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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="توفيق رشدي آراس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توفيق رشدي آراس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D1%8E%D1%89%D1%8E_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Тефик Рющю Арас – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тефик Рющю Арас" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras" title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras" title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras" title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D6%87%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AF_%D5%8C%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BD" title="Թևֆիկ Ռյուշթյու Արաս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թևֆիկ Ռյուշթյու Արաս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras" title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="توفيق رشدى آراس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توفيق رشدى آراس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras" title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras" title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras" title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras" title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras" title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tevfik Rüştü Aras" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%90%95%E4%BB%80%E8%92%82%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="陶菲克·吕什蒂·阿拉斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="陶菲克·吕什蒂·阿拉斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Ambassador of Turkey to the United Kingdom</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1939–1943</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Fethi_Okyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Fethi Okyar">Ali Fethi Okyar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rauf_Orbay" title="Rauf Orbay">Rauf Orbay</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />4 March 1925 – 11 November 1938</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celal_Bayar" class="mw-redirect" title="Celal Bayar">Celal Bayar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Kaya" title="Şükrü Kaya">Şükrü Kaya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Saraco%C4%9Flu" title="Şükrü Saracoğlu">Şükrü Saracoğlu</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Tevfik Rüştü</div><br />1883<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1883</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">Çanakkale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 January 1972<span style="display:none">(1972-01-05)</span> (aged 88–89)<br /><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Fiyan_Asri_Cemetery" title="Aşiyan Asri Cemetery">Aşiyan Asri Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> (CHP)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Beirut School of Medicine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Physician, politician</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tevfik Rüştü Aras</b> (1883 – 5 January 1972) was a <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> politician, serving as deputy and foreign minister of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk" class="mw-redirect" title="Atatürk">Atatürk</a> era (1923–1938). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aras was born in 1883 in <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">Çanakkale</a>. He graduated from the medical school of <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>. He served as a doctor in <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>, Istanbul, and <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Selanik</i> ). He became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and_Progress" title="Committee of Union and Progress">Committee of Union and Progress</a>, and during his membership he met Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey. </p><p>In 1918, he was a member of the high commission of health (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Yüksek Sağlık Kurulu</i>). At that time he married the journalist Evliyazade Makbule, who was the daughter of a wealthy family from İzmir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras_1925.jpg/175px-Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras_1925.jpg/263px-Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras_1925.jpg/350px-Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Tevfik Rüştü Aras in 1925</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00979,_Tewfik_Ruschdi_Bey_und_von_Schubert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00979%2C_Tewfik_Ruschdi_Bey_und_von_Schubert.jpg/175px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00979%2C_Tewfik_Ruschdi_Bey_und_von_Schubert.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00979%2C_Tewfik_Ruschdi_Bey_und_von_Schubert.jpg/263px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00979%2C_Tewfik_Ruschdi_Bey_und_von_Schubert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00979%2C_Tewfik_Ruschdi_Bey_und_von_Schubert.jpg/350px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00979%2C_Tewfik_Ruschdi_Bey_und_von_Schubert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Tevfik Rüştü Aras and Carl von Schubert in Berlin</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Grand_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Grand National Assembly">Turkish Grand National Assembly</a> (TGNA) was inaugurated in 1920 and Aras was elected to the parliament from <a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla" title="Muğla">Muğla</a>. In his first period as a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> (MP), he was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Court">Independence Court</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kastamonu" title="Kastamonu">Kastamonu</a>. In the autumn of 1920, he became one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Turkey_(historical)" title="Communist Party of Turkey (historical)">Communist Party of Turkey</a>. Tevfik Rustu visited the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ali_Fuat_Cebesoy" title="Ali Fuat Cebesoy">Ali Fuat Cebesoy</a>, when Mr. Cebesoy was appointed as ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. He served as MP for İzmir in the second, third, fourth and fifth periods of TGNA, between 1923 and 1939. </p><p>When the Law on the Maintenance of Order was effected on 4 March 1925, he was the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> in the third <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a> government. He stayed in office by keeping his position in all the cabinets until Atatürk died. He implemented Atatürk's foreign policy, held good relations with neighbouring countries and opposition to <a href="/wiki/Hegemonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegemonic">hegemonic</a> powers. He visited Russia three times at the invitation of <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Litvinov" title="Maxim Litvinov">Maxim Litvinov</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)">People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union</a>. These visits took place in 1926 (<a href="/wiki/Odessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Odessa">Odessa</a>), and in 1936 and 1937 (Moscow).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1933, he met with Bulgarian Prime Minister Mushanov in <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a>, because of the <a href="/wiki/Razgrad_incident" title="Razgrad incident">incident in Razgrad</a>, where the Turkish cemetery was attacked. Aras claimed that the situation was stabilized and that the incident was an attempted provocation.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aras was elected as the president of <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> during the Special Session of the Assembly Convened for the Purpose of Considering the Request of the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> for Admission to the League of Nations in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, on 26–27 May 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was removed from his position as Foreign Minister right after Ataturk's passing away by the new Head of Republic Ismet Inonu. Aras and Inonu had different opinions in foreign affairs especially in Soviet relations, Inonu believed that Aras was more loyal to Ataturk rather than the government and conducting foreign affairs directly with him and finally Inonu had suspected Aras for lobbying against him before the Head of Republic election. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This conflict prompted Aras to take his place in the opposition to Inonu. He supported the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Turkey,_historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Turkey, historical)">Democratic Party</a> (DP), but was soon dismissed by the DP following his attempt to include socialist ideas into the party program.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He advocated for a conciliatory policy towards the Soviet Union to which the DP did not agree to.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then was also involved in the establishment of the New Turkey Party in 1961. </p><p>Aras was appointed ambassador to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> in 1939 since he was removed and stayed in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> for three and a half years. He retired in 1943 and published some stories in the Istanbul press (especially in the newspaper Tan). He took office as chairman of the board of <a href="/wiki/Turkiye_Is_Bankasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkiye Is Bankasi">Turkiye Is Bankasi</a>, a Turkish Bank. </p><p>The speeches he gave during his ministerial period were collected in a book called "10 Years in Pursuit of Lausanne" (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Lozan'ın izlerinde 10 yıl</i>) by Mr. Numan Menemencioglu in 1937. He also collected his stories (published in the daily press between 1945–63) into a book called <i> My Views</i> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Görüşlerim</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died on 5 January 1972 in İstanbul,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was laid to rest at the <a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Fiyan_Asri_Cemetery" title="Aşiyan Asri Cemetery">Aşiyan Asri Cemetery</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_the_Armenian_genocide">Role in the Armenian genocide</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Role in the Armenian genocide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tevfik Rüştü Aras was the brother-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Nazim_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazim Bey">Nazim Bey</a>, one of the chief organizers of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>. Tevfik Rüştü Aras became Inspector-General of Health Services and was given the task to destroy the bodies of victims.<sup id="cite_ref-Akcam_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akcam-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He organized the disposal of Armenian corpses with thousands of kilos of lime over six months.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bodies were dumped into wells which were then filled with lime and sealed with soil.<sup id="cite_ref-Akcam_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akcam-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tevfik Rüştü Aras was given six months to complete the task, after which he returned to <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> H.W. Glockner, a British <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POW</a>, wrote in his memoirs that he had seen the bodies of murdered Armenians in <a href="/wiki/Urfa" title="Urfa">Urfa</a> thrown into large ditches and covered with lime, just as Tevfik Rüştü Aras has been instructed to do.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1926, following the passage of the 'Settlement Law' designed to break up Kurdish majority areas in the eastern provinces, Aras justified the deportations to the British administrator of Iraq, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dobbs" title="Henry Dobbs">Sir Henry Dobbs</a>. Dobbs recorded how Aras said that the government was 'determined to clear the <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> out of their valleys, the richest part of Turkey to-day, and to settle Turkish peasants there,' adding that the Kurds 'were to be treated as were the Armenians.' Aras apparently justified this argument: 'The <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Kurds</a> would for many generations be incapable of self-government ... He always said long before the war that Turkey must get rid of the <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Turkey" title="Albanians in Turkey">Albanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Turkey" title="Bulgarians in Turkey">Bulgarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Turkey" title="Arabs in Turkey">Arabs</a>, and must become more homogeneous.'<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He had a daughter from his marriage to Evliyazade Makbule called Emel, who later married <a href="/wiki/Fatin_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Zorlu" title="Fatin Rüştü Zorlu">Fatin Rüştü Zorlu</a>, the minister of foreign affairs from 1957 to 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiana.edu/~league/1937specialassemb.htm">"His Presidency session"</a>. Indiana University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=His+Presidency+session&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiana.edu%2F~league%2F1937specialassemb.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATevfik+R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC+Aras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltuncuoğlu" class="citation journal cs1">Altuncuoğlu, Neslihan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1460984">"Ulusal Basın Ekseninde Atatürk Dönemi Öğrenci Hareketleri: Razgrad Hadisesi Örneği"</a>. <i>Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi</i>. <b>17</b> (33): 712.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uluslararas%C4%B1+Toplum+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1+Dergisi&rft.atitle=Ulusal+Bas%C4%B1n+Ekseninde+Atat%C3%BCrk+D%C3%B6nemi+%C3%96%C4%9Frenci+Hareketleri%3A+Razgrad+Hadisesi+%C3%96rne%C4%9Fi&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=712&rft.aulast=Altuncuo%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Neslihan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdergipark.org.tr%2Fen%2Fdownload%2Farticle-file%2F1460984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATevfik+R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC+Aras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAydemir2017" class="citation book cs1">Aydemir, Şevket Süreyya (2017). <i>İkinci Adam</i>. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. pp. 25–27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C4%B0kinci+Adam&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=25-27&rft.pub=Remzi+Kitabevi&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Aydemir&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Eevket+S%C3%BCreyya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATevfik+R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC+Aras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbou-El-Fadl2018" class="citation book cs1">Abou-El-Fadl, Reem (2018-12-13). <i>Foreign Policy as Nation Making: Turkey and Egypt in the Cold War</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-47504-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-47504-4"><bdi>978-1-108-47504-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+Policy+as+Nation+Making%3A+Turkey+and+Egypt+in+the+Cold+War&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft.isbn=978-1-108-47504-4&rft.aulast=Abou-El-Fadl&rft.aufirst=Reem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATevfik+R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC+Aras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161002085817/http://www.kimkimdir.gen.tr/kimkimdir.php?id=309">"kimkimdir"</a>. Kim Kimdir ( Turkish ). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kimkimdir.gen.tr/kimkimdir.php?id=309">the original</a> on 2016-10-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=kimkimdir&rft.pub=Kim+Kimdir+%28+Turkish+%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kimkimdir.gen.tr%2Fkimkimdir.php%3Fid%3D309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATevfik+R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC+Aras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/129512022.pdf">"AHMET TEVFİK RÜŞTÜ BEY DR. (ARAŞ) (MENTEŞE)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 763.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AHMET+TEVF%C4%B0K+R%C3%9C%C5%9ET%C3%9C+BEY+DR.+%28ARA%C5%9E%29+%28MENTE%C5%9EE%29&rft.pages=763&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F129512022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATevfik+R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC+Aras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Akcam-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Akcam_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akcam_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkcam2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Taner_Akcam" class="mw-redirect" title="Taner Akcam">Akcam, Taner</a> (2007). <i><a href="/wiki/A_shameful_act_:_the_Armenian_genocide_and_the_question_of_Turkish_responsibility" class="mw-redirect" title="A shameful act : the Armenian genocide and the question of Turkish responsibility">A shameful act : the Armenian genocide and the question of Turkish responsibility</a></i> (1st Holt pbk. ed.). New York, NY: Metropolitan Books/Holt. p. 363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805086652" title="Special:BookSources/9780805086652"><bdi>9780805086652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+shameful+act+%3A+the+Armenian+genocide+and+the+question+of+Turkish+responsibility&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=363&rft.edition=1st+Holt+pbk.&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books%2FHolt&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780805086652&rft.aulast=Akcam&rft.aufirst=Taner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATevfik+R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC+Aras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baron, Jeremy Hugh. "Genocidal Doctors". <i>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</i>. November 1999, 92, pp. 590–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archive of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem, Box 21, File M, Document no. 249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H.W. Glockner, Interned in Turkey 1914-1918 (Beirut, 1969), pg. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUngor2011" class="citation book cs1">Ungor, Ugur Umit (2011). <i>The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-965522-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-965522-9"><bdi>978-0-19-965522-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Modern+Turkey%3A+Nation+and+State+in+Eastern+Anatolia%2C+1913-1950&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-965522-9&rft.aulast=Ungor&rft.aufirst=Ugur+Umit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATevfik+R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC+Aras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isteataturk.com/Kronolojik/Tarih/1933/10/29/Ataturk-donemin-Disisleri-Bakani-Tevfik-Rustu-Arasin-kizi-Emel-Hanim-ve-Fatin-Rustu-Zorlunun-dugununde-29101933/69">"Kronolojik Tarih 1933"</a>. <i>İşte Atatürk</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C4%B0%C5%9Fte+Atat%C3%BCrk&rft.atitle=Kronolojik+Tarih+1933&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisteataturk.com%2FKronolojik%2FTarih%2F1933%2F10%2F29%2FAtaturk-donemin-Disisleri-Bakani-Tevfik-Rustu-Arasin-kizi-Emel-Hanim-ve-Fatin-Rustu-Zorlunun-dugununde-29101933%2F69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATevfik+R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC+Aras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tevfik_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Aras" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tevfik Rüştü Aras">Tevfik Rüştü Aras</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Kaya" title="Şükrü Kaya">Şükrü Kaya</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey">Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey</a> </b><br />4 March 1925–11 November 1938 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Saraco%C4%9Flu" title="Şükrü Saracoğlu">Şükrü Saracoğlu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="List of leaders of the League of Nations">Presidents of General Assembly of League of Nations</a> </b><br />1937–1937 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> Sir <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_III" title="Aga Khan III">Muhammad Shah Aga Khan</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Turkey_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of ambassadors of Turkey to the United Kingdom">Ambassadors of Turkey to the United Kingdom</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Kemal_Bey" title="Yusuf Kemal Bey">Yusuf Kemal Tengirşenk</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zekai_Apayd%C4%B1n" title="Zekai Apaydın">Zekai Apaydın</a> (1924–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Ferit_Tek" title="Ahmet Ferit Tek">Ahmet Ferit Tek</a> (1925–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munir_Ertegun" title="Munir Ertegun">Münir Ertegün</a> (1932–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fethi_Okyar" title="Fethi Okyar">Fethi Okyar</a> (1934–1939)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tevfik Rüştü Aras</a> (1939–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauf_Orbay" title="Rauf Orbay">Rauf Orbay</a> (1942–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ru%C5%9Fen_E%C5%9Fref_%C3%9Cnayd%C4%B1n" title="Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın">Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın</a> (1944–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cevat_A%C3%A7%C4%B1kal%C4%B1n" title="Cevat Açıkalın">Cevat Açıkalın</a> (1945–1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Rag%C4%B1p_Baydur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Ragıp Baydur (page does not exist)">Hüseyin Ragıp Baydur</a> (1952–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suat_Hayri_%C3%9Crg%C3%BCpl%C3%BC" title="Suat Hayri Ürgüplü">Suat Hayri Ürgüplü</a> (1955–1957)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muharrem_Nuri_Birgi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muharrem Nuri Birgi (page does not exist)">Muharrem Nuri Birgi</a> (1957–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feridun_Cemal_Erkin" title="Feridun Cemal Erkin">Feridun Cemal Erkin</a> (1960–1962)</li> <li>Kemal Kavur (1962–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_Kuneralp" title="Zeki Kuneralp">Zeki Kuneralp</a> (1964–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cmit_Haluk_Bay%C3%BClken" title="Ümit Haluk Bayülken">Ümit Haluk Bayülken</a> (1966–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_Kuneralp" title="Zeki Kuneralp">Zeki Kuneralp</a> (1969–1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%B1fat_Turgut_Menemencio%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rıfat Turgut Menemencioğlu (page does not exist)">Rıfat Turgut Menemencioğlu</a> (1972–1978)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahap_A%C5%9Firo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vahap Aşiroğlu (page does not exist)">Vahap Aşiroğlu</a> (1978–1981)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rahmi_G%C3%BCmr%C3%BCk%C3%A7%C3%BCo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rahmi Gümrükçüoğlu (page does not exist)">Rahmi Gümrükçüoğlu</a> (1981–1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nurver_Nure%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nurver Nureş (page does not exist)">Nurver Nureş</a> (1989–1991)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candemir_%C3%96nhon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Candemir Önhon (page does not exist)">Candemir Önhon</a> (1991–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zdem_Sanberk" title="Özdem Sanberk">Özdem Sanberk</a> (1995–2000)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korkmaz_Haktan%C4%B1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korkmaz Haktanır (page does not exist)">Korkmaz Haktanır</a> (2000–2002)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ak%C4%B1n_Alptuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akın Alptuna (page does not exist)">Akın Alptuna</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Yi%C4%9Fit_Alpogan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Yiğit Alpogan (page does not exist)">Mehmet Yiğit Alpogan</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_%C3%9Cnal_%C3%87evik%C3%B6z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Ünal Çeviköz (page does not exist)">Ahmet Ünal Çeviköz</a> (2010–2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdurrahman_Bilgi%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdurrahman Bilgiç (page does not exist)">Abdurrahman Bilgiç</a> (2014–2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cmit_Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ümit Yalçın (page does not exist)">Ümit Yalçın</a> (2018–2023)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osman_Koray_Erta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osman Koray Ertaş (page does not exist)">Osman Koray Ertaş</a> (2023– )</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Foreign_ministers_of_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Turkey" title="Template:Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Foreign_ministers_of_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_Turkey" title="List of ministers of foreign affairs of Turkey">Foreign ministers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bekir_Sami_Kunduh" title="Bekir Sami Kunduh">Bekir Sami Kunduh</a> (1920–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Muhtar_Mollao%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Muhtar Mollaoğlu">Ahmet Muhtar Mollaoğlu</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Kemal_Bey" title="Yusuf Kemal Bey">Yusuf Kemal Tengirşenk</a> (1921–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a> (1922–24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Kaya" title="Şükrü Kaya">Şükrü Kaya</a>(1924–25)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tevfik Rüştü Aras</a> (1925–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Saraco%C4%9Flu" title="Şükrü Saracoğlu">Şükrü Saracoğlu</a> (1938–42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_Numan_Menemencio%C4%9Flu" title="Hüseyin Numan Menemencioğlu">Hüseyin Numan Menemencioğlu</a> (1942–44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Saka" title="Hasan Saka">Hasan Saka</a> (1944–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Sadak" title="Necmettin Sadak">Necmettin Sadak</a> (1947–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Fuat_K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Mehmet Fuat Köprülü">Mehmet Fuat Köprülü</a> (1950–56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a> (1956–57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatin_R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Zorlu" title="Fatin Rüştü Zorlu">Fatin Rüştü Zorlu</a> (1957–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_Sarper" title="Selim Sarper">Selim Sarper</a> (1960–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feridun_Cemal_Erkin_(1899%E2%80%931980)" class="mw-redirect" title="Feridun Cemal Erkin (1899–1980)">Feridun Cemal Erkin</a> (1962–65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Esat_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Hasan Esat Işık">Hasan Esat Işık</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0hsan_Sabri_%C3%87a%C4%9Flayangil" title="İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil">İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil</a> (1965–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Olcay" class="mw-redirect" title="Osman Olcay">Osman Olcay</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cmit_Haluk_Bay%C3%BClken" title="Ümit Haluk Bayülken">Ümit Haluk Bayülken</a> (1971–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan_G%C3%BCne%C5%9F_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turan Güneş (politician)">Turan Güneş</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melih_Esenbel" title="Melih Esenbel">Melih Esenbel</a> (1974–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0hsan_Sabri_%C3%87a%C4%9Flayangil" title="İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil">İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil</a> (1975–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz_%C3%96k%C3%A7%C3%BCn" class="mw-redirect" title="Gündüz Ökçün">Gündüz Ökçün</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0hsan_Sabri_%C3%87a%C4%9Flayangil" title="İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil">İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil</a> (1977–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz_%C3%96k%C3%A7%C3%BCn" title="Ahmet Gündüz Ökçün">Ahmet Gündüz Ökçün</a> (1978–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayrettin_Erkmen" title="Hayrettin Erkmen">Hayrettin Erkmen</a> (1979–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lter_T%C3%BCrkmen" title="İlter Türkmen">İlter Türkmen</a> (1980–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahit_Melih_Halefo%C4%9Flu" title="Vahit Melih Halefoğlu">Vahit Melih Halefoğlu</a> (1983–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a> (1987–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Bozer" title="Ali Bozer">Ali Bozer</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Kurtcebe_Alptemo%C3%A7in" title="Ahmet Kurtcebe Alptemoçin">Ahmet Kurtcebe Alptemoçin</a> (1990–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safa_Giray" title="Safa Giray">Safa Giray</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmet_%C3%87etin" title="Hikmet Çetin">Hikmet Çetin</a> (1991–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCmtaz_Soysal" title="Mümtaz Soysal">Mümtaz Soysal</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Karayal%C3%A7%C4%B1n" title="Murat Karayalçın">Murat Karayalçın</a> (1994–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">Erdal İnönü</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co%C5%9Fkun_K%C4%B1rca" title="Coşkun Kırca">Coşkun Kırca</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a> (1995–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emre_G%C3%B6nensay" title="Emre Gönensay">Emre Gönensay</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansu_%C3%87iller" title="Tansu Çiller">Tansu Çiller</a> (1996–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smail_Cem_%C4%B0pek%C3%A7i" class="mw-redirect" title="İsmail Cem İpekçi">İsmail Cem</a> (1997–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Sina_G%C3%BCrel" title="Şükrü Sina Gürel">Şükrü Sina Gürel</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_Yak%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Yaşar Yakış">Yaşar Yakış</a> (2002–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a> (2003–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Ali Babacan</a> (2007–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a> (2009–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu</a> (2014–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feridun_Sinirlio%C4%9Flu" title="Feridun Sinirlioğlu">Feridun Sinirlioğlu</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu</a> (2015–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakan_Fidan" title="Hakan Fidan">Hakan Fidan</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/MfaLogoTR.svg/100px-MfaLogoTR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/MfaLogoTR.svg/150px-MfaLogoTR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/MfaLogoTR.svg/200px-MfaLogoTR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="283" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Assembly_of_the_League_of_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:League_of_Nations_Presidents" title="Template:League of Nations Presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:League_of_Nations_Presidents" title="Template talk:League of Nations Presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:League_of_Nations_Presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:League of Nations Presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Assembly_of_the_League_of_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="List of leaders of the League of Nations">Presidents of the Assembly</a> of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a> <small>(1920)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hymans" title="Paul Hymans">Paul Hymans</a> <small>(1920–21)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Adriaan_van_Karnebeek" title="Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek">Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek</a> <small>(1921–22)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Edwards_Mac-Clure" title="Agustín Edwards Mac-Clure">Agustín Edwards</a> <small>(1922–23)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosme_de_la_Torriente_y_Peraza" title="Cosme de la Torriente y Peraza">Cosme de la Torriente y Peraza</a> <small>(1923–24)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta" title="Giuseppe Motta">Giuseppe Motta</a> <small>(1924–25)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dandurand" title="Raoul Dandurand">Raoul Dandurand</a> <small>(1925–26)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_Costa" title="Afonso Costa">Afonso Costa</a> <small>(1926)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mom%C4%8Dilo_Nin%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Momčilo Ninčić">Momčilo Ninčić</a> <small>(1926–27)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Guani" title="Alberto Guani">Alberto Guani</a> <small>(1927–28)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herluf_Zahle" title="Herluf Zahle">Herluf Zahle</a> <small>(1928–29)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gustavo_Guerrero" title="José Gustavo Guerrero">José Gustavo Guerrero</a> <small>(1929–30)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Titulescu" title="Nicolae Titulescu">Nicolae Titulescu</a> <small>(1930–32)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hymans" title="Paul Hymans">Paul Hymans</a> <small>(1932–33)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Theodore_Te_Water" title="Charles Theodore Te Water">Charles Theodore Te Water</a> <small>(1933–34)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickard_Sandler" title="Rickard Sandler">Richard Johannes Sandler</a> <small>(1934)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Castillo_N%C3%A1jera" title="Francisco Castillo Nájera">Francisco Castillo Nájera</a> <small>(1934–35)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> <small>(1935–36)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a> <small>(1936–37)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tevfik Rüştü Aras</a> <small>(1937)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_III" title="Aga Khan III">Aga Khan III</a> <small>(1937–38)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a> <small>(1938–39)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._J._Hambro" title="C. J. Hambro">Carl Joachim Hambro</a> <small>(1939–40, 1946)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2376406#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2376406#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2376406#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr93046754">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16937853n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16937853n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810622216105606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/092792391">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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