոշիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जूता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जूता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipela" title="Cipela – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cipela" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuo" title="Shuo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Shuo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepatu" title="Sepatu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sepatu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarpa" title="Scarpa – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Scarpa" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiHlangu" title="IsiHlangu – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiHlangu" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%B3r" title="Skór – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skór" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarpa" title="Scarpa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scarpa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="נעליים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נעליים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepatu" title="Sepatu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sepatu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%82" title="ಶೂ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶೂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiatu" title="Kiatu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiatu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soulye" title="Soulye – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Soulye" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAlav" title="Pêlav – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pêlav" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapin" title="Chapin – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Chapin" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%9A" title="ເກີບ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເກີບ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurpes" title="Kurpes – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kurpes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schong" title="Schong – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schong" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batai" title="Batai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Batai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badagahe" title="Badagahe – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Badagahe" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sap%C3%A1to" title="Sapáto – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sapáto" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapato" title="Sapato – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sapato" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cutci" title="cutci – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cutci" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarpa" title="Scarpa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Scarpa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cip%C5%91" title="Cipő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cipő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чевли – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чевли" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasut" title="Kasut – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kasut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80%CC%A4" title="À̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="À̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Гутал – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гутал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="ဖိနပ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖိနပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoen" title="Schoen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schoen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scho" title="Scho – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Scho" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जुत्ता – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जुत्ता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="लाकां – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लाकां" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%B4" title="靴 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="靴" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sko" title="Sko – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sko" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sko" title="Sko – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sko" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyoq_kiyimi" title="Oyoq kiyimi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oyoq kiyimi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87" title="ਜੁੱਤੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੁੱਤੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuhe" title="Schuhe – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Schuhe" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koco" title="Koco – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Koco" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8F%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="جُتی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جُتی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%BC%DB%90" title="پڼې – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پڼې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoh" title="Schoh – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Schoh" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buty" title="Buty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Buty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapato" title="Sapato – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sapato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaqqap" title="Ayaqqap – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ayaqqap" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantof" title="Pantof – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pantof" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapatu" title="Sapatu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sapatu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Туфли – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туфли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱟᱱᱟᱦᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱟᱱᱟᱦᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8F%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="جُتی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جُتی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shae" title="Shae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeta" title="Seeta – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Seeta" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeta" title="Seeta – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Seeta" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setlhako" title="Setlhako – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Setlhako" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ABpuca" title="Këpuca – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Këpuca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="පාවහන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පාවහන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoe" title="Shoe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shoe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cevelj" title="Čevelj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čevelj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strzewiki" title="Strzewiki – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Strzewiki" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo" title="Kabo – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kabo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%DA%B5%D8%A7%D9%88" title="پێڵاو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێڵاو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ципеле – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ципеле" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipele" title="Cipele – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cipele" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapatu" title="Sapatu – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sapatu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenk%C3%A4" title="Kenkä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kenkä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sko" title="Sko – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sko" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapatos" title="Sapatos – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sapatos" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF" title="காலணி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காலணி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="รองเท้า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รองเท้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27k%C3%AAhan%C3%B4tse" title="Mo'kêhanôtse – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Mo'kêhanôtse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayakkab%C4%B1" title="Ayakkabı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ayakkabı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwatak" title="Kwatak – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kwatak" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="Легке взуття – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Легке взуття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="جوتا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوتا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A0y" title="Giày – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giày" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%A8" title="屨 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="屨" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoe" title="Schoe – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Schoe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapatos" title="Sapatos – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sapatos" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9E%8B" title="鞋 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鞋" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9A" title="שיך – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שיך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9E%8B" title="鞋 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鞋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewl" title="Sewl – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sewl" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9E%8B" title="鞋 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鞋" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepatu" title="Sepatu – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Sepatu" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasut" title="Kasut – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Kasut" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapatu" title="Sapatu – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Sapatu" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Footwear</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about footwear. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Shoe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Shoe (disambiguation)">Shoe (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Insole" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Insole_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Insole (disambiguation)">Insole (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skor_fr%C3%A5n_1700-_till_1960-talet_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0056302.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three blue shelves on a black background. The top shelf displays a pair of pink high heels, a wedge sandal and a dance heel shoe. The middle shelf displays a variety of low-heeled, slipper-type shoes. The bottom shelf displays two antique heeled shoes and a pair of kid's shoes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Skor_fr%C3%A5n_1700-_till_1960-talet_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0056302.jpg/275px-Skor_fr%C3%A5n_1700-_till_1960-talet_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0056302.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Skor_fr%C3%A5n_1700-_till_1960-talet_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0056302.jpg/413px-Skor_fr%C3%A5n_1700-_till_1960-talet_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0056302.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Skor_fr%C3%A5n_1700-_till_1960-talet_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0056302.jpg/550px-Skor_fr%C3%A5n_1700-_till_1960-talet_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0056302.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="967" /></a><figcaption>A variety of shoes displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Museum" title="Nordic Museum">Nordic Museum</a>, including models from 1700 to the 1960s.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>shoe</b> is an item of <a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">footwear</a> intended to protect and comfort the human <a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">foot</a>. Though the human foot can adapt to varied terrains and climate conditions, it is vulnerable, and shoes provide protection. Form was originally tied to function, but over time, shoes also became fashion items. Some shoes are worn as safety equipment, such as <a href="/wiki/Steel-toe_boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel-toe boots">steel-toe boots</a>, which are required footwear at industrial worksites. </p><p>Additionally, shoes have often evolved into many different designs, such as <a href="/wiki/High-heeled_shoe" title="High-heeled shoe">high heels</a>, which are most commonly worn by women during fancy occasions. Contemporary footwear varies vastly in style, complexity and cost. Basic <a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">sandals</a> may consist of only a thin <a href="/wiki/Sole_(shoe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sole (shoe)">sole</a> and simple strap and be sold for a low cost. High fashion shoes made by famous <a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">designers</a> may be made of expensive materials, use complex construction and sell for large sums of money. Some shoes are designed for specific purposes, such as <a href="/wiki/Boot" title="Boot">boots</a> designed specifically for <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering_boot" title="Mountaineering boot">mountaineering</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ski_boot" title="Ski boot">skiing</a>, while others have more generalized usage such as <a href="/wiki/Sneakers" title="Sneakers">sneakers</a> which have transformed from a special purpose sport shoe into a general use shoe. </p><p>Traditionally, shoes have been made from <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> or <a href="/wiki/Canvas" title="Canvas">canvas</a>, but are increasingly being made from <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_rubber" title="Synthetic rubber">rubber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastics</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">petrochemical</a>-derived materials.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Globally, the shoe industry is a $200 billion a year industry.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 90% of shoes end up in landfills, because the materials are hard to separate, recycle or otherwise reuse.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chalcolithic_leather_shoe_from_Areni-1_cave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chalcolithic_leather_shoe_from_Areni-1_cave.jpg/170px-Chalcolithic_leather_shoe_from_Areni-1_cave.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chalcolithic_leather_shoe_from_Areni-1_cave.jpg/255px-Chalcolithic_leather_shoe_from_Areni-1_cave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chalcolithic_leather_shoe_from_Areni-1_cave.jpg/340px-Chalcolithic_leather_shoe_from_Areni-1_cave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1245" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Areni-1_shoe" title="Areni-1 shoe">oldest known leather shoe</a>, about 5500 years old, found in <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandalias_de_esparto_(29139609730).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sandalias_de_esparto_%2829139609730%29.jpg/220px-Sandalias_de_esparto_%2829139609730%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sandalias_de_esparto_%2829139609730%29.jpg/330px-Sandalias_de_esparto_%2829139609730%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sandalias_de_esparto_%2829139609730%29.jpg/440px-Sandalias_de_esparto_%2829139609730%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1937" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Esparto" title="Esparto">Esparto</a> sandals from the <a href="/wiki/6th_millennium_BC" title="6th millennium BC">6th</a> or <a href="/wiki/5th_millennium_BC" title="5th millennium BC">5th millennium BC</a> found in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0263.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0263.png/220px-Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0263.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0263.png/330px-Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0263.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0263.png/440px-Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0263.png 2x" data-file-width="1628" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>Roman shoes: a man's,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a woman's<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a child's<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shoe from <a href="/wiki/Bar_Hill_Fort" title="Bar Hill Fort">Bar Hill Roman Fort</a>, Scotland.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Earliest_evidence">Earliest evidence</h4></div> <p>The earliest known shoes are sagebrush bark <a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">sandals</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dating" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dating">dating</a> from approximately 7000 or 8000 BC, found in the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Rock_Cave" title="Fort Rock Cave">Fort Rock Cave</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-Connolly_Tom_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connolly_Tom-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The world's <a href="/wiki/Areni-1_shoe" title="Areni-1 shoe">oldest leather shoe</a>, made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in the <a href="/wiki/Areni-1_cave_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Areni-1 cave complex">Areni-1 cave complex</a> in <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> in 2008 and is believed to date to 3500 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Ravilious_Kate_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ravilious_Kate-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Petraglia_Michael_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petraglia_Michael-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi_the_Iceman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ötzi the Iceman">Ötzi the Iceman</a>'s shoes, dating to 3300 BC, featured brown bearskin bases, deerskin side panels, and a bark-string net, which pulled tight around the foot.<sup id="cite_ref-Ravilious_Kate_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ravilious_Kate-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Jotunheimen_shoe" title="Jotunheimen shoe">Jotunheimen shoe</a> was discovered in August 2006: archaeologists estimate that this leather shoe was made between 1800 and 1100 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-Nesje_Pilø_Finstad_Solli_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nesje_Pilø_Finstad_Solli-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the oldest article of clothing discovered in Scandinavia. Sandals and other plant fiber based tools were found in <a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_los_Murci%C3%A9lagos" title="Cueva de los Murciélagos">Cueva de los Murciélagos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albu%C3%B1ol" title="Albuñol">Albuñol</a> in southern Spain in 2023, dating to approximately 7500 to 4200 BC, making them what are believed to be the oldest shoes found in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Science_Advances_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science_Advances-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is thought that shoes may have been used long before this, but because the materials used were highly perishable, it is difficult to find evidence of the earliest footwear.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_Olivia_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson_Olivia-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Footprints" class="mw-redirect" title="Footprints">Footprints</a> suggestive of shoes or sandals due to having crisp edges, no signs of toes found and three small divots where leather tying laces/straps would have been attached have been at <a href="/wiki/Garden_Route_National_Park" title="Garden Route National Park">Garden Route National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Addo_Elephant_National_Park" title="Addo Elephant National Park">Addo Elephant National Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goukamma_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Goukamma Marine Protected Area">Goukamma Nature Reserve</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These date back to between 73,000 and 136,000 PB. Consistent with the existence of such shoe is the finding of <a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">bone awls</a> dating back to this period that could have made simple footwear.<sup id="cite_ref-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another source of evidence is the study of the bones of the smaller toes (as opposed to the big toe), it was observed that their thickness decreased approximately 40,000 to 26,000 years ago. This led <a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">archaeologists</a> to deduce the existence of common rather than an occasional wearing of shoes as this would lead to less bone growth, resulting in shorter, thinner toes.<sup id="cite_ref-Trinkaus_Erik_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trinkaus_Erik-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These earliest designs were very simple, often mere "foot bags" of leather to protect the feet from rocks, debris, and cold. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Americas">Americas</h4></div> <p>Many early natives in North America wore a similar type of footwear, known as the <a href="/wiki/Moccasin" title="Moccasin">moccasin</a>. These are tight-fitting, soft-soled shoes typically made out of leather or <a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">bison</a> hides. Many moccasins were also decorated with various beads and other adornments. Moccasins were not designed to be waterproof, and in wet weather and warm summer months, most <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native Americans</a> went <a href="/wiki/Barefoot" title="Barefoot">barefoot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Laubin_Laubin_Vestal_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laubin_Laubin_Vestal-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves of the <a href="/wiki/Sisal" title="Sisal">sisal</a> plant were used to make <a href="/wiki/Twine" title="Twine">twine</a> for sandals in South America while the natives of Mexico used the <a href="/wiki/Yucca" title="Yucca">Yucca</a> plant.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtin_Cameron_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtin_Cameron-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeMello_Margo_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Africa_and_Middle_East">Africa and Middle East</h4></div> <p>As civilizations began to develop, thong sandals (precursors to the modern <a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">flip-flop</a>) were worn. This practice dates back to pictures of them in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a> murals from 4000 BC. "Thebet" may have been the term used to describe these sandals in Egyptian times, possibly from the city <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> is when the first of these thebets were found, but it is possible that it debuted in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic Period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One pair found in Europe was made of <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a> leaves and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dating" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dating">dated</a> to be approximately 1,500 years old. They were also worn in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> during the first century of the Christian era.<sup id="cite_ref-Kendzior_Russell_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kendzior_Russell-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thong sandals were worn by many civilizations and made from a vast variety of materials. Ancient Egyptian sandals were made from papyrus and palm leaves. The <a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Masai</a> of Africa made them out of <a href="/wiki/Rawhide_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawhide (textile)">rawhide</a>. In India they were made from wood. </p><p>While thong sandals were commonly worn, many people in ancient times, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greeks</a>, saw little need for footwear, and most of the time, preferred being barefoot.<sup id="cite_ref-Frazine_Richard_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Egyptians and Hindus made some use of ornamental footwear, such as a soleless sandal known as a "Cleopatra",<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which did not provide any practical protection for the foot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia_and_Europe">Asia and Europe</h4></div> <p>The ancient Greeks largely viewed footwear as self-indulgent, unaesthetic and unnecessary. Shoes were primarily worn in the theater, as a means of increasing stature, and many preferred to go barefoot.<sup id="cite_ref-Frazine_Richard_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athletes in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympic Games</a> participated barefoot—and naked.<sup id="cite_ref-ancient_olympics_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancient_olympics-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">gods</a> and heroes were primarily depicted barefoot, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Hoplite" title="Hoplite">hoplite</a> warriors. They fought battles in bare feet and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> conquered his vast empire with barefoot armies. The runners of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a> had also been believed to have run barefoot.<sup id="cite_ref-Krentz_Peter_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krentz_Peter-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6_Schoen_inheemse_soldaat_LegioIIAugusta_BlackBox_endeLimes_fotoAvdOord.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/6_Schoen_inheemse_soldaat_LegioIIAugusta_BlackBox_endeLimes_fotoAvdOord.jpg/220px-6_Schoen_inheemse_soldaat_LegioIIAugusta_BlackBox_endeLimes_fotoAvdOord.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/6_Schoen_inheemse_soldaat_LegioIIAugusta_BlackBox_endeLimes_fotoAvdOord.jpg/330px-6_Schoen_inheemse_soldaat_LegioIIAugusta_BlackBox_endeLimes_fotoAvdOord.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/6_Schoen_inheemse_soldaat_LegioIIAugusta_BlackBox_endeLimes_fotoAvdOord.jpg/440px-6_Schoen_inheemse_soldaat_LegioIIAugusta_BlackBox_endeLimes_fotoAvdOord.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption>Footwear of Roman soldiers (reconstruction)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, who eventually conquered the Greeks and adopted many aspects of their culture, did not adopt the Greek perception of footwear and clothing. <a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Rome" title="Clothing in ancient Rome">Roman clothing</a> was seen as a sign of power, and footwear was seen as a necessity of living in a civilized world, although the slaves and paupers usually went barefoot.<sup id="cite_ref-Frazine_Richard_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roman soldiers were issued with <a href="/wiki/Chiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiral">chiral</a> (left and right shoe different) footwear.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shoes for soldiers had riveted insoles to extend the life of the leather, increase comfort, and provide better traction. The design of these shoes also designated the rank of the officers. The more intricate the insignia and the higher up the boot went on the leg, the higher the rank of the soldier.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are references to shoes being worn in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In China and Japan, rice straws were used.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Starting around 4 BC, the Greeks began wearing symbolic footwear. These were heavily decorated to clearly indicate the status of the wearer. Courtesans wore leather shoes colored with white, green, lemon or yellow dyes, and young woman betrothed or newly married wore pure white shoes. Because of the cost to lighten leather, shoes of a paler shade were a symbol of wealth in the upper class. Often, the soles would be carved with a message so it would imprint on the ground. Cobblers became a notable profession around this time, with Greek shoemakers becoming famed in the Roman empire.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages_and_early_modern_period">Middle Ages and early modern period</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia_and_Europe_2">Asia and Europe</h4></div> <p>A common casual shoe in the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> during the Middle Ages was the <a href="/wiki/Espadrille" title="Espadrille">espadrille</a>. This is a sandal with braided jute soles and a fabric upper portion, and often includes fabric laces that tie around the ankle. The term is <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and comes from the <a href="/wiki/Esparto" title="Esparto">esparto</a> grass. The shoe originated in the <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonian</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> as early as the 13th century, and was commonly worn by <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasants</a> in the farming communities in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-DeMello_Margo_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New styles began to develop during the Song dynasty in China, some of them resulting from the binding of women's feet, first used by the noble Han classes, but soon spreading throughout Chinese society. The practice allegedly started during the Shang dynasty, but it grew popular by <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 960</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> conquered China, they dissolved the practice in 1279, and the Manchus banned foot binding in 1644. The Han people, however, continued the practice without much government intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walraversijde49.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Walraversijde49.jpg/220px-Walraversijde49.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Walraversijde49.jpg/330px-Walraversijde49.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Walraversijde49.jpg/440px-Walraversijde49.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Dutch pattens, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1465</span>. Excavated from the archeological site of <a href="/wiki/Walraversijde" title="Walraversijde">Walraversijde</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In medieval times shoes could be up to two feet long, with their toes sometimes filled with hair, wool, moss, or grass.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many medieval shoes were made using the <a href="/wiki/Turnshoe" title="Turnshoe">turnshoe</a> method of construction, in which the upper was turned flesh side out, and was lasted onto the sole and joined to the edge by a seam.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shoe was then turned inside-out so that the grain was outside. Some shoes were developed with toggled flaps or <a href="/wiki/Drawstring" title="Drawstring">drawstrings</a> to tighten the leather around the foot for a better fit. Surviving medieval turnshoes often fit the foot closely, with the right and left shoe being mirror images.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1500, the turnshoe method was largely replaced by the welted rand method (where the uppers are sewn to a much stiffer sole and the shoe cannot be turned inside-out).<sup id="cite_ref-Blair_John_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blair_John-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The turn shoe method is still used for some <a href="/wiki/Dance_shoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance shoe">dance</a> and specialty shoes. </p><p>By the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Patten_(shoe)" title="Patten (shoe)">pattens</a> became popular by both men and women in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. These are commonly seen as the predecessor of the modern <a href="/wiki/High-heeled_footwear" class="mw-redirect" title="High-heeled footwear">high-heeled shoe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-high_heels_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-high_heels-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the poor and lower classes in Europe, as well as slaves in the New World, were barefoot.<sup id="cite_ref-Frazine_Richard_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 15th century, the <a href="/wiki/Crakow_(shoe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crakow (shoe)">Crakow</a> was <a href="/wiki/1400%E2%80%931500_in_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="1400–1500 in fashion">fashionable</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. This style of shoe is named because it is thought to have originated in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. The style is characterized by the point of the shoe, known as the "polaine", which often was supported by a <a href="/wiki/Baleen" title="Baleen">whalebone</a> tied to the knee to prevent the point getting in the way while walking.<sup id="cite_ref-polaine_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polaine-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also during the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Chopine" title="Chopine">chopines</a> were created in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, and were usually 7–8 in (180–200 mm) high.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These shoes became popular in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> and throughout Europe, as a <a href="/wiki/Status_symbol" title="Status symbol">status symbol</a> revealing wealth and social standing. During the 16th century, royalty, such as <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de_Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine de Medici">Catherine de Medici</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I of England</a>, started wearing high-heeled shoes to make them look taller or larger than life. By 1580, even men wore them, and a person with authority or wealth was often referred to as, "well-heeled".<sup id="cite_ref-high_heels_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-high_heels-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 17th century France, heels were exclusively worn by aristocrats. <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a> outlawed anybody from wearing red high heels except for himself and his royal court.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually the modern shoe, with a sewn-on sole, was devised. Since the 17th century, most leather shoes have used a sewn-on sole. This remains the standard for finer-quality dress shoes today. Until around 1800, welted rand shoes were commonly made without differentiation for the left or right foot. Such shoes are now referred to as "straights".<sup id="cite_ref-Yue_Charlotte_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yue_Charlotte-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only gradually did the modern foot-specific shoe become standard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_era">Industrial era</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia_and_Europe_3">Asia and Europe</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shoemaker_1821.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Shoemaker_1821.jpg/220px-Shoemaker_1821.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Shoemaker_1821.jpg/330px-Shoemaker_1821.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Shoemaker_1821.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Shoemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoemaker">shoemaker</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">Georgian era</a>, from <i>The Book of English Trades</i>, 1821.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">Shoemaking</a> became more commercialized in the mid-18th century, as it expanded as a <a href="/wiki/Cottage_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cottage industry">cottage industry</a>. Large <a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">warehouses</a> began to stock footwear, made by many small manufacturers from the area. </p><p>Until the 19th century, shoemaking was a traditional handicraft, but by the century's end, the process had been almost completely mechanized, with production occurring in large factories. Despite the obvious economic gains of <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass production</a>, the factory system produced shoes without the individual differentiation that the traditional shoemaker was able to provide. </p><p>In the 19th century Chinese feminists called for an end to foot binding, and a ban in 1902 was implemented. The ban was soon repealed, but it was banned again in 1911 by the new Nationalist government. It was effective in coastal cities, but countryside cities continued without much regulation. Mao Zedong enforced the rule in 1949 and the practice is still forbidden. A number of women still have bound feet today.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman%27s_shoe,_China,_possibly_Shanxi_or_Ningbo_style,_late_19th_to_early_20th_century,_satin,_silk,_cotton,_gold_thread,_velvet_-_Redpath_Museum_-_McGill_University_-_Montreal,_Canada_-_DSC08203.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Woman%27s_shoe%2C_China%2C_possibly_Shanxi_or_Ningbo_style%2C_late_19th_to_early_20th_century%2C_satin%2C_silk%2C_cotton%2C_gold_thread%2C_velvet_-_Redpath_Museum_-_McGill_University_-_Montreal%2C_Canada_-_DSC08203.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Woman%27s_shoe%2C_China%2C_possibly_Shanxi_or_Ningbo_style%2C_late_19th_to_early_20th_century%2C_satin%2C_silk%2C_cotton%2C_gold_thread%2C_velvet_-_Redpath_Museum_-_McGill_University_-_Montreal%2C_Canada_-_DSC08203.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Woman%27s_shoe%2C_China%2C_possibly_Shanxi_or_Ningbo_style%2C_late_19th_to_early_20th_century%2C_satin%2C_silk%2C_cotton%2C_gold_thread%2C_velvet_-_Redpath_Museum_-_McGill_University_-_Montreal%2C_Canada_-_DSC08203.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4273" data-file-height="3213" /></a><figcaption>Woman's shoe, China, possibly Shanxi or Ningbo style, late 19th to early 20th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The first steps towards mechanisation were taken during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> by the engineer, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Brunel" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc Brunel">Marc Brunel</a>. He developed machinery for the mass production of boots for the soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>. In 1812, he devised a scheme for making nailed-boot-making machinery that automatically fastened soles to uppers by means of metallic pins or nails.<sup id="cite_ref-Napol_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Napol-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the support of the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany">Duke of York</a>, the shoes were manufactured, and, due to their strength, cheapness, and durability, were introduced for the use of the army. In the same year, the use of screws and staples was patented by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Woodman_(martyr)" title="Richard Woodman (martyr)">Richard Woodman</a>. Brunel's system was described by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Phillips" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Richard Phillips">Sir Richard Phillips</a> as a visitor to his factory in <a href="/wiki/Battersea" title="Battersea">Battersea</a> as follows: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bottoming_room.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bottoming_room.jpeg/220px-Bottoming_room.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bottoming_room.jpeg/330px-Bottoming_room.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bottoming_room.jpeg/440px-Bottoming_room.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="371" /></a><figcaption>By the late 19th century, the shoemaking industry had migrated to the factory and was increasingly mechanized. Pictured, the bottoming room of the B. F. Spinney & Co. factory in <a href="/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts" title="Lynn, Massachusetts">Lynn, Massachusetts</a>, 1872.</figcaption></figure> <blockquote><p>In another building I was shown his manufactory of shoes, which, like the other, is full of ingenuity, and, in regard to subdivision of labour, brings this fabric on a level with the oft-admired manufactory of pins. Every step in it is affected by the most elegant and precise machinery; while, as each operation is performed by one hand, so each shoe passes through twenty-five hands, who complete from the hide, as supplied by the currier, a hundred pairs of strong and well-finished shoes per day. All the details are performed by the ingenious application of the mechanic powers; and all the parts are characterised by precision, uniformity, and accuracy. As each man performs but one step in the process, which implies no knowledge of what is done by those who go before or follow him, so the persons employed are not shoemakers, but wounded soldiers, who are able to learn their respective duties in a few hours. The contract at which these shoes are delivered to Government is 6s. 6d. per pair, being at least 2s. less than what was paid previously for an unequal and cobbled article.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>However, when the war ended in 1815, <a href="/wiki/Manual_labour" title="Manual labour">manual labour</a> became much cheaper, and the demand for military equipment subsided. As a consequence, Brunel's system was no longer profitable and it soon ceased business.<sup id="cite_ref-Napol_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Napol-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Americas_2">Americas</h4></div> <p>Similar exigencies at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> stimulated a renewed interest in methods of mechanization and mass-production, which proved longer lasting.<sup id="cite_ref-Napol_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Napol-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A shoemaker in <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>, Tomas Crick, patented the design for a riveting machine in 1853. His machine used an iron plate to push iron rivets into the sole. The process greatly increased the speed and efficiency of production. He also introduced the use of <a href="/wiki/Steam-power" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam-power">steam-powered</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolling-machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolling-machine (page does not exist)">rolling-machines</a> for hardening leather and cutting-machines, in the mid-1850s.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Shoe_for_%2796.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_Shoe_for_%2796.jpg/220px-The_Shoe_for_%2796.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_Shoe_for_%2796.jpg/330px-The_Shoe_for_%2796.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_Shoe_for_%2796.jpg/440px-The_Shoe_for_%2796.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="3678" /></a><figcaption>Advertisement in an 1896 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/McClure%27s" title="McClure's">McClure's</a></i> for "The Regal".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attila_Elina_Linkopuu_(16556987222).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Attila_Elina_Linkopuu_%2816556987222%29.jpg/220px-Attila_Elina_Linkopuu_%2816556987222%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Attila_Elina_Linkopuu_%2816556987222%29.jpg/330px-Attila_Elina_Linkopuu_%2816556987222%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Attila_Elina_Linkopuu_%2816556987222%29.jpg/440px-Attila_Elina_Linkopuu_%2816556987222%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Attila, a former shoe factory from the 1910s in <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The sewing machine was introduced in 1846, and provided an alternative method for the mechanization of shoemaking. By the late 1850s, the industry was beginning to shift towards the modern factory, mainly in the US and areas of England. A shoe-stitching machine was invented by the American Lyman Blake in 1856 and perfected by 1864. Entering into a partnership with McKay, his device became known as the McKay stitching machine and was quickly adopted by manufacturers throughout <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As bottlenecks opened up in the production line due to these innovations, more and more of the manufacturing stages, such as pegging and finishing, became automated. By the 1890s, the process of mechanisation was largely complete. </p><p>On January 24, 1899, Humphrey O'Sullivan of <a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell, Massachusetts</a>, was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> for a rubber heel for boots and shoes.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Globalization">Globalization</h4></div> <p>A process for manufacturing stitchless, that is, glued, shoes—<a href="/wiki/AGO_system" title="AGO system">AGO</a>—was developed in 1910. Since the mid-20th century, advances in rubber, plastics, synthetic cloth, and industrial adhesives have allowed manufacturers to create shoes that stray considerably from traditional crafting techniques. Leather, which had been the primary material in earlier styles, has remained standard in expensive dress shoes, but athletic shoes often have little or no real leather. Soles, which were once laboriously hand-stitched on, are now more often machine stitched or simply glued on. Many of these newer materials, such as rubber and plastics, have made shoes less biodegradable. It is estimated that most mass-produced shoes require 1000 years to degrade in a <a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">landfill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_Brian_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark_Brian-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 2000s, some shoemakers picked up on the issue and began to produce shoes made entirely from <a href="/wiki/Cradle_to_Cradle_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Cradle to Cradle Design">degradable materials</a>, such as the Nike Considered.<sup id="cite_ref-nike_considered_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nike_considered-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CSR_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSR-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, the global shoe industry had an overall market of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Dollar">$</a>107.4 billion, in terms of <a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">revenue</a>, and is expected to grow to $122.9 billion by the end of 2012. Shoe manufacturers in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> account for 63% of production, 40.5% of global exports and 55% of industry revenue. However, many manufacturers in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> dominate the higher-priced, higher value-added end of the market.<sup id="cite_ref-PRWeb_ibisworld_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRWeb_ibisworld-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture_and_folklore">Culture and folklore</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_home" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradition of removing shoes in home">Tradition of removing shoes in home</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shoehouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Shoehouse.jpg/220px-Shoehouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Shoehouse.jpg/330px-Shoehouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Shoehouse.jpg/440px-Shoehouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Haines Shoe House in <a href="/wiki/Hallam,_Pennsylvania" title="Hallam, Pennsylvania">Hallam, Pennsylvania</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shoes_and_Fruit_(p365_20).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Shoes_and_Fruit_%28p365_20%29.jpg/220px-Shoes_and_Fruit_%28p365_20%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Shoes_and_Fruit_%28p365_20%29.jpg/330px-Shoes_and_Fruit_%28p365_20%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Shoes_and_Fruit_%28p365_20%29.jpg/440px-Shoes_and_Fruit_%28p365_20%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Sports shoes in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Children%27s_shoes_at_school_in_Ladakh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Children%27s_shoes_at_school_in_Ladakh.jpg/300px-Children%27s_shoes_at_school_in_Ladakh.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Children%27s_shoes_at_school_in_Ladakh.jpg/450px-Children%27s_shoes_at_school_in_Ladakh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Children%27s_shoes_at_school_in_Ladakh.jpg/600px-Children%27s_shoes_at_school_in_Ladakh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="243" /></a><figcaption>Children's shoes at school in <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As an integral part of human culture and civilization, shoes have found their way into our culture, folklore, and art. A popular 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhyme" title="Nursery rhyme">nursery rhyme</a> is <i><a href="/wiki/There_was_an_Old_Woman_Who_Lived_in_a_Shoe" class="mw-redirect" title="There was an Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe">There was an Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe</a></i>. This story tells about an old woman living in a shoe with a lot of children. In 1948, <a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Haines" title="Mahlon Haines">Mahlon Haines</a>, a shoe salesman in <a href="/wiki/Hallam,_Pennsylvania" title="Hallam, Pennsylvania">Hallam, Pennsylvania</a>, built an actual house shaped like a <a href="/wiki/Boot" title="Boot">work boot</a> as a form of advertisement. The <a href="/wiki/Haines_Shoe_House" title="Haines Shoe House">Haines Shoe House</a> was rented to newlyweds and the elderly until his death in 1962. Since then, it has served as an <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a> parlor, a <a href="/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast" title="Bed and breakfast">bed and breakfast</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a>. It still stands today and is a popular roadside attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-Lake_Matt_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lake_Matt-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shoes also play an important role in the <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy tales">fairy tales</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella" title="Cinderella">Cinderella</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Shoes_(fairy_tale)" title="The Red Shoes (fairy tale)">The Red Shoes</a></i>. In the <a href="/wiki/Motion_picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion picture">movie</a> adaption of the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's book</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i>, a pair of red ruby slippers play a key role in the plot. The 1985 comedy <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_One_Red_Shoe" title="The Man with One Red Shoe">The Man with One Red Shoe</a></i> features an eccentric man wearing one normal business shoe and one red shoe that becomes central to the plot. </p><p>One poem, written by Phebus Etienne with the title "Shoes", focuses on them. It describes religious messages and is 3 stanzas long. The first stanza is one line, whereas the second is 13 lines and the third being 14 lines. Throughout the poem the main character talks about their dead mother and their routine with her grave. Haitians are said to "not put shoes on the dead." as it makes spirits easier to "step over the offerings".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Athletic sneaker collection has also existed as a part of urban subculture in the United States for several decades.<sup id="cite_ref-Skidmore_Sarah_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skidmore_Sarah-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent decades have seen this trend spread to European nations such as the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Czech_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Czech-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Sneakerhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneakerhead">Sneakerhead</a> is a person who owns multiple pairs of shoes as a form of collection and fashion. A contributor to the growth of sneaker collecting is the continued global popularity of the <a href="/wiki/Air_Jordan" title="Air Jordan">Air Jordan</a> line of sneakers designed by <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a> for <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> star <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jordan" title="Michael Jordan">Michael Jordan</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, the shoe is used to symbolize something that is worthless or of little value. In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, the act of removing one's shoes symbolizes servitude. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples" title="Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples">Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples</a> regarded the act of removing their shoes as a mark of reverence when approaching a sacred person or place.<sup id="cite_ref-Farbridge_Maurice_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farbridge_Maurice-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> was instructed to remove his shoes before approaching the burning bush: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest [is] holy ground.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salted_Lake_(Salt_Crystal_Shoes_on_a_Frozen_Lake).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Salted_Lake_%28Salt_Crystal_Shoes_on_a_Frozen_Lake%29.jpg/220px-Salted_Lake_%28Salt_Crystal_Shoes_on_a_Frozen_Lake%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Salted_Lake_%28Salt_Crystal_Shoes_on_a_Frozen_Lake%29.jpg/330px-Salted_Lake_%28Salt_Crystal_Shoes_on_a_Frozen_Lake%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Salted_Lake_%28Salt_Crystal_Shoes_on_a_Frozen_Lake%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Salt Crystal Shoes, art installation at the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a> by <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Sigalit_Landau" title="Sigalit Landau">Sigalit Landau</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The removal of the shoe also symbolizes the act of giving up a legal right. In <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> custom, if a man chose not to <a href="/wiki/Levirate_marriage" title="Levirate marriage">marry his childless brother's widow</a>, the widow removed her brother-in-law's shoe to symbolize that he had abandoned his duty. In <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arab</a> custom, the removal of one's shoe also symbolized the dissolution of marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-Farbridge_Maurice_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farbridge_Maurice-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Arab_culture" title="Arab culture">Arab culture</a>, showing the sole of one's shoe is considered an insult, and to <a href="/wiki/Shoe_tossing#Insult" title="Shoe tossing">throw a shoe</a> and hit someone with it is considered an even greater insult. Shoes are considered to be dirty as they frequently touch the ground, and are associated with the lowest part of the body—the <a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">foot</a>. As such, shoes are forbidden in <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a>, and it is also considered unmannerly to cross the legs and display the soles of one's shoes during conversation. This insult was demonstrated in Iraq, first when <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>'s statue was toppled in 2003, Iraqis gathered around it and struck the statue with their shoes.<sup id="cite_ref-Gammell_Caroline_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gammell_Caroline-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, United States President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> had a shoe <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_shoeing_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush shoeing incident">thrown at him</a> by a journalist as a statement against the war in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-Asser_Martin_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asser_Martin-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More generally, <a href="/wiki/Shoe-throwing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoe-throwing">shoe-throwing</a> or shoeing, showing the sole of one's shoe or using shoes to <a href="/wiki/Insult" title="Insult">insult</a> are forms of protest in many parts of the world. Incidents where shoes were thrown at political figures have taken place in Australia, India, Ireland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and most notably the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tel_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tel-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Empty shoes may also symbolize death. In <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> culture, empty shoes are the equivalent of the American funeral wreath. For example, empty shoes placed outside of a Greek home would tell others that the family's son has died in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-Reeve_Andru_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reeve_Andru-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At an observation memorializing the 10th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, 3,000 pairs of empty shoes were used to recognize those killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_Sam_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen_Sam-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Shoes_on_the_Danube_Bank" title="Shoes on the Danube Bank">Shoes on the Danube Bank</a> is a memorial in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>. Conceived by film director <a href="/wiki/Can_Togay" title="Can Togay">Can Togay</a>, he created it on the east bank of the <a href="/wiki/Danube_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube River">Danube River</a> with sculptor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gyula_Pauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyula Pauer (page does not exist)">Gyula Pauer</a> to honor the Jews who were killed by fascist <a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross</a> militiamen in Budapest during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. They were ordered to take off their shoes and were shot at the edge of the water so that their bodies fell into the river and were carried away. The memorial represents their shoes left behind on the bank. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Shoe_construction"></span><span class="anchor" id="Construction"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Insole" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Insole_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Insole (disambiguation)">Insole (disambiguation)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Shoe sole" redirects here. For the French pastry called shoe-soles, see <a href="/wiki/Palmier" title="Palmier">palmier</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shoe_insert" title="Shoe insert">Shoe insert</a></div> <p>The basic anatomy of a shoe is recognizable, regardless of the specific style of footwear. </p><p>All shoes have a <b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="sole"></span><span class="vanchor-text">sole</span></span></b>, which is the bottom of a shoe, in contact with the ground. Soles can be made from a variety of materials, although most modern shoes have soles made from <a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">natural rubber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyurethane" title="Polyurethane">polyurethane</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">polyvinyl chloride</a> (PVC) compounds.<sup id="cite_ref-Karak_Niranjan_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karak_Niranjan-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soles can be simple—a single material in a single layer—or they can be complex, with multiple structures or layers and materials. When various layers are used, soles may consist of an insole, midsole, and an outsole.<sup id="cite_ref-Vonhof_John_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vonhof_John-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="insole"></span><span class="vanchor-text">insole</span></span></b> is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot under the footbed (also known as sock liner). The purpose of the insole is to attach to the lasting margin of the upper, which is wrapped around the <a href="/wiki/Last" title="Last">last</a> during the closing of the shoe during the lasting operation. Insoles are usually made of cellulosic paper board or synthetic non woven insole board. Many shoes have removable and replaceable footbeds. Extra cushioning is often added for comfort (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe) or health reasons (to help deal with differences in the natural shape of the foot or positioning of the foot during standing or walking).<sup id="cite_ref-Vonhof_John_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vonhof_John-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="outsole"></span><span class="vanchor-text">outsole</span></span></b> is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes often have leather or resin rubber outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic material like polyurethane. The outsole may comprise a single piece or may be an assembly of separate pieces, often of different materials. On some shoes, the heel of the sole has a rubber plate for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic or so-called cleated shoes like soccer, rugby, baseball and golf shoes have spikes embedded in the outsole to improve traction.<sup id="cite_ref-Vonhof_John_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vonhof_John-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="midsole"></span><span class="vanchor-text">midsole</span></span></b> is the layer in between the outsole and the insole, typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have additional material for <a href="/wiki/Shock_absorption" class="mw-redirect" title="Shock absorption">shock absorption</a>, usually beneath the heel of the foot, where one puts the most pressure down. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.<sup id="cite_ref-Vonhof_John_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vonhof_John-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Heel_(shoe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heel (shoe)">heel</a></b> is the bottom rear part of a shoe. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for more practical and comfortable use.<sup id="cite_ref-Vonhof_John_58-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vonhof_John-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On some shoes the inner forward point of the heel is chiselled off, a feature known as a "gentleman's corner". This piece of design is intended to alleviate the problem of the points catching the bottom of trousers and was first observed in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A heel is the projection at the back of a shoe which rests below the <a href="/wiki/Calcaneus" title="Calcaneus">heel bone</a>. The shoe heel is used to improve the balance of the shoe, increase the height of the wearer, alter posture or other decorative purposes. Sometimes raised, the <a href="/wiki/High-heeled_footwear" class="mw-redirect" title="High-heeled footwear">high heel</a> is common to a form of shoe often worn by women, but sometimes by men too. See also <a href="/wiki/Stiletto_heel" title="Stiletto heel">stiletto heel</a>. </p><p>The <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="upper"></span><span class="vanchor-text">upper</span></span></b> helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip-flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, trainers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The upper is connected to the sole by a strip of leather, rubber, or plastic that is stitched between it and the sole, known as a <a href="/wiki/Welt_(shoe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Welt (shoe)">welt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vonhof_John_58-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vonhof_John-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most uppers have a mechanism, such as laces, straps with buckles, zippers, elastic, velcro straps, buttons, or snaps, for tightening the upper on the foot. Uppers with laces usually have a tongue that helps seal the laced opening and protect the foot from abrasion by the laces. Uppers with laces also have eyelets or hooks to make it easier to tighten and loosen the laces and to prevent the lace from tearing through the upper material. An <a href="/wiki/Aglet" title="Aglet">aglet</a> is the protective wrapping on the end of the lace. </p><p>The <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="vamp"></span><span class="vanchor-text">vamp</span></span></b> is the front part of the shoe, starting behind the toe, extending around the eyelets and tongue and towards back part of the shoe. </p><p>The <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="medial"></span><span class="vanchor-text">medial</span></span></b> is the part of the shoe closest to a person's center of symmetry, and the lateral is on the opposite side, away from their center of symmetry. This can be in reference to either the outsole or the vamp. Most shoes have <a href="/wiki/Shoelaces" title="Shoelaces">shoelaces</a> on the upper, connecting the medial and lateral parts after one puts their shoes on and aiding in keeping their shoes on their feet. In 1968, <a href="/wiki/Puma_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="Puma SE">Puma SE</a> introduced the first pair of sneakers with <a href="/wiki/Velcro" title="Velcro">Velcro</a> straps in lieu of shoelaces, and these became popular by the 1980s, especially among children and the elderly.<sup id="cite_ref-Suddath_Claire_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suddath_Claire-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frank_Robert_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frank_Robert-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="[[toe_box]]"></span><span class="vanchor-text"><a href="/wiki/Toe_box" title="Toe box">toe box</a></span></span></b> is the part that covers and protects the toes. People with toe deformities, or individuals who experience toe swelling (such as <a href="/wiki/Long-distance_running" title="Long-distance running">long-distance runners</a>) usually require a larger toe box.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shoe_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diagram of a typical dress shoe. The area labeled as the "Lace guard" is sometimes considered part of the quarter and sometimes part of the vamp."><img alt="Diagram of a typical dress shoe. The area labeled as the "Lace guard" is sometimes considered part of the quarter and sometimes part of the vamp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Shoe_diagram.svg/200px-Shoe_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Shoe_diagram.svg/300px-Shoe_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Shoe_diagram.svg/400px-Shoe_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diagram of a typical dress shoe. The area labeled as the "Lace guard" is sometimes considered part of the quarter and sometimes part of the vamp.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Rhof-schuhmacher.ogv/200px--Rhof-schuhmacher.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="154" data-durationhint="190" data-mwtitle="Rhof-schuhmacher.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Rhof-schuhmacher.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="416" data-height="320" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/Rhof-schuhmacher.ogv/Rhof-schuhmacher.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="416" data-height="320" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/Rhof-schuhmacher.ogv/Rhof-schuhmacher.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="188" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/Rhof-schuhmacher.ogv/Rhof-schuhmacher.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="312" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ARhof-schuhmacher.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A shoemaker making <a href="/wiki/Turnshoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnshoes">turnshoes</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Roscheider_Hof_Open_Air_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Roscheider Hof Open Air Museum">Roscheider Hof Open Air Museum</a>. English subtitles.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shoe-parts-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cutaway view of a typical shoe."><img alt="Cutaway view of a typical shoe." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Shoe-parts-en.svg/200px-Shoe-parts-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Shoe-parts-en.svg/300px-Shoe-parts-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Shoe-parts-en.svg/400px-Shoe-parts-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="565" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cutaway view of a typical shoe.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Promotional plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shoe&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Most types of shoes are designed for specific activities. For example, <a href="/wiki/Boot" title="Boot">boots</a> are typically designed for work or heavy outdoor use. <a href="/wiki/Athletic_shoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletic shoe">Athletic shoes</a> are designed for particular sports such as running, walking, or other sports. Some shoes are designed to be worn at more <a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">formal</a> occasions, and others are designed for casual wear. There are also a vast variety of shoes designed for different types of dancing. Orthopedic shoes are special types of footwear designed for individuals with particular foot problems or special needs. Clinicians evaluate patient's footwear as a part of their clinical examination. However, it is often based on each individual's needs, with attention to the choice of footwear worn and if the shoe is adequate for the purpose of completing their activities of daily living.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other animals, such as <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>, may also wear special shoes to protect their feet as well. </p><p>Depending on the activity for which they are designed, some types of footwear may fit into multiple categories. For example, <a href="/wiki/Cowboy_boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowboy boots">Cowboy boots</a> are considered boots, but may also be worn in more formal occasions and used as <a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">dress shoes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hiking_boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiking boots">Hiking boots</a> incorporate many of the protective features of boots, but also provide the extra flexibility and comfort of many <a href="/wiki/Athletic_shoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletic shoe">athletic shoes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">Flip-flops</a> are considered casual footwear, but have also been worn in formal occasions, such as visits to the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ward_Julie_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward_Julie-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lister_Richard_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lister_Richard-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletic">Athletic</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sneakers" title="Sneakers">Sneakers</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puma_shoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Puma_shoes.jpg/220px-Puma_shoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Puma_shoes.jpg/330px-Puma_shoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Puma_shoes.jpg/440px-Puma_shoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A pair of athletic running shoes</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20230414_Bowling_shoes_in_rack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/20230414_Bowling_shoes_in_rack.jpg/220px-20230414_Bowling_shoes_in_rack.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/20230414_Bowling_shoes_in_rack.jpg/330px-20230414_Bowling_shoes_in_rack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/20230414_Bowling_shoes_in_rack.jpg/440px-20230414_Bowling_shoes_in_rack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3943" data-file-height="2663" /></a><figcaption>Bowling centers maintain bowling shoes for rental to patrons, to prevent damage to lane approaches.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Athletic_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletic shoes">Athletic shoes</a> are designed for various sports activities, focusing on maximizing <a href="/wiki/Friction" title="Friction">friction</a> between the foot and the ground. These shoes often utilize materials like <a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">rubber</a> to achieve this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-McGinnis_Peter_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGinnis_Peter-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest athletic shoes, dating to the mid-19th century, were <a href="/wiki/Track_spikes" title="Track spikes">track spikes</a> with metal <a href="/wiki/Cleat_(shoe)" title="Cleat (shoe)">cleats</a> for increased traction. Over time, athletic shoe design evolved, with companies like <a href="/wiki/Reebok" title="Reebok">Reebok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a> contributing to the development of modern athletic shoes. Notable innovations include rubber-soled athletic shoes and the introduction of specialized shoes for different sports, such as <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>. More recently, minimalist shoes have gained popularity as <a href="/wiki/Barefoot_running" title="Barefoot running">barefoot running</a> became popular by the late 20th and early 21st century, maintaining optimum flexibility and natural walking while also providing some degree of protection. Their purpose is to allow one's feet and legs to feel more subtly the impacts and forces involved in running, allowing finer adjustments in running style.<sup id="cite_ref-Dan_Winters_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dan_Winters-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeMello_Margo_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Farrally_Cochran_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farrally_Cochran-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest rubber-soled athletic shoes date back to 1876 in the United Kingdom, when the New Liverpool Rubber Company made <a href="/wiki/Plimsolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Plimsolls">plimsolls</a>, or sandshoes, designed for the sport of <a href="/wiki/Croquet" title="Croquet">croquet</a>. Similar rubber-soled shoes were made in 1892 in the United States by Humphrey O'Sullivan, based on <a href="/wiki/Charles_Goodyear" title="Charles Goodyear">Charles Goodyear</a>'s technology. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Rubber_Company" title="United States Rubber Company">United States Rubber Company</a> was founded the same year and produced rubber-soled and heeled shoes under a variety of brand names, which were later consolidated in 1916 under the name, <a href="/wiki/Keds_(shoes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keds (shoes)">Keds</a>. These shoes became known as, "sneakers", because the rubber sole allowed the wearer to sneak up on another person. In 1964, the founding of <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a> by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Knight" title="Phil Knight">Phil Knight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bowerman" title="Bill Bowerman">Bill Bowerman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a> introduced many new improvements common in modern running shoes, such as rubber waffle soles, breathable <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> uppers, and cushioning in the mid-sole and heel. During the 1970s, the expertise of <a href="/wiki/Podiatrist" title="Podiatrist">podiatrists</a> also became important in athletic shoe design, to implement new design features based on how feet reacted to specific actions, such as running, jumping, or side-to-side movement for men and women.<sup id="cite_ref-DeMello_Margo_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_classic_Black_pair_of_Converse_All_Stars_resting_on_the_Black_%26_White_Ed._Shoebox_(1998-2002).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/A_classic_Black_pair_of_Converse_All_Stars_resting_on_the_Black_%26_White_Ed._Shoebox_%281998-2002%29.JPG/170px-A_classic_Black_pair_of_Converse_All_Stars_resting_on_the_Black_%26_White_Ed._Shoebox_%281998-2002%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/A_classic_Black_pair_of_Converse_All_Stars_resting_on_the_Black_%26_White_Ed._Shoebox_%281998-2002%29.JPG/255px-A_classic_Black_pair_of_Converse_All_Stars_resting_on_the_Black_%26_White_Ed._Shoebox_%281998-2002%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/A_classic_Black_pair_of_Converse_All_Stars_resting_on_the_Black_%26_White_Ed._Shoebox_%281998-2002%29.JPG/340px-A_classic_Black_pair_of_Converse_All_Stars_resting_on_the_Black_%26_White_Ed._Shoebox_%281998-2002%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>A pair of Converse All-Stars</figcaption></figure> <p>Shoes specific to the sport of <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> were developed by <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_(salesman)" title="Chuck Taylor (salesman)">Chuck Taylor</a>, and are popularly known as <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_All-Stars" title="Chuck Taylor All-Stars">Chuck Taylor All-Stars</a>. In 1969, Taylor was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Naismith_Memorial_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" title="Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame">Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame</a> in recognition of this development, and in the 1970s, other shoe manufacturers, such as Nike, Adidas, Reebok, and others began imitating this style of athletic shoe.<sup id="cite_ref-Peterson_Hal_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peterson_Hal-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1985, Nike introduced its own brand of basketball shoe which would become popular in its own right, the <a href="/wiki/Air_Jordan" title="Air Jordan">Air Jordan</a>, named after the then-rookie <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bulls" title="Chicago Bulls">Chicago Bulls</a> basketball player, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jordan" title="Michael Jordan">Michael Jordan</a>. The Air Jordan line of shoes sold $100 million in their first year.<sup id="cite_ref-Papson_Goldman_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papson_Goldman-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Barefoot_running" title="Barefoot running">barefoot running</a> became popular by the late 20th and early 21st century, many modern shoe manufacturers have recently designed footwear that mimic this experience, maintaining optimum flexibility and natural walking while also providing some degree of protection. Some of these shoes include the <a href="/wiki/Vibram_FiveFingers" title="Vibram FiveFingers">Vibram FiveFingers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-TrailSpace_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrailSpace-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nike_Free" title="Nike Free">Nike Free</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Cortese_Amy_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cortese_Amy-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Saucony" title="Saucony">Saucony</a>'s Kinvara and Hattori.<sup id="cite_ref-Saucony_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saucony-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jhung_Lisa_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jhung_Lisa-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mexican <a href="/wiki/Huarache_(running_shoe)" title="Huarache (running shoe)">huaraches</a> are also very simple running shoes, similar to the shoes worn by the <a href="/wiki/Tarahumara" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarahumara">Tarahumara</a> people of northern Mexico, who are known for their distance running abilities.<sup id="cite_ref-McDougall_Christopher_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDougall_Christopher-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrestling shoes">Wrestling shoes</a> are also very light and flexible shoes that are designed to mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection. </p><p>Many athletic shoes are designed with specific features for specific activities. One of these includes <a href="/wiki/Roller_skates" title="Roller skates">roller skates</a>, which have metal or plastic wheels on the bottom specific for the sport of roller skating. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Ice_skates" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice skates">ice skates</a> have a metal blade attached to the bottom for locomotion across <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>. <a href="/wiki/Skate_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Skate shoes">Skate shoes</a> have also been designed to provide a comfortable, flexible and durable shoe for the sport of <a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">skateboarding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Welinder_Whitley_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welinder_Whitley-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoe" title="Climbing shoe">Climbing shoes</a> are rubber-soled, tight-fitting shoes designed to fit in the small cracks and crevices for <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cycling_shoe" title="Cycling shoe">Cycling shoes</a> are similarly designed with rubber soles and a tight fit, but also are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_pedal#Clipless_pedals" title="Bicycle pedal">clipless pedals</a>, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot.<sup id="cite_ref-IPMBA_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPMBA-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some shoes are made specifically to improve a person's ability to <a href="/wiki/Weight_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight training">weight train</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sneakers that are a mix between an activity-centered and a more standard design have also been produced: examples include <a href="/wiki/Roller_shoe" title="Roller shoe">roller shoes</a>, which feature wheels that can be used to roll on hard ground, and <a href="/wiki/Soap_(shoes)" title="Soap (shoes)">Soap shoes</a>, which feature a hard plastic sole that can be used for <a href="/wiki/Grind_(sport)" title="Grind (sport)">grinding</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boot">Boot</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Boot" title="Boot">Boot</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S3_safety_footwear.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/S3_safety_footwear.jpg/220px-S3_safety_footwear.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/S3_safety_footwear.jpg/330px-S3_safety_footwear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/S3_safety_footwear.jpg/440px-S3_safety_footwear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2485" data-file-height="2041" /></a><figcaption>A pair of <a href="/wiki/Steel-toe_boot" title="Steel-toe boot">steel-toed</a> safety boots</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Boot" title="Boot">Boots</a> are a specialized type of footwear that covers the foot and extends up the leg. They serve both functional and fashion purposes, offering protection from elements like water, snow, and mud while also being a fashion statement. </p><p>Cowboy boots, for instance, are known for their distinctive style and are popular among cowboys in the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">western United States</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hiking_boot" title="Hiking boot">Hiking boots</a>, on the other hand, are designed for comfort and support during long walks in rough terrains. <a href="/wiki/Snow_boot" title="Snow boot">Snow boots</a> are ideal for wet or snowy weather, providing warmth and protection against the elements. Additionally, boots are used in specialized activities like skiing, ice skating, and climbing due to their unique features tailored to these activities.<sup id="cite_ref-DeWeese_Daniel_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeWeese_Daniel-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chand_Elise_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chand_Elise-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Howe_Steve_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howe_Steve-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stimpert_Desiree_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stimpert_Desiree-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boots may also be attached to <a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">snowshoes</a> to increase the distribution of weight over a larger <a href="/wiki/Surface_area" title="Surface area">surface area</a> for walking in <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snow</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ski_boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Ski boots">Ski boots</a> are a specialized snow boot which are used in <a href="/wiki/Alpine_skiing" title="Alpine skiing">alpine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">cross-country skiing</a> and designed to provide a way to attach the skier to his/her <a href="/wiki/Ski" title="Ski">skis</a> using <a href="/wiki/Ski_binding" title="Ski binding">ski bindings</a>. The ski/boot/binding combination is used to effectively transmit control inputs from the skier's legs to the snow. <a href="/wiki/Ice_skate" title="Ice skate">Ice skates</a> are another specialized boot with a metal blade attached to the bottom which is used to propel the wearer across a sheet of <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellis_Mary_Ice_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellis_Mary_Ice-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Inline_skates" title="Inline skates">Inline skates</a> are similar to ice skates but with a set of three to four wheels in lieu of the blade, which are designed to mimic ice skating on solid surfaces such as wood or concrete.<sup id="cite_ref-Olsen_Scott&Brennan_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olsen_Scott&Brennan-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boots are designed to withstand heavy wear to protect the wearer and provide good traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. They may be used for <a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">uniforms</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a> or <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a>, as well as for protection in industrial settings such as <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a> and <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a>. Protective features may include <a href="/wiki/Steel-toe_boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel-toe boots">steel-tipped toes</a> and soles or <a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">ankle</a> guards.<sup id="cite_ref-Construction_Materials_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Construction_Materials-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dress_and_casual">Dress and casual</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">Dress shoes</a> are characterized by their smooth leather uppers, leather soles, and sleek design, suitable for formal occasions. In contrast, casual shoes have sturdier leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and a wider profile for everyday wear. Some dress shoe designs are unisex, while others are specific to men or women. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Men's"><span id="Men.27s"></span>Men's</h4></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Open_lacing"></span><span class="anchor" id="Closed_lacing"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blucher_(PSF).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blucher_%28PSF%29.jpg/220px-Blucher_%28PSF%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blucher_%28PSF%29.jpg/330px-Blucher_%28PSF%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blucher_%28PSF%29.jpg/440px-Blucher_%28PSF%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>This male dress shoe, known as a <a href="/wiki/Derby_shoe" title="Derby shoe">derby shoe</a>, is distinguished by its open lacing.</figcaption></figure> <p>Men's dress shoes include styles like Oxfords, Derbies, Monk-straps, and Slip-ons, each with its unique characteristics in terms of lacing, decoration, and formality. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Women's"><span id="Women.27s"></span>Women's</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:My_Shoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/My_Shoes.jpg/170px-My_Shoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/My_Shoes.jpg/255px-My_Shoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/My_Shoes.jpg/340px-My_Shoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1253" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>High heel sandals</figcaption></figure><p>Women's shoes cover a wide range of styles, including high heels, mules, slingbacks, ballet flats, and court shoes, with high-heeled footwear being a popular choice for formal occasions. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unisex">Unisex</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clog_(shoe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clog (shoe)">Clog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_shoe" title="Platform shoe">Platform shoe</a>: shoe with very thick soles and heels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandal_(footwear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandal (footwear)">Sandals</a>: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_shoe" title="Saddle shoe">Saddle shoe</a>: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip-on_shoe" title="Slip-on shoe">Slip-on shoe</a>: a dress or casual shoe without shoelaces or fasteners; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_shoe" title="Boat shoe">Boat shoes</a>, also known as "deck shoes": similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces are usually simple leather with no frills. Typically made of leather and featuring a soft white sole to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. The first boat shoe was invented in 1935 by <a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Sperry" title="Paul A. Sperry">Paul A. Sperry</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">Slippers</a>: For indoor use, commonly worn with <a href="/wiki/Pajamas" title="Pajamas">pajamas</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance">Dance</h3></div><p> Dancers use a variety of footwear depending on the style of dance and the surface they will be dancing on. Pointe shoes, for instance, are designed for ballet dancing, featuring a stiffened toe box and hardened sole to allow dancers to stand on the tips of their toes. Ballet shoes, on the other hand, are soft, pliable shoes made of canvas or leather, providing flexibility and comfort for ballet dancing. Other dance shoe types include jazz shoes, tango, and flamenco shoes, ballroom shoes, tap shoes, character shoes, and foot thongs, each designed to meet the specific needs of different dance styles.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PointeShoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pointe shoes"><img alt="Pointe shoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/PointeShoes.jpg/120px-PointeShoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/PointeShoes.jpg/180px-PointeShoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/PointeShoes.jpg/240px-PointeShoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="1822" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pointe_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointe shoes">Pointe shoes</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 193.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ballet_shoes_in_fifth_position.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ballet shoes"><img alt="Ballet shoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ballet_shoes_in_fifth_position.jpg/290px-Ballet_shoes_in_fifth_position.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ballet_shoes_in_fifth_position.jpg/436px-Ballet_shoes_in_fifth_position.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ballet_shoes_in_fifth_position.jpg/581px-Ballet_shoes_in_fifth_position.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3608" data-file-height="2238" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ballet_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballet shoes">Ballet shoes</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 243.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 241.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AcroShoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers"><img alt="Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/AcroShoes.jpg/362px-AcroShoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/AcroShoes.jpg/543px-AcroShoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/AcroShoes.jpg/724px-AcroShoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="1934" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_shoe" title="Jazz shoe">Jazz shoes</a>. This style is frequently worn by <a href="/wiki/Acro_dance" title="Acro dance">acro dancers</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 133.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 131.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foot_Thong.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A foot thong, viewed from the bottom"><img alt="A foot thong, viewed from the bottom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Foot_Thong.jpg/197px-Foot_Thong.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Foot_Thong.jpg/295px-Foot_Thong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Foot_Thong.jpg/393px-Foot_Thong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2561" data-file-height="2346" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <i>foot thong</i>, viewed from the bottom</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghillie.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ghillies"><img alt="Ghillies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ghillie.JPG/240px-Ghillie.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ghillie.JPG/360px-Ghillie.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ghillie.JPG/480px-Ghillie.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1673" data-file-height="1255" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghillies (dance)">Ghillies</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ladies%27_ballroom_shoes,_Tango_Shoes_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ladies' ballroom shoes"><img alt="Ladies' ballroom shoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ladies%27_ballroom_shoes%2C_Tango_Shoes_2.jpg/270px-Ladies%27_ballroom_shoes%2C_Tango_Shoes_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ladies%27_ballroom_shoes%2C_Tango_Shoes_2.jpg/405px-Ladies%27_ballroom_shoes%2C_Tango_Shoes_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ladies%27_ballroom_shoes%2C_Tango_Shoes_2.jpg/540px-Ladies%27_ballroom_shoes%2C_Tango_Shoes_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3070" data-file-height="2046" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ladies' ballroom shoes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mens%27_ballroom_shoes,_Eurodance_CZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Men's ballroom shoes"><img alt="Men's ballroom shoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mens%27_ballroom_shoes%2C_Eurodance_CZ.jpg/270px-Mens%27_ballroom_shoes%2C_Eurodance_CZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mens%27_ballroom_shoes%2C_Eurodance_CZ.jpg/405px-Mens%27_ballroom_shoes%2C_Eurodance_CZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mens%27_ballroom_shoes%2C_Eurodance_CZ.jpg/540px-Mens%27_ballroom_shoes%2C_Eurodance_CZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3070" data-file-height="2046" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Men's ballroom shoes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TapShoeSide.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tap shoes"><img alt="Tap shoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/TapShoeSide.jpg/320px-TapShoeSide.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/TapShoeSide.jpg/480px-TapShoeSide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/TapShoeSide.jpg/640px-TapShoeSide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5366" data-file-height="3019" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tap_shoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tap shoe">Tap shoes</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pastalas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kierpce"><img alt="Kierpce" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pastalas.jpg/135px-Pastalas.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pastalas.jpg/202px-Pastalas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pastalas.jpg/270px-Pastalas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kierpce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kierpce (page does not exist)">Kierpce</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barnskor_-_1980.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Children's shoe from the early 80s."><img alt="Children's shoe from the early 80s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Barnskor_-_1980.jpg/232px-Barnskor_-_1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Barnskor_-_1980.jpg/347px-Barnskor_-_1980.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Barnskor_-_1980.jpg/463px-Barnskor_-_1980.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1111" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Children's shoe from the early 80s.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orthopedic">Orthopedic</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Diabetic_shoe" title="Diabetic shoe">Diabetic shoe</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orthopedic_heavy_duty_black_leather_school_uniform_shoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Orthopedic_heavy_duty_black_leather_school_uniform_shoes.jpg/220px-Orthopedic_heavy_duty_black_leather_school_uniform_shoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Orthopedic_heavy_duty_black_leather_school_uniform_shoes.jpg/330px-Orthopedic_heavy_duty_black_leather_school_uniform_shoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Orthopedic_heavy_duty_black_leather_school_uniform_shoes.jpg/440px-Orthopedic_heavy_duty_black_leather_school_uniform_shoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Orthopedic heavy duty black leather school uniform shoes</figcaption></figure> <p>Orthopedic shoes are specially designed to alleviate discomfort associated with various foot and ankle disorders, such as <a href="/wiki/Blister" title="Blister">blisters</a>, bunions, calluses, and plantar fasciitis. They are also used by individuals with diabetes, <a href="/wiki/Unequal_leg_length" title="Unequal leg length">unequal leg length</a>, or children with mobility issues.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These shoes typically feature a low heel, wide toe box, and firm heel for added support. Some orthopedic shoes come with removable insoles or orthotics to provide extra arch support.<sup id="cite_ref-DeMello_Margo_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Measures_and_sizes">Measures and sizes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">Shoe size</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MarikinaRiverBankShoesjf9425_30.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MarikinaRiverBankShoesjf9425_30.JPG/220px-MarikinaRiverBankShoesjf9425_30.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MarikinaRiverBankShoesjf9425_30.JPG/330px-MarikinaRiverBankShoesjf9425_30.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MarikinaRiverBankShoesjf9425_30.JPG/440px-MarikinaRiverBankShoesjf9425_30.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giant_shoes_of_Marikina" title="Giant shoes of Marikina">World's largest pair of shoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riverbanks_Center" title="Riverbanks Center">Riverbank Center</a>, Philippines—5.29 metres (17.4 ft) long and 2.37 metres (7 ft 9 in) wide, equivalent to a French shoe size of 75.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shoe sizes are indicated by a numerical value representing the length of the shoe, with different systems used globally. European sizes are measured in Paris Points, while the UK and American units are based on whole-number sizes spaced at one barleycorn (1/3 inch) with UK adult sizes starting at size 1 = <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> in (22.0 cm). In the US, this is size 2. Men's and women's shoe sizes often use different scales<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and some systems are measured using a <a href="/wiki/Brannock_Device" title="Brannock Device">Brannock Device</a> which considers the width and length size values of the feet. The Mondopoint system, introduced in the 1970s by International Standard ISO 2816:1973 "Fundamental characteristics of a system of shoe sizing to be known as Mondopoint" and ISO 3355:1975 "Shoe sizes – System of length grading (for use in the Mondopoint system)" includes measurements of both length and width of the foot.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toddler-Size_Shoe.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Toddler-Size_Shoe.jpeg/220px-Toddler-Size_Shoe.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Toddler-Size_Shoe.jpeg/330px-Toddler-Size_Shoe.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Toddler-Size_Shoe.jpeg/440px-Toddler-Size_Shoe.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption>Toddler-sized shoe.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accessories">Accessories</h2></div> <p>Various accessories are used to enhance the functionality and comfort of shoes. Crampons provide traction on icy terrain, foam taps adjust shoe fit, heel grips prevent slipping, and ice cleats enhance stability on slippery surfaces. Overshoes protect shoes from rain and snow, while shoe bags are used for storage. Shoe brushes and polishing cloths maintain shoe appearance, while shoe inserts offer additional comfort. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Removal_of_shoes">Removal of shoes</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PLZZ_REMOVE_YOUR_SHOES._Sign_at_entrance_to_stupa._Nubra,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/PLZZ_REMOVE_YOUR_SHOES._Sign_at_entrance_to_stupa._Nubra%2C_India.jpg/220px-PLZZ_REMOVE_YOUR_SHOES._Sign_at_entrance_to_stupa._Nubra%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/PLZZ_REMOVE_YOUR_SHOES._Sign_at_entrance_to_stupa._Nubra%2C_India.jpg/330px-PLZZ_REMOVE_YOUR_SHOES._Sign_at_entrance_to_stupa._Nubra%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/PLZZ_REMOVE_YOUR_SHOES._Sign_at_entrance_to_stupa._Nubra%2C_India.jpg/440px-PLZZ_REMOVE_YOUR_SHOES._Sign_at_entrance_to_stupa._Nubra%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>"Plzz REMOVE YOUR SHOES" sign at entrance to <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">stupa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nubra" title="Nubra">Nubra</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_the_home_and_houses_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradition of removing shoes in the home and houses of worship">Tradition of removing shoes in the home and houses of worship</a></div> <p>In many places in the world, shoes are removed when moving from exteriors to interiors, particularly in homes<sup id="cite_ref-Kurzius_2023_p020_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurzius_2023_p020-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nast_Spier_2020_y674_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nast_Spier_2020_y674-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and religious buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-Sood_2011_e867_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sood_2011_e867-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many Asian countries, outdoor shoes are exchanged for indoor shoes or <a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">slippers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LaMotte_2023_u513_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaMotte_2023_u513-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fitness_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitness center">Fitness center</a> etiquette encourages the exchange of outdoor shoes for indoor shoes, both to prevent dirt and grime from being transferred to the equipment and to ensure that participants are wearing the right shoes for their activities.<sup id="cite_ref-C.P.T_2023_s056_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C.P.T_2023_s056-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foot_binding" title="Foot binding">Foot binding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies" title="Category:Shoe companies">List of shoe companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles" title="List of shoe styles">List of shoe styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomotor_effects_of_shoes" title="Locomotor effects of shoes">Locomotor effects of shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runner%27s_toe" class="mw-redirect" title="Runner's toe">Runner's toe</a>, injury from malfitting shoes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_dryer" title="Shoe dryer">Shoe dryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_rack" title="Shoe rack">Shoe rack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_tossing" title="Shoe tossing">Shoe tossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">Trousers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_fetish" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoe fetish">Shoe fetish</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Child%27s+Shoe%2C+Bar+Hill&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F140054166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Connolly_Tom-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Connolly_Tom_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly" class="citation web cs1">Connolly, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pages.uoregon.edu/connolly/FRsandals.htm">"The World's Oldest Shoes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722013744/http://pages.uoregon.edu/connolly/FRsandals.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Oldest+Shoes&rft.pub=University+of+Oregon&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpages.uoregon.edu%2Fconnolly%2FFRsandals.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ravilious_Kate-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ravilious_Kate_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ravilious_Kate_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRavilious2010" class="citation news cs1">Ravilious, Kate (June 9, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120724020516/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/06/100609-worlds-oldest-leather-shoe-armenia-science/">"World's Oldest Leather Shoe Found—Stunningly Preserved"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/06/100609-worlds-oldest-leather-shoe-armenia-science/">the original</a> on July 24, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=World%27s+Oldest+Leather+Shoe+Found%E2%80%94Stunningly+Preserved&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft.aulast=Ravilious&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2F06%2F100609-worlds-oldest-leather-shoe-armenia-science%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petraglia_Michael-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Petraglia_Michael_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetragliaPinhasi_RGasparian_BAreshian_G2010" class="citation journal cs1">Petraglia, Michael D.; Pinhasi R; Gasparian B; Areshian G; Zardaryan D; Smith A; et al. (2010). Petraglia, Michael D. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882957">"First Direct Evidence of Chalcolithic Footwear from the Near Eastern Highlands"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>5</b> (6): e10984. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PLoSO...510984P">2010PLoSO...510984P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0010984">10.1371/journal.pone.0010984</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882957">2882957</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20543959">20543959</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=First+Direct+Evidence+of+Chalcolithic+Footwear+from+the+Near+Eastern+Highlands&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=e10984&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2882957%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20543959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0010984&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010PLoSO...510984P&rft.aulast=Petraglia&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Pinhasi+R&rft.au=Gasparian+B&rft.au=Areshian+G&rft.au=Zardaryan+D&rft.au=Smith+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2882957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span> Reported in (among others) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelluck2010" class="citation news cs1">Belluck, Pam (9 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/science/10shoe.html">"This Shoe Had Prada Beat by 5,500 Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100611103130/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/science/10shoe.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=This+Shoe+Had+Prada+Beat+by+5%2C500+Years&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft.aulast=Belluck&rft.aufirst=Pam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F06%2F10%2Fscience%2F10shoe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nesje_Pilø_Finstad_Solli-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nesje_Pilø_Finstad_Solli_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNesjePiløFinstadSolli2011" class="citation journal cs1">Nesje, Atle; Pilø, Lars Holger; Finstad, Espen; Solli, Brit; Wangen, Vivian; Ødegård, Rune Strand; Isaksen, Ketil; Støren, Eivind N.; Bakke, Dag Inge; Andreassen, Liss M (2011). "The climatic significance of artefacts related to prehistoric reindeer hunting exposed at melting ice patches in southern Norway". <i>The Holocene</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 485–496. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0959683611425552">10.1177/0959683611425552</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-6836">0959-6836</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129845949">129845949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Holocene&rft.atitle=The+climatic+significance+of+artefacts+related+to+prehistoric+reindeer+hunting+exposed+at+melting+ice+patches+in+southern+Norway&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=485-496&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129845949%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0959-6836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0959683611425552&rft.aulast=Nesje&rft.aufirst=Atle&rft.au=Pil%C3%B8%2C+Lars+Holger&rft.au=Finstad%2C+Espen&rft.au=Solli%2C+Brit&rft.au=Wangen%2C+Vivian&rft.au=%C3%98deg%C3%A5rd%2C+Rune+Strand&rft.au=Isaksen%2C+Ketil&rft.au=St%C3%B8ren%2C+Eivind+N.&rft.au=Bakke%2C+Dag+Inge&rft.au=Andreassen%2C+Liss+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norwaypost.no/index.php/culture/13871">"Old Shoe- Even Older".</a> <i>The Norway Post</i>, 2 May 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308201631/http://norwaypost.no/index.php/culture/13871">Archived</a> 8 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Science_Advances-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Science_Advances_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancisco_Martínez-Sevilla2023" class="citation journal cs1">Francisco Martínez-Sevilla; et al. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Bones+Reveal+First+Shoe-Wearers&rft.date=2005-08-24&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Olivia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F4173838.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelmLockleyCawthraDe_Vynck2023" class="citation journal cs1">Helm, Charles W.; Lockley, Martin G.; Cawthra, Hayley C.; De Vynck, Jan C.; Dixon, Mark G.; Rust, Renée; Stear, Willo; Van Tonder, Monique; Zipfel, Bernhard (2023). 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(July 2008). "Anatomical Evidence for the Antiquity of Human Footwear: Tianyuan and Sunghir". <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>35</b> (7): 1928–1933. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JArSc..35.1928T">2008JArSc..35.1928T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2007.12.002">10.1016/j.jas.2007.12.002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=Anatomical+Evidence+for+the+Antiquity+of+Human+Footwear%3A+Tianyuan+and+Sunghir&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1928-1933&rft.date=2008-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jas.2007.12.002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008JArSc..35.1928T&rft.au=Trinkaus%2C+E.&rft.au=Shang%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laubin_Laubin_Vestal-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Laubin_Laubin_Vestal_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaubin,_ReginaldLaubin,_GladysVestal,_Stanley1977" class="citation book cs1">Laubin, Reginald; Laubin, Gladys; Vestal, Stanley (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=koVdBGjlz8gC&pg=PA101"><i>The Indian Tipi: Its History, Construction, and Use</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman, Oklahoma</a>: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2236-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2236-6"><bdi>978-0-8061-2236-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180427210304/https://books.google.com/books?id=koVdBGjlz8gC&pg=PA101">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-04-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Tipi%3A+Its+History%2C+Construction%2C+and+Use&rft.place=Norman%2C+Oklahoma&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-2236-6&rft.au=Laubin%2C+Reginald&rft.au=Laubin%2C+Gladys&rft.au=Vestal%2C+Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkoVdBGjlz8gC%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curtin_Cameron-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Curtin_Cameron_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKippen1999" class="citation book cs1">Kippen, Cameron (1999). <i>The History of Footwear</i>. <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>: Department of Podiatry, Curtin University of Technology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Footwear&rft.place=Perth%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Department+of+Podiatry%2C+Curtin+University+of+Technology&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Kippen&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeMello_Margo_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeMello_Margo_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeMello_Margo_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeMello_Margo_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeMello_Margo_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeMello2009" class="citation book cs1">DeMello, Margo (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5QdKSxajwP0C&pg=PA131"><i>Feet and Footwear: A Cultural Encyclopedia</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>: ABC-CLIO, LLC. pp. 20–24, 90, 108, 130–131, 226–230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35714-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35714-5"><bdi>978-0-313-35714-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feet+and+Footwear%3A+A+Cultural+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=20-24%2C+90%2C+108%2C+130-131%2C+226-230&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO%2C+LLC&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-313-35714-5&rft.aulast=DeMello&rft.aufirst=Margo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5QdKSxajwP0C%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.library.jhu.edu/2017/07/ancient-egypt-the-birthplace-of-flip-flops/">"Egypt: The Birthplace of Flip Flops? – The Sheridan Libraries & University Museums Blog"</a>. 21 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Egypt%3A+The+Birthplace+of+Flip+Flops%3F+%E2%80%93+The+Sheridan+Libraries+%26+University+Museums+Blog&rft.date=2017-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.library.jhu.edu%2F2017%2F07%2Fancient-egypt-the-birthplace-of-flip-flops%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kendzior_Russell-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kendzior_Russell_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendzior2010" class="citation book cs1">Kendzior, Russell J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2TzSKEvGDIoC&pg=PA117"><i>Falls Aren't Funny: America's Multi-Billion-Dollar Slip-and-Fall Crisis</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Lanham,_Maryland" title="Lanham, Maryland">Lanham, Maryland</a>: www.govtinstpress.com/ Government Institutes. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86587-016-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86587-016-1"><bdi>978-0-86587-016-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170319011755/https://books.google.com/books?id=2TzSKEvGDIoC&pg=PA117">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-03-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Falls+Aren%27t+Funny%3A+America%27s+Multi-Billion-Dollar+Slip-and-Fall+Crisis&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=www.govtinstpress.com%2F+Government+Institutes&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-86587-016-1&rft.aulast=Kendzior&rft.aufirst=Russell+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2TzSKEvGDIoC%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frazine_Richard_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frazine_Richard_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frazine_Richard_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frazine_Richard_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrazine1993" class="citation book cs1">Frazine, Richard Keith (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=edsITVCd2G0C&q=barefoot+hiker"><i>The Barefoot Hiker</i></a>. Ten Speed Press. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89815-525-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89815-525-9"><bdi>978-0-89815-525-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Barefoot+Hiker&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Ten+Speed+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-89815-525-9&rft.aulast=Frazine&rft.aufirst=Richard+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DedsITVCd2G0C%26q%3Dbarefoot%2Bhiker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ancient_olympics-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ancient_olympics_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100728000414/http://www.npr.org/programs/re/archivesdate/2004/jul/nemea/">"Unearthing the First Olympics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>. July 19, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/programs/re/archivesdate/2004/jul/nemea/">the original</a> on July 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Unearthing+the+First+Olympics&rft.date=2004-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fprograms%2Fre%2Farchivesdate%2F2004%2Fjul%2Fnemea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krentz_Peter-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Krentz_Peter_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrentz2010" class="citation book cs1">Krentz, Peter (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ncT8JFn-ed8C&pg=PT112"><i>The Battle of Marathon</i></a>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 112–113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12085-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12085-1"><bdi>978-0-300-12085-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180427210304/https://books.google.com/books?id=ncT8JFn-ed8C&pg=PT112">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-04-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Marathon&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pages=112-113&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12085-1&rft.aulast=Krentz&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DncT8JFn-ed8C%26pg%3DPT112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Greece and Rome at War' by Peter Connolly</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwann2001" class="citation book cs1">Swann, June (2001). <i>History of Footwear in Norway, Sweden and Finland: Prehistory to 1950</i>. Kungl. Vitterhets, historie och antikvitets akademien. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789174023237" title="Special:BookSources/9789174023237"><bdi>9789174023237</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Footwear+in+Norway%2C+Sweden+and+Finland%3A+Prehistory+to+1950&rft.pub=Kungl.+Vitterhets%2C+historie+och+antikvitets+akademien&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9789174023237&rft.aulast=Swann&rft.aufirst=June&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Genesis 14:23, Deuteronomy 25:9, Ruth 4:7-8, Luke 15:22</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis+14%3A23%2C+Deuteronomy+25%3A9%2C+Ruth+4%3A7-8%2C+Luke+15%3A22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLedger1985" class="citation book cs1">Ledger, Florence (1985). <i>Put Your Foot Down: A Treatise on the History of Shoes</i>. C. Venton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780854751112" title="Special:BookSources/9780854751112"><bdi>9780854751112</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Put+Your+Foot+Down%3A+A+Treatise+on+the+History+of+Shoes&rft.pub=C.+Venton&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780854751112&rft.aulast=Ledger&rft.aufirst=Florence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-foot-binding-in-china-195228">"The History of Foot Binding in China"</a>. <i>ThoughtCo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Foot+Binding+in+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fthe-history-of-foot-binding-in-china-195228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuth_Hibbard2015" class="citation web cs1">Ruth Hibbard (9 Jul 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/museum-life/getting-to-the-point-of-medieval-shoes">"Getting To The Point Of Medieval Shoes"</a>. <i>Victoria & Albert Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 Oct</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Victoria+%26+Albert+Museum&rft.atitle=Getting+To+The+Point+Of+Medieval+Shoes&rft.date=2015-07-09&rft.au=Ruth+Hibbard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vam.ac.uk%2Fblog%2Fmuseum-life%2Fgetting-to-the-point-of-medieval-shoes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vikingsof.me/downloads/clothing-guide/male.html#shoes">"Making Basic Viking-Age Men's Clothing"</a>. <i>www.vikingsof.me</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vikingsof.me&rft.atitle=Making+Basic+Viking-Age+Men%27s+Clothing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vikingsof.me%2Fdownloads%2Fclothing-guide%2Fmale.html%23shoes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Shoes and Pattens: Finds from Medieval Excavations in London' (Medieval Finds from Excavations in London) by Francis Grew & Margrethe de Neergaard</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blair_John-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blair_John_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlair1991" class="citation book cs1">Blair, John (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PDLPX7J8kW8C&q=turnshoe&pg=PA309"><i>English Medieval Industries: Craftsmen, Techniques, Products</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-907628-87-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-907628-87-3"><bdi>978-0-907628-87-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160425002817/https://books.google.com/books?id=PDLPX7J8kW8C&pg=PA309&lpg=PA309&dq=turnshoe&source=bl&ots=VeX_KjBRBf&sig=qi6DCjKWfNRsg5Sg1R_uO5vqyXE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VsoOUPTeI-rq0gGj_4CwBA&ved=0CEYQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=turnshoe&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-04-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Medieval+Industries%3A+Craftsmen%2C+Techniques%2C+Products&rft.place=London&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-907628-87-3&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPDLPX7J8kW8C%26q%3Dturnshoe%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-high_heels-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-high_heels_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-high_heels_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100728002338/http://www.randomhistory.com/1-50/036heels.html">"Dangerous Elegance: A History of High-Heeled Shoes"</a>. Random History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randomhistory.com/1-50/036heels.html">the original</a> on July 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dangerous+Elegance%3A+A+History+of+High-Heeled+Shoes&rft.pub=Random+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randomhistory.com%2F1-50%2F036heels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-polaine-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-polaine_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Encyclopaedia of the Renaissance</i>. Market House Books. 1988. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-5967-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-5967-8"><bdi>978-0-7134-5967-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+the+Renaissance&rft.pub=Market+House+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7134-5967-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1979" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Ruth Matilda (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hispaniccostume10000ande/page/229/mode/1up?view=theater"><i>Hispanic costume, 1480-1530</i></a>. Hispanic Society of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87535-126-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87535-126-1"><bdi>978-0-87535-126-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hispanic+costume%2C+1480-1530&rft.pub=Hispanic+Society+of+America&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-87535-126-1&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Ruth+Matilda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhispaniccostume10000ande%2Fpage%2F229%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRielloMcNeil2007" class="citation journal cs1">Riello, Giorgio; McNeil, Peter (March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/footprints-history">"Footprints from History"</a>. <i>History Today</i>. <b>57</b> (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=Footprints+from+History&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2007-03&rft.aulast=Riello&rft.aufirst=Giorgio&rft.au=McNeil%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Farchive%2Ffootprints-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yue_Charlotte-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yue_Charlotte_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYue1997" class="citation book cs1">Yue, Charlotte (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shoestheirhistor00yuec"><i>Shoes: Their History in Words and Pictures</i></a></span>. New York City: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shoestheirhistor00yuec/page/46">46</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-72667-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-72667-9"><bdi>978-0-395-72667-9</bdi></a>. <q>straights+shoes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shoes%3A+Their+History+in+Words+and+Pictures&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-395-72667-9&rft.aulast=Yue&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshoestheirhistor00yuec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Napol-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Napol_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Napol_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Napol_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://staffscc.net/shoes1/?p=126">"History of Shoemaking in Britain—Napoleonic Wars and the Industrial Revolution"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202130102/http://staffscc.net/shoes1/?p=126">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-02-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Shoemaking+in+Britain%E2%80%94Napoleonic+Wars+and+the+Industrial+Revolution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstaffscc.net%2Fshoes1%2F%3Fp%3D126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Phillips, <i>Morning's Walk from London to Kew</i>, 1817.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._A._McKinley1958" class="citation web cs1">R. A. McKinley (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66568">"FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURE"</a>. British History Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203092232/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66568">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-02-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FOOTWEAR+MANUFACTURE&rft.pub=British+History+Online&rft.date=1958&rft.au=R.+A.+McKinley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D66568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_W._Carey2009" class="citation book cs1">Charles W. Carey (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XKiGgl36bkgC"><i>American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, and Business Visionaries</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816068838" title="Special:BookSources/9780816068838"><bdi>9780816068838</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Inventors%2C+Entrepreneurs%2C+and+Business+Visionaries&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780816068838&rft.au=Charles+W.+Carey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXKiGgl36bkgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullivan2007" class="citation book cs1">O'Sullivan, Gary B (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CIDWbb-yOQ0C"><i>The Oak and Serpent</i></a>. Lulu. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0615155579" title="Special:BookSources/978-0615155579"><bdi>978-0615155579</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oak+and+Serpent&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Lulu&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0615155579&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Gary+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCIDWbb-yOQ0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark_Brian-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clark_Brian_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2009" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Brian (October 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920190620/http://www.thedailygreen.com/living-green/blogs/recycling-design-technology/biodegradable-shoes-461009">"Biodegradable... Shoes??"</a>. <i>The Daily Green</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailygreen.com/living-green/blogs/recycling-design-technology/biodegradable-shoes-461009">the original</a> on September 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Green&rft.atitle=Biodegradable...+Shoes%3F%3F&rft.date=2009-10-24&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailygreen.com%2Fliving-green%2Fblogs%2Frecycling-design-technology%2Fbiodegradable-shoes-461009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nike_considered-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nike_considered_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://help-us.nike.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/13764/~/what-is-nike-considered%3F">"What is Nike Considered?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike, Inc.</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate"> Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nike%2C+Inc.&rft.atitle=What+is+Nike+Considered%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhelp-us.nike.com%2Fapp%2Fanswers%2Fdetail%2Fa_id%2F13764%2F~%2Fwhat-is-nike-considered%253F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSR-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CSR_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/15082-Brooks-R-Sports-Unveils-BioMoGo-Biodegradable-Shoe">"Ground-breaking Technology Brings World's First Biodegradable Midsole to Runners"</a>. <i>CSR Press Release</i>. November 15, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120728232020/http://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/15082-Brooks-R-Sports-Unveils-BioMoGo-Biodegradable-Shoe">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CSR+Press+Release&rft.atitle=Ground-breaking+Technology+Brings+World%27s+First+Biodegradable+Midsole+to+Runners&rft.date=2007-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csrwire.com%2Fpress_releases%2F15082-Brooks-R-Sports-Unveils-BioMoGo-Biodegradable-Shoe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PRWeb_ibisworld-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PRWeb_ibisworld_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313020222/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/6/prweb9580832.htm">"Global Footwear Manufacturing Industry Market Research Report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PRWeb" class="mw-redirect" title="PRWeb">PRWeb</a></i>. June 7, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/6/prweb9580832.htm">the original</a> on March 13, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PRWeb&rft.atitle=Global+Footwear+Manufacturing+Industry+Market+Research+Report&rft.date=2012-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prweb.com%2Freleases%2F2012%2F6%2Fprweb9580832.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lake_Matt-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lake_Matt_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLake,_MattMoran,_MarkSceurman,_Mark2005" class="citation book cs1">Lake, Matt; Moran, Mark; Sceurman, Mark (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bfaultPxl18C&q=haines+shoe+house&pg=PA131"><i>Weird Pennsylvania: Your Travel Guide to Pennsylvania's Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: Sterling Publishing Co. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-3279-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-3279-9"><bdi>978-1-4027-3279-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306155239/https://books.google.com/books?id=bfaultPxl18C&pg=PA131&dq=haines+shoe+house&hl=en#v=onepage&q=haines%20shoe%20house&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weird+Pennsylvania%3A+Your+Travel+Guide+to+Pennsylvania%27s+Local+Legends+and+Best+Kept+Secrets&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4027-3279-9&rft.au=Lake%2C+Matt&rft.au=Moran%2C+Mark&rft.au=Sceurman%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbfaultPxl18C%26q%3Dhaines%2Bshoe%2Bhouse%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEtienne2001" class="citation journal cs1">Etienne, Phebus (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3300161">"Shoes"</a>. <i>Callaloo</i>. <b>24</b> (3): 738. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcal.2001.0137">10.1353/cal.2001.0137</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0161-2492">0161-2492</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3300161">3300161</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246284343">246284343</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Callaloo&rft.atitle=Shoes&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=738&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=0161-2492&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A246284343%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3300161%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcal.2001.0137&rft.aulast=Etienne&rft.aufirst=Phebus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3300161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skidmore_Sarah-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skidmore_Sarah_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkidmore2007" class="citation news cs1">Skidmore, Sarah (15 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/14/AR2007011400451.html">"Sneakerheads Love to Show Off Their Shoes"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112215819/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/14/AR2007011400451.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Sneakerheads+Love+to+Show+Off+Their+Shoes&rft.date=2007-01-15&rft.aulast=Skidmore&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F01%2F14%2FAR2007011400451.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Czech-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Czech_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110620232159/http://www.ceskapozice.cz/en/news/society/czech-%E2%80%98sneakerheads%E2%80%99-flaunt-their-best-trainers">"Czech 'Sneakerheads' Flaunt Their Best Trainers"</a>. Czech Position. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceskapozice.cz/en/news/society/czech-%E2%80%98sneakerheads%E2%80%99-flaunt-their-best-trainers">the original</a> on 20 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Czech+%27Sneakerheads%27+Flaunt+Their+Best+Trainers&rft.pub=Czech+Position&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceskapozice.cz%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fsociety%2Fczech-%25E2%2580%2598sneakerheads%25E2%2580%2599-flaunt-their-best-trainers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farbridge_Maurice-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Farbridge_Maurice_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Farbridge_Maurice_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarbridge2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_H._Farbridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice H. Farbridge (page does not exist)">Farbridge, Maurice H.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cDto8rWxKJcC&pg=PA274"><i>Studies in Biblical & Semitic Symbolism 1923</i></a>. Kessinger Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-3856-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-3856-8"><bdi>978-0-7661-3856-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222034528/https://books.google.com/books?id=cDto8rWxKJcC&pg=PA274">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Biblical+%26+Semitic+Symbolism+1923&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-3856-8&rft.aulast=Farbridge&rft.aufirst=Maurice+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcDto8rWxKJcC%26pg%3DPA274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span>, pages=273–274</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#3:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 3:5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gammell_Caroline-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gammell_Caroline_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGammell2008" class="citation news cs1">Gammell, Caroline (December 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/3776970/Arab-culture-the-insult-of-the-shoe.html">"Arab Culture: The Insult of the Shoe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120725033131/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/3776970/Arab-culture-the-insult-of-the-shoe.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Arab+Culture%3A+The+Insult+of+the+Shoe&rft.date=2008-12-15&rft.aulast=Gammell&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F3776970%2FArab-culture-the-insult-of-the-shoe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asser_Martin-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Asser_Martin_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsser2008" class="citation news cs1">Asser, Martin (December 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7783325.stm">"Bush Shoe-ing Worst Arab Insult"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016125313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7783325.stm">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Bush+Shoe-ing+Worst+Arab+Insult&rft.date=2008-12-15&rft.aulast=Asser&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F7783325.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tel-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tel_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/3776970/Arab-culture-the-insult-of-the-shoe.html">Arab culture: the insult of the shoe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180312192122/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/3776970/Arab-culture-the-insult-of-the-shoe.html">Archived</a> 2018-03-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>, 15 December 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7783325.stm">Bush shoe-ing worst Arab insult</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120530150415/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7783325.stm">Archived</a> 2012-05-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC, 16 December 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reeve_Andru-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reeve_Andru_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeve2004" class="citation book cs1">Reeve, Andru J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=feRa_ol-CEgC&q=greek+empty+shoes&pg=PA79"><i>Turn Me On, Dead Man: The Beatles and the "Paul Is Dead" Hoax</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a>: AuthorHouse. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4184-8294-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4184-8294-7"><bdi>978-1-4184-8294-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160427133401/https://books.google.com/books?id=feRa_ol-CEgC&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=greek+empty+shoes&source=bl&ots=ELuuyVAgwz&sig=LSVlExBoHi4aVg-SjLpfUFF6IM0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KhoOUIXeH4-m8QSZzYDgDw&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=greek%20empty%20shoes&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-04-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turn+Me+On%2C+Dead+Man%3A+The+Beatles+and+the+%22Paul+Is+Dead%22+Hoax&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4184-8294-7&rft.aulast=Reeve&rft.aufirst=Andru+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfeRa_ol-CEgC%26q%3Dgreek%2Bempty%2Bshoes%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen_Sam-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_Sam_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2011" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Sam (September 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fox40.com/news/headlines/ktxl-empty-shoes-an-emotional-reminder-of-those-who-died-on-911-20110911,0,202292.story">"Empty Shoes an Emotional Reminder of Those Who Died on 9/11"</a>. <i>Fox 40</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+40&rft.atitle=Empty+Shoes+an+Emotional+Reminder+of+Those+Who+Died+on+9%2F11&rft.date=2011-09-11&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fox40.com%2Fnews%2Fheadlines%2Fktxl-empty-shoes-an-emotional-reminder-of-those-who-died-on-911-20110911%2C0%2C202292.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karak_Niranjan-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karak_Niranjan_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarak2009" class="citation book cs1">Karak, Niranjan (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lUhf0y_fWYoC&q=shoe+vamp+welt&pg=PA263"><i>Fundamentals Of Polymers: Raw Materials To Finish Products</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>: PHI Learning Private Limited. pp. 263–264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-203-3877-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-203-3877-7"><bdi>978-81-203-3877-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160513214125/https://books.google.com/books?id=lUhf0y_fWYoC&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=shoe+vamp+welt&source=bl&ots=ARiVAFESWK&sig=U21eLgu1lqxb7GpeqHT_F6og_pM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5LIWUK32BueX6QGt0YCABQ&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=shoe%20vamp%20welt&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+Of+Polymers%3A+Raw+Materials+To+Finish+Products&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=263-264&rft.pub=PHI+Learning+Private+Limited&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-203-3877-7&rft.aulast=Karak&rft.aufirst=Niranjan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlUhf0y_fWYoC%26q%3Dshoe%2Bvamp%2Bwelt%26pg%3DPA263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vonhof_John-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vonhof_John_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vonhof_John_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vonhof_John_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vonhof_John_58-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vonhof_John_58-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vonhof_John_58-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVonhof2011" class="citation book cs1">Vonhof, John (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7gpb8nlQjKkC&q=parts+of+a+shoe&pg=PA58"><i>Fixing Your Feet: Prevention and Treatments for Athletes</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>: Wilderness Press. pp. 58–59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89997-638-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89997-638-9"><bdi>978-0-89997-638-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506020455/https://books.google.com/books?id=7gpb8nlQjKkC&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=parts+of+a+shoe&source=bl&ots=XUgXEhb16P&sig=GLDVufIYSRB9YrY15AUKOHAJ9oA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gK8WUPmuAur50gHllIGgCw&ved=0CEoQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=parts%20of%20a%20shoe&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fixing+Your+Feet%3A+Prevention+and+Treatments+for+Athletes&rft.place=Birmingham%2C+Alabama&rft.pages=58-59&rft.pub=Wilderness+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-89997-638-9&rft.aulast=Vonhof&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7gpb8nlQjKkC%26q%3Dparts%2Bof%2Ba%2Bshoe%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver_Sweeney_Ltd" class="citation web cs1">Oliver Sweeney Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141004213442/http://www.oliversweeney.com/ShoeGlossary.html?article=260">"Home Page—Oliver Sweeney"</a>. <i>oliversweeney.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oliversweeney.com/ShoeGlossary.html?article=260">the original</a> on 2014-10-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oliversweeney.com&rft.atitle=Home+Page%E2%80%94Oliver+Sweeney&rft.au=Oliver+Sweeney+Ltd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oliversweeney.com%2FShoeGlossary.html%3Farticle%3D260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suddath_Claire-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Suddath_Claire_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuddath2010" class="citation news cs1">Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913155018/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1996883,00.html">"A Brief History of: Velcro"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1996883,00.html">the original</a> on September 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of%3A+Velcro&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft.aulast=Suddath&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fnation%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1996883%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frank_Robert-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frank_Robert_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2007" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Robert H. (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/economicnaturali00fran_0"><i>The Economic Naturalist: In Search of Explanations for Everyday Enigmas</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: Basic Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/economicnaturali00fran_0/page/174">174</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00217-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00217-7"><bdi>978-0-465-00217-7</bdi></a>. <q>velcro laces.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economic+Naturalist%3A+In+Search+of+Explanations+for+Everyday+Enigmas&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-465-00217-7&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feconomicnaturali00fran_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdelsteinBruckner2002" class="citation book cs1">Edelstein, Joan E.; Bruckner, Jan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/orthoticscompreh0000edel/page/21"><i>Orthotics: A Comprehensive Clinical Approach</i></a>. SLACK Incorporated. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/orthoticscompreh0000edel/page/21">21</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55642-416-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55642-416-8"><bdi>978-1-55642-416-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orthotics%3A+A+Comprehensive+Clinical+Approach&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=SLACK+Incorporated&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-55642-416-8&rft.aulast=Edelstein&rft.aufirst=Joan+E.&rft.au=Bruckner%2C+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Forthoticscompreh0000edel%2Fpage%2F21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllisBranthwaiteChockalingam2022" class="citation journal cs1">Ellis, Stephen; Branthwaite, Helen; Chockalingam, Nachiappan (December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8829975">"Evaluation and optimisation of a footwear assessment tool for use within a clinical environment"</a>. <i>Journal of Foot and Ankle Research</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13047-022-00519-6">10.1186/s13047-022-00519-6</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8829975">8829975</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35144665">35144665</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Foot+and+Ankle+Research&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+optimisation+of+a+footwear+assessment+tool+for+use+within+a+clinical+environment&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2022-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8829975%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35144665&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs13047-022-00519-6&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Branthwaite%2C+Helen&rft.au=Chockalingam%2C+Nachiappan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8829975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ward_Julie-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ward_Julie_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2005" class="citation news cs1">Ward, Julie (September 13, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/sports/2005-09-13-flip-flops_x.htm">"Next big step in team spirit: Flip-flops"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110809113042/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/2005-09-13-flip-flops_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Next+big+step+in+team+spirit%3A+Flip-flops.&rft.date=2005-09-13&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fsports%2F2005-09-13-flip-flops_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lister_Richard-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lister_Richard_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLister2010" class="citation news cs1">Lister, Richard (February 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8523248.stm">"Flip-flop Diplomacy With the Dalai Lama"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016125254/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8523248.stm">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Flip-flop+Diplomacy+With+the+Dalai+Lama&rft.date=2010-02-19&rft.aulast=Lister&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F8523248.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGinnis_Peter-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McGinnis_Peter_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGinnis2005" class="citation book cs1">McGinnis, Peter M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PrOKEcZXJ58C&q=athletic+shoes&pg=PA26"><i>Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise</i></a> (Second ed.). <a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">Champaign, Illinois</a>: www.humankinetics.com. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7360-5101-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7360-5101-9"><bdi>978-0-7360-5101-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429115822/https://books.google.com/books?id=PrOKEcZXJ58C&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=athletic+shoes&source=bl&ots=dkFLbMtbgu&sig=ifnj5F7hHLK5d-hXDryKw00t6ZQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Xk42UPDfL46M0QGCk4DYDw&ved=0CEoQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=athletic%20shoes&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-04-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biomechanics+of+Sport+and+Exercise&rft.place=Champaign%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=26&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=www.humankinetics.com&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7360-5101-9&rft.aulast=McGinnis&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPrOKEcZXJ58C%26q%3Dathletic%2Bshoes%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dan_Winters-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dan_Winters_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinters2010" class="citation news cs1">Winters, Dan (November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120728010633/http://www.runnersworld.com/article/0,7120,s6-240-400--13691-F,00.html">"Is Less More?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Runner%27s_World" title="Runner's World">Runner's World</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.runnersworld.com/article/0,7120,s6-240-400--13691-F,00.html">the original</a> on July 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Runner%27s+World&rft.atitle=Is+Less+More%3F&rft.date=2010-11&rft.aulast=Winters&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.runnersworld.com%2Farticle%2F0%2C7120%2Cs6-240-400--13691-F%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farrally_Cochran-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Farrally_Cochran_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrally,_Martin_R.Cochran,_Alastair_J.1999" class="citation book cs1">Farrally, Martin R.; Cochran, Alastair J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MnC60GN8PJ4C&q=golf+shoes&pg=PA569"><i>Science and Golf III: Proceedings of the 1998 World Scientific Congress of Golf</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">Champaign, Illinois</a>: www.humankinetics.com. pp. 568–569. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7360-0020-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7360-0020-8"><bdi>978-0-7360-0020-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160518175144/https://books.google.com/books?id=MnC60GN8PJ4C&pg=PA569&lpg=PA569&dq=golf+shoes&source=bl&ots=p20uF2KOiQ&sig=PleJJIBWPb9r_ftziNEukm4W3Vw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AWo2UKWvKceB0QHa7oHoAg&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=golf%20shoes&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Golf+III%3A+Proceedings+of+the+1998+World+Scientific+Congress+of+Golf&rft.place=Champaign%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=568-569&rft.pub=www.humankinetics.com&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7360-0020-8&rft.au=Farrally%2C+Martin+R.&rft.au=Cochran%2C+Alastair+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMnC60GN8PJ4C%26q%3Dgolf%2Bshoes%26pg%3DPA569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peterson_Hal-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peterson_Hal_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2007" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, Hal (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ko_a_Ij3TRMC&q=converse+all-stars"><i>Chucks!: The Phenomenon of Converse Chuck Taylor All Stars</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse_Publishing" title="Skyhorse Publishing">Skyhorse Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60239-079-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60239-079-9"><bdi>978-1-60239-079-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160511032858/https://books.google.com/books?id=ko_a_Ij3TRMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=converse+all-stars&source=bl&ots=yMn8WAJnK8&sig=GeSNFIYNAUgRGChnDqMfefDXuPY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YIM2UK_vNIya8gT5iYDwBQ&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=converse%20all-stars&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chucks%21%3A+The+Phenomenon+of+Converse+Chuck+Taylor+All+Stars&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-60239-079-9&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Hal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dko_a_Ij3TRMC%26q%3Dconverse%2Ball-stars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Papson_Goldman-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Papson_Goldman_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapson,_StephenGoldman,_Robert1998" class="citation book cs1">Papson, Stephen; Goldman, Robert (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYP03bw1mVIC&q=air+jordans&pg=PA47"><i>Nike Culture: The Sign of the Swoosh</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: SAGE Publications. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-6148-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-6148-2"><bdi>978-0-7619-6148-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160517123717/https://books.google.com/books?id=KYP03bw1mVIC&pg=PA47&lpg=PA47&dq=air+jordans&source=bl&ots=2FUA00vpwr&sig=77efxA0aD2mdSqO5V5321Xv6TDI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QoU2UN-6OpO08ASC3oGIDg&ved=0CFQQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=air%20jordans&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nike+Culture%3A+The+Sign+of+the+Swoosh&rft.place=London&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-6148-2&rft.au=Papson%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Goldman%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYP03bw1mVIC%26q%3Dair%2Bjordans%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TrailSpace-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TrailSpace_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trailspace.com/articles/2007/11/12/vibram-fivefingers-named-a-best-invention-of-2007-by-time-magazine.html">"Vibram FiveFingers Named A "Best Invention of 2007" by Time Magazine"</a>. <i>trailspace.com</i>. 12 November 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100513230848/http://www.trailspace.com/articles/2007/11/12/vibram-fivefingers-named-a-best-invention-of-2007-by-time-magazine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=trailspace.com&rft.atitle=Vibram+FiveFingers+Named+A+%22Best+Invention+of+2007%22+by+Time+Magazine&rft.date=2007-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trailspace.com%2Farticles%2F2007%2F11%2F12%2Fvibram-fivefingers-named-a-best-invention-of-2007-by-time-magazine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cortese_Amy-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cortese_Amy_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCortese2009" class="citation news cs1">Cortese, Amy (August 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/30/business/30shoe.html">"Wiggling Their Toes at the Shoe Giants"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110404080819/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/30/business/30shoe.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Wiggling+Their+Toes+at+the+Shoe+Giants&rft.date=2009-08-29&rft.aulast=Cortese&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F08%2F30%2Fbusiness%2F30shoe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saucony-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saucony_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110911213001/http://www.runnersworld.com/cda/shoefinder_detail/1,7161,s6-240-400-0-0-0-0-0-1861,00.html">"Saucony Progrid Kinvara Running Shoe Review: Runner's World"</a>. <i>Runner's World</i>. February 15, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.runnersworld.com/cda/shoefinder_detail/1,7161,s6-240-400-0-0-0-0-0-1861,00.html">the original</a> on September 11, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Runner%27s+World&rft.atitle=Saucony+Progrid+Kinvara+Running+Shoe+Review%3A+Runner%27s+World&rft.date=2008-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.runnersworld.com%2Fcda%2Fshoefinder_detail%2F1%2C7161%2Cs6-240-400-0-0-0-0-0-1861%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jhung_Lisa-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jhung_Lisa_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJhung2011" class="citation news cs1">Jhung, Lisa (May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110506145415/http://gear.runnersworld.com/2011/05/saucony-minimalism.html">"Saucony Minimalism"</a>. <i>Runner's World</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gear.runnersworld.com/2011/05/saucony-minimalism.html">the original</a> on 2011-05-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Runner%27s+World&rft.atitle=Saucony+Minimalism&rft.date=2011-05&rft.aulast=Jhung&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgear.runnersworld.com%2F2011%2F05%2Fsaucony-minimalism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDougall_Christopher-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McDougall_Christopher_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDougall2011" class="citation book cs1">McDougall, Christopher (2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780307279187"><i>Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Superathletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: Vintage Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780307279187/page/168">168</a>, 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-27918-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-27918-7"><bdi>978-0-307-27918-7</bdi></a>. <q>born to run.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Born+to+Run%3A+A+Hidden+Tribe%2C+Superathletes%2C+and+the+Greatest+Race+the+World+Has+Never+Seen&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=168%2C+172&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-307-27918-7&rft.aulast=McDougall&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780307279187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Welinder_Whitley-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Welinder_Whitley_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelinder,_PerWhitley,_Peter2012" class="citation book cs1">Welinder, Per; Whitley, Peter (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n-sm3PHrfuMC&q=skate+shoes&pg=PA8"><i>Mastering Skateboarding</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">Champaign, Illinois</a>: Human Kinetics. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7360-9599-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7360-9599-0"><bdi>978-0-7360-9599-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624133118/https://books.google.com/books?id=n-sm3PHrfuMC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=skate+shoes&source=bl&ots=hHtSxS72qm&sig=r38MPQz6t7tiO5dgrvT6g3STjhg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wos2ULXeD4T89gS6joGwCg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=skate%20shoes&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-06-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mastering+Skateboarding&rft.place=Champaign%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Human+Kinetics&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7360-9599-0&rft.au=Welinder%2C+Per&rft.au=Whitley%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn-sm3PHrfuMC%26q%3Dskate%2Bshoes%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPMBA-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPMBA_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Police_Mountain_Bike_Association2008" class="citation book cs1">International Police Mountain Bike Association (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OWeDspfAdKcC&q=cycling+shoes&pg=PA45"><i>The Complete Guide to Public Safety Cycling</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Sudbury,_Massachusetts" title="Sudbury, Massachusetts">Sudbury, Massachusetts</a>: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-4433-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-4433-5"><bdi>978-0-7637-4433-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519050811/https://books.google.com/books?id=OWeDspfAdKcC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=cycling+shoes&source=bl&ots=FRDs04HdY_&sig=H1Gf57RjKAVWzaYA6vMtKoHofN0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YI02UKufII2o8gSAhIGwDA&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=cycling%20shoes&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+Public+Safety+Cycling&rft.place=Sudbury%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7637-4433-5&rft.au=International+Police+Mountain+Bike+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOWeDspfAdKcC%26q%3Dcycling%2Bshoes%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadding2018" class="citation web cs1">Radding, Ben (November 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/best-weightlifting-shoes-according-trainers-202200672.html">"The Best Weightlifting Shoes, According to Trainers"</a>. <i>Yahoo Life</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+Life&rft.atitle=The+Best+Weightlifting+Shoes%2C+According+to+Trainers&rft.date=2018-11-15&rft.aulast=Radding&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Flifestyle%2Fbest-weightlifting-shoes-according-trainers-202200672.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeWeese_Daniel-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeWeese_Daniel_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeWeese2010" class="citation news cs1">DeWeese, G. Daniel (June 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121016062459/http://www.truewestmagazine.com/jcontent/living-the-dream/living-the-dream/fashion/2731-the-functional-side-of-cowboy-boots">"The Functional Side of Cowboy Boots"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/True_West_Magazine" title="True West Magazine">True West Magazine</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truewestmagazine.com/jcontent/living-the-dream/living-the-dream/fashion/2731-the-functional-side-of-cowboy-boots">the original</a> on October 16, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=True+West+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Functional+Side+of+Cowboy+Boots&rft.date=2010-06-29&rft.aulast=DeWeese&rft.aufirst=G.+Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.truewestmagazine.com%2Fjcontent%2Fliving-the-dream%2Fliving-the-dream%2Ffashion%2F2731-the-functional-side-of-cowboy-boots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chand_Elise-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chand_Elise_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChand2009" class="citation book cs1">Chand, Elise Gaston (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Iu2CzhW0g3YC&q=exotic+cowboy+boots&pg=PA91"><i>A Parent's Guide to Riding Lessons: Everything You Need to Know to Survive and Thrive With a Horse-Loving Kid</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/North_Adams,_Massachusetts" title="North Adams, Massachusetts">North Adams, Massachusetts</a>: Storey Publishing. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60342-447-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60342-447-9"><bdi>978-1-60342-447-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160510104233/https://books.google.com/books?id=Iu2CzhW0g3YC&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=exotic+cowboy+boots&source=bl&ots=o4vQGrMP6f&sig=qM8AFCqdgGZc_0dhQygyIq2UM6k&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cmAkUOTrNIag8gTctYG4Cw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=exotic%20cowboy%20boots&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Parent%27s+Guide+to+Riding+Lessons%3A+Everything+You+Need+to+Know+to+Survive+and+Thrive+With+a+Horse-Loving+Kid&rft.place=North+Adams%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Storey+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-60342-447-9&rft.aulast=Chand&rft.aufirst=Elise+Gaston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIu2CzhW0g3YC%26q%3Dexotic%2Bcowboy%2Bboots%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howe_Steve-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Howe_Steve_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe2002" class="citation news cs1">Howe, Steve (March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DOIDAAAAMBAJ&q=hiking+boots&pg=PA43">"Boots"</a>. <i>Backpacker</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130318234513/http://books.google.com/books?id=DOIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=hiking+boots&source=bl&ots=8CoJk-V0n9&sig=ZtaEOvkfB_S5S40bn7bAi7UF-3g&hl=en&sa=X&ei=amIkUMuJFI-g8gSE_IDYCA&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=hiking%20boots&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Backpacker&rft.atitle=Boots&rft.date=2002-03&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDOIDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dhiking%2Bboots%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stimpert_Desiree-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stimpert_Desiree_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStimpert" class="citation news cs1">Stimpert, Desiree. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shoes.about.com/od/boots/a/snow_boots.htm">"What Makes a Boot a Snow Boot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723171147/http://shoes.about.com/od/boots/a/snow_boots.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=About.com&rft.atitle=What+Makes+a+Boot+a+Snow+Boot&rft.aulast=Stimpert&rft.aufirst=Desiree&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshoes.about.com%2Fod%2Fboots%2Fa%2Fsnow_boots.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bellis_Mary_Ice-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bellis_Mary_Ice_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellis" class="citation news cs1">Bellis, Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121205235844/http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bliceskates.htm">"History of Ice Skates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a></i>. 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Forest Drive, Pinelands, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>: Pearson Education South Africa. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77025-156-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77025-156-4"><bdi>978-1-77025-156-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508104957/https://books.google.com/books?id=VIVr_oR3JowC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=safety+boots&source=bl&ots=hydz0hRuEA&sig=5OSk5uTUJBdFY4z2GJK-Rz6Arm8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gFkkUM2KM4fM9QSvmIGwDA&ved=0CGUQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=safety%20boots&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Construction+Materials&rft.place=Forest+Drive%2C+Pinelands%2C+Cape+Town&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+South+Africa&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-77025-156-4&rft.aulast=Somaiya&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=James%2C+E.&rft.au=Wieffering%2C+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVIVr_oR3JowC%26q%3Dsafety%2Bboots%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillHealyChockalingam2019" class="citation journal cs1">Hill, Matthew; Healy, Aoife; Chockalingam, Nachiappan (December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6487054">"Key concepts in children's footwear research: a scoping review focusing on therapeutic footwear"</a>. <i>Journal of Foot and Ankle Research</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13047-019-0336-z">10.1186/s13047-019-0336-z</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6487054">6487054</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31061678">31061678</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Foot+and+Ankle+Research&rft.atitle=Key+concepts+in+children%27s+footwear+research%3A+a+scoping+review+focusing+on+therapeutic+footwear&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=25&rft.date=2019-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6487054%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31061678&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs13047-019-0336-z&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Healy%2C+Aoife&rft.au=Chockalingam%2C+Nachiappan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6487054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillHealyChockalingam2020" class="citation journal cs1">Hill, Matthew; 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Healy, Aoife; Chockalingam, Nachiappan (August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8354267">"Defining and grouping children's therapeutic footwear and criteria for their prescription: an international expert Delphi consensus study"</a>. <i>BMJ Open</i>. <b>11</b> (8): e051381. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmjopen-2021-051381">10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051381</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2044-6055">2044-6055</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8354267">8354267</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34373314">34373314</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ+Open&rft.atitle=Defining+and+grouping+children%27s+therapeutic+footwear+and+criteria+for+their+prescription%3A+an+international+expert+Delphi+consensus+study&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=e051381&rft.date=2021-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8354267%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2044-6055&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34373314&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmjopen-2021-051381&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Healy%2C+Aoife&rft.au=Chockalingam%2C+Nachiappan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8354267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US1725334">US patent 1725334</a>, "Foot-measuring instrument", published 1929-08-20</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=1725334&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Foot-measuring+instrument&rft.pubdate=1929-08-20"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. 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New York: Harper Collins. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenfromankledo00berg/page/284">284 pages</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-196961-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-196961-4"><bdi>978-0-06-196961-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+from+the+Ankle+Down%3A+The+Story+of+Shoes+and+How+They+Define+Us&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=284+pages&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-06-196961-4&rft.au=Bergstein%2C+Rachelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomenfromankledo00berg%2Fpage%2F284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Doe, Tamasin (1998), <i>Patrick Cox: Wit, Irony, and Footwear</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-1148-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8230-1148-8">0-8230-1148-8</a>.</li> <li>Pattison, Angela, <i>A Century of Shoes: Icons of Style in the 20th Century</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-0835-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7858-0835-3">0-7858-0835-3</a>.</li> <li>Swann, June. <i>History of Footwear in Norway, Sweden and Finland: Prehistory to 1950</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-7402-323-3" title="Special:BookSources/91-7402-323-3">91-7402-323-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Design Museum. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30656443-fifty-shoes-that-changed-the-world">Fifty Shoes That Changed the World</a></i>. London: Conran Octopus, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84091-539-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84091-539-6">978-1-84091-539-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Shoes</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Shoes">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Shoe" class="extiw" title="c:Shoe">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Shoes">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Shoes" class="extiw" title="q:Shoes">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Shoes">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Shoes">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Shoes">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bata_Shoe_Museum" title="Bata Shoe Museum">Bata Shoe Museum</a>'s online exhibits on the history and variety of footwear: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221005164952/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/">"All About Shoes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/">the original</a> on 2022-10-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+About+Shoes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutshoes.ca%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060813085112/http://www.footwearhistory.com/">"Footwear History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.footwearhistory.com/">the original</a> on 2006-08-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Footwear+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.footwearhistory.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.i18nguy.com/l10n/shoes.html">"International Shoe Size Conversion Charts"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Shoe+Size+Conversion+Charts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.i18nguy.com%2Fl10n%2Fshoes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span>, from i18nguy's website, offers more information.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121218002956/http://www.schuh-lexikon.de/en/shoe-care.html">"Shoe Care"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schuh-lexikon.de/en/shoe-care.html">the original</a> on 2012-12-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shoe+Care&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schuh-lexikon.de%2Fen%2Fshoe-care.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Illustrated <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319083936/https://www.candefashions.com/about/glossary-of-shoe-terms/">"Glossary of Shoe Terms"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.candefashions.com/about/glossary-of-shoe-terms/">the original</a> on 2022-03-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Shoe+Terms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.candefashions.com%2Fabout%2Fglossary-of-shoe-terms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Map: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1M-CQxxbfVfh7GtlSsNhZa5MTteiI2Dbb&ll=38.964142178237196%2C2.784477716013839&z=2">"Medieval shoes in museums"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medieval+shoes+in+museums&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2Fd%2Fviewer%3Fmid%3D1M-CQxxbfVfh7GtlSsNhZa5MTteiI2Dbb%26ll%3D38.964142178237196%252C2.784477716013839%26z%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoe" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Footwear" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Footwear" title="Template:Footwear"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Footwear" title="Template talk:Footwear"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Footwear" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Footwear"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Footwear" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">Footwear</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandoned_footwear" title="Abandoned footwear">Abandoned footwear</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">Shoemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">Shoe size</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">Dress shoes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blucher_shoe" title="Blucher shoe">Blucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brogue_shoe" title="Brogue shoe">Brogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothel_creeper" title="Brothel creeper">Brothel creepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_shoe" title="Derby shoe">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk_shoe" title="Monk shoe">Monks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_shoe" title="Oxford shoe">Oxfords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectator_shoe" title="Spectator shoe">Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winklepicker" title="Winklepicker">Winklepickers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wholecut" title="Wholecut">Wholecuts</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slip-on_shoe" title="Slip-on shoe">Slip-on shoes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">Court shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper#Types" title="Slipper">Prince Albert slippers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer" title="Slip-on shoe">Loafers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe" title="Venetian-style shoe">Venetian-style shoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Women's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_flat" title="Ballet flat">Ballet flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-heeled_shoe" title="High-heeled shoe">High-heeled footwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)" title="Mary Jane (shoe)">Mary Janes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojari">Mojari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule_(shoe)" title="Mule (shoe)">Mules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe" title="Peep-toe shoe">Peep-toe shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_shoe" title="Saddle shoe">Saddle shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slingback" title="Slingback">Slingbacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other shoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moccasin#Driving_moccasins" title="Moccasin">Driving moccasins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">Flip-flops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galoshes" title="Galoshes">Galoshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_shoe" title="Platform shoe">Platform shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">Sandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-tying_shoes" title="Self-tying shoes">Self-tying shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_(footwear)" title="Slide (footwear)">Slides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">Slippers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uwabaki" title="Uwabaki">Uwabaki</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes" title="Tiger-head shoes">Tiger-head shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veldskoen" title="Veldskoen">Veldskoens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zōri">Zōri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clog" title="Clog">Wooden footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakya" title="Bakya">Bakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clog_(British)" title="Clog (British)">British clogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_albarcas" title="Cantabrian albarcas">Cantabrian albarcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clog" title="Clog">Clogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(footwear)" title="Geta (footwear)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klomp" title="Klomp">Klompen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaksin" title="Namaksin">Namaksin</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Okobo" title="Okobo">Okobo</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paduka" title="Paduka">Padukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patten_(shoe)" title="Patten (shoe)">Pattens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)" title="Sabot (shoe)">Sabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A4skor" title="Träskor">Träskor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition_boot" title="Ammunition boot">Ammunition boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunny_boots" title="Bunny boots">Bunny boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_boot" title="Combat boot">Combat boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackboot" title="Jackboot">Jackboots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jump_boot" title="Jump boot">Jump boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_boot" title="Jungle boot">Jungle boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanker_boot" title="Tanker boot">Tanker boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_boot" title="Trench boot">Trench boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lyman_Munson#Munson_last" title="Edward Lyman Munson">Munson Last</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_work_boot" title="Australian work boot">Australian work boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_boot" title="Cowboy boot">Cowboy boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer_boot" title="Engineer boot">Engineer boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_boot" title="Hip boot">Hip boots</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jika-tabi" title="Jika-tabi">Jika-tabi</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigger_boot" title="Rigger boot">Rigger boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel-toe_boot" title="Steel-toe boot">Steel-toe boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waders_(footwear)" title="Waders (footwear)">Waders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_boot" title="Fashion boot">Fashion boots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_boot" title="Chelsea boot">Chelsea boots</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beatle_boot" title="Beatle boot">Beatle boots</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukka_boot" title="Chukka boot">Chukka boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-go_boot" title="Go-go boot">Go-go boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee-high_boot" title="Knee-high boot">Knee-high boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-knee_boot" title="Over-the-knee boot">Over-the-knee boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_shoe" title="Platform shoe">Platform boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thigh-high_boots" title="Thigh-high boots">Thigh-high boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugg_boots" title="Ugg boots">Ugg boots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur_boot" title="Jodhpur boot">Jodhpur boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_boot" title="Wellington boot">Wellington boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_boot" title="Ballet boot">Ballet boots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport-related footwear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Athletic shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_shoe" title="Ballet shoe">Ballet shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_shoe" title="Boat shoe">Boat shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoe" title="Climbing shoe">Climbing shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe" title="Cross country running shoe">Cross country running shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shoe" title="Cycling shoe">Cycling shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_boot" title="Football boot">Football boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghillies (dance)">Ghillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiking_boot" title="Hiking boot">Hiking boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skate" title="Ice skate">Ice skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skates" title="Inline skates">Inline skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_shoe" title="Kung fu shoe">Kung fu shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_shoe" title="Minimalist shoe">Minimalist shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_boot" title="Motorcycle boot">Motorcycle boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering_boot" title="Mountaineering boot">Mountaineering boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plimsoll_(shoe)" title="Plimsoll (shoe)">Plimsolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_flat" title="Racing flat">Racing flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_shoes" title="Racing shoes">Racing shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_boot" title="Riding boot">Riding boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_shoe" title="Roller shoe">Roller shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skates" title="Roller skates">Roller skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabaton" title="Sabaton">Sabatons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_boot" title="Safari boot">Safari boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skate_shoe" title="Skate shoe">Skate shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_boot" title="Ski boot">Ski boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Sneakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimfin" title="Swimfin">Swimfins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_shoe" title="Water shoe">Water shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_shoe" title="Wrestling shoe">Wrestling shoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaca_slippers" title="Abaca slippers">Abacas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abarka" title="Abarka">Abarkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espadrille" title="Espadrille">Alpargatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avarca" title="Avarca">Avarcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balgha" title="Balgha">Balghas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bast_shoe" title="Bast shoe">Bast shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciocie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciocie">Ciocie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clog" title="Clog">Clogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espadrille" title="Espadrille">Espadrilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furlane_(shoe)" title="Furlane (shoe)">Furlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galesh" title="Galesh">Galesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(footwear)" title="Geta (footwear)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giveh" title="Giveh">Giveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haferlschuh" title="Haferlschuh">Haferlschuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnyat-phanat" title="Hnyat-phanat">Hnyat-phanats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)" title="Huarache (shoe)">Huarache</a></li> <li><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hwa" title="Hwa">Hwa</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jipsin" title="Jipsin">Jipsin</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorabs" title="Jorabs">Jorabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamik">Kamiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal" title="Kolhapuri chappal">Kolhapuri chappals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moccasin" title="Moccasin">Moccasins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojari">Mojaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukluk" title="Mukluk">Mukluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_clogs" title="Turkish clogs">Nalins</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Okobo" title="Okobo">Okobo</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opanak" title="Opanak">Opanci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshawari_chappal" title="Peshawari chappal">Peshawari chappals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">Snowshoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarouchi" title="Tsarouchi">Tsarouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_clogs" title="Turkish clogs">Takunya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanah" title="Upanah">Upanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenki" title="Valenki">Valenkis</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Waraji" title="Waraji">Waraji</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zōri">Zōri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical footwear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_shoe" title="Areni-1 shoe">Areni-1 shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buskin" title="Buskin">Buskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcei" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcei">Calcei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligae" title="Caligae">Caligae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbatina" title="Carbatina">Carbatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_boot" title="Cavalier boot">Cavalier boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanfu_footwear" title="Hanfu footwear">Chinese styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopine" title="Chopine">Chopines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duckbill_shoe" title="Duckbill shoe">Duckbill shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowerpot_shoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowerpot shoe">Flowerpot shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessian_(boot)" title="Hessian (boot)">Hessians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_shoe" title="Lotus shoe">Lotus shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampootie" title="Pampootie">Pampooties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigache" title="Pigache">Pigaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poulaine" title="Poulaine">Poulaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socci" class="mw-redirect" title="Socci">Socci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnshoe" title="Turnshoe">Turnshoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shoe construction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bespoke_shoes" title="Bespoke shoes">Bespoke shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_construction" title="Blake construction">Blake construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodyear_welt" title="Goodyear welt">Goodyear welt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_buckle" title="Shoe buckle">Shoe buckle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoelaces" title="Shoelaces">Shoelaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_box" title="Toe box">Toe box</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-heeled_shoe" title="High-heeled shoe">High heels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clear_heels" title="Clear heels">Clear heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitten_heel" title="Kitten heel">Kitten heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spool_heel" title="Spool heel">Spool heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiletto_heel" title="Stiletto heel">Stiletto heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge_(footwear)" title="Wedge (footwear)">Wedges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hosiery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklet_(sock)" title="Anklet (sock)">Anklets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_sock" title="Bobby sock">Bobby socks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_sock" title="Dress sock">Dress socks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footwrap" title="Footwrap">Footwraps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_highs" title="Knee highs">Knee highs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantyhose" title="Pantyhose">Pantyhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">Sock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking" title="Stocking">Stocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_sock" class="mw-redirect" title="Toe sock">Toe socks</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tabi" title="Tabi">Tabi</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles" title="List of shoe styles">List of shoe styles</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Athletic_shoe_brands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Running_shoe_brands" title="Template:Running shoe brands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Running_shoe_brands" title="Template talk:Running shoe brands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Running_shoe_brands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Running shoe brands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Athletic_shoe_brands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sneakers" title="Sneakers">Athletic shoe</a> brands</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding:0.2em 1.0em;">Companies <br />and brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;padding:0.2em 0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Footwear-only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpina_%C5%BDiri" title="Alpina Žiri">Alpina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feiyue" title="Feiyue">Feiyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gola_(manufacturer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gola (manufacturer)">Gola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karhu_(sports_brand)" title="Karhu (sports brand)">Karhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keds" title="Keds">Keds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Keds" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Keds">Pro-Keds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softstar_Shoes" title="Softstar Shoes">Softstar Shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spira_(footwear_company)" title="Spira (footwear company)">Spira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibram" title="Vibram">Vibram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xero_Shoes" title="Xero Shoes">Xero Shoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Footwear <br />and apparel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFA_Sports" title="AFA Sports">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airwalk" title="Airwalk">Airwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allbirds" title="Allbirds">Allbirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altra_Running" title="Altra Running">Altra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AND1" title="AND1">AND1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anta_Sports" title="Anta Sports">Anta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asics" title="Asics">Asics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_(sports_manufacturer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athleta (sports manufacturer)">Athleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atletica" title="Atletica">Atletica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avia_(shoes)" title="Avia (shoes)">Avia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_Corporation" title="Bata Corporation">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Knights" title="British Knights">British Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Sports" title="Brooks Sports">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capelli_Sport" title="Capelli Sport">Capelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cariuma" title="Cariuma">Cariuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Sports" title="Carlton Sports">Carlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champion_(sportswear)" title="Champion (sportswear)">Champion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charly_(brand)" title="Charly (brand)">Charly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Sportswear" title="Columbia Sportswear">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Converse_(brand)" title="Converse (brand)">Converse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC_Shoes" title="DC Shoes">DC Shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadora" title="Diadora">Diadora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlop_Sport" title="Dunlop Sport">Dunlop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVS_Shoes" title="DVS Shoes">DVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellesse" title="Ellesse">Ellesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERKE" class="mw-redirect" title="ERKE">Erke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etnies" title="Etnies">Etnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everlast_(brand)" title="Everlast (brand)">Everlast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fila" title="Fila">Fila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finta" title="Finta">Finta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frasers_Group" title="Frasers Group">Frasers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Rugby" title="Gilbert Rugby">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givova" title="Givova">Givova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_International" title="Globe International">Globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grays_International" title="Grays International">Grays International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray-Nicolls" title="Gray-Nicolls">Gray-Nicolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_(company)" title="Head (company)">Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoka_One_One" title="Hoka One One">Hoka One One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummel_International" title="Hummel International">Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invicta_(company)" title="Invicta (company)">Invicta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Jordan" title="Air Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KangaRoos" title="KangaRoos">KangaRoos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_(brand)" title="Kappa (brand)">Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karrimor" title="Karrimor">Karrimor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Swiss" title="K-Swiss">K-Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LA_Gear" title="LA Gear">LA Gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li-Ning" title="Li-Ning">Li-Ning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonsdale_(clothing)" title="Lonsdale (clothing)">Lonsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotto_Sport_Italia" title="Lotto Sport Italia">Lotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macron_(sportswear)" title="Macron (sportswear)">Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrell_(company)" title="Merrell (company)">Merrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuno_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mizuno Corporation">Mizuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddyfox" title="Muddyfox">Muddyfox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Balance" title="New Balance">New Balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_North_Face" title="The North Face">North Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_(company)" title="On (company)">On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympikus" title="Olympikus">Olympikus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panam_(brand)" title="Panam (brand)">Panam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_Sport_Products" title="Peak Sport Products">Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_(sports_manufacturer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Penalty (sports manufacturer)">Penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirma" title="Pirma">Pirma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentland_Group" title="Pentland Group">Pentland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF_Flyers" title="PF Flyers">PF Flyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Pony International">Pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puma_(brand)" title="Puma (brand)">Puma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Specs" title="Pro-Specs">Pro-Specs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onitsuka_Tiger" title="Onitsuka Tiger">Onitsuka Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiksilver" title="Quiksilver">Quiksilver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainha" title="Rainha">Rainha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reebok" title="Reebok">Reebok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Athletic" title="Russell Athletic">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_Group" title="Salomon Group">Salomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saucony" title="Saucony">Saucony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skechers" title="Skechers">Skechers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Sports" title="Scott Sports">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slazenger" title="Slazenger">Slazenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_Technology" title="Sole Technology">Sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spalding_(company)" title="Spalding (company)">Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperry_Top-Sider" title="Sperry Top-Sider">Sperry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starter_(clothing_line)" title="Starter (clothing line)">Starter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supra_(footwear_brand)" title="Supra (footwear brand)">Supra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topper_(sports)" class="mw-redirect" title="Topper (sports)">Topper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbro" title="Umbro">Umbro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_Armour" title="Under Armour">Under Armour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vans" title="Vans">Vans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veja_(brand)" title="Veja (brand)">Veja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VF_Corporation" title="VF Corporation">VF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Sporting_Goods" title="Wilson Sporting Goods">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_World_Wide" title="Wolverine World Wide">Wolverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Balance" title="World Balance">World Balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBlades" title="XBlades">XBlades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xtep" title="Xtep">Xtep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonex" title="Yonex">Yonex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_York_(company)" title="Zoo York (company)">Zoo York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/361_Degrees" title="361 Degrees">361 Degrees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding:0.2em 1.0em;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;padding:0.2em 0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_athletic_footwear" title="Biodegradable athletic footwear">Biodegradable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe" title="Cross country running shoe">Cross country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_shoe" title="Minimalist shoe">Minimalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skate_shoe" title="Skate shoe">Skate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Sneaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Clothing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clothing" title="Template:Clothing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clothing" title="Template talk:Clothing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clothing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">Clothing</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_technology" title="Clothing technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_terminology" title="Clothing terminology">Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">Headwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">Beret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">Cap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_cap" title="Flat cap">flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knit_cap" title="Knit cap">knit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">Hat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boater" title="Boater">boater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedora" title="Fedora">fedora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homburg_hat" title="Homburg hat">homburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(headgear)" title="Hood (headgear)">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerchief" title="Kerchief">Kerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mask" title="Mask">Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">Veil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neckwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Neckwear">Neckwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)" title="Bands (neckwear)">Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choker" title="Choker">Choker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">Collar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_collar" title="Clerical collar">Clerical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pussy_bow" title="Pussy bow">Lavallière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckerchief" title="Neckerchief">Neckerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_gaiter" title="Neck gaiter">Neck gaiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necktie" title="Necktie">Necktie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascot_tie" title="Ascot tie">ascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper_tie" title="Kipper tie">kipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_tie" title="School tie">school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_tie" title="Stock tie">stock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf" title="Scarf">Scarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippet" title="Tippet">Tippet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Top_(clothing)" title="Top (clothing)">Tops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blouse" title="Blouse">Blouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur" title="Cache-cœur">cache-cœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_top" title="Crop top">crop top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halterneck" title="Halterneck">halterneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_top" title="Tube top">tube top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_jersey" title="Cycling jersey">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">Kurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt" title="Shirt">Shirt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shirt" title="Dress shirt">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_shirt" title="Henley shirt">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_shirt" title="Polo shirt">polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt" title="Sleeveless shirt">sleeveless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_neck" title="Crew neck">crew neck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater" title="Sweater">Sweater</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)" title="Cardigan (sweater)">cardigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)" title="Guernsey (clothing)">guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodie" title="Hoodie">hoodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey (clothing)">jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_neck" title="Polo neck">polo neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)" title="Shrug (clothing)">shrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater_vest" title="Sweater vest">sweater vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twinset" title="Twinset">twinset</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waistcoat" title="Waistcoat">Waistcoat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">Trousers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell-bottoms" title="Bell-bottoms">Bell-bottoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondage_pants" title="Bondage pants">Bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capri_pants" title="Capri pants">Capri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_pants" title="Cargo pants">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaps" title="Chaps">Chaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_trousers" title="Formal trousers">Formal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants" title="Go-to-hell pants">Go-to-hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)" title="High-rise (fashion)">High water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)" title="Low-rise (fashion)">Lowrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">Jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpurs" title="Jodhpurs">Jodhpurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overalls" title="Overalls">Overalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_pants" title="Palazzo pants">Palazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_pants" title="Parachute pants">Parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_pushers" title="Pedal pushers">Pedal pushers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phat_pants" title="Phat pants">Phat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorts" title="Shorts">Shorts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_shorts" title="Bermuda shorts">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shorts" title="Cycling shorts">cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_shorts" title="Dolphin shorts">dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gym_shorts" title="Gym shorts">gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotpants" title="Hotpants">hotpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_shorts" title="Running shorts">running</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slim-fit_pants" title="Slim-fit pants">Slim-fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatpants" title="Sweatpants">Sweatpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windpants" class="mw-redirect" title="Windpants">Windpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skirt" title="Skirt">Skirts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-line_(clothing)" title="A-line (clothing)">A-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballerina_skirt" title="Ballerina skirt">Ballerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denim_skirt" title="Denim skirt">Denim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_skirts" title="Men's skirts">Men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniskirt" title="Miniskirt">Miniskirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_skirt" title="Pencil skirt">Pencil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_skirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie skirt">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt" title="Rah-rah skirt">Rah-rah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">Sarong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skort" title="Skort">Skort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)" title="Tutu (clothing)">Tutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)" title="Wrap (clothing)">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suits</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">uniforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dress" title="Ceremonial dress">Ceremonial dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_dress" title="Court dress">court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform" title="Diplomatic uniform">diplomatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpuri" title="Jodhpuri">Jodhpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumpsuit" title="Jumpsuit">Jumpsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">full</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_dress_uniform" title="Service dress uniform">service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_suit" title="Sailor suit">sailor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_uniform" title="Combat uniform">combat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsuit" title="Pantsuit">Pantsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_uniform" title="Political uniform">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_clothing" title="Clerical clothing">clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">vestment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_uniform" title="School uniform">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_uniform" title="Prison uniform">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workwear" title="Workwear">Workwear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilersuit" title="Boilersuit">boilersuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanroom_suit" title="Cleanroom suit">cleanroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_suit" title="Hazmat suit">hazmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)" title="Scrubs (clothing)">scrubs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dresses</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Gown" title="Gown">gowns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formal, semi-<br />formal, informal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backless_dress" title="Backless dress">Backless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffant_gown" title="Bouffant gown">Bouffant gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatdress" title="Coatdress">Coatdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_black_dress" title="Little black dress">little black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debutante_dress" title="Debutante dress">debutante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_dress" title="Prairie dress">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_line" title="Princess line">Princess line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapless_dress" title="Strapless dress">Strapless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_dress" title="Wrap dress">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Casual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_dress" title="House dress">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumper_(dress)" title="Jumper (dress)">Jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romper_suit" title="Romper suit">Romper suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheath_dress" title="Sheath dress">Sheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirtdress" title="Shirtdress">Shirtdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_dress" title="Slip dress">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundress" title="Sundress">Sundress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coat" title="Coat">Coats</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_outerwear" title="List of outerwear">outerwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Overcoats" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overcoat" title="Overcoat">Overcoats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_coat" title="Car coat">Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_coat" title="Chesterfield coat">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_coat" title="Covert coat">Covert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffel_coat" title="Duffel coat">Duffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duster_(clothing)" title="Duster (clothing)">Duster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatcoat" title="Greatcoat">Greatcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Warm" title="British Warm">British Warm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Coat" title="Guards Coat">Guards Coat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greca_(clothing)" title="Greca (clothing)">Greca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-frock_coat" title="Over-frock coat">Over-frock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_coat" title="Riding coat">Riding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadbelly" title="Shadbelly">shadbelly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_coat" title="Trench coat">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_coat" title="Ulster coat">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">Cloak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera_cloak" title="Opera cloak">opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paletot" title="Paletot">Paletot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea_coat" title="Pea coat">Pea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_coat" title="Polo coat">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raincoat" title="Raincoat">Raincoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackintosh" title="Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suit coats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frock_coat" title="Frock coat">Frock coat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bekishe" title="Bekishe">bekishe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekel" title="Rekel">rekel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_jacket" title="Mess jacket">Mess jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_jacket" title="Suit jacket">Suit jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blazer" title="Blazer">Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_jacket" title="Smoking jacket">smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_coat" title="Sport coat">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teba_jacket" title="Teba jacket">Teba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">Tailcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat" title="White tie">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat" title="Morning dress">morning</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apron" title="Apron">Apron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinafore" title="Pinafore">pinafore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blouson" title="Blouson">Blouson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagoule" title="Cagoule">Cagoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape" title="Cape">Cape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferraiolo" title="Ferraiolo">ferraiolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_cape" title="Inverness cape">Inverness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)" title="Mantle (monastic vesture)">monastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)" title="Mantle (royal garment)">royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozzetta" title="Mozzetta">mozzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellegrina" title="Pellegrina">pellegrina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatee" title="Coatee">Coatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut-off" title="Cut-off">Cut-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilet" title="Gilet">Gilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacket" title="Jacket">Jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Down_jacket" title="Down jacket">down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_jacket" title="Flight jacket">flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggle_jacket" title="Goggle jacket">goggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_jacket" title="Harrington jacket">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_jacket" title="Leather jacket">leather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket" title="Mackinaw jacket">mackinaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_jacket" title="Norfolk jacket">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_jacket" title="Safari jacket">safari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerkin_(garment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerkin (garment)">Jerkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_coat" title="White coat">Lab coat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parka" title="Parka">Parka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poncho" title="Poncho">Poncho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robe" title="Robe">Robe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathrobe" title="Bathrobe">bathrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressing_gown" title="Dressing gown">dressing gown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawl" title="Shawl">Shawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_suit" title="Ski suit">Ski suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeved_blanket" title="Sleeved blanket">Sleeved blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windbreaker" title="Windbreaker">Windbreaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwear" title="Underwear">Underwear</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Lingerie" title="Lingerie">lingerie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bra" title="Bra">Bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camisole" title="Camisole">Camisole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undershirt" title="Undershirt">Undershirt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaper" title="Diaper">Diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_pants" title="Training pants">Training pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leggings" title="Leggings">Leggings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panties" title="Panties">Panties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pants" title="Plastic pants">Plastic pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_(clothing)" title="Slip (clothing)">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underpants" title="Underpants">Underpants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_briefs" title="Boxer briefs">boxer briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_shorts" title="Boxer shorts">boxer shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briefs" title="Briefs">briefs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodysuit" title="Bodysuit">Bodysuit, adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_bodysuit" title="Infant bodysuit">Bodysuit, infant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_underwear" title="Long underwear">Long underwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/See-through_clothing" title="See-through clothing">See-through</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_(garment)" title="Teddy (garment)">Teddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nightwear" title="Nightwear">Nightwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babydoll" title="Babydoll">Babydoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babygrow" title="Babygrow">Babygrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_sleeper" title="Blanket sleeper">Blanket sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negligee" title="Negligee">Negligee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightgown" title="Nightgown">Nightgown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightshirt" title="Nightshirt">Nightshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajamas" title="Pajamas">Pajamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swimsuit" title="Swimsuit">Swimwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini">Bikini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkini" title="Burkini">Burkini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boardshorts" title="Boardshorts">Boardshorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_suit" title="Dry suit">Dry suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini">Monokini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit" title="One-piece swimsuit">One-piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_guard" title="Rash guard">Rash guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_swimsuit" title="Sling swimsuit">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_leg_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Square leg suit">Square leg suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_briefs" title="Swim briefs">Swim briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_diaper" title="Swim diaper">Swim diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunks (clothing)">Trunks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetsuit" title="Wetsuit">Wetsuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hosiery" title="Hosiery">Legwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">Sock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold-ups" title="Hold-ups">Hold-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter" title="Garter">Garter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantyhose" title="Pantyhose">Pantyhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking" title="Stocking">Stocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">Footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boot" title="Boot">Boot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_boot" title="Dress boot">Dress boot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">Flip-flops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">Sandal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">Dress shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">Court shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Sneaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">Slipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Accessories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adornments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armband" title="Armband">Armband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_(clothing)" title="Belt (clothing)">Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re" title="Boutonnière">Boutonnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_purse" title="Coin purse">Coin purse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">Cufflink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummerbund" title="Cummerbund">Cummerbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiters" title="Gaiters">Gaiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">Glasses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunglasses" title="Sunglasses">Sunglasses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove" title="Glove">Gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headband" title="Headband">Headband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbag" title="Handbag">Handbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inro" title="Inro">Inro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery" title="Livery">Livery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)" title="Muff (handwarmer)">Muff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_protector" title="Pocket protector">Pocket protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">Pocket watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">Sash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spats_(footwear)" title="Spats (footwear)">Spats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspenders" title="Suspenders">Suspenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallet" title="Wallet">Wallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-worn items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hand_fan" title="Hand fan">Hand fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella" title="Umbrella">Umbrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">Walking stick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">morning dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">white tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">black lounge suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">black tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_casual" title="Business casual">Business casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_casual" title="Smart casual">Smart casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_fetish" title="Clothing fetish">Clothing fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_swap" title="Clothing swap">Clothing swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">Costume</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creature_suit" title="Creature suit">creature suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_costume" title="Halloween costume">Halloween costume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion" title="Environmental impact of fashion">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">haute couture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made-to-measure" title="Made-to-measure">made-to-measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready-to-wear" title="Ready-to-wear">ready-to-wear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Fur clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur" title="List of types of fur">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fursuit" title="Fursuit">Fursuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing" title="Global trade of secondhand clothing">Global trade of secondhand clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country" title="Clothing laws by country">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses" title="List of individual dresses">List of individual dresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing" title="Reconstructed clothing">Reconstructed clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_clothing" title="Right to clothing">Right to clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_clothing" title="Vintage clothing">Vintage clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F458.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/28px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/42px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/56px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Clothing" title="Portal:Clothing">Clothing portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_technology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template talk:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_technology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Prehistoric technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistory" title="Timeline of prehistory">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" title="Outline of prehistoric technology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-age_system#Stone_Age_subdivisions" title="Three-age system">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">New Stone Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology" title="Glossary of archaeology">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">Farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_(plough)" title="Ard (plough)">Ard / plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celt_(tool)" title="Celt (tool)">Celt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digging_stick" title="Digging stick">Digging stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting" title="Gravettian">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains" title="Gravettian">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism" title="Howiesons Poort">symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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