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Learn more about how these cognitive processes work." itemprop="description"> <meta name="emailcontenttype" content="STRUCTUREDCONTENT" /> <meta name="emailvertical" content="VERYWELLMIND" /> <meta name="sailthru.author" content="Kendra Cherry, MSEd" /> <meta name="sailthru.tags" content="psychology,theories-of-psychology,cognitive-psychology-overview" /> <meta name="parsely-section" content="Psychology" /> <meta name="parsely-tags" content="Verywell Mind,Psychology,Theories,Cognitive Psychology" />  <meta itemprop="name" content="What Does 'Cognitive' Mean in Psychology?" /> <meta property="article:section" content="Verywell" />  <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Verywell Mind" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-cognition-2794982" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Importance of Cognition in Determining Who We Are" /> <meta property="og:description" content="'Cognitive' refers to all the mental processes involved in learning, remembering, and using knowledge. 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utils: { collapseAd: Wellness.GPT.collapseAd, buildGptUrl: Wellness.GPT.buildGptUrl }, displayOnScroll: false, displayOnConsent: true, adsToCollapse: ['leaderboard*','square*'], refreshConfig: { 'defaultConfig': { refresh: false, timedRefresh: 0, refreshLimit: "unlimited", userClickRefreshSelector: "", timeoutRefreshOnceOnly: false, fiftyPercentAdRefresh: true, sizeOverrides: null }, 'square-fixed': { refresh: false, timedRefresh: 30000, refreshLimit: "unlimited", userClickRefreshSelector: "", timeoutRefreshOnceOnly: false, fiftyPercentAdRefresh: true, sizeOverrides: null }, 'square-flex-2': { refresh: false, timedRefresh: 30000, refreshLimit: "unlimited", userClickRefreshSelector: "", timeoutRefreshOnceOnly: false, fiftyPercentAdRefresh: true, sizeOverrides: null }, 'square-flex-1': { refresh: false, timedRefresh: 30000, refreshLimit: "unlimited", userClickRefreshSelector: "", timeoutRefreshOnceOnly: false, fiftyPercentAdRefresh: true, sizeOverrides: null } } }; if (Mntl.AdMetrics) { 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</h1> <p id="article-subheading_1-0" class="comp article-subheading">How People Think and What's Involved in Cognitive Processes</p> <div id="article-meta_1-0" class="comp article-meta mntl-block not-news" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="article-meta__wrapper_1-0" class="comp article-meta__wrapper mntl-block"><div id="wellness-bylines_1-0" class="comp wellness-bylines mntl-bylines"><div id="mntl-bylines__group_1-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__group mntl-block mntl-bylines__group--author "><div id="mntl-bylines__item_1-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__item mntl-attribution__item mntl-attribution__item--has-date"> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">By</span> <div data-tooltip="<p>Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."</p>" tabindex="0" data-inline-tooltip="true"> <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/kendra-cherry-2794702" rel="nocaes" data-trigger-link="true" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="-1" >Kendra Cherry, MSEd</a> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip mntl-tooltip mntl-group"> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__top "> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__image-wrapper"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:134.8%;"> <img data-srcset="https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/w7x__KIPSpoxWRRBurM9Kqk8MvQ=/40x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/IMG_9791-89504ab694d54b66bbd72cb84ffb860e.jpg 40w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/66vhMa_zlCFnP773y8eC1o3_HCY=/58x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/IMG_9791-89504ab694d54b66bbd72cb84ffb860e.jpg 58w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/5KCnnppbCs8VTdyXMfsDbo04AYU=/76x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/IMG_9791-89504ab694d54b66bbd72cb84ffb860e.jpg 76w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/UVkbjl0TZ6eJA9G--TvedkYdSfE=/94x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/IMG_9791-89504ab694d54b66bbd72cb84ffb860e.jpg 94w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/eL5wL-UPVwXxQ5uQCnpwFteUlQ8=/112x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/IMG_9791-89504ab694d54b66bbd72cb84ffb860e.jpg 112w" data-sizes="80px" data-src="https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/6si2AfQ0ueWEXTMhF4mbaynu6II=/200x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/IMG_9791-89504ab694d54b66bbd72cb84ffb860e.jpg" alt="Kendra Cherry" class="lazyload mntl-author-tooltip__image" width="200" height="200" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/6si2AfQ0ueWEXTMhF4mbaynu6II=/200x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/IMG_9791-89504ab694d54b66bbd72cb84ffb860e.jpg" srcset="https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/w7x__KIPSpoxWRRBurM9Kqk8MvQ=/40x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/IMG_9791-89504ab694d54b66bbd72cb84ffb860e.jpg 40w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/66vhMa_zlCFnP773y8eC1o3_HCY=/58x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/IMG_9791-89504ab694d54b66bbd72cb84ffb860e.jpg 58w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/5KCnnppbCs8VTdyXMfsDbo04AYU=/76x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/IMG_9791-89504ab694d54b66bbd72cb84ffb860e.jpg 76w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/UVkbjl0TZ6eJA9G--TvedkYdSfE=/94x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/IMG_9791-89504ab694d54b66bbd72cb84ffb860e.jpg 94w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/eL5wL-UPVwXxQ5uQCnpwFteUlQ8=/112x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/IMG_9791-89504ab694d54b66bbd72cb84ffb860e.jpg 112w" alt="Kendra Cherry" width="200" height="200" class="img--noscript mntl-author-tooltip__image" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip__name_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__name mntl-attribution__item "> <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/kendra-cherry-2794702" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="0" >Kendra Cherry, MSEd</a> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bio"> <p>Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."</p> </div> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bottom"> <span class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-text">Learn about our </span> <a href="/our-editorial-process-4778006" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link" >editorial process</a> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="mntl-attribution__item-date">Updated on April 21, 2024</div></div> <div id="mntl-bylines__group_2-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__group mntl-block mntl-bylines__group--wellness_reviewer "><div id="mntl-bylines__item_2-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__item mntl-attribution__item "><svg class="icon reviewer-icon mntl-attribution__item-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#reviewer-icon" href="#reviewer-icon"></use> </svg> <span id="review-descriptor-override_2-0" class="comp review-descriptor-override "><span data-tooltip="Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by mental health professionals. Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. <a class="review-descriptor-tooltip__learn-more" href="/review-board-4796494">Learn more</a>." tabindex="0" data-inline-tooltip="true"> <span class="review-descriptor-override__descriptor mntl-attribution__item-name">Reviewed</span> <div id="review-type-tooltip_2-0" class="comp review-type-tooltip review-descriptor-tooltip mntl-tooltip mntl-group"><div id="tooltip_2-0" class="comp tooltip mntl-text-block">Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by mental health professionals. Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. <a class="review-descriptor-tooltip__learn-more" href="/review-board-4796494">Learn more</a>.</div></div></span> by </span> <div data-tooltip="<p>Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania.</p>" tabindex="0" data-inline-tooltip="true"> <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/daniel-block-md-4779186" rel="nocaes" data-trigger-link="true" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="-1" >Daniel B. Block, MD</a> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip_2-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip mntl-tooltip mntl-group"> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__top "> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__image-wrapper"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:100.0%;"> <img data-srcset="https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/mlpN7tQegRK-7sAAVjaXj01-MQo=/40x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/block-8924ca72ff94426d940e8f7e639e3942.jpg 40w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/_u_DSwUj2NKk15vwC_8sNYDVaQg=/58x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/block-8924ca72ff94426d940e8f7e639e3942.jpg 58w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/gKJ6x-qyY-Cc-SiG3mkj_8xfHuc=/76x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/block-8924ca72ff94426d940e8f7e639e3942.jpg 76w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/LC4UX1Z_tc05mcNPUbcS_1cd2qA=/94x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/block-8924ca72ff94426d940e8f7e639e3942.jpg 94w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/7EIMD_00XKRPDZtdQ1RpkrlZCDo=/112x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/block-8924ca72ff94426d940e8f7e639e3942.jpg 112w" data-sizes="80px" data-src="https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/bqppKq4IVUTVsPMClzJADd5fs14=/200x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/block-8924ca72ff94426d940e8f7e639e3942.jpg" alt="Block" class="lazyload mntl-author-tooltip__image" width="200" height="200" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/bqppKq4IVUTVsPMClzJADd5fs14=/200x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/block-8924ca72ff94426d940e8f7e639e3942.jpg" srcset="https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/mlpN7tQegRK-7sAAVjaXj01-MQo=/40x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/block-8924ca72ff94426d940e8f7e639e3942.jpg 40w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/_u_DSwUj2NKk15vwC_8sNYDVaQg=/58x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/block-8924ca72ff94426d940e8f7e639e3942.jpg 58w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/gKJ6x-qyY-Cc-SiG3mkj_8xfHuc=/76x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/block-8924ca72ff94426d940e8f7e639e3942.jpg 76w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/LC4UX1Z_tc05mcNPUbcS_1cd2qA=/94x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/block-8924ca72ff94426d940e8f7e639e3942.jpg 94w, https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/7EIMD_00XKRPDZtdQ1RpkrlZCDo=/112x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/block-8924ca72ff94426d940e8f7e639e3942.jpg 112w" alt="Block" width="200" height="200" class="img--noscript mntl-author-tooltip__image" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip__name_2-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__name mntl-attribution__item "><svg class="icon reviewer-icon mntl-attribution__item-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#reviewer-icon" href="#reviewer-icon"></use> </svg> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">Reviewed by</span> <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/daniel-block-md-4779186" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="0" >Daniel B. Block, MD</a> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bio"> <p>Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania.</p> </div> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bottom"> <span class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-text">Learn about our </span> <a href="/review-board-4796494" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link" >Review Board</a> </div> </div></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="social-share-container_1-0" class="comp social-share-container mntl-block"><form id="print-button_1-0" class="comp print-button" method="POST" action="/what-is-cognition-2794982?print" data-tracking-container="true" target="_blank"> <button class="btn"> Print <svg class="icon icon-print text-btn-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-print" href="#icon-print"></use> </svg> </button> <input type="hidden" value="true" name="print" /> <input type="hidden" value="53d48817e3a223cc7ca31c80c51fd4b6" name="CSRFToken" /> </form></div></div></div> </div><div 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figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Verywell / Laura Porter</p></span> </figcaption></figure></div></figure> </div><div class="loc article-left-rail"><div id="sticky-toc-wrapper_1-0" class="comp sticky-toc-wrapper mntl-block js-sticky-container"><div id="sticky-toc_1-0" class="comp sticky-toc mntl-sticky-toc mntl-block sticky-toc-widget" data-desktop-bp="70em"><div id="toc-wrapper_1-0" class="comp toc-wrapper mntl-toc mntl-block" data-chop-mobile="true" data-desktop-bp="70em" data-offset="60" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="mntl-toc__inner_1-0" class="comp mntl-toc__inner mntl-block"><div id="mntl-toc__heading_1-0" class="comp mntl-toc__heading mntl-block js-toc-toggle" data-click-tracked="true" data-desktop-bp="70em"><span id="mntl-toc__heading-text_1-0" class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block">Table of Contents</span> <div id="mntl-toc-toggle_1-0" class="comp mntl-toc-toggle mntl-block"><div id="mntl-toc-toggle__btn_1-0" class="comp mntl-toc-toggle__btn mntl-text-block js-mntl-toc-toggle" data-click-tracked="true" data-desktop-bp="70em" data-collapsed-text="View All" data-expanded-text="View All">View All</div> <svg class="icon icon-circle-arrow icon-circle-arrow" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-circle-arrow" href="#icon-circle-arrow"></use> </svg></div> <svg class="icon icon-arrow " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow" href="#icon-arrow"></use> </svg></div> <div id="mntl-toc__mobile-toggle_1-0" class="comp mntl-toc__mobile-toggle mntl-block js-sticky-toggle"><span id="mntl-toc__heading-text_2-0" class="comp mntl-toc__heading-text mntl-text-block">Table of Contents</span> <svg class="icon icon-arrow " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow" href="#icon-arrow"></use> </svg></div> <ul id="mntl-toc__list_1-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list mntl-toc__list-heading expert-content"><li id="mntl-toc__list-item_1-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block"><div id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_1-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block"><a href="#toc-types-of-cognitive-processes" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_1-0" class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Types</span></a></div></li> <li id="mntl-toc__list-item_2-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block"><div id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_2-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block"><a href="#toc-history-of-the-study-of-cognition" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_2-0" class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">History</span></a></div></li> <li id="mntl-toc__list-item_3-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block"><div id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_3-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block"><a href="#toc-what-can-affect-cognitive-processes" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_3-0" class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Influences</span></a></div></li> <li id="mntl-toc__list-item_4-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block"><div id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_4-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block"><a href="#toc-uses-for-cognitive-processes" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_4-0" class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Uses</span></a></div></li> <li id="mntl-toc__list-item_5-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block"><div id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_5-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block"><a href="#toc-impact-of-cognition" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_5-0" class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Impact</span></a></div></li> <li id="mntl-toc__list-item_6-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block"><div id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_6-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block"><a href="#toc-tips-for-improving-cognitive-skills" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_6-0" class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Improving Cognitive Skills</span></a></div></li> <li id="mntl-toc__list-item_7-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item mntl-block"><div id="mntl-toc__list-item-heading_7-0" class="comp mntl-toc__list-item-heading mntl-block"><a href="#toc-frequently-asked-questions-7dd63e62-f086-417c-a4e3-eb4941995bb1" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-toc__list-item-link_7-0" class="mntl-toc__list-item-link mntl-text-link mntl-toc__list-item-link js-mntl-toc-link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Frequently Asked Questions</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div> </div><div class="loc article-content"><div id="article__broad-video-jw_1-0" class="comp article__broad-video-jw mntl-jwplayer-broad mntl-block is-hidden" data-pixel-depth="100"><div id="mntl-jwplayer-broad__video_1-0" class="comp mntl-jwplayer-broad__video mntl-jwplayer mm-video lazyload" data-bgset data-sizes="auto"></div> <div id="mntl-jwplayer-broad__title_1-0" class="comp mntl-jwplayer-broad__title mntl-block"><div id="mntl-jwplayer-broad__title--text_1-0" class="comp mntl-jwplayer-broad__title--text mntl-text-block type--mouse"></div> <button id="mntl-jwplayer-broad__title-icon--close_1-0" class="comp mntl-jwplayer-broad__title-icon--close mntl-block type--shrew-bold" data-click-tracked="false"><span id="mntl-text-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-text-block">Close</span> <svg class="icon close-icon " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#close-icon" href="#close-icon"></use> </svg></button></div></div> <div id="wellness-sc-page_1-0" class="comp wellness-sc-page mntl-sc-page mntl-block structured-content article-content expert-content right-rail__offset lock-journey" data-sc-sticky-offset="60" data-sc-ad-label-height="24" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="100" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-load-immediate="4" data-sc-content-positions="[400, 1400, 1400, 1700, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800]" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true"><p id="mntl-sc-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> 'Cognitive' is a term used in psychology to describe anything related to thinking, learning, and understanding. So when you hear people talk about cognitive skills or processes, they are referring to different aspects of how the brain works—things like remembering information, learning new things, paying attention, and processing all of the information you encounter each day. <br/> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Cognitive abilities are something you use each and every day. For example, when you are learning a new instrument, you are using your cognitive skills to learn the basics of music theory, pick up melodies, learn the notes, and put that information together to produce music.<br/> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_4-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="wellness-sc-block-callout--definition_1-0" class="comp wellness-sc-block-callout--definition wellness-sc-block-callout-base mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-definition theme-definition" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block expert-content"><p>'Cognitive' refers to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension. Some of the many different cognitive processes include thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/problem-solving-2795008" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">problem-solving</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span><br></p></div> <div id="mntl-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-block"><svg class="icon icon-bookmark " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-bookmark" href="#icon-bookmark"></use> </svg></div></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_6-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> These are higher-level brain functions that encompass language, imagination, perception, and planning. Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology that investigates how people think and the processes involved in cognition. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_7-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="wellness-sc-block-callout--key-takeaway_1-0" class="comp wellness-sc-block-callout--key-takeaway wellness-sc-block-callout-base mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-key-takeaway theme-key-takeaway" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" data-tracking-container="true"><h3 id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block">At a Glance</h3> <div id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block expert-content"><p>Cognitive psychology seeks to understand all of the mental processes involved in human thought and behavior. It focuses on cognitive processes such as decision-making, problem-solving, attention, memory, learning, and more. Keep reading to learn more about different types of cognitive processes, factors that can affect cognition, and the different uses for these cognitive processes.</p></div></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-types-of-cognitive-processes"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_9-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block wellness-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Types of Cognitive Processes </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_10-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> There are many different types of cognitive processes. They include: </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_11-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_13-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Attention </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_14-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-attention-2795009" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Attention</a> is a cognitive process that allows people to focus on a specific environmental stimulus. Attention is an important cognitive ability because it allows us to focus on the information we need, while also filtering out irrelevant distractions. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_15-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_17-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Language </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_18-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Language and <a href="https://www.parents.com/toddlers-preschoolers/development/language/language-development-milestones-ages-1-to-4/" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow">language development</a> are cognitive processes that involve the ability to understand and express thoughts through spoken and written words. This allows us to communicate with others, including conveying our own thoughts and learning about others. It also plays an important role in thought. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_19-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_21-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Learning </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_22-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-learning-2795332" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Learning</a> requires cognitive processes involved in taking in new things, synthesizing information, and integrating it with prior knowledge. Cognitive psychologists often study the mental processes that involved in processing, comprehending, and remembering information. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_23-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_25-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Memory </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_26-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-memory-2795006" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Memory</a> is an important cognitive process that allows people to encode, store, and retrieve information. It is a critical component in the learning process and allows people to retain knowledge about the world and their personal histories. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_27-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_29-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Perception </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_30-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/perception-and-the-perceptual-process-2795839" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Perception</a> is a cognitive process that allows people to take in information through their senses, then utilize this information to respond and interact with the world. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_31-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_33-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Thought </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_34-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Thought is an essential part of every cognitive process. It allows people to engage in <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/decision-making-strategies-2795483" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">decision-making</a>, problem-solving, and higher reasoning. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_35-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="wellness-sc-block-callout--explainer_1-0" class="comp wellness-sc-block-callout--explainer wellness-sc-block-callout-base mntl-sc-block-callout mntl-block theme-explainer theme-explainer" data-tracking-id="mntl-sc-block-callout" data-tracking-container="true"><h3 id="mntl-sc-block-callout-heading_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-heading mntl-text-block">Hot Cognition vs. Cold Cognition</h3> <div id="mntl-sc-block-callout-body_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-callout-body mntl-text-block expert-content"><p>Some split cognition into two categories: hot and cold. Hot cognition refers to mental processes in which emotion plays a role, such as <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-positive-reinforcement-2795412" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">reward-based learning</a>. Conversely, cold cognition refers to mental processes that don't involve feelings or emotions, such as <a href="https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-memory-explained-98552" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="2" rel="nofollow">working memory</a>.</p></div></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_37-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block wellness-sc-block-questionandanswer mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-is-an-example-of-cognition"></span> <h2 class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__question">What is an example of cognition?</h2> <div class="mntl-sc-block-questionandanswer__answer"><p>Cognition includes all of the conscious and unconscious processes involved in thinking, perceiving, and reasoning. Examples of cognition include paying attention to something in the environment, learning something new, making decisions, processing language, sensing and perceiving environmental stimuli, solving problems, and using memory. </p></div> </div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_38-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="wellness-sc-block-featuredlink--related_1-0" class="comp wellness-sc-block-featuredlink--related wellness-sc-block-featuredlink-base mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block related-link related-link theme-related"><a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/cognitive-psychology-4157181" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_1-0" class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" ><span class="link__wrapper">What Is Cognitive Psychology?</span></a></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_40-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-history-of-the-study-of-cognition"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_41-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block wellness-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> History of the Study of Cognition </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_42-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The study of how humans think dates back to the time of ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_43-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_45-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Philosophical Origins </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_46-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Plato's approach to the <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-biopsychology-2794883" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">study of the mind</a> suggested that people understand the world by first identifying basic principles buried deep inside themselves, then using rational thought to create knowledge. This viewpoint was later advocated by philosophers such as Rene Descartes and linguist Noam Chomsky. It is often referred to as rationalism.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="15"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_47-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_48-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Aristotle, on the other hand, believed that people acquire knowledge through their observations of the world around them. Later thinkers such as John Locke and <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/b-f-skinner-biography-1904-1990-2795543" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">B.F. Skinner</a> also advocated this point of view, which is often referred to as empiricism.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="3"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_49-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_51-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Early Psychology </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_52-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> During the earliest days of psychology—and for the first half of the 20th century—psychology was largely dominated by <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-psychoanalysis-2795246" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">psychoanalysis</a>, <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/behavioral-psychology-4157183" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">behaviorism</a>, and <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-humanistic-psychology-2795242" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="3">humanism</a>. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_53-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_54-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Eventually, a formal field of study devoted solely to the study of cognition emerged as part of the "cognitive revolution" of the 1960s. This field is known as cognitive psychology.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="4"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_55-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_57-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> The Emergence of Cognitive Psychology </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_58-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> One of the earliest definitions of cognition was presented in the first textbook on cognitive psychology, which was published in 1967. According to Ulric Neisser, a psychologist and the book's author, cognition is "those processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="5"></span><br/> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_59-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="wellness-sc-block-featuredlink--related_2-0" class="comp wellness-sc-block-featuredlink--related wellness-sc-block-featuredlink-base mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block related-link related-link theme-related"><a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/a-brief-history-of-psychology-through-the-years-2795245" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_2-0" class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" ><span class="link__wrapper">The Origins of Psychology</span></a></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_61-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-what-can-affect-cognitive-processes"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_62-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block wellness-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> What Can Affect Cognitive Processes? </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_63-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> It is important to remember that these cognitive processes are complex and often imperfect. Some of the factors that can affect or influence cognition include: </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_64-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_66-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Age </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_67-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Research indicates that as we age, our cognitive function tends to decline.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="22"></span> Age-related cognitive changes include processing things more slowly, finding it harder to recall past events, and a failure to remember information that was once known (such as how to solve a particular math equation or historical information). </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_68-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_70-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Attention Issues </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_71-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-selective-attention-2795022" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Selective attention</a> is a limited resource, so there are a number of things that can make it difficult to focus on everything in your environment. <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-attentional-blink-2795017" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">Attentional blink</a>, for example, happens when you are so focused on one thing that you completely miss something else happening right in front of you. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_72-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_74-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Cognitive Biases </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_75-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-cognitive-bias-2794963" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Cognitive biases</a> are systematic errors in thinking related to how people process and interpret information about the world. <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-confirmation-bias-2795024" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">Confirmation bias</a> is one common example that involves only paying attention to information that aligns with your existing beliefs while ignoring evidence that doesn't support your views.  </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_76-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_78-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Genetics </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_79-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Some studies have connected cognitive function with certain genes. For example, a 2020 study published in <em>Brain Communications</em> found that a person's level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is 30% determined by heritability, can impact the rate of brain neurodegeneration,<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="23"></span> a condition that ultimately impacts cognitive function. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_80-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_82-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Memory Limitations </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_83-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-short-term-memory-2795348" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Short-term memory</a> is surprisingly brief, typically lasting just 20 to 30 seconds,<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="13"></span> whereas <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-long-term-memory-2795347" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">long-term memory</a> can be stable and enduring, with memories lasting years and even decades. Memory can also be fragile and fallible. Sometimes we forget and other times we are subject to <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-misinformation-effect-2795353" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="3">misinformation effects</a> that may even lead to the <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/how-do-false-memories-form-2795349" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="4">formation of false memories</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="14"></span><br> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_84-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="wellness-sc-block-featuredlink--related_3-0" class="comp wellness-sc-block-featuredlink--related wellness-sc-block-featuredlink-base mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block related-link related-link theme-related"><a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-mandela-effect-4589394" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_3-0" class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" ><span class="link__wrapper">The Mandela Effect: How Masses of People Can Have the Same False Memory</span></a></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_86-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-uses-for-cognitive-processes"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_87-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block wellness-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Uses for Cognitive Processes </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_88-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Cognitive processes affect every aspect of life, from school to work to relationships. Some specific uses for these processes include the following. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_89-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_91-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Learning New Things </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_92-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Learning requires being able to take in new information, form new memories, and make connections with other things that you already know. Researchers and educators use their knowledge of these cognitive processes to create instructive materials to help people <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/how-to-become-a-more-effective-learner-2795162" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">learn new concepts</a>.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="20"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_93-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_95-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Forming Memories </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_96-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Memory is a major topic of interest in the field of cognitive psychology. How we remember, what we remember, and <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/forgetting-about-psychology-2795034" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">what we forget</a> reveal a great deal about how cognitive processes operate. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_97-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_98-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> While people often think of memory as being much like a video camera—carefully recording, cataloging, and storing life events away for later recall—research has found that memory is much more complex.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="16"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_99-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_101-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Making Decisions </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_102-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Whenever people make any type of a decision, it involves making judgments about things they have processed. This might involve comparing new information to prior knowledge, integrating new information into existing ideas, or even replacing old knowledge with new knowledge before making a choice. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_103-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="wellness-sc-block-featuredlink--related_4-0" class="comp wellness-sc-block-featuredlink--related wellness-sc-block-featuredlink-base mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block related-link related-link theme-related"><a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/why-you-make-bad-decisions-2795489" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_4-0" class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" ><span class="link__wrapper">Why We Make Bad Decisions</span></a></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_105-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-impact-of-cognition"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_106-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block wellness-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Impact of Cognition </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_107-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Our cognitive processes have a wide-ranging impact that influences everything from our daily life to our overall health. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_108-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_110-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Perceiving the World </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_111-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> As you take in sensations from the world around you, the information that you see, hear, taste, touch, and smell must first be transformed into signals that the brain can understand. The <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-perceptual-set-2795464" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">perceptual process</a> allows you to take in this sensory information and convert it into a signal that your brain can recognize and act upon.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="10"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_112-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_114-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Forming Impressions </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_115-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The world is full of an endless number of <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-sensory-memory-2795352" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">sensory experiences</a>. To make meaning out of all this incoming information, it is important for the brain to be able to capture the fundamentals. Events are reduced to only the critical concepts and ideas that we need.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="9"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_116-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_118-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Filling in the Gaps </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_119-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> In addition to reducing information to make it more memorable and understandable, people also elaborate on these memories as they reconstruct them. In some cases, this elaboration happens when people are <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/explanations-for-forgetting-2795045" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">struggling to remember something</a>. When the information cannot be recalled, the brain sometimes fills in the missing data with whatever seems to fit.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="17"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_120-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block_122-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-subheading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-subheading__text"> Interacting With the World </span> </h3> <p id="mntl-sc-block_123-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Cognition involves not only the things that go on inside our heads but also how these thoughts and mental processes influence our actions.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="12"></span> Our attention to the world around us, memories of past events, understanding of language, judgments about how the world works, and abilities to solve problems all contribute to how we behave and interact with our surrounding environment. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_124-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-tips-for-improving-cognitive-skills"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_125-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block wellness-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Tips for Improving Cognitive Skills </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_126-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Cognitive processes are influenced by a range of factors, including genetics and experiences. While you cannot change your genes or age, there are things that you can do to protect and maximize your cognitive abilities: </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_127-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <ul id="mntl-sc-block_128-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> <li><strong>Stay healthy</strong>. Lifestyle factors such as <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/meal-planning-for-eating-disorder-recovery-3956593" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">eating a nutritious diet</a> and getting <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/exercise-and-improving-your-mood-2223781" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="2">regular exercise</a> can have a positive effect on cognitive functioning.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="21"></span> </li> <li><strong>Think critically</strong>. Question your assumptions and ask questions about your thoughts, beliefs, and conclusions.</li> <li><strong>Stay curious and keep learning</strong>. A great way to flex your cognitive abilities is to keep challenging yourself to learn more about the world.</li> <li><strong>Skip <a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/multitasking-2795003" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="3">multitasking</a></strong>. While it might seem like doing several things at once would help you get done faster, research has shown it actually decreases both productivity<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="19"></span> and work quality.<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="18"></span></li> </ul> <div id="mntl-sc-block_129-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-takeaways"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_130-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block wellness-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading"> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Takeaways </span> </h2> <p id="mntl-sc-block_131-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> In psychology, the term 'cognitive' refers to all of the different mental events involved in thinking, learning, and comprehending. Cognitive processes such as learning, attention, perception, and memory are important parts of the human experience. Understanding how they function can provide insight into normal human thought and behavior and how different cognitive conditions might create problems and impairments. <br/> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_132-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="wellness-sc-block-featuredlink--readnext_1-0" class="comp wellness-sc-block-featuredlink--readnext wellness-sc-block-featuredlink-base mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block readnext-link readnext-link theme-readnext"><a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/best-herbs-and-spices-for-brain-health-4047818" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_5-0" class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" ><span class="link__wrapper">Best Herbs and Spices for Brain Health</span></a></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_134-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="wellness-sc-block-faq--expanded_1-0" class="comp wellness-sc-block-faq--expanded wellness-sc-block-faq-base mntl-sc-block-faq mntl-block theme-expanded theme-expanded"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-frequently-asked-questions-7dd63e62-f086-417c-a4e3-eb4941995bb1"></span> <h3 id="mntl-sc-block-faq__title_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-faq__title mntl-text-block">Frequently Asked Questions</h3> <ul id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-faq__content mntl-accordion " data-tracking-container="true"> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active" data-ordinal="1"> <div tabindex="-1" class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-accordion__item_1-0-section-0"> <span class="accordion__title">Does cognition mean thinking?</span> </div> <div class="accordion__body"> <div id="mntl-accordion__content_1-0" class="comp mntl-accordion__content"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>Thinking is an important component, but cognition also encompasses unconscious and perceptual processes as well. In addition to thinking, cognition involves language, attention, learning, memory, and perception.</p> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item is-active" data-ordinal="2"> <div tabindex="-1" class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-accordion__item_2-0-section-1"> <span class="accordion__title">What are the 5 cognitive skills?</span> </div> <div class="accordion__body"> <div id="mntl-accordion__content_2-0" class="comp mntl-accordion__content"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>People utilize cognitive skills to think, learn, recall, and reason. Five important cognitive skills include short-term memory, logic, processing speed, attention, and spatial recognition.</p> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul></div></div> <div id="post-article_1-0" class="comp post-article mntl-block"><div id="sources_1-0" class="comp sources mntl-block"><div id="mntl-article-sources_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources mntl-expandable-block" data-scroll-offset="70"><div class="loc toggle-content"><div id="mntl-article-sources__wrapper_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__wrapper mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true" tabindex="0"><span id="mntl-article-sources__heading_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__heading mntl-text-block">18 Sources</span> <svg class="icon show-icon " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#show-icon" href="#show-icon"></use> </svg> <svg class="icon hide-icon " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#hide-icon" href="#hide-icon"></use> </svg></div> </div><div class="loc expandable-content"><div id="source-guidelines_1-0" class="comp source-guidelines mntl-text-block">Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our <a href=/our-editorial-process-4778006>editorial process</a> to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.</div> <div id="mntl-article-sources__citation-sources_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__citation-sources mntl-citation-sources mntl-sources" data-tracking-container="true"> <ol class="mntl-sources__content"> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-1"><p>American Psychological Association. <a href="https://dictionary.apa.org/cognition" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Cognition</a>.</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-15"><p>Ezebuilo HC. <a href="https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19692.39043" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Descartes, Leibniz and Spinoza: A brief survey of rationalism</a>. <em>J App Philos</em>. 2020;18(6):95-118. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.19692.39043</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-3"><p>Sgarbi M. <a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-007-4951-1" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1"><em>The Aristotelian Tradition and the Rise of British Empiricism: Logic and Epistemology in the British Isles (1570–1689)</em></a>.</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-4"><p>Lachman R, Lachman J L, Butterfield EC. <a href="https://content.taylorfrancis.com/books/download?dac=C2007-0-05171-6&isbn=9781315798844&format=googlePreviewPdf" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1"><em>Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing: An Introduction</em></a>.</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-5"><p>Neisser U. <a href="https://content.taylorfrancis.com/books/download?dac=C2012-0-09738-2&isbn=9781315736174&format=googlePreviewPdf'" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1"><em>Cognitive Psychology: Classic edition</em></a>.</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-22"><p>Murman D. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1555115" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">The impact of age on cognition</a>. <em>Semin Hear</em>. 2015;36(3):111-121. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1555115</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-23"><p>Li S, Weinstein G, Zare H, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa176" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">The genetics of circulating BDNF: Towards understanding the role of BDNF in brain structure and function in middle and old ages</a>. <em>Brain Commun</em>. 2020;2(2):fcaa176. doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaa176</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-13"><p>Weinsten Y. <a href="https://arc.duke.edu/how-long-short-term-memory-shorter-you-might-think" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">How long is short-term memory: Shorter than you might think</a>. 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id="citation-17"><p>Houben S, Otgaar H, Roelofs J, Merckelbach H. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702619830392" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">EMDR and false memories: A response to Lee, de Jongh, and Hase (2019)</a>. <em>Clin Psycholog Sci</em>. 2019;7(3):405-6. doi:10.1177/2167702619830392</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-12"><p>Schwarzer R. <a href="https://content.taylorfrancis.com/books/download?dac=C2009-0-04170-8&isbn=9781317763703&format=googlePreviewPdf" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1"><em>Self-efficacy: Thought control of action</em></a>.</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-21"><p>Imaoka M, Nakao H, Nakamura M, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S229034" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Effect of multicomponent exercise and nutrition support on the cognitive function of older adults: A randomized controlled trial</a>. <em>Clin Interv Aging</em>. 2019;14:2145-53. doi:10.2147/CIA.S229034</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-19"><p>Petroutsatou K, Sifiniadis A. <a href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/78c69e5f6d821ff3c2f5af80224b08ee/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=696406" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Exploring the consequences of human multitasking in industrial automation projects: A tool to mitigate impacts - Part II</a>. <em>Organiz Techn Manage Construct</em>. 2018;10(1):1770-1777. doi:10.2478/otmcj-2016-0031</p></li> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-18"><p>Mullis CE, Hatfield RC. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12392" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">The effects of multitasking on auditors' judgment quality</a>. <em>Contemp Account Res</em>. 2017;35(1):314-333. 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