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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recurring_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recurring_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Recurring characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recurring_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series_overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Series overview</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Series_overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Series overview subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Series_overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monty_Python's_Fliegender_Zirkus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monty_Python's_Fliegender_Zirkus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monty_Python's_Fliegender_Zirkus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Casting</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Casting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Casting subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Casting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chapman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chapman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Chapman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chapman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cleese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cleese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Cleese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cleese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gilliam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gilliam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Gilliam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gilliam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Idle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Jones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Palin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Broadcast</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Broadcast-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Broadcast subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Broadcast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Original_broadcast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_broadcast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Original broadcast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_broadcast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lost_sketches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lost_sketches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Lost sketches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lost_sketches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>American television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsequent_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Subsequent projects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subsequent_projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Subsequent projects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Live_shows_with_original_cast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Live_shows_with_original_cast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Live shows with original cast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Live_shows_with_original_cast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_adaptation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_adaptation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>French adaptation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_adaptation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Initial reviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="سيرك مونتي بايثون الطائر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيرك مونتي بايثون الطائر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Летящият цирк на Монти Пайтън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Летящият цирк на Монти Пайтън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Monty Python's Flying Circus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%C5%AFv_l%C3%A9taj%C3%ADc%C3%AD_cirkus" title="Monty Pythonův létající cirkus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Monty Pythonův létající cirkus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Monty Python's Flying Circus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Pythons_Flyvende_Cirkus" title="Monty Pythons Flyvende Cirkus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Monty Pythons Flyvende Cirkus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%E2%80%99s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python’s Flying Circus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Monty Python’s Flying Circus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monty Python's Flying Circus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Monty Python's Flying Circus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سیرک پرنده مانتی پایتان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیرک پرنده مانتی پایتان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monty Python's Flying Circus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Monty Python's Flying Circus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%AC%ED%8B%B0_%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%B9%84%ED%96%89_%EC%84%9C%EC%BB%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="몬티 파이튼의 비행 서커스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몬티 파이튼의 비행 서커스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lete%C4%87i_cirkus_Montyja_Pythona" title="Leteći cirkus Montyja Pythona – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Leteći cirkus Montyja Pythona" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Monty Python's Flying Circus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monty Python's Flying Circus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A3_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9F" title="הקרקס המעופף של מונטי פייתון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקרקס המעופף של מונטי פייתון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python_Rep%C3%BCl%C5%91_Cirkusza" title="Monty Python Repülő Cirkusza – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Monty Python Repülő Cirkusza" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Летечкиот циркус на Монти Пајтон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Летечкиот циркус на Монти Пајтон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Monty Python's Flying Circus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietaj%C3%BAci_cirkus_Montyho_Pythona" title="Lietajúci cirkus Montyho Pythona – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lietajúci cirkus Montyho Pythona" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lete%C4%8Di_cirkus_Montyja_Pythona" title="Leteči cirkus Montyja Pythona – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Leteči cirkus Montyja Pythona" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British sketch comedy television series (1969–1974)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus (disambiguation)">Monty Python's Flying Circus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1230561210">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0 3px;padding:3px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-above{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;font-size:125%;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-header{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv img{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-aka{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release td,.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox ib-tv vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary"><i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_Title_Card.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_Title_Card.png/220px-Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_Title_Card.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_Title_Card.png/330px-Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_Title_Card.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cd/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_Title_Card.png 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="278" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">Sketch comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surreal_humour" title="Surreal humour">Surreal humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black comedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Chapman" title="Graham Chapman">Graham Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Idle" title="Eric Idle">Eric Idle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Terry Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python" title="Monty Python">Monty Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Innes" title="Neil Innes">Neil Innes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_MacNaughton" title="Ian MacNaughton">Ian MacNaughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Davies" title="John Howard Davies">John Howard Davies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Graham Chapman</li> <li>John Cleese (series 1–3)</li> <li>Eric Idle</li> <li>Terry Jones</li> <li>Michael Palin</li> <li>Terry Gilliam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Cleveland" title="Carol Cleveland">Carol Cleveland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Theme music composer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">John Philip Sousa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening theme</th><td class="infobox-data">"<a href="/wiki/The_Liberty_Bell_(march)" title="The Liberty Bell (march)">The Liberty Bell</a>" recorded by <a href="/wiki/Band_of_the_Grenadier_Guards" title="Band of the Grenadier Guards">Band of the Grenadier Guards</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composers</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Neil Innes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Tomlinson_(singer)" title="Fred Tomlinson (singer)">Fred Tomlinson Singers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of series</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of episodes</th><td class="infobox-data">45 <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_episodes" title="List of Monty Python's Flying Circus episodes">list of episodes</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Production</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Producers</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>John Howard Davies (series 1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_MacNaughton" title="Ian MacNaughton">Ian MacNaughton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>James Balfour</li> <li>Alan Featherstone</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Animator</th><td class="infobox-data">Terry Gilliam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editors</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Ray Millichope</li> <li>Robert C. Dearberg</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Running time</th><td class="infobox-data">approx. 25–30 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production company</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Original release</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Network</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC1</a> (1969–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC2</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release</th><td class="infobox-data">5 October 1969<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1969-10-05</span>)</span> –<br />5 December 1974<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1974-12-05</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Related</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Fliegender_Zirkus" title="Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus">Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/And_Now_for_Something_Completely_Different" title="And Now for Something Completely Different">And Now for Something Completely Different</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Monty Python's Flying Circus</b></i> (also known as simply <i><b>Monty Python</b></i>) is a British <a href="/wiki/Surreal_humour" title="Surreal humour">surreal</a> <a href="/wiki/Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">sketch comedy</a> series created by and starring <a href="/wiki/Graham_Chapman" title="Graham Chapman">Graham Chapman</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Idle" title="Eric Idle">Eric Idle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Terry Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a>, who became known collectively as "<a href="/wiki/Monty_Python" title="Monty Python">Monty Python</a>", or the "Pythons". The first episode was recorded at the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> on 7 September 1969 and premiered on 5 October on <a href="/wiki/BBC1" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC1">BBC1</a>, with 45 episodes airing over four series from 1969 to 1974, plus two episodes for German TV. A feature film adaptation of several sketches, <i><a href="/wiki/And_Now_for_Something_Completely_Different" title="And Now for Something Completely Different">And Now for Something Completely Different</a></i>, was released in 1971. </p><p>The series stands out for its use of <a href="/wiki/Surreal_humour" title="Surreal humour">absurd situations</a>, mixed with risqué and innuendo-laden humour, <a href="/wiki/Visual_gag" title="Visual gag">sight gags</a>, and observational sketches without <a href="/wiki/Punch_line" title="Punch line">punchlines</a>. Live-action segments were broken up with animations by Gilliam, often merging with the live action to form <a href="/wiki/Segue#In_film_or_broadcast_news_production" title="Segue">segues</a>. The overall format used for the series followed and elaborated upon the style used by <a href="/wiki/Spike_Milligan" title="Spike Milligan">Spike Milligan</a> in his groundbreaking series <i><a href="/wiki/Q..._(TV_series)" title="Q... (TV series)">Q...</a></i>, rather than the traditional sketch show format. The Pythons play the majority of the series's characters, along with supporting cast members including <a href="/wiki/Carol_Cleveland" title="Carol Cleveland">Carol Cleveland</a> (referred to by the team as the unofficial "Seventh Python"), <a href="/wiki/Connie_Booth" title="Connie Booth">Connie Booth</a> (Cleese's first wife), series producer <a href="/wiki/Ian_MacNaughton" title="Ian MacNaughton">Ian MacNaughton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Davidson_(scriptwriter)" title="Ian Davidson (scriptwriter)">Ian Davidson</a>, musician <a href="/wiki/Neil_Innes" title="Neil Innes">Neil Innes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Tomlinson_(singer)" title="Fred Tomlinson (singer)">Fred Tomlinson</a> and the Fred Tomlinson Singers for musical numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The programme came about as the six Pythons, having met each other through university and in various radio and television programmes in the 1960s, sought to make a new sketch comedy show unlike anything else on British television. Much of the humour in the series targeted the idiosyncrasies of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">British life</a>, especially that of professionals, as well as aspects of politics. Their comedy is often pointedly <a href="/wiki/Intellectualism" title="Intellectualism">intellectual</a>, with numerous erudite references to philosophers and literary figures and their works. The team intended their humour to be impossible to categorise, and succeeded so completely that the adjective "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pythonesque" class="extiw" title="wikt:Pythonesque">Pythonesque</a>" was invented to define it and, later, similar material. Their humour was not always seen as appropriate for television by the BBC, leading to some censorship during the third series. Cleese left the show following that series, and the remaining Pythons completed a final, shortened fourth series before ending the show. </p><p>The show became very popular in the United Kingdom, and after initially failing to draw an audience in the United States, gained American popularity after <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> member stations began airing it in 1974. The programme's success on both sides of the Atlantic led to the Pythons going on live tours and creating three additional films, while the individual Pythons flourished in solo careers. <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i> has become an influential work on comedy as well as in popular culture. The programming language <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> was named by <a href="/wiki/Guido_van_Rossum" title="Guido van Rossum">Guido van Rossum</a> after the show, and the word <a href="/wiki/Spamming" title="Spamming">spam</a>, for junk email, took its name from a word used in <a href="/wiki/Spam_(Monty_Python_sketch)" title="Spam (Monty Python sketch)">a Monty Python sketch</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premise">Premise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Premise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i> is a sketch comedy show, though it does not adhere to any regular format. The sketches include live-action skits performed by <a href="/wiki/Graham_Chapman" title="Graham Chapman">Graham Chapman</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Idle" title="Eric Idle">Eric Idle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Terry Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a>, along with animations created by Gilliam, frequently used as linking devices or interstitial between skits. During the first three series, Cleese would be dressed in a tuxedo and introduce the show with the phrase "And Now for Something Completely Different". Afterwards, a long-haired man (called the It's man) played by Michael Palin would run all the way to the camera and say "It's.." which would start the show proper. The show's introductory theme, which varied with each series, was also based on Gilliam's animations and was accompanied by a rendition of "<a href="/wiki/The_Liberty_Bell_(march)" title="The Liberty Bell (march)">The Liberty Bell</a>" march by <a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">John Philip Sousa</a>, as performed by the <a href="/wiki/Band_of_the_Grenadier_Guards" title="Band of the Grenadier Guards">Band of the Grenadier Guards</a>. The march was first published in 1893; Gilliam chose it as the show's theme because it had fallen into the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Berne_Convention" title="Berne Convention">Berne Convention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright law of the United States">United States copyright law</a>, and could thus be used without <a href="/wiki/Royalty_payment" title="Royalty payment">royalty payments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Title">Title</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i> was partly the result of the group's reputation at the BBC. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mills_(British_producer)" title="Michael Mills (British producer)">Michael Mills</a>, the BBC's Head of Comedy, wanted their name to include the word "circus" because the BBC referred to the six members wandering around the building as a circus, in particular, "Baron Von Took's Circus", after <a href="/wiki/Barry_Took" title="Barry Took">Barry Took</a>, who had brought them to the BBC.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group added "flying" to make it sound less like an actual circus and more like something <a href="/wiki/Manfred_von_Richthofen#Flying_Circus" title="Manfred von Richthofen">from World War I</a>. The group was coming up with their name at a time when the 1966 <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Guardsmen" title="The Royal Guardsmen">The Royal Guardsmen</a> song <i><a href="/wiki/Snoopy_vs._the_Red_Baron_(song)" title="Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)">Snoopy vs. the Red Baron</a></i> had been at a peak. <a href="/wiki/Manfred_von_Richthofen" title="Manfred von Richthofen"><i>Freiherr</i> Manfred von Richthofen</a>, the World War I German flying ace known as The Red Baron, commanded the <a href="/wiki/Jagdgeschwader_1_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagdgeschwader 1 (World War I)">Jagdgeschwader 1 fighter squadron</a> known as "The Flying Circus". </p><p>The words "Monty Python" were added because they claimed it sounded like a really bad theatrical agent, the sort of person who would have brought them together, with <a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a> suggesting "<a href="/wiki/Pythonidae" title="Pythonidae">Python</a>" as something slimy and slithery, and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Idle" title="Eric Idle">Eric Idle</a> suggesting "Monty".<sup id="cite_ref-Palin_2008_650_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palin_2008_650-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They later explained that the name Monty "made us laugh because Monty to us means <a href="/wiki/Lord_Montgomery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Montgomery">Lord Montgomery</a>, our great general of the Second World War".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC had rejected some other names put forward by the group, including <i>Whither Canada?</i>; <i>The Nose Show</i>; <i>Ow! It's Colin Plint!</i>; <i>A Horse, a Spoon and a Basin</i>; <i>The Toad Elevating Moment</i> and <i>Owl Stretching Time</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palin_2008_650_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palin_2008_650-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several of these titles were later used for individual episodes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recurring_characters">Recurring characters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recurring characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_recurring_Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_characters" title="List of recurring Monty Python's Flying Circus characters">List of recurring Monty Python's Flying Circus characters</a></div> <p>Compared with many other <a href="/wiki/Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">sketch comedy</a> shows, <i>Flying Circus</i> had fewer recurring characters, many of whom were involved only in titles and linking sequences. Continuity for many of these recurring characters was frequently non-existent from sketch to sketch, with sometimes even the most basic information (such as a character's name) being changed from one appearance to the next. </p><p>The most frequently returning characters on the show include: </p> <ul><li><b>The "It's" Man</b> (Palin), a <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe" title="Robinson Crusoe">Robinson Crusoe</a>-type castaway with torn clothes and a long, unkempt beard who would appear at the beginning of the programme. Often he is seen performing a long or dangerous task, such as falling off a tall, jagged cliff or running through a mine field a long distance towards the camera before introducing the show by just saying, "It's..." before being abruptly cut off by the opening titles and Terry Gilliam's animation sprouting the words 'Monty Python's Flying Circus'. <i>It's</i> was an early candidate for the title of the series.</li> <li><b>A BBC <a href="/wiki/Continuity_announcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuity announcer">continuity announcer</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Dinner_jacket" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinner jacket">dinner jacket</a></b> (Cleese), seated at a desk, often in highly incongruous locations, such as a forest or a beach. His line, "<a href="/wiki/And_Now_for_Something_Completely_Different" title="And Now for Something Completely Different">And now for something completely different</a>", was used variously as a lead-in to the opening titles and a simple way to link sketches. Though Cleese is best known for it, Idle first introduced the phrase in Episode 2, where he introduced a man with three buttocks. It eventually became the show's <a href="/wiki/Catchphrase" title="Catchphrase">catchphrase</a> and served as the title for the troupe's first movie. In Series 3 the line was shortened to simply: "And now..." and was often combined with the "It's" man in introducing the episodes.</li> <li><b>The <a href="/wiki/Gumbys" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumbys">Gumbys</a></b>, a dim-witted group of identically attired people all wearing <a href="/wiki/Gumboot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumboot">gumboots</a> (from which they take their name), high-water trousers, <a href="/wiki/Braces_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Braces (clothing)">braces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle_(technique)" title="Fair Isle (technique)">Fair Isle</a> <a href="/wiki/Sweater_vest" title="Sweater vest">tank tops</a>, white shirts with rolled up sleeves, round wire-rimmed glasses, <a href="/wiki/Toothbrush_mustache" class="mw-redirect" title="Toothbrush mustache">toothbrush moustaches</a> and knotted handkerchiefs worn on their heads (a stereotype of the English <a href="/wiki/Working_class_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Working class culture">working-class</a> holidaymaker). Gumbys always stand in a hunched, square posture, holding their arms stiffly at their sides with their balled hands curled inwards. They speak slowly in loud, throaty voices punctuated by frequent grunts and groans, display a poor understanding of everything they encounter, and have a fondness for pointless violence. All of them are surnamed Gumby: D.P. Gumby, R.S. Gumby, etc. Even though all Pythons played Gumbys in the show's run, the character is most closely associated with Michael Palin.</li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gumbys-present-architects-sketch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Gumbys-present-architects-sketch.jpg/220px-Gumbys-present-architects-sketch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6a/Gumbys-present-architects-sketch.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="181" /></a><figcaption>Gumbys on parade</figcaption></figure><b>The Knight with a Raw Chicken</b> (Gilliam), who would hit characters over the head with the chicken when they said something particularly silly. The knight was a regular during the first series and made another appearance in the third.</li> <li><b>A nude <a href="/wiki/Organist" title="Organist">organist</a></b> (played in his first two appearances by Gilliam, later by Jones) who provided a brief fanfare to punctuate certain sketches, most notably on a sketch poking fun at <i><a href="/wiki/Sale_of_the_Century_(British_game_show)" title="Sale of the Century (British game show)">Sale of the Century</a></i> or as yet another way to introduce the opening titles. This character was addressed as "<a href="/wiki/Onan" title="Onan">Onan</a>" by Palin's host character in the ersatz game show sketch "Blackmail". He wore only a tie and a white shirt collar.</li> <li><b>The "Pepper Pots"</b> are screeching middle-aged, <a href="/wiki/Lower-middle_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower-middle class">lower-middle class</a> housewives, played by the Pythons in frocks and frumpy hats, and engage in surreal and inconsequential conversation. "The Pepper Pots" was the in-house name that the Pythons used to identify these characters, who were never identified as such on-screen. On the rare occasion these women were named, it was often for comic effect, featuring such names as Mrs. Scum, Mrs. Non-Gorilla, Mrs. Thing, Mrs. Entity, or the duo Mrs. Premise and Mrs. Conclusion. "Pepper pot" refers to what the Pythons believed was the typical body shape of middle-class, British housewives, as explained by John Cleese in <i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Irritate_People" title="How to Irritate People">How to Irritate People</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200813_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200813-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Terry Jones</a> is perhaps most closely associated with the Pepper Pots, but all the Pythons were frequent in performing the drag characters.</li> <li>Brief black-and-white <a href="/wiki/Stock_footage" title="Stock footage">stock footage</a>, lasting only two or three seconds, of <b>middle-aged women sitting in an audience and applauding</b>. The film was taken from a <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Institutes_(British)" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Institutes (British)">Women's Institute</a> meeting and was sometimes presented with a colour tint.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2008292_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2008292-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Other recurring characters include: </p> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Colonel_(Monty_Python)" title="The Colonel (Monty Python)">The Colonel</a>" (Chapman), a British Army officer who interrupts sketches that are "too silly" or that contain material he finds offensive. The Colonel also appears when non-BBC broadcast repeats need to be cut off for time constraints in <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">syndication</a>.</li> <li>Arthur Pewtey (Palin), a socially inept, extremely dull man who appears most notably in the "<a href="/wiki/Marriage_Guidance_Counsellor" title="Marriage Guidance Counsellor">Marriage Guidance Counsellor</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Silly_Walks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Silly Walks">Ministry of Silly Walks</a>" sketches. His sketches all take the form of an office appointment with an authority figure (usually played by Cleese), which are used to parody the officious side of the British establishment by having the professional employed in the most bizarre field of expertise. The spelling of Pewtey's surname is changed, sometimes being spelled "Putey".</li> <li>The Reverend Arthur Belling is the <a href="/wiki/Vicar" title="Vicar">vicar</a> of St Loony-Up-The-Cream-Bun-and-Jam, known for his deranged behaviour. In one sketch (within Series 2, played by Chapman), he makes an appeal to the insane people of the world to drive sane people insane. In another sketch (within Series 3, played by Palin), which is among the pantheon of fan favourites,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the vicar politely joins a honeymooning couple at an outdoor café, repeatedly insisting he does not wish to disturb them; he then sits down, opens a suitcase full of props, and calmly proceeds to smash plates on the table, shake a baby doll in their faces, bounce a rubber crab from a ping-pong paddle, and spray shaving cream all over his face, all whilst loudly chanting nonsense syllables. Rev. Belling's odd version of 'not being disturbing' serves to convert the couple to his bizarre sect of Christianity.</li> <li>A somewhat disreputable shopkeeper, played by Palin, is a staple of many a two-person sketch (notably "Dead Parrot Sketch" and "Cheese Shop"). He often speaks with a strong Cockney accent, and has no consistent name.</li> <li>Mr. Badger (Idle), a Scotsman whose specialty was interrupting sketches ('I won't ruin your sketch, for a pound'). He was once interviewed, in a sketch opposite Cleese, regarding his interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a>, which Badger believes was actually a piece of chewing gum on a bedspread in <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>. He has also been seen as an <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_hijacking" title="Aircraft hijacking">aeroplane hijacker</a> whose demands grow increasingly strange.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Praline" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Praline">Mr. Eric Praline</a>, a disgruntled man, played by Cleese and who often wears a <a href="/wiki/Cagoule_(raincoat)#The_roll-up-able_cagoule" class="mw-redirect" title="Cagoule (raincoat)">Pac-a-Mac</a>. His most famous appearance is in the "<a href="/wiki/Dead_Parrot_sketch" title="Dead Parrot sketch">Dead Parrot sketch</a>". His name is only mentioned once on-screen, during the "<a href="/wiki/Fish_Licence" title="Fish Licence">Fish Licence</a>" sketch, but his attire (together with Cleese's distinctive, nasal performance) distinguishes him as a recognisable character who makes multiple appearances throughout the first two series. An audio re-recording of "Fish Licence" also reveals that he has multiple pets of wildly differing species, all of them named "<a href="/wiki/Eric_the_Half-a-Bee" title="Eric the Half-a-Bee">Eric</a>".</li> <li>Arthur Nudge, a well-dressed mustachioed man, referred to in the published scripts as "Mr. Nudge" (Idle), who pointedly annoys uptight characters (usually Jones). He is characterised by his constant nudging gestures and cheeky innuendo. His most famous appearance is in his initial sketch, "<a href="/wiki/Nudge_Nudge" title="Nudge Nudge">Nudge Nudge</a>", though he appears in several later sketches too, including "The Visitors", where he claimed his name was Arthur Name.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biggles" title="Biggles">Biggles</a> (Chapman, and <a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Inquisition_(Monty_Python)" title="The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python)">in one instance</a> Jones), a World War I pilot. Derived from the famous series of fiction stories by <a href="/wiki/W._E._Johns" title="W. E. Johns">W. E. Johns</a>.</li> <li><span id="Luigi_Vercotti">Luigi Vercotti</span> (Palin), a <a href="/wiki/Mafioso_(criminal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mafioso (criminal)">mafioso entrepreneur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pimp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pimp">pimp</a> featured during the first series, accompanied in his first appearance by his brother Dino (Jones). He appears as the manager for <a href="/wiki/Ron_Obvious_(Monty_Python)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron Obvious (Monty Python)">Ron Obvious</a>, as the owner of La Gondola restaurant and as a victim of the <a href="/wiki/Piranha_Brothers" title="Piranha Brothers">Piranha Brothers</a>. With his brother, he attempts to talk the Colonel into paying for <a href="/wiki/Pizzo_(extortion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pizzo (extortion)">protection of his Army base</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Inquisition_(Monty_Python)" title="The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python)">The Spanish Inquisition</a> would burst into a previously unrelated sketch whenever their name was mentioned. Their catchphrase was 'Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!' They consist of Cardinal Ximinez (Palin), Cardinal Fang (Gilliam), and Cardinal Biggles (Jones). They premiered in series two and Ximinez had a cameo in "The Buzz Aldrin Show".</li> <li>Frenchmen: Cleese and Palin would sometimes dress in stereotypical French garb, e.g. striped shirt, tight pants, <a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">beret</a>, and speak in garbled French, with incomprehensible accents. They had one fake moustache between them, and each would stick it onto the other's lip when it was his turn to speak. They appear giving a demonstration of the technical aspects of the flying sheep in episode 2 ("Sex and Violence"), and appear in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Silly_Walks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Silly Walks">Ministry of Silly Walks</a> sketch as the developers of "La Marche Futile". They also make an appearance in <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_and_the_Holy_Grail" title="Monty Python and the Holy Grail">Monty Python and the Holy Grail</a></i>.</li> <li>The Compère (Palin), a sleazy nightclub emcee in a red jacket. He linked sketches by introducing them as nightclub acts, and was occasionally seen after the sketch, passing comment on it. In one link, he was the victim of the Knight with a Raw Chicken.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piranha_Brothers" title="Piranha Brothers">Spiny Norman</a>, a Gilliam animation of a giant hedgehog. He is introduced in Episode 1 of Series 2 in "Piranha Brothers" as an hallucination experienced by Dinsdale Piranha when he is depressed. Later, Spiny Norman appears randomly in the background of animated cityscapes, shouting 'Dinsdale!'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a> (Palin) is impersonated by someone or is impersonating someone else. He is first seen as a witness in court, but he turns out to be Ron Higgins, a professional Cardinal Richelieu impersonator. He is later seen during the "Historical Impersonations" sketch as himself impersonating <a href="/wiki/Petula_Clark" title="Petula Clark">Petula Clark</a>.</li> <li>Ken Shabby (Palin), an unkempt, disgusting man who cleaned public lavatories, appeared in his own sketch in the first series, attempting to get approval from another man (Chapman) to marry his daughter (Booth). In the second series, he appeared in several <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_populi" title="Vox populi">vox populi</a></i> segments. He later founded his own religion (as part of the "Crackpot Religions" sketch) and called himself Archbishop Shabby.</li> <li>Raymond Luxury-Yacht (Chapman) is described as one of Britain's leading skin specialists. He wears an enormous fake nose made of <a href="/wiki/Polystyrene" title="Polystyrene">polystyrene</a>. He proudly proclaims that his name "is spelled 'Raymond Luxury-Yach-t', but it is pronounced 'Throat-Wobbler Mangrove<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".</li> <li>A Madman (Chapman) Often appears in vox pops segments. He wears a <a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler hat</a> and has a bushy <a href="/wiki/Moustache" title="Moustache">moustache</a>. He will always rant and ramble about his life whenever he appears and will occasionally foam at the mouth and fall over backwards. He appears in "The Naked Ant", "The Buzz Aldrin Show" and "It's a Living".</li></ul> <p>Other returning characters include a married couple, often mentioned but never seen, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Haydon-Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Haydon-Jones">Ann Haydon-Jones</a> and her husband Pip. In "<a href="/wiki/Election_Night_Special" title="Election Night Special">Election Night Special</a>", Pip has lost a political seat to <a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Humperdinck_(singer)" title="Engelbert Humperdinck (singer)">Engelbert Humperdinck</a>. Several recurring characters are played by different Pythons. Both Palin and Chapman played the insanely violent Police Constable <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American World Airways">Pan Am</a>. Both Jones and Palin portrayed police sergeant Harry 'Snapper' Organs of Q division. Various historical figures were played by a different cast member in each appearance, such as <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a> (Cleese, then Palin), or <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> (Jones, then Palin, then all five Pythons in Series 4). </p><p>Some of the Pythons' real-life targets recurred more frequently than others. <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Reginald Maudling</a>, a contemporary <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> politician, was singled out for perhaps the most consistent ridicule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2008288_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2008288-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then-<a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education_and_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Education and Science">Secretary of State for Education and Science</a>, and (well after the programme had ended) Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, was occasionally mentioned, in particular referring to Thatcher's brain as being in her shin received a hearty laugh from the studio audience<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Then-US President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> was also frequently mocked, as was Conservative party leader <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a>, prime minister for much of the series' run. The <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law enforcement in the United Kingdom">British police</a> were also a favourite target, often acting bizarrely, stupidly, or abusing their authority, frequently in drag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Series_overview">Series overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Series overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_episodes" title="List of Monty Python's Flying Circus episodes">List of Monty Python's Flying Circus episodes</a></div> <p>There were a total of 45 episodes of <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i> made across four series. </p> <div style="display:block;overflow-x:auto"><table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;height:1px;display:table"><tbody><tr style="text-align:center"><th scope="col" rowspan="2" style="min-width:50px;padding:0 8px">Series</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="padding:0 8px">Episodes</th><th scope="colgroup" colspan="2">Originally aired</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">First aired</th><th scope="col">Last aired</th></tr><tr style="height:100%"><th scope="row" colspan="1" style="height:inherit;padding:0"><span style="text-align:center;float:left;width:100%;height:100%"><span style="width:14px;background:#1E599C;color:#202122;height:100%;float:left;box-shadow:inset -1px 0 #A2A9B1"></span><span style="height:100%;width:calc(100% - 14px - 8px);display:flex;vertical-align:middle;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0 4px"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_episodes#Series_1_(1969–70)" title="List of Monty Python's Flying Circus episodes">1</a></span></span></span></th><td colspan="2">13</td><td colspan="1" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em">5 October 1969</td><td style="padding:0 8px">11 January 1970</td></tr><tr style="height:100%"><th scope="row" colspan="1" style="height:inherit;padding:0"><span style="text-align:center;float:left;width:100%;height:100%"><span style="width:14px;background:#CB9F34;color:#202122;height:100%;float:left;box-shadow:inset -1px 0 #A2A9B1"></span><span style="height:100%;width:calc(100% - 14px - 8px);display:flex;vertical-align:middle;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0 4px"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_episodes#Series_2_(1970)" title="List of Monty Python's Flying Circus episodes">2</a></span></span></span></th><td colspan="2">13</td><td colspan="1" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em">15 September 1970</td><td style="padding:0 8px">22 December 1970</td></tr><tr style="height:100%"><th scope="row" colspan="1" style="height:inherit;padding:0"><span style="text-align:center;float:left;width:100%;height:100%"><span style="width:14px;background:#AE86C5;color:#202122;height:100%;float:left;box-shadow:inset -1px 0 #A2A9B1"></span><span style="height:100%;width:calc(100% - 14px - 8px);display:flex;vertical-align:middle;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0 4px"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_episodes#Series_3_(1972–73)" title="List of Monty Python's Flying Circus episodes">3</a></span></span></span></th><td colspan="2">13</td><td colspan="1" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em">19 October 1972</td><td style="padding:0 8px">18 January 1973</td></tr><tr style="height:100%"><th scope="row" colspan="1" style="height:inherit;padding:0"><span style="text-align:center;float:left;width:100%;height:100%"><span style="width:14px;background:#e1cc5f;color:#202122;height:100%;float:left;box-shadow:inset -1px 0 #A2A9B1"></span><span style="height:100%;width:calc(100% - 14px - 8px);display:flex;vertical-align:middle;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0 4px"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_episodes#Monty_Python's_Fliegender_Zirkus_(1972)" title="List of Monty Python's Flying Circus episodes">Specials</a></span></span></span></th><td colspan="2">2</td><td colspan="1" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em">3 January 1972</td><td style="padding:0 8px">18 December 1972</td></tr><tr style="height:100%"><th scope="row" colspan="1" style="height:inherit;padding:0"><span style="text-align:center;float:left;width:100%;height:100%"><span style="width:14px;background:#F1721D;color:#202122;height:100%;float:left;box-shadow:inset -1px 0 #A2A9B1"></span><span style="height:100%;width:calc(100% - 14px - 8px);display:flex;vertical-align:middle;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0 4px"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_episodes#Series_4_(1974)" title="List of Monty Python's Flying Circus episodes">4</a></span></span></span></th><td colspan="2">6</td><td colspan="1" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em">31 October 1974</td><td style="padding:0 8px">5 December 1974</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monty_Python's_Fliegender_Zirkus"><span id="Monty_Python.27s_Fliegender_Zirkus"></span><i>Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Fliegender_Zirkus" title="Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus">Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus</a></div> <p>Two episodes were produced in German for WDR (<a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">Westdeutscher Rundfunk</a>), both titled <i>Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus</i>, the literal German translation of the English title. While visiting the UK in the early 1970s, German entertainer and TV producer <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Biolek" title="Alfred Biolek">Alfred Biolek</a> caught notice of the Pythons. Excited by their innovative, absurd sketches, he invited them to Germany in 1971 and 1972 to write and act in two special German episodes. </p><p>The first episode, advertised as <i>Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus: Blödeln für Deutschland</i> ("Monty Python's Flying Circus: Clowning Around for Germany"), was produced in 1971 and performed in German. The second episode, advertised as <i>Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus: Blödeln auf die feine englische Art</i> ("Monty Python's Flying Circus: Clowning Around in the Distinguished English Way"), produced in 1972, was recorded in English and dubbed into German for its broadcast in Germany. The original English recording was transmitted by the BBC in October 1973. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Monty_Python" title="Monty Python">Monty Python</a></div> <p>Prior to the show, the six main cast members had met each other as part of various comedy shows: Jones and Palin were members of <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Revue" title="The Oxford Revue">The Oxford Revue</a>, while Chapman, Cleese, and Idle were members of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Footlights" title="Footlights">Footlights</a>, and while on tour in the United States, met Gilliam. In various capacities, the six worked on a number of different British radio and television comedy shows from 1964 to 1969 as both writers and on-screen roles. The six began to collaborate on ideas together, blending elements of their previous shows, to devise the premise of a new comedy show which presented a number of skits with minimal common elements, as if it were comedy presented by a <a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness" title="Stream of consciousness">stream of consciousness</a>. This was aided through the use of Gilliam's animations to help transition skits from one to the next.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilliam_animation_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilliam_animation-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casting">Casting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Casting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although there were few recurring characters, and the six cast members played many diverse roles, each perfected some character traits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapman">Chapman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Chapman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Graham_Chapman" title="Graham Chapman">Graham Chapman</a> often portrayed straight-laced men, of any age or class, frequently authority figures such as military officers, policemen or doctors. His characters could, at any moment, engage in "Pythonesque" <a href="/wiki/Mania" title="Mania">maniacal</a> behaviour and then return to their former sobriety.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also skilled in abuse, which he brusquely delivered in such sketches as "Argument Clinic" and "Flying Lessons". He adopted a dignified demeanour as the leading "<a href="/wiki/Straight_man" title="Straight man">straight man</a>" in the Python feature films <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_and_the_Holy_Grail" title="Monty Python and the Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Brian" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Brian">Life of Brian</a></i> (the title character).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cleese">Cleese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cleese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a> played ridiculous authority figures. Gilliam claims that Cleese is the funniest of the Pythons in drag, as he barely needs to be dressed up to look hilarious, with his square chin and 6' 5" (196 cm) frame (see the "Mr. and Mrs. Git" sketch).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Cleese also played intimidating maniacs, such as an instructor in the "Self-Defence Against Fresh Fruit" sketch. His character <a href="/wiki/Mr._Praline" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Praline">Mr. Praline</a>, the put-upon consumer, featured in some of the most popular sketches, most famously in "<a href="/wiki/Dead_Parrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead Parrot">Dead Parrot</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One star turn that proved most memorable among Python fans was "<a href="/wiki/The_Ministry_of_Silly_Walks" title="The Ministry of Silly Walks">The Ministry of Silly Walks</a>", where he worked for the eponymous government department. The sketch displays the notably tall and loose-limbed Cleese's physicality in a variety of silly walks. Despite its popularity, particularly among American fans, Cleese himself particularly disliked the sketch, feeling that many of the laughs it generated were cheap and that no balance was provided by what could have been the true satirical centrepoint.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Another of his trademarks is his over-the-top delivery of abuse, particularly his screaming "You bastard!" </p><p>Cleese often played foreigners with ridiculous accents, especially Frenchmen, most of the time with Palin. Sometimes this extended to the use of actual French or German (such as "The Funniest Joke in the World", "Mr. <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hilter</a>", or "La Marche Futile" at the end of "The Ministry of Silly Walks"), but still with a very heavy accent (or impossible to understand, as for example Hilter's speech). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gilliam">Gilliam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gilliam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus,_Cupid,_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/240px-Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/360px-Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/480px-Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3349" data-file-height="4226" /></a><figcaption>The famous Python Foot can here be seen in its original context in the bottom-left corner of <i><a href="/wiki/Venus,_Cupid,_Folly_and_Time" title="Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time">Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bronzino" title="Bronzino">Agnolo Bronzino</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery, London">National Gallery, London</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foot_detail_from_Venus,_Cupid,_Folly_and_Time_by_Agnolo_Bronzino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Foot_detail_from_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_by_Agnolo_Bronzino.jpg/240px-Foot_detail_from_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_by_Agnolo_Bronzino.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Foot_detail_from_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_by_Agnolo_Bronzino.jpg/360px-Foot_detail_from_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_by_Agnolo_Bronzino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Foot_detail_from_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_by_Agnolo_Bronzino.jpg/480px-Foot_detail_from_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_by_Agnolo_Bronzino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Close-up of the foot</figcaption></figure> <p>Many Python sketches were linked together by the <a href="/wiki/Cutout_animation" title="Cutout animation">cut-out animations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a>, including the opening titles featuring the iconic giant foot that became a symbol of all that was 'Pythonesque'.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gilliam's unique visual style was characterised by sudden, dramatic movements and deliberate mismatches of scale, set in <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealist</a> landscapes populated by <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engravings</a> of large buildings with elaborate architecture, grotesque <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era#Technology_and_engineering" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> gadgets, machinery, and people cut from old <a href="/wiki/Sears_Roebuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Sears Roebuck">Sears Roebuck</a> catalogues. Gilliam added <a href="/wiki/Airbrush" title="Airbrush">airbrush</a> illustrations and many familiar pieces of art. All of these elements were combined in incongruous ways to obtain new and humorous meanings. </p><p>The surreal nature of the series allowed Gilliam's animation to go off on bizarre, imaginative tangents, features that were impossible to produce live-action at the time. Some running gags derived from these animations were a giant <a href="/wiki/Hedgehog" title="Hedgehog">hedgehog</a> named Spiny Norman who appeared over the tops of buildings shouting, "Dinsdale!", further petrifying the paranoid <a href="/wiki/Piranha_Brothers" title="Piranha Brothers">Dinsdale Piranha</a>; and The Foot of Cupid, the giant foot that suddenly squashed things. The latter was appropriated from the figure of <a href="/wiki/Cupid" title="Cupid">Cupid</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Agnolo_Bronzino" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnolo Bronzino">Agnolo Bronzino</a> painting <i><a href="/wiki/Venus,_Cupid,_Folly_and_Time" title="Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time">Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> and appeared in the opening credits of every series to crush the show's title when it appeared on-screen. </p><p>Notable Gilliam sequences for the show include Conrad Poohs and his Dancing Teeth, the rampage of the cancerous black spot, The Killer Cars and a giant cat that stomps its way through London, destroying everything in its path. </p><p>Initially only hired to be the animator of the series, Gilliam was not thought of (even by himself) as an on-screen performer at first, being American and not very good at the deep and sometimes exaggerated English accent of his fellows. The others felt they owed him something and so he sometimes appeared before the camera, usually in the parts that no one else wanted to play, generally because they required a lot of make-up or involved uncomfortable costumes.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recurrent of these was The-Knight-Who-Hits-People-With-A-Chicken, a knight in armour who would walk on-set and hit another character on the head with a plucked chicken either to end a sketch or when they said something really corny. Some of Gilliam's other on-screen portrayals included: </p> <ul><li>A man with a <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">stoat</a> through his head</li> <li>Cardinal Fang in "<a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Inquisition_(Monty_Python)" title="The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python)">The Spanish Inquisition</a>"</li> <li>A dandy wearing only a mask, bikini underwear and a cape, in "The Visitors"</li> <li>A hotel clerk in "The Cycling Tour" episode</li> <li>A trouser-less man with a multi coloured wig and a Goat on a lead asking for "Mrs. Rogers" at the start of the New Gas Cooker sketch.</li> <li>A fat and appallingly <a href="/wiki/Flatulence" title="Flatulence">flatulent</a> young man obsessed with (and covered in) <a href="/wiki/Baked_beans" title="Baked beans">baked beans</a> in the "Most Awful Family In Britain" sketch.</li> <li>A wheelchair using security guard, sporting an enormous sword through his head.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a> in the "Michael Ellis" episode</li></ul> <p>Gilliam soon became distinguished as the go-to member for the most obscenely grotesque characters. This carried over into the <i>Holy Grail</i> film, where Gilliam played King Arthur's hunchbacked page 'Patsy' and the bridgekeeper at the Bridge of Death as well as the 'deaf and mad' jailer in <i>Life of Brian</i>. In <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Meaning_of_Life" title="Monty Python's The Meaning of Life">Monty Python's The Meaning of Life</a></i> Terry Jones thought <a href="/wiki/Mr_Creosote" title="Mr Creosote">Mr Creosote</a> should be played by fellow Python <a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a>, before Gilliam persuaded Jones to play the role instead.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idle">Idle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Idle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Eric_Idle" title="Eric Idle">Eric Idle</a> is known for his roles as a cheeky, suggestive playboy ("<a href="/wiki/Nudge_Nudge" title="Nudge Nudge">Nudge Nudge</a>"), a variety of pretentious television presenters (such as his over-the-top portrayal of <a href="/wiki/Philip_Jenkinson" title="Philip Jenkinson">Philip Jenkinson</a> in the segments connecting the "<a href="/wiki/Cheese_Shop_sketch" title="Cheese Shop sketch">Cheese Shop</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Sam_Peckinpah%27s_%22Salad_Days%22" title="Sam Peckinpah's "Salad Days"">Salad Days</a>" sketches), a crafty, slick salesman ("Door-to-Door Joke Salesman", "Encyclopedia Salesman") and the merchant who loves to haggle in <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Life_of_Brian" title="Monty Python's Life of Brian">Monty Python's Life of Brian</a></i>. He is acknowledged as 'the master of the one-liner' by the other Pythons, along with his ability to deliver extensive, sometimes maniacal monologues with barely a breath, such as in "The Money Programme".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also considered the best singer/songwriter in the group; for example, he played guitar in several sketches and wrote and performed "<a href="/wiki/Always_Look_on_the_Bright_Side_of_Life" title="Always Look on the Bright Side of Life">Always Look on the Bright Side of Life</a>" from <i>The Life of Brian</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike Jones, he often played female characters in a more straightforward way, only altering his voice slightly, as opposed to the falsetto shrieking used by the others. Several times, Idle appeared as upper-class, <a href="/wiki/Middle-aged" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-aged">middle-aged</a> women, such as Rita Fairbanks ("Reenactment of the Battle of Pearl Harbor") and the sexually-repressed <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> wife in the "<a href="/wiki/Every_Sperm_is_Sacred" class="mw-redirect" title="Every Sperm is Sacred">Every Sperm is Sacred</a>" sketch, in <i>The Meaning of Life</i>. </p><p>Because he was not from an already-established writing partnership prior to Python, Idle wrote his sketches alone.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jones">Jones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Jones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although all of the Pythons played women, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Terry Jones</a> is renowned by the rest to be 'the best Rat-Bag woman in the business'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His portrayal of a middle-aged housewife was louder, shriller, and more dishevelled than that of any of the other Pythons. Examples of this are the "<a href="/wiki/Dead_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead Bishop">Dead Bishop</a>" sketch, his role as Brian's mother Mandy in <i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Brian" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Brian">Life of Brian</a></i>, Mrs Linda S-C-U-M in "Mr Neutron" and the café proprietor in "<a href="/wiki/Spam_(Monty_Python)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spam (Monty Python)">Spam</a>". Also recurring was the upper-class reserved men, in "<a href="/wiki/Nudge,_Nudge" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudge, Nudge">Nudge, Nudge</a>" and the "It's a Man's Life" sketch, and incompetent authority figures (<a href="/wiki/Harry_%22Snapper%22_Organs" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry "Snapper" Organs">Harry "Snapper" Organs</a>). He also played the iconic Nude Organist that introduced all of series three. Generally, he deferred to the others as a performer, but proved himself behind the scenes, where he would eventually end up pulling most of the strings.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Jones also portrayed the tobacconist in the "Hungarian translation sketch" and the enormously fat and bucket-vomiting <a href="/wiki/Mr._Creosote" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Creosote">Mr. Creosote</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Meaning_of_Life" title="Monty Python's The Meaning of Life">Meaning of Life</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palin">Palin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Palin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a> was regarded by the other members of the troupe as the one with the widest range, equally adept as a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Straight_man" class="extiw" title="wikt:Straight man">straight man</a> or wildly over the top character.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He portrayed many working-class northerners, often portrayed in a disgusting light: "<a href="/wiki/The_Funniest_Joke_in_the_World" title="The Funniest Joke in the World">The Funniest Joke in the World</a>" sketch and the "<a href="/wiki/Every_Sperm_Is_Sacred" title="Every Sperm Is Sacred">Every Sperm Is Sacred</a>" segment of <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Meaning_of_Life" title="Monty Python's The Meaning of Life">Monty Python's The Meaning of Life</a></i>. In contrast, Palin also played weak-willed, put-upon men such as the husband in the "<a href="/wiki/Marriage_Guidance_Counsellor" title="Marriage Guidance Counsellor">Marriage Guidance Counsellor</a>" sketch, the boring accountant in the "<a href="/wiki/Vocational_Guidance_Counsellor" title="Vocational Guidance Counsellor">Vocational Guidance Counsellor</a>" sketch, and the hapless client in the "<a href="/wiki/Argument_Clinic" title="Argument Clinic">Argument Clinic</a>". He was equally at home as the indefatigable Cardinal Ximinez of Spain in "<a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Inquisition_(Monty_Python)" title="The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python)">The Spanish Inquisition</a>" sketch. Another high-energy character that Palin portrays is the slick TV show host, constantly smacking his lips together and generally being over-enthusiastic ("<a href="/wiki/And_Now_for_Something_Completely_Different#Sketches" title="And Now for Something Completely Different">Blackmail</a>" sketch). In one sketch, he plays the role with an underlying hint of self-revulsion, where he wipes his oily palms on his jacket, makes a disgusted face, then continues. One of his most famous creations<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> was the shopkeeper who attempts to sell useless goods by very weak attempts at being sly and crafty, which are invariably spotted by the customer (often played by Cleese), as in the "<a href="/wiki/Dead_Parrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead Parrot">Dead Parrot</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Cheese_Shop_sketch" title="Cheese Shop sketch">Cheese Shop</a>" sketches. Palin is also well known for his leading role in "<a href="/wiki/The_Lumberjack_Song" title="The Lumberjack Song">The Lumberjack Song</a>". </p><p>Palin also often plays heavy-accented foreigners, mostly French ("La marche futile") or German ("Hitler in Minehead"), usually alongside Cleese. In one of the last episodes, he delivers a full speech, first in English, then in French, then in heavily accented German. </p><p>Of all the Pythons, Palin played the fewest female roles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Among his portrayals of women are <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> in the "Michael Ellis" episode, Debbie Katzenberg the American in <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Meaning_of_Life" title="Monty Python's The Meaning of Life">Monty Python's The Meaning of Life</a></i>, a rural idiot's wife in the "Idiot in rural society" sketch, and an implausible English housewife who is married to <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first five episodes of the series were produced by <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Davies" title="John Howard Davies">John Howard Davies</a>, with Davies serving as studio director, and <a href="/wiki/Ian_MacNaughton" title="Ian MacNaughton">Ian MacNaughton</a> acting as location director. From the sixth episode onwards, MacNaughton became the producer and sole director on the series. Other regular team members included Hazel Pethig (costumes), Madelaine Gaffney (makeup) and John Horton (video effects designer). Maggie Weston, who worked on both makeup and design, married Gilliam in 1973 and they remain together. The series was primarily filmed in London studios and nearby locations, although location shooting to take in beaches and villages included filming in <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a> and the island of <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>. </p><p>Pre-production of the series had started by April 1969. Documents from the BBC showed that the viability of the show had been threatened around this time when Cleese reminded the BBC that he was still under contract from David Frost's <a href="/wiki/David_Paradine_Productions" title="David Paradine Productions">David Paradine Productions</a>, who wanted to co-produce the show. The BBC memos indicated the potential of holding off the show until 1971, when Cleese's contract with Paradine expired, but ultimately the situation was resolved, though the details of these negotiations have been lost.<sup id="cite_ref-irish_times_50th_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irish_times_50th-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broadcast">Broadcast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Broadcast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_broadcast">Original broadcast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Original broadcast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first episode aired on the BBC on Sunday, 5 October 1969, at 10:55 p.m.<sup id="cite_ref-irish_times_50th_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irish_times_50th-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC had to reassure some of its workers (who were considering going on strike and who thought the show was replacing a late-night, religious/devotional programme) by asserting that it was using the alternative programming to give clergymen time off on their busiest day.<sup id="cite_ref-irish_times_50th_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irish_times_50th-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first episode did not fare well in terms of audience, capturing only about 3% of the total UK population, roughly 1.5 million, compared to <i><a href="/wiki/Dad%27s_Army" title="Dad's Army">Dad's Army</a></i> that had 22% on the Thursday of that same week. In addition to the lowest audience figures for shows during that week, the first episode has had the lowest <a href="/wiki/Appreciation_Index" title="Appreciation Index">Appreciation Index</a> for any of the BBC's light entertainment programmes.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_BBC_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent_BBC-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-irish_times_50th_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irish_times_50th-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While public reception improved over the course of the first series, certain BBC executives had already conceived a dislike for the show, with some BBC documents describing the show as "disgusting and <a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">nihilistic</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-independent_BBC_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent_BBC-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some within the BBC had been more upbeat on how the first series had turned out and had congratulated the group accordingly, but a more general dislike for the show had already made an impact on the troupe, with Cleese announcing that he would be unlikely to continue to participate after the making of the second series.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_BBC_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent_BBC-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Separately, the BBC had to re-edit several of the first series' episodes to remove the personal address and phone number for <a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> that the troupe had included in some sketches.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_bbc_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph_bbc-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second series, while more popular than the first, further strained relations between the troupe and the BBC. Two of the sketches from the series finale "Royal Episode 13" were called out by BBC executives in a December 1970 meeting: "The Queen Will Be Watching" in which the troupe mocks <a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_Queen" class="mw-redirect" title="God Save the Queen">the UK national anthem</a>, and the "<a href="/wiki/Undertakers_sketch" title="Undertakers sketch">Undertakers sketch</a>" which took a comedic turn on how to dispose of the body of a loved one.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_BBC_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent_BBC-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_bbc_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph_bbc-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BBC executives criticised producer MacNaughton for not alerting them to the content prior to airing.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_bbc_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph_bbc-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Palin, via his published diary, the BBC started to censor the programme within the third series following this.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_bbc_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph_bbc-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cleese remained for the third series but left afterwards. Cleese cited that he was no longer interested in the show, believing most of the material was rehashes of prior skits.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also found it more difficult to work with Chapman, who was struggling with <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining Pythons, however, went on to produce a shortened fourth series, of which only six episodes were made prior to their decision to end the show prematurely, the final episode being broadcast on 5 December 1974. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lost_sketches">Lost sketches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Lost sketches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first cut that the BBC forced on the show was the removal of David Frost's phone number from re-airings of the second episode of the first season, "Sex and Violence", in the sketch "The Mouse Problem". The Pythons had slipped in a real contact number for David Frost to the initial airing, which resulted in numerous viewers bothering him. </p><p>Some material originally recorded went missing later, such as the use of the word "masturbating" in the "Summarize Proust" sketch (which was muted during the first airing, and later cut out entirely) or "What a silly bunt" in the Travel Agent sketch (which featured a character [Idle] who has a speech impediment that makes him pronounce "C"s as "B"s),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was cut before the sketch ever went to air. However, when this sketch was included in the album <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Previous_Record" title="Monty Python's Previous Record">Monty Python's Previous Record</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_at_the_Hollywood_Bowl" title="Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl">Live at the Hollywood Bowl</a></i> film, the line remained intact. Both sketches were included in the Danish <a href="/wiki/DR_K" title="DR K">DR K</a> re-airing of all episodes ("Episode 31", aired 1 November 2018, 6:50 pm).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some sketches were deleted in their entirety and later recovered. One such sketch is the "Party Political Broadcast (Choreographed)", where a <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> spokesman (Cleese) delivers a party political broadcast before getting up and dancing, being coached by a choreographer (Idle), and being joined by a chorus of spokesmen dancing behind him. The camera passes two <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> spokesmen practising ballet, and an animation featuring <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> in a tutu. Once deemed lost, a home-recorded tape of this sketch, captured from a broadcast from <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a> <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> outlet <a href="/wiki/WNED-TV" title="WNED-TV">WNED-TV</a>, turned up on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another high-quality recording of this sketch, broadcast on <a href="/wiki/WTTW" title="WTTW">WTTW</a> in Chicago, has also turned up on YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Buffalo version can be seen as an extra on the new <a href="/wiki/DVD_region_code#2" title="DVD region code">Region 2</a>/<a href="/wiki/DVD_Region_code" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD Region code">4</a> eight-disc <i>The Complete Monty Python's Flying Circus</i> DVD set.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/DVD_region_code#1" title="DVD region code">Region 1</a> DVD of <i>Before The Flying Circus</i>, which is included in <i>The Complete Monty Python's Flying Circus Collector's Edition Megaset</i> and <i>Monty Python: The Other British Invasion</i>, also contains the Buffalo version as an extra.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another lost sketch is the "Satan" animation following the "Crackpot Religion" piece and the "Cartoon Religion Ltd" animation, and preceding the "<a href="/wiki/How_Not_To_Be_Seen" class="mw-redirect" title="How Not To Be Seen">How Not To Be Seen</a>" sketch: this had been edited out of the official tape. Six frames of the animation can be seen at the end of the episode, wherein that particular episode is repeated in fast-forward. A black and white 16 mm film print has since turned up (found by a private film collector in the US) showing the animation in its entirety. </p><p>At least two references to cancer were censored, both during the second series. In the sixth episode ("It's A Living" or "School Prizes"), <a href="/wiki/Carol_Cleveland" title="Carol Cleveland">Carol Cleveland</a>'s narration of a Gilliam cartoon suddenly has a male voice dub '<a href="/wiki/Gangrene" title="Gangrene">gangrene</a>' over the word cancer (although this word was used unedited when the animation appeared in the movie <i><a href="/wiki/And_Now_for_Something_Completely_Different" title="And Now for Something Completely Different">And Now for Something Completely Different</a></i>; the 2006 special <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Personal_Best" title="Monty Python's Personal Best">Terry Gilliam's Personal Best</a></i> uses this audio to restore the censored line). Another reference was removed from the sketch "Conquistador Coffee Campaign", in the eleventh episode "How Not to Be Seen", although a reference to <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a> remained intact. This line has also been recovered from the same 16 mm film print as the above-mentioned "Satan" animation. </p><p>A sketch from Episode 7 of Series 2 (subtitled 'The Attila the Hun Show') featured a parody of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Miles" title="Michael Miles">Michael Miles</a>, the 1960s TV <a href="/wiki/Game_show" title="Game show">game show</a> host (played by Cleese), and was introduced as 'Spot The Braincell'. This sketch was deleted shortly afterwards from a repeat broadcast as a mark of respect following Miles' death in February 1971. Also, the controversial "Undertaker" sketch from Episode 13 of the same series was removed by the BBC after negative reviewer response. Both of these sketches have been restored to the official tapes, although the only source for the Undertaker sketch was an NTSC copy of the episode, duplicated before the cut had been made. </p><p>Animation in episode 9 of series 3 was cut out following the initial broadcast. The animation was a parody of a German commercial, and the original owners complained about the music use, so the BBC simply removed part of the animation, and replaced the music with a song from a Python album. Terry Gilliam later complained about the cut, thinking it was because producer Ian McNaughton "just didn't get what it was and he cut it. That was a big mistake."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Music copyright issues have resulted in at least two cuts. In episode 209, Graham Chapman as a Pepperpot sings "<a href="/wiki/The_Girl_from_Ipanema" title="The Girl from Ipanema">The Girl from Ipanema</a>", but some versions use "<a href="/wiki/Jeanie_with_the_Light_Brown_Hair" title="Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair">Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair</a>", which is public domain. In the bus conductor sketch in season 3 episode 4, a brief parody of "<a href="/wiki/Tonight_(1956_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonight (1956 song)">Tonight</a>" from <i>West Side Story</i> was removed. Though it was later determined that this version never even aired on BBC at all, instead was first seen in the American broadcasts.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have also been reports of substituting different performances of classical music in some uses, presumably because of performance royalties. </p><p>A Region 2 DVD release of Series 1–4 was released by <a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Home_Entertainment" title="Sony Pictures Home Entertainment">Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</a> in 2007. This included certain things which had been cut from the US A&E releases, including the "masturbation" line, but failed to reinstate most of the long-lost sketches and edits. A Blu-ray release of the series featuring every episode restored to its original uncut broadcast length was released by Network for the show's 50th anniversary in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rediscovered sketch Ursula Hitler, once deemed impossible to find, was re-released with the 50th anniversary sets in 2019. Also some of the extra American broadcast material, for instance the original parody of "Tonight" from <i>West Side Story</i> in the bus conductor sketch from season 3 episode 4, were included as deleted scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_television">American television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: American television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of the original broadcasting of <i>Monty Python</i> in the United Kingdom, the BBC used <a href="/wiki/Time-Life_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Time-Life Television">Time-Life Television</a> to distribute its shows in the United States. For <i>Monty Python</i>, Time-Life had been concerned that the show was "too British" in its humour to reach American audiences, and did not opt to bring the programme across.<sup id="cite_ref-new_yorker_1976_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_yorker_1976-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the show became a fixture on the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> beginning in the fall of 1970, and hence was also seen in some American markets.<sup id="cite_ref-FlyingCircusCanada_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlyingCircusCanada-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Pythons' first film, <i><a href="/wiki/And_Now_for_Something_Completely_Different" title="And Now for Something Completely Different">And Now for Something Completely Different</a></i>, a selection of skits from the show released in the UK in 1971 and in the United States in 1972, was not a hit in the USA.<sup id="cite_ref-new_yorker_1976_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_yorker_1976-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During their first North American tour in 1973, the Pythons performed twice on US television, firstly on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show" title="The Tonight Show">The Tonight Show</a></i>, hosted by Joey Bishop, and then on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Midnight_Special_(TV_series)" title="The Midnight Special (TV series)">The Midnight Special</a></i>. The group spoke of how badly the first appearance went down with the audience; Idle described <i>The Tonight Show</i> performance: "We did thirty minutes [thirty minutes' worth of material] in fifteen minutes to no laughs whatsoever. We ran out onto the green grass in <a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank</a> and we lay down and laughed for 15 minutes because it was the funniest thing ever. In America they didn't know what on earth we were talking about."<sup id="cite_ref-Teod_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teod-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the poor reception on their live appearances on American television, the Pythons' American manager, Nancy Lewis, began to push the show herself into the States. In 1974, the <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> member station <a href="/wiki/KERA-TV" title="KERA-TV">KERA</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> was the first television station in the United States to broadcast episodes of <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i>, and is often credited with introducing the programme to American audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-dallas_news_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dallas_news-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many other PBS stations acquired the show, and by 1975, it was often the most popular show on these stations.<sup id="cite_ref-new_yorker_1976_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_yorker_1976-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>And Now for Something Completely Different</i> was re-released to American theaters in 1974 and had a much better box office take that time. That would also set the stage for the Pythons' next film, <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_and_the_Holy_Grail" title="Monty Python and the Holy Grail">Monty Python and the Holy Grail</a></i>, released near simultaneously in the UK and the United States in April 1975, to also perform well in American theaters.<sup id="cite_ref-Teod_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teod-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i> helped to open the door for other British television series to make their way into the United States via PBS and its member stations.<sup id="cite_ref-StewartStewart1999_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StewartStewart1999-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One notable American fan of <i>Monty Python</i> was singer <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>. Billy Smith, Presley's cousin noted that during the last few months of Elvis' life in 1977, when Elvis was addicted to prescription drugs and mainly confined to his bedroom at his mansion <a href="/wiki/Graceland" title="Graceland">Graceland</a>, Elvis would sit at his room and chat with Smith for hours about various topics including among other things, Presley's favourite <i>Monty Python</i> sketches.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the rise in American popularity, the <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> network acquired rights to show select episodes of <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i> in their <i><a href="/wiki/Wide_World_of_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Wide World of Entertainment">Wide World of Entertainment</a></i> showcase in mid 1975. However, ABC re-edited the episodes, thus losing the continuity and flow intended in the originals. When ABC refused to stop treating the series in this way, the Pythons took them to court. Initially the court ruled that their artistic rights had indeed been violated, but it refused to stop the ABC broadcasts. However, on appeal the team gained control over all subsequent US broadcasts of its programmes.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-new_yorker_1976_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_yorker_1976-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case also led to their gaining the master tapes of the series from the BBC, once their original contracts ended at the end of 1980. </p><p>The show also aired on <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Monty Python</i> was part of a two-hour comedy block on Sunday nights that also included another BBC series, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Ones_(TV_series)" title="The Young Ones (TV series)">The Young Ones</a></i>. </p><p>In April 2006, <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i> returned to non-cable American television directly through PBS. In connection with this, PBS commissioned <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Personal_Best" title="Monty Python's Personal Best">Monty Python's Personal Best</a></i>, a six-episode series featuring each Python's favourite sketches, plus a tribute to Chapman, who died in 1989. <a href="/wiki/BBC_America" title="BBC America">BBC America</a> has aired the series on a sporadic basis since the mid-2000s, in an extended 40-minute time slot in order to include commercials. <a href="/wiki/IFC_(American_TV_channel)" title="IFC (American TV channel)">IFC</a> acquired the rights to the show in 2009, though not exclusive, as BBC America still airs occasional episodes of the show. IFC also presented a six-part documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python:_Almost_the_Truth_(The_Lawyers_Cut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monty Python: Almost the Truth (The Lawyers Cut)">Monty Python: Almost the Truth (The Lawyers Cut)</a></i>, produced by Terry Jones's son Bill. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsequent_projects">Subsequent projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Subsequent projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Monty_Python#Life_beyond_the_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python">Monty Python § Life beyond the Flying Circus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Monty_Python_projects" title="List of Monty Python projects">List of Monty Python projects</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Live_shows_with_original_cast">Live shows with original cast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Live shows with original cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The members of Monty Python embarked on a series of stage shows during and after the television series. These mostly consisted of sketches from the series, though they also revived material which predated it. One such sketch was the <a href="/wiki/Four_Yorkshiremen_sketch" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Yorkshiremen sketch">Four Yorkshiremen sketch</a>, written by Cleese and Chapman with <a href="/wiki/Marty_Feldman" title="Marty Feldman">Marty Feldman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Brooke-Taylor" title="Tim Brooke-Taylor">Tim Brooke-Taylor</a>, and originally performed for <i><a href="/wiki/At_Last_the_1948_Show" title="At Last the 1948 Show">At Last the 1948 Show</a></i>; the sketch subsequently became part of the live Python repertoire. The shows also included songs from collaborator <a href="/wiki/Neil_Innes" title="Neil Innes">Neil Innes</a>. </p><p>Recordings of four of these stage shows have subsequently appeared as separate works: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_at_Drury_Lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Monty Python Live at Drury Lane">Monty Python Live at Drury Lane</a> (aka Monty Python Live at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane), released in the UK in 1974 as their fifth record album</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_at_City_Center" title="Monty Python Live at City Center">Monty Python Live at City Center</a>, performed in New York City and released as a record in 1976 in the US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_at_the_Hollywood_Bowl" title="Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl">Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl</a>, recorded in Los Angeles in 1980 and released as a film in 1982</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_(Mostly)" title="Monty Python Live (Mostly)">Monty Python Live (Mostly): One Down, Five to Go</a>, the troupe's reunion/farewell show, ran for 10 shows at <a href="/wiki/The_O2_Arena" title="The O2 Arena">The O2 Arena</a> in London in July 2014. The final performance on 20 July was live streamed to cinemas worldwide. A re-edited version was later released on Blu-ray, DVD and double Compact Disc; the CD version is exclusive to the deluxe version of the release which contains all three formats on four discs housed in a 60-page hardback book.</li></ol> <p>Graham Chapman and Michael Palin also performed on stage at the <a href="/wiki/Concerts_at_Knebworth_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Concerts at Knebworth House">Knebworth Festival</a> in 1975 with <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_adaptation">French adaptation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: French adaptation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, a troupe of actors headed by Rémy Renoux translated and "adapted" a stage version of <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i> into French. Usually the original actors defended their material very closely, but given in this case the "adaptation" and also the translation into French (with subtitles), the group supported this production. The adapted material largely adhered to the original text, primarily deviating when it came to ending a sketch, something the Python members themselves changed many times over the course of their stage performances.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Language differences also occur in the lyrics of several songs. For example, "<a href="/wiki/Sit_on_My_Face" title="Sit on My Face">Sit on My Face</a>" (which translated into French would be "Asseyez-vous sur mon visage") becomes "cum in my mouth".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_reviews">Initial reviews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Initial reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the broadcast of the first episode, British newspapers printed brief reviews of the new program. Reviewers had mixed opinions. One wrote that the show was "absurd and frivolous", and that it did not "offer anything very new or exciting".<sup id="cite_ref-CovEvTel06101969KAB_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CovEvTel06101969KAB-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another described the show as "enjoyably Goonish", saying that not all of the material was "scintillating" but that "there was enough packed into the 30 minutes to raise a few laughs."<sup id="cite_ref-LeicMerc06101969TJD_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeicMerc06101969TJD-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Reading Evening Post's columnist was more enthusiastic, calling the show "much-needed comedy" and noting that "The real laughs, for me, came from the crazy cartoon and photo-montage work".<sup id="cite_ref-ReadEvPost06101969Slater_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReadEvPost06101969Slater-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the series continued, reviews became more positive. After the third episode, the Guardian's television columnist described the show as "undoubtedly the high spot of a lot of viewers' weekend", saying the humour was "whacky rather than satiric."<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian20101969Reynolds_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian20101969Reynolds-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A week later, the Observer's reviewer gave the series a "strong recommendation", saying "The material, despite a tendency to prolong a good idea beyond its natural length, is of a high standard, but what lifts the show out of an honourable rut is its extraordinary use of animated cartoons."<sup id="cite_ref-Observer26Oct1969Melly_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Observer26Oct1969Melly-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However this positive view was by no means unanimous. An Evening Standard reviewer complained that "last week it almost crushed my enthusiasm and loyalty forever by transmitting a number of dismal skits that were little more than broad, obvious slapstick."<sup id="cite_ref-EvStand19691105Shulman_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EvStand19691105Shulman-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Award</th> <th>Category</th> <th>Nominee(s)</th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">1970</td> <td rowspan="10"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_TV_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA TV Award">BAFTA TV Award</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Special Award</td> <td><i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">For the production, writing and performances.</span></td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">For the graphics.</span></td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Light Entertainment</td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Davies" title="John Howard Davies">John Howard Davies</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ian_MacNaughton" title="Ian MacNaughton">Ian MacNaughton</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Light Entertainment Personality</td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Script</td> <td>Writing Team</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1971</td> <td>Best Light Entertainment Performance</td> <td>John Cleese</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Light Entertainment Production</td> <td>Ian MacNaughton</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1973</td> <td>Best Light Entertainment Performance</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python" title="Monty Python">Monty Python</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Light Entertainment Programme</td> <td>Ian MacNaughton</td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975</td> <td>Best Light Entertainment Programme</td> <td>Ian MacNaughton</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td>Online Film & Television Association Awards</td> <td>OFTA TV Hall of Fame</td> <td><i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i></td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Recorded in 1998 as <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_at_Aspen" title="Monty Python Live at Aspen">Monty Python Live at Aspen</a></i>, the group received the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> Star Award. </p><p><i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i> placed fifth on a list of the <a href="/wiki/BFI_TV_100" title="BFI TV 100">BFI TV 100</a>, drawn up by the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a> in 2000, and voted for by industry professionals. </p><p>In a list of the 50 Greatest British Sketches released by <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> in 2005, five Monty Python sketches made the list:<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>2: "<a href="/wiki/Dead_Parrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead Parrot">Dead Parrot</a>"</li> <li>12: "<a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Inquisition_(Monty_Python)" title="The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python)">The Spanish Inquisition</a>"</li> <li>15: "<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Silly_Walks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Silly Walks">Ministry of Silly Walks</a>"</li> <li>31: "<a href="/wiki/Nudge_Nudge" title="Nudge Nudge">Nudge Nudge</a>"</li> <li>49: "<a href="/wiki/The_Lumberjack_Song" title="The Lumberjack Song">The Lumberjack Song</a>"</li></ul> <p>In 2004<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2007, <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i> was ranked #5 and #6 on TV Guide's Top Cult Shows Ever.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine included the show on its 2007 list of the "100 Best TV Shows of All Time".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, the programme was ranked #58 on TV Guide's list of the 60 Best Series of All Time,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America" title="Writers Guild of America">Writers Guild of America</a> ranked it #79 – along with <i><a href="/wiki/Upstairs,_Downstairs_(1971_TV_series)" title="Upstairs, Downstairs (1971 TV series)">Upstairs, Downstairs</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock_Presents" title="Alfred Hitchcock Presents">Alfred Hitchcock Presents</a></i> – on their list of the 101 Best Written TV Series.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Monty_Python#Cultural_influence_and_legacy" title="Monty Python">Monty Python § Cultural influence and legacy</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a>, creator of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a></i> and co-writer of the "<a href="/wiki/Patient_Abuse" title="Patient Abuse">Patient Abuse</a>" sketch, once said "I loved Monty Python's Flying Circus. For years I wanted to be John Cleese, I was most disappointed when I found out the job had been taken."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lorne_Michaels" title="Lorne Michaels">Lorne Michaels</a> counts the show as a major influence on his <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i> sketches.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cleese and Palin re-enacted the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Parrot_sketch" title="Dead Parrot sketch">Dead Parrot sketch</a> on <i>SNL</i> in 1997. </p><p>The show was a major influence on the Danish <a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult</a> sketch show <i><a href="/wiki/Casper_%26_Mandrilaftalen" title="Casper & Mandrilaftalen">Casper & Mandrilaftalen</a></i> (1999)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Cleese starred in its 50th episode.<sup id="cite_ref-dfi-mandrillen_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dfi-mandrillen-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In computing, the term <a href="/wiki/Spam_(electronic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spam (electronic)">spam</a> and the name of the <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python programming language</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are both derived from the series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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.cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2016/08/02/fred-tomlinson-singer-on-monty-python--obituary/">"Fred Tomlinson, singer on Monty Python – obituary"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. 2 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2016/08/02/fred-tomlinson-singer-on-monty-python--obituary/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Fred+Tomlinson%2C+singer+on+Monty+Python+%E2%80%93+obituary&rft.date=2016-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fobituaries%2F2016%2F08%2F02%2Ffred-tomlinson-singer-on-monty-python--obituary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlotnik2016" class="citation news cs1">Slotnik, Daniel E. (4 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/05/arts/television/fred-tomlinson-monty-python-singer-dies-at-88.html?_r=0">"Fred Tomlinson, Singer Who Led a 'Monty Python' Troupe, Dies at 88"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808223957/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/05/arts/television/fred-tomlinson-monty-python-singer-dies-at-88.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fred+Tomlinson%2C+Singer+Who+Led+a+%27Monty+Python%27+Troupe%2C+Dies+at+88&rft.date=2016-08-04&rft.aulast=Slotnik&rft.aufirst=Daniel+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F05%2Farts%2Ftelevision%2Ffred-tomlinson-monty-python-singer-dies-at-88.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nlDOICBmhbkC&dq=band+of+the+grenadier+guards+monty+python%27s+flying+circus+the+liberty+bell&pg=PA1295"><i>All Music Guide to Classical Music: The Definitive Guide to Classical Music</i>. San Francisco, CA: Backbeat Books, 2005.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405010158/https://books.google.com/books?id=nlDOICBmhbkC&dq=band+of+the+grenadier+guards+monty+python%27s+flying+circus+the+liberty+bell&pg=PA1295">Archived</a> 5 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved February 11, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/jul/11/monty-python-and-classical-music">Clark, Philip. "Monty Python: Sousa, two-sheds and musical subversions," <i>The Guardian</i>, Friday, July 11, 2014.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201646/https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/jul/11/monty-python-and-classical-music">Archived</a> 12 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved February 12, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term <i>flying circus</i> first being applied to Baron von Richthofen's <a href="/wiki/Jagdgeschwader_1_(World_War_1)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagdgeschwader 1 (World War 1)">Jagdgeschwader 1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palin_2008_650-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palin_2008_650_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palin_2008_650_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalin2008" class="citation book cs1">Palin, Michael (2008). <i>Diaries 1969–1979 : the Python Years / Michael Palin</i>. Griffin. p. 650. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-38488-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-38488-3"><bdi>978-0-312-38488-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diaries+1969%E2%80%931979+%3A+the+Python+Years+%2F+Michael+Palin&rft.pages=650&rft.pub=Griffin&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-312-38488-3&rft.aulast=Palin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpL12ilpDnQ&t=6m20s">"Live At Aspen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Live+At+Aspen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DJpL12ilpDnQ%26t%3D6m20s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead YouTube link tagged February 2022">dead YouTube link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen200813-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen200813_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2008">Larsen 2008</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2008292-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2008292_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2008">Larsen 2008</a>, p. 292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarsen2008288-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarsen2008288_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen2008">Larsen 2008</a>, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gilliam_animation-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gilliam_animation_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/07/terry-gilliam-reveals-the-secrets-of-monty-python-animations.html">"Terry Gilliam Reveals the Secrets of Monty Python Animations: A 1974 How-To Guide"</a>. <i>Open Culture</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190818145141/http://www.openculture.com/2014/07/terry-gilliam-reveals-the-secrets-of-monty-python-animations.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open+Culture&rft.atitle=Terry+Gilliam+Reveals+the+Secrets+of+Monty+Python+Animations%3A+A+1974+How-To+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openculture.com%2F2014%2F07%2Fterry-gilliam-reveals-the-secrets-of-monty-python-animations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sketches "An Appeal from the Vicar of St. Loony-up-the-Cream-Bun-and-Jam", "<a href="/wiki/Colin_%22Bomber%22_Harris_vs_Colin_%22Bomber%22_Harris" title="Colin "Bomber" Harris vs Colin "Bomber" Harris">The One-Man Wrestling Match</a>", "Johann Gambolputty..." and "<a href="/wiki/Argument_Clinic" title="Argument Clinic">Argument Clinic</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZack_Handlen2011" class="citation book cs1">Zack Handlen (2011). <i>If You Like Monty Python...: Here Are Over 200 Movies, TV Shows and Other Oddities That You Will Love</i>. Limelight Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879104320" title="Special:BookSources/9780879104320"><bdi>9780879104320</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=If+You+Like+Monty+Python...%3A+Here+Are+Over+200+Movies%2C+TV+Shows+and+Other+Oddities+That+You+Will+Love&rft.pub=Limelight+Editions&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780879104320&rft.au=Zack+Handlen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapmanCleeseGilliamIdle1989" class="citation book cs1">Chapman, Graham; Cleese, John; Gilliam, Terry; Idle, Eric; Jones, Terry; Palin, Michael (1989). Wilmut, Roger (ed.). <i>The Complete Monty Python's Flying Circus: All the Words, Volume One</i>. New York, New York: Pantheon Books. p. 320 (Appendix). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-72647-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-72647-0"><bdi>0-679-72647-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Monty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus%3A+All+the+Words%2C+Volume+One&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=320+%28Appendix%29&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-679-72647-0&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft.au=Cleese%2C+John&rft.au=Gilliam%2C+Terry&rft.au=Idle%2C+Eric&rft.au=Jones%2C+Terry&rft.au=Palin%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSean_Adams2017" class="citation book cs1">Sean Adams (2017). <i>The Designer's Dictionary of Color</i>. Abrams. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781683350026" title="Special:BookSources/9781683350026"><bdi>9781683350026</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Designer%27s+Dictionary+of+Color&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781683350026&rft.au=Sean+Adams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Terry Gilliam in an interview in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Comics_Journal" title="The Comics Journal">The Comics Journal</a></i> #182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerry_Gilliam2004" class="citation book cs1">Terry Gilliam (2004). David Sterritt, Lucille Rhodes (ed.). <i>Terry Gilliam: Interviews</i> (illustrated ed.). Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578066247" title="Special:BookSources/9781578066247"><bdi>9781578066247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terry+Gilliam%3A+Interviews&rft.pages=80&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Univ.+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781578066247&rft.au=Terry+Gilliam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/features/the_yorkshire_post_video_interview_python_terry_jones_1_2341143">"The Yorkshire Post video interview: Python Terry Jones"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Yorkshire_Post" title="The Yorkshire Post">The Yorkshire Post</a></i>. Leeds, England: Johnston Press. 3 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Yorkshire+Post&rft.atitle=The+Yorkshire+Post+video+interview%3A+Python+Terry+Jones&rft.date=2009-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshirepost.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2Fthe_yorkshire_post_video_interview_python_terry_jones_1_2341143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chapman, et. al., p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalin2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Palin, Michael</a> (2006). <i>Diaries 1969–1979: The Python Years</i>. London, England: <a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>. p. 473.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diaries+1969%E2%80%931979%3A+The+Python+Years&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=473&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Palin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooke2006" class="citation book cs1">Cooke, Bill (2006). <i>Dictionary of Atheism, Skepticism, and Humanism</i>. Amherst, New York: <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Prometheus Books</a>. p. 349. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781615923656" title="Special:BookSources/9781615923656"><bdi>9781615923656</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Atheism%2C+Skepticism%2C+and+Humanism&rft.place=Amherst%2C+New+York&rft.pages=349&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781615923656&rft.aulast=Cooke&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irish_times_50th-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-irish_times_50th_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-irish_times_50th_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-irish_times_50th_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-irish_times_50th_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawson2019" class="citation news cs1">Lawson, Mark (7 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/tv-radio-web/monty-python-bbc-archive-reveals-the-secrets-behind-the-sketches-1.4042455">"Monty Python: BBC archive reveals the secrets behind the sketches"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191007122423/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/tv-radio-web/monty-python-bbc-archive-reveals-the-secrets-behind-the-sketches-1.4042455">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Monty+Python%3A+BBC+archive+reveals+the+secrets+behind+the+sketches&rft.date=2019-10-07&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Ftv-radio-web%2Fmonty-python-bbc-archive-reveals-the-secrets-behind-the-sketches-1.4042455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent_BBC-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-independent_BBC_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent_BBC_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent_BBC_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent_BBC_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerkaik2009" class="citation web cs1">Verkaik, Robert (1 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/bbc-bosses-almost-lost-faith-in-disgusting-monty-python-1693829.html">"BBC bosses almost lost faith in 'disgusting' Monty Python"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191007145926/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/bbc-bosses-almost-lost-faith-in-disgusting-monty-python-1693829.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=BBC+bosses+almost+lost+faith+in+%27disgusting%27+Monty+Python&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft.aulast=Verkaik&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fbbc-bosses-almost-lost-faith-in-disgusting-monty-python-1693829.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph_bbc-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_bbc_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_bbc_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_bbc_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_bbc_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHastings2006" class="citation web cs1">Hastings, Chris (10 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1536448/What-the-BBC-really-thought-of-Monty-Python.html">"What the BBC really thought of Monty Python"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191007145052/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1536448/What-the-BBC-really-thought-of-Monty-Python.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=What+the+BBC+really+thought+of+Monty+Python&rft.date=2006-12-10&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1536448%2FWhat-the-BBC-really-thought-of-Monty-Python.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapmanCleeseGilliamIdle2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Chapman" title="Graham Chapman">Chapman, Graham</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">Cleese, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Gilliam, Terry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eric_Idle" title="Eric Idle">Idle, Eric</a>; <a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Jones, Terry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Palin, Michael</a> (2003). McCabe, Bob (ed.). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Pythons_Autobiography_by_the_Pythons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Pythons Autobiography by the Pythons (page does not exist)">The Pythons Autobiography by the Pythons</a></i>. London, England: <a href="/wiki/Orion_Publishing_Group" title="Orion Publishing Group">Orion Publishing Group</a>. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-75285-293-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-75285-293-0"><bdi>0-75285-293-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pythons+Autobiography+by+the+Pythons&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Orion+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-75285-293-0&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft.au=Cleese%2C+John&rft.au=Gilliam%2C+Terry&rft.au=Idle%2C+Eric&rft.au=Jones%2C+Terry&rft.au=Palin%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOuzounian2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ouzounian" title="Richard Ouzounian">Ouzounian, Richard</a> (16 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929171724/http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar%2FLayout%2FArticle_Type1&call_pageid=971358637177&c=Article&cid=1152963371205">"Python still has legs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar%2FLayout%2FArticle_Type1&call_pageid=971358637177&c=Article&cid=1152963371205">the original</a> on 29 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Python+still+has+legs&rft.date=2006-07-16&rft.aulast=Ouzounian&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2FNASApp%2Fcs%2FContentServer%3Fpagename%3Dthestar%252FLayout%252FArticle_Type1%26call_pageid%3D971358637177%26c%3DArticle%26cid%3D1152963371205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924083429/http://orangecow.org/pythonet/sketches/package.htm">"Travel Agent / Watney's Red Barrell"</a>. www.orangecow.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orangecow.org/pythonet/sketches/package.htm">the original</a> on 24 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Travel+Agent+%2F+Watney%27s+Red+Barrell&rft.pub=www.orangecow.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orangecow.org%2Fpythonet%2Fsketches%2Fpackage.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dr.dk/tv/se/monty-python-s-flying-circus-eps-1-45/monty-python-s-flying-circus-3/monty-python-s-flying-circus-27">"Monty Python's Flying Circus (27)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181108105206/https://www.dr.dk/tv/se/monty-python-s-flying-circus-eps-1-45/monty-python-s-flying-circus-3/monty-python-s-flying-circus-27">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus+%2827%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dr.dk%2Ftv%2Fse%2Fmonty-python-s-flying-circus-eps-1-45%2Fmonty-python-s-flying-circus-3%2Fmonty-python-s-flying-circus-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonty_Python1971" class="citation web cs1">Monty Python (18 December 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8Ija4Dec7o">"Monty Python – political choreographer"</a>. Spiny Norman<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monty+Python+%E2%80%93+political+choreographer&rft.pub=Spiny+Norman&rft.date=1971-12-18&rft.au=Monty+Python&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D_8Ija4Dec7o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead YouTube link tagged February 2022">dead YouTube link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonty_Python1971" class="citation web cs1">Monty Python (18 December 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4KO4_feIKO0">"Lost Sketch- Choreographed Party Political Broadcast from WTTW-11"</a>. <i>Lost Sketch- Choreographed Party Political Broadcast – Monty Python's Flying Circus WTTW Channel</i>. MontyPythoNET<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lost+Sketch-+Choreographed+Party+Political+Broadcast+%E2%80%93+Monty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus+WTTW+Channel&rft.atitle=Lost+Sketch-+Choreographed+Party+Political+Broadcast+from+WTTW-11&rft.date=1971-12-18&rft.au=Monty+Python&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4KO4_feIKO0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead YouTube link tagged February 2022">dead YouTube link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/35399/complete-monty-pythons-flying-circus-collectors-edition-megaset-the/">"DVD Talk Review: The Complete Monty Python's Flying Circus – Collectors Edition Megaset"</a>. 18 November 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227093053/http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/35399/complete-monty-pythons-flying-circus-collectors-edition-megaset-the/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DVD+Talk+Review%3A+The+Complete+Monty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus+%E2%80%93+Collectors+Edition+Megaset&rft.date=2008-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvdtalk.com%2Freviews%2F35399%2Fcomplete-monty-pythons-flying-circus-collectors-edition-megaset-the%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sotcaa.org/history/ukonline/python_frame.html?/history/ukonline/python/python_tv_03.html">"Edit News: Monty Python's Flying Circus"</a>. <i>Some Of The Corpses Are Amusing</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190702003938/http://sotcaa.org/history/ukonline/python_frame.html?/history/ukonline/python/python_tv_03.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Some+Of+The+Corpses+Are+Amusing&rft.atitle=Edit+News%3A+Monty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsotcaa.org%2Fhistory%2Fukonline%2Fpython_frame.html%3F%2Fhistory%2Fukonline%2Fpython%2Fpython_tv_03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWurm" class="citation web cs1">Wurm, Gerald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.movie-censorship.com/report.php?ID=159041">"Monty Python's Flying Circus (Comparison: Old DVDs (Sony / A&E) - Blu-ray (Network)) - Movie-Censorship.com"</a>. <i>www.movie-censorship.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005163625/https://www.movie-censorship.com/report.php?ID=159041">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.movie-censorship.com&rft.atitle=Monty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus+%28Comparison%3A+Old+DVDs+%28Sony+%2F+A%26E%29+-+Blu-ray+%28Network%29%29+-+Movie-Censorship.com&rft.aulast=Wurm&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.movie-censorship.com%2Freport.php%3FID%3D159041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montypython.networkonair.com/flyingcircushd">"Monty Python's Flying Circus"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190723131156/https://montypython.networkonair.com/flyingcircushd">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontypython.networkonair.com%2Fflyingcircushd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCult2019" class="citation web cs1">Cult, We Are (21 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wearecult.rocks/monty-pythons-flying-circus-special-features-revealed">"Monty Python's Flying Circus Special Features Revealed! » We Are Cult"</a>. <i>We Are Cult</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813114235/https://wearecult.rocks/monty-pythons-flying-circus-special-features-revealed">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online+News&rft.atitle=Monty+Python+learns+French&rft.date=2003-08-03&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2Farts%2F3112625.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis,_Clive2005" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Clive (31 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240504070043/https://www.the-tls.co.uk/">"Monty Python's Flying Circus – At Last, in French"</a>. <i>The Times Online</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+Guide&rft.atitle=TV+Guide+Magazine%27s+60+Best+Series+of+All+Time&rft.date=2013-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvguide.com%2Fnews%2Ftv-guide-magazine-60-best-series-1074962%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wga.org/writers-room/101-best-lists/101-best-written-tv-series/list">"101 Best Written TV Series"</a>. <i>Writers Guild of America West</i>. 2 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429170702/https://www.wga.org/writers-room/101-best-lists/101-best-written-tv-series/list">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Writers+Guild+of+America+West&rft.atitle=101+Best+Written+TV+Series&rft.date=2013-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wga.org%2Fwriters-room%2F101-best-lists%2F101-best-written-tv-series%2Flist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0010930/bio?ref_=nm_dyk_qt_sm#quotes">"Douglas Adams – Biography – IMdb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150408152518/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0010930/bio?ref_=nm_dyk_qt_sm#quotes">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Douglas+Adams+%E2%80%93+Biography+%E2%80%93+IMdb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0010930%2Fbio%3Fref_%3Dnm_dyk_qt_sm%23quotes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0584427/bio?ref_=nm_ql_1">"Lorne Michaels – Biography – IMDb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128112302/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0584427/bio?ref_=nm_ql_1">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Lorne+Michaels+%E2%80%93+Biography+%E2%80%93+IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0584427%2Fbio%3Fref_%3Dnm_ql_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hansen, Helle Kastholm (2 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ekstrabladet.dk/ekstra/ekstra-kendte/lars-hjortshoej-mine-boern-saetter-mig-paa-plads/6593764">"LARS HJORTSHØJ: Mine børn sætter mig på plads"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ekstra_Bladet" title="Ekstra Bladet">Ekstra Bladet</a></i> (in Danish). <a href="/wiki/JP/Politikens_Hus" title="JP/Politikens Hus">JP/Politikens Hus</a>. p. 16 (4th section). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170501050649/http://ekstrabladet.dk/ekstra/ekstra-kendte/lars-hjortshoej-mine-boern-saetter-mig-paa-plads/6593764">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekstra+Bladet&rft.atitle=LARS+HJORTSH%C3%98J%3A+Mine+b%C3%B8rn+s%C3%A6tter+mig+p%C3%A5+plads&rft.pages=16+%284th+section%29&rft.date=2017-04-02&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Helle+Kastholm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fekstrabladet.dk%2Fekstra%2Fekstra-kendte%2Flars-hjortshoej-mine-boern-saetter-mig-paa-plads%2F6593764&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dfi-mandrillen-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dfi-mandrillen_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfi.dk/faktaomfilm/film/da/77461.aspx?id=77461">Casper & mandrilaftalen</a>". <i>Casper & Mandrilaftalen (DK, 1999)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007011850/http://www.dfi.dk/faktaomfilm/film/da/77461.aspx?id=77461">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"K'nyt: Cleese i Mandrillen". <i><a href="/wiki/Dagbladet_Information" title="Dagbladet Information">Dagbladet Information</a></i> (in Danish). 4 September 1999. p. 9 (1st section). <q>I aftes, fredag, optrådte den store engelske komiker John Cleese som gæst i 'Casper og Mandrilaftalen'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dagbladet+Information&rft.atitle=K%27nyt%3A+Cleese+i+Mandrillen&rft.pages=9+%281st+section%29&rft.date=1999-09-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.python.org/doc/faq/general/">"General Python FAQ — Python 2.7.10 documentation"</a>. <i>python.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060518171158/https://www.python.org/doc/faq/general/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=python.org&rft.atitle=General+Python+FAQ+%E2%80%94+Python+2.7.10+documentation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.python.org%2Fdoc%2Ffaq%2Fgeneral%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandy2005" class="citation book cs1">Landy, Marcia (2005). <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i>. Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-3103-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-3103-3"><bdi>0-8143-3103-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8143-3103-3&rft.aulast=Landy&rft.aufirst=Marcia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarsen2008" class="citation book cs1">Larsen, Darl (2008). <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus: An Utterly Complete, Thoroughly Unillustrated, Absolutely Unauthorized Guide to Possibly All the References From Arthur "Two Sheds" Jackson to Zambesi</i>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810861312" title="Special:BookSources/9780810861312"><bdi>9780810861312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus%3A+An+Utterly+Complete%2C+Thoroughly+Unillustrated%2C+Absolutely+Unauthorized+Guide+to+Possibly+All+the+References+From+Arthur+%22Two+Sheds%22+Jackson+to+Zambesi&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780810861312&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=Darl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>Larsen, Darl. <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus: An Utterly Complete, Thoroughly Unillustrated, Absolutely Unauthorized Guide to Possibly All the References from Arthur "Two Sheds" Jackson to Zambesi</i>, Volumes 1 and 2. Scarecrow Press, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781589797123" title="Special:BookSources/9781589797123">9781589797123</a> (vol. 1) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781589798076" title="Special:BookSources/9781589798076">9781589798076</a> (vol. 2)</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="/wiki/Template:Monty_Python" title="Template:Monty Python"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monty_Python" title="Template talk:Monty Python"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monty_Python" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monty Python"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monty_Python" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python" title="Monty Python">Monty Python</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Graham_Chapman" title="Graham Chapman">Graham Chapman</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eric_Idle" title="Eric Idle">Eric Idle</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Terry Jones</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Cleveland" title="Carol Cleveland">Carol Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Innes" title="Neil Innes">Neil Innes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flying Circus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_episodes" title="List of Monty Python's Flying Circus episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Fliegender_Zirkus" title="Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus">Fliegender Zirkus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Personal_Best" title="Monty Python's Personal Best">Personal Best</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/And_Now_for_Something_Completely_Different" title="And Now for Something Completely Different">And Now for Something Completely Different</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_and_the_Holy_Grail" title="Monty Python and the Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Life_of_Brian" title="Monty Python's Life of Brian">Life of Brian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_at_the_Hollywood_Bowl" title="Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl">Live at the Hollywood Bowl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Meaning_of_Life" title="Monty Python's The Meaning of Life">The Meaning of Life</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crimson_Permanent_Assurance" title="The Crimson Permanent Assurance">The Crimson Permanent Assurance</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Monty_Python_Record" title="Another Monty Python Record">Another Record</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Previous_Record" title="Monty Python's Previous Record">Previous Record</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Monty_Python_Matching_Tie_and_Handkerchief" title="The Monty Python Matching Tie and Handkerchief">Matching Tie and Handkerchief</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Album_of_the_Soundtrack_of_the_Trailer_of_the_Film_of_Monty_Python_and_the_Holy_Grail" title="The Album of the Soundtrack of the Trailer of the Film of Monty Python and the Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Life_of_Brian_(album)" title="Monty Python's Life of Brian (album)">Life of Brian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Contractual_Obligation_Album" title="Monty Python's Contractual Obligation Album">Contractual Obligation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Meaning_of_Life_(album)" title="Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (album)">The Meaning of Life</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilation albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Monty_Python_Instant_Record_Collection" title="The Monty Python Instant Record Collection">Instant Record Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Rip_Off" title="The Final Rip Off">Final Rip Off</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Sings" title="Monty Python Sings">Sings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ultimate_Monty_Python_Rip_Off" title="The Ultimate Monty Python Rip Off">Ultimate Rip Off</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Instant_Monty_Python_CD_Collection" title="The Instant Monty Python CD Collection">Instant CD Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Total_Rubbish" title="Monty Python's Total Rubbish">Total Rubbish</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_(album)" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus (album)">Flying Circus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_at_Drury_Lane" title="Live at Drury Lane">Live at Drury Lane</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_at_City_Center" title="Monty Python Live at City Center">Live at City Center</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Parrot_Sketch_Not_Included_%E2%80%93_20_Years_of_Monty_Python" title="Parrot Sketch Not Included – 20 Years of Monty Python">Parrot Sketch Not Included</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_at_Aspen" title="Monty Python Live at Aspen">Live at Aspen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Python_Night_%E2%80%93_30_Years_of_Monty_Python" title="Python Night – 30 Years of Monty Python">Python Night</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pythons_(film)" title="The Pythons (film)">The Pythons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Python" title="Life of Python">Life of Python</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python:_Almost_the_Truth_(Lawyers_Cut)" title="Monty Python: Almost the Truth (Lawyers Cut)">Almost the Truth (Lawyers Cut)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python:_And_Now_for_Something_Rather_Similar" title="Monty Python: And Now for Something Rather Similar">And Now for Something Rather Similar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python:_The_Meaning_of_Live" title="Monty Python: The Meaning of Live">The Meaning of Live</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage productions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Spamalot" title="Spamalot">Spamalot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Not_the_Messiah_(He%27s_a_Very_Naughty_Boy)" title="Not the Messiah (He's a Very Naughty Boy)">Not the Messiah (He's a Very Naughty Boy)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Evening_Without_Monty_Python" title="An Evening Without Monty Python">An Evening Without Monty Python</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_(Mostly)" title="Monty Python Live (Mostly)">Live (Mostly)</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Big_Red_Book" title="Monty Python's Big Red Book">Big Red Book</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Brand_New_Monty_Python_Bok" title="The Brand New Monty Python Bok">Brand New Bok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_and_the_Holy_Grail_(Book)" title="Monty Python and the Holy Grail (Book)">Holy Grail (Book)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Life_of_Brian_/_Monty_Python_Scrapbook" title="Monty Python's The Life of Brian / Monty Python Scrapbook">Life of Brian/SCRAPBOOK</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Meaning_of_Life_(book)" title="Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (book)">The Meaning of Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus:_Just_the_Words" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus: Just the Words">Just the Words</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fairly_Incomplete_%26_Rather_Badly_Illustrated_Monty_Python_Song_Book" title="The Fairly Incomplete & Rather Badly Illustrated Monty Python Song Book">Song Book</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Pocketful_of_Python" title="A Pocketful of Python">A Pocketful of Python</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pythons_Autobiography_by_The_Pythons" title="The Pythons Autobiography by The Pythons">The Pythons Autobiography by The Pythons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live!" title="Monty Python Live!">Live!</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus:_The_Computer_Game" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus: The Computer Game">Flying Circus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Complete_Waste_of_Time" title="Monty Python's Complete Waste of Time">Complete Waste of Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_%26_the_Quest_for_the_Holy_Grail" title="Monty Python & the Quest for the Holy Grail">Quest for the Holy Grail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Meaning_of_Life_(video_game)" title="Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (video game)">The Meaning of Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Cow_Tossing" title="Monty Python's Cow Tossing">Cow Tossing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Ministry_of_Silly_Walks" title="Monty Python's The Ministry of Silly Walks">The Ministry of Silly Walks</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mr_Praline" title="Mr Praline">Mr Praline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Colonel_(Monty_Python)" title="The Colonel (Monty Python)">The Colonel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr_Creosote" title="Mr Creosote">Mr Creosote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_of_Caerbannog" title="Rabbit of Caerbannog">Rabbit of Caerbannog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recurring_Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus_characters" title="List of recurring Monty Python's Flying Circus characters">Other characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_sketches" class="mw-redirect" title="Monty Python sketches">Sketches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albatross_sketch" title="Albatross sketch">Albatross!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Elk%27s_Theory_on_Brontosauruses" title="Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses">Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architects_Sketch" title="Architects Sketch">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_Clinic" title="Argument Clinic">Argument Clinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruces_sketch" title="Bruces sketch">Bruces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_Shop_sketch" title="Cheese Shop sketch">Cheese Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_%22Bomber%22_Harris_vs_Colin_%22Bomber%22_Harris" title="Colin "Bomber" Harris vs Colin "Bomber" Harris">Colin "Bomber" Harris vs Colin "Bomber" Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchy_Frog" title="Crunchy Frog">Crunchy Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Parrot_sketch" title="Dead Parrot sketch">Dead Parrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dirty_Fork" title="The Dirty Fork">Dirty Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Hungarian_Phrasebook" title="Dirty Hungarian Phrasebook">Dirty Hungarian Phrasebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Night_Special" title="Election Night Special">Election Night Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_Licence" title="Fish Licence">Fish Licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fish-Slapping_Dance" title="The Fish-Slapping Dance">Fish-Slapping Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Yorkshiremen_sketch" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Yorkshiremen sketch">Four Yorkshiremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Funniest_Joke_in_the_World" title="The Funniest Joke in the World">The Funniest Joke in the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_Not_to_Be_Seen_sketch" class="mw-redirect" title="How Not to Be Seen sketch">How Not to Be Seen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilimanjaro_Expedition" title="Kilimanjaro Expedition">Kilimanjaro Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_sketch" title="Lifeboat sketch">Lifeboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_Guidance_Counsellor" title="Marriage Guidance Counsellor">Marriage Guidance Counsellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ministry_of_Silly_Walks" title="The Ministry of Silly Walks">Ministry of Silly Walks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mouse_Problem" title="The Mouse Problem">Mouse Problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudge_Nudge" title="Nudge Nudge">Nudge Nudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_Abuse" title="Patient Abuse">Patient Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Philosophers%27_Football_Match" title="The Philosophers' Football Match">Philosophers' Football Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piranha_Brothers" title="Piranha Brothers">Piranha Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Peckinpah%27s_%22Salad_Days%22" title="Sam Peckinpah's "Salad Days"">Sam Peckinpah's "Salad Days"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seduced_Milkmen" title="Seduced Milkmen">Seduced Milkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spam_(Monty_Python_sketch)" title="Spam (Monty Python sketch)">Spam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Inquisition_(Monty_Python)" title="The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python)">Spanish Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undertakers_sketch" title="Undertakers sketch">Undertakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Class_Twit_of_the_Year" title="Upper Class Twit of the Year">Upper Class Twit of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_Guidance_Counsellor" title="Vocational Guidance Counsellor">Vocational Guidance Counsellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Forum/Communist_Quiz" title="World Forum/Communist Quiz">World Forum/Communist Quiz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Always_Look_on_the_Bright_Side_of_Life" title="Always Look on the Bright Side of Life">Always Look on the Bright Side of Life</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Brian_Song" title="Brian Song">Brian Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bruces%27_Philosophers_Song" title="Bruces' Philosophers Song">Bruces' Philosophers Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Decomposing_Composers" title="Decomposing Composers">Decomposing Composers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Eric_the_Half-a-Bee" title="Eric the Half-a-Bee">Eric the Half-a-Bee</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Every_Sperm_Is_Sacred" title="Every Sperm Is Sacred">Every Sperm Is Sacred</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Finland_(song)" title="Finland (song)">Finland</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Song" title="Galaxy Song">Galaxy Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Bet_You_They_Won%27t_Play_This_Song_on_the_Radio" title="I Bet You They Won't Play This Song on the Radio">I Bet You They Won't Play This Song on the Radio</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Like_Chinese" title="I Like Chinese">I Like Chinese</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Got_Two_Legs" title="I've Got Two Legs">I've Got Two Legs</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Lumberjack_Song" title="The Lumberjack Song">The Lumberjack Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Medical_Love_Song" title="Medical Love Song">Medical Love Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell_(song)" title="Oliver Cromwell (song)">Oliver Cromwell</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sit_on_My_Face" title="Sit on My Face">Sit on My Face</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Monty_Python_projects" title="List of Monty Python projects">List of Monty Python projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Foot_of_Cupid" class="mw-redirect" title="The Foot of Cupid">The Foot of Cupid</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Footlights_Revue" title="Cambridge Footlights Revue">Cambridge Circus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Sorry,_I%27ll_Read_That_Again" title="I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again">I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Frost_Report" title="The Frost Report">The Frost Report</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_Last_the_1948_Show" title="At Last the 1948 Show">At Last the 1948 Show</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twice_a_Fortnight" title="Twice a Fortnight">Twice a Fortnight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do_Not_Adjust_Your_Set" title="Do Not Adjust Your Set">Do Not Adjust Your Set</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Have_Ways_of_Making_You_Laugh" title="We Have Ways of Making You Laugh">We Have Ways of Making You Laugh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Broaden_Your_Mind" title="Broaden Your Mind">Broaden Your Mind</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Irritate_People" title="How to Irritate People">How to Irritate People</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_and_Utter_History_of_Britain" title="The Complete and Utter History of Britain">The Complete and Utter History of Britain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fred_Tomlinson_(singer)" title="Fred Tomlinson (singer)">The Fred Tomlinson Singers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teach_Yourself_Heath" title="Teach Yourself Heath">Teach Yourself Heath</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Python_(Monty)_Pictures" title="Python (Monty) Pictures">Python (Monty) Pictures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Tiny_Black_Round_Thing" title="Monty Python's Tiny Black Round Thing">Tiny Black Round Thing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bert_Fegg%27s_Nasty_Book_for_Boys_and_Girls" title="Bert Fegg's Nasty Book for Boys and Girls">Bert Fegg's Nasty Book for Boys and Girls</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rutland_Weekend_Television" title="Rutland Weekend Television">Rutland Weekend Television</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fawlty_Towers" title="Fawlty Towers">Fawlty Towers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ripping_Yarns" title="Ripping Yarns">Ripping Yarns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_Trees" title="Out of the Trees">Out of the Trees</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Poke_in_the_Eye_(With_a_Sharp_Stick)" title="A Poke in the Eye (With a Sharp Stick)">A Poke in the Eye (With a Sharp Stick)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_v._American_Broadcasting_Companies,_Inc." title="Monty Python v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.">Monty Python v. ABC</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Python_On_Song" title="Python On Song">Python On Song</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_You_Need_Is_Cash" title="All You Need Is Cash">All You Need Is Cash</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Policeman%27s_Ball" title="The Secret Policeman's Ball">The Secret Policeman's Ball</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Liar%27s_Autobiography:_Volume_VI" title="A Liar's Autobiography: Volume VI">A Liar's Autobiography: Volume VI</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hastily_Cobbled_Together_for_a_Fast_Buck_Album" title="The Hastily Cobbled Together for a Fast Buck Album">The Hastily Cobbled Together for a Fast Buck Album</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wind_in_the_Willows_(1996_film)" title="The Wind in the Willows (1996 film)">The Wind in the Willows</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live" title="Monty Python Live">Monty Python Live</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concert_for_George" title="Concert for George">Concert for George</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diaries_1969%E2%80%931979:_The_Python_Years" title="Diaries 1969–1979: The Python Years">Diaries 1969–1979: The Python Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seventh_Python" title="The Seventh Python">The Seventh Python</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Flying_Circus" title="Holy Flying Circus">Holy Flying Circus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Liar%27s_Autobiography:_The_Untrue_Story_of_Monty_Python%27s_Graham_Chapman" title="A Liar's Autobiography: The Untrue Story of Monty Python's Graham Chapman">A Liar's Autobiography: The Untrue Story of Monty Python's Graham Chapman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Absolutely_Anything" title="Absolutely Anything">Absolutely Anything</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Graham_Chapman" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Graham_Chapman" title="Template:Graham Chapman"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Graham_Chapman" title="Template talk:Graham Chapman"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Graham_Chapman" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Graham Chapman"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Graham_Chapman" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Chapman" title="Graham Chapman">Graham Chapman</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Christian_(film)" title="The Magic Christian (film)">The Magic Christian</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Rise_of_Michael_Rimmer" title="The Rise and Rise of Michael Rimmer">The Rise and Rise of Michael Rimmer</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/And_Now_for_Something_Completely_Different" title="And Now for Something Completely Different">And Now for Something Completely Different</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_and_the_Holy_Grail" title="Monty Python and the Holy Grail">Monty Python and the Holy Grail</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odd_Job" title="The Odd Job">The Odd Job</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Life_of_Brian" title="Monty Python's Life of Brian">Monty Python's Life of Brian</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_at_the_Hollywood_Bowl" title="Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl">Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Meaning_of_Life" title="Monty Python's The Meaning of Life">Monty Python's The Meaning of Life</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yellowbeard" title="Yellowbeard">Yellowbeard</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jake%27s_Journey" title="Jake's Journey">Jake's Journey</a></i> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Frost_Report" title="The Frost Report">The Frost Report</a></i> (1966–1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_Last_the_1948_Show" title="At Last the 1948 Show">At Last the 1948 Show</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monty Python's Flying Circus</a></i> (1969–1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Fliegender_Zirkus" title="Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus">Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus</a></i> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Liar%27s_Autobiography" class="mw-redirect" title="A Liar's Autobiography">A Liar's Autobiography</a></i> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python" title="Monty Python">Monty Python</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Liar%27s_Autobiography:_The_Untrue_Story_of_Monty_Python%27s_Graham_Chapman" title="A Liar's Autobiography: The Untrue Story of Monty Python's Graham Chapman">A Liar's Autobiography: The Untrue Story of Monty Python's Graham Chapman</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_(Mostly)" title="Monty Python Live (Mostly)">Monty Python Live (Mostly)</a></i> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Terry_Jones" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Terry_Jones" title="Template:Terry Jones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Terry_Jones" title="Template talk:Terry Jones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Terry_Jones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Terry Jones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Terry_Jones" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Terry Jones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bert_Fegg%27s_Nasty_Book_for_Boys_and_Girls" title="Bert Fegg's Nasty Book for Boys and Girls">Bert Fegg's Nasty Book for Boys and Girls</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fairy_Tales_(Jones_book)" title="Fairy Tales (Jones book)">Fairy Tales</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Saga_of_Erik_the_Viking" title="The Saga of Erik the Viking">The Saga of Erik the Viking</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nicobobinus" title="Nicobobinus">Nicobobinus</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams%27s_Starship_Titanic:_A_Novel" title="Douglas Adams's Starship Titanic: A Novel">Douglas Adams's Starship Titanic: A Novel</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evil_Machines" title="Evil Machines">Evil Machines</a></i> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_and_the_Holy_Grail" title="Monty Python and the Holy Grail">Monty Python and the Holy Grail</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Life_of_Brian" title="Monty Python's Life of Brian">Monty Python's Life of Brian</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Meaning_of_Life" title="Monty Python's The Meaning of Life">Monty Python's The Meaning of Life</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Personal_Services" title="Personal Services">Personal Services</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Viking" title="Erik the Viking">Erik the Viking</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wind_in_the_Willows_(1996_film)" title="The Wind in the Willows (1996 film)">The Wind in the Willows</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Absolutely_Anything" title="Absolutely Anything">Absolutely Anything</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films written only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/And_Now_for_Something_Completely_Different" title="And Now for Something Completely Different">And Now for Something Completely Different</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_at_the_Hollywood_Bowl" title="Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl">Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Labyrinth_(1986_film)" title="Labyrinth (1986 film)">Labyrinth</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_Live_(Mostly)" title="Monty Python Live (Mostly)">Monty Python Live (Mostly)</a></i> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_and_Utter_History_of_Britain" title="The Complete and Utter History of Britain">The Complete and Utter History of Britain</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monty Python's Flying Circus</a></i> (1969–1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Fliegender_Zirkus" title="Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus">Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ripping_Yarns" title="Ripping Yarns">Ripping Yarns</a></i> (1976–1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crusades_(TV_series)" title="Crusades (TV series)">Crusades</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blazing_Dragons" title="Blazing Dragons">Blazing Dragons</a></i> (1996–1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Inventions" title="Ancient Inventions">Ancient Inventions</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones%27_Medieval_Lives" title="Terry Jones' Medieval Lives">Terry Jones' Medieval Lives</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_1" title="The Story of 1">The Story of 1</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones%27_Barbarians" title="Terry Jones' Barbarians">Terry Jones' Barbarians</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boom_Bust_Boom" title="Boom Bust Boom">Boom Bust Boom</a></i> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python_%26_the_Quest_for_the_Holy_Grail" title="Monty Python & the Quest for the Holy Grail">Monty Python & the Quest for the Holy Grail</a></i> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16401#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16401#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16401#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/305699369">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/190889527">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4375260-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88253100">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15030527w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15030527w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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