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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="فيليب أبيلسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيليب أبيلسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="فیلیپ آبلسون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیلیپ آبلسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Hauge_Abelson" title="Philip Hauge Abelson – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Philip Hauge Abelson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Philip Abelson" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Hauge_Abelson" title="Philip Hauge Abelson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philip Hauge Abelson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Hauge_Abelson" title="Philip Hauge Abelson – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Philip Hauge Abelson" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Hauge_Abelson" title="Philip Hauge Abelson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Philip Hauge Abelson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Hauge_Abelson" title="Philip Hauge Abelson – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Philip Hauge Abelson" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="فیلیپ آبلسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلیپ آبلسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philip Abelson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BA_%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ֆիլիպ Աբելսոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիլիպ Աբելսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Philip Abelson" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Hauge_Abelson" title="Philip Hauge Abelson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Philip Hauge Abelson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פיליפ אייבלסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיליפ אייבלסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF.%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D.%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪಿ.ಎಚ್.ಅಬೇಲ್ಸನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಿ.ಎಚ್.ಅಬೇಲ್ಸನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="فيليب ابيلسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيليب ابيلسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Philip Abelson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="フィリップ・アベルソン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィリップ・アベルソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Philip Abelson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Philip Abelson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Philip Abelson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Philip Abelson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Абельсон, Филип Хауге – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абельсон, Филип Хауге" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Hauge_Abelson" title="Philip Hauge Abelson – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Philip Hauge Abelson" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_H._Abelson" title="Philip H. Abelson – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Philip H. Abelson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Philip Abelson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Philip Abelson" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Hauge_Abelson" title="Philip Hauge Abelson – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Philip Hauge Abelson" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Філіп Абельсон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Філіп Абельсон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E6%A3%AE" title="菲利普·埃布尔森 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="菲利普·埃布尔森" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American physicist and scientific editor (1913–2004)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Philip Abelson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Phillip_H._Abelson_450901-N-NO204-0001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Phillip_H._Abelson_450901-N-NO204-0001.jpg/220px-Phillip_H._Abelson_450901-N-NO204-0001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Phillip_H._Abelson_450901-N-NO204-0001.jpg/330px-Phillip_H._Abelson_450901-N-NO204-0001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Phillip_H._Abelson_450901-N-NO204-0001.jpg/440px-Phillip_H._Abelson_450901-N-NO204-0001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1617" data-file-height="2004" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Philip Abelson</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">April 27, 1913<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma, Washington</a>, United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 1, 2004 (aged 91)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, Maryland</a>, United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_University" title="Washington State University">Washington State University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Discovery of <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isotope_separation" title="Isotope separation">isotope separation</a> techniques</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Prize" title="Kalinga Prize">Kalinga Prize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Medal" title="Public Welfare Medal">Public Welfare Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush_Award" title="Vannevar Bush Award">Vannevar Bush Award</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996)</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">Nuclear physics</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Philip Hauge Abelson</b> (April 27, 1913 – August 1, 2004) was an American <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">scientific editor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_writer" class="mw-redirect" title="Science writer">science writer</a>. Trained as a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear physicist">nuclear physicist</a>, he co-discovered the element <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a>, worked on <a href="/wiki/Isotope_separation" title="Isotope separation">isotope separation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>, and wrote the first study of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_marine_propulsion" title="Nuclear marine propulsion">nuclear marine propulsion</a> for submarines. He later worked on a broad range of scientific topics and related <a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">public policy</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Organic_geochemistry" title="Organic geochemistry">organic geochemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleobiology" title="Paleobiology">paleobiology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Energy_policy" title="Energy policy">energy policy</a>. </p><p>Abelson served as <a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">editor-in-chief</a> of the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> from 1962–84, president of the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_of_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Institution of Washington">Carnegie Institution of Washington</a> from 1971–78, and president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Geophysical_Union" title="American Geophysical Union">American Geophysical Union</a> from 1972-74. His frequent <a href="/wiki/Editorial" title="Editorial">editorials</a> in <i>Science</i>, both during and after his term as editor, became known for their strident and thought-provoking views. A collection of 100 of his editorials was published as a book, entitled <i>Enough of Pessimism</i>. He may have been the original source of the phrase '<a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_claims_require_extraordinary_evidence" title="Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence">extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence</a>'. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Abelson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abelson was born on April 27, 1913,<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma, Washington</a>. He attended <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_University" title="Washington State University">Washington State University</a>, where he received degrees in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> (UC Berkeley), where he earned his PhD in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a>. As a young physicist, he worked for <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a> at the UC Berkeley. He was among the first American scientists to verify <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">nuclear fission</a> in an article submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a> in February 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1939 until 1941, he worked as an assistant physicist at the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Institution">Carnegie Institution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> It was while he was here that he worked on a substance that emitted <a href="/wiki/Beta_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta rays">beta rays</a> and was produced by irradiation of <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> with <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a>. After he collaborated with the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize laureate">Nobel Prize laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Alvarez</a> they isolated the material, and became the co-discoverer of <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a> on 8 June 1940 with <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McMillan was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> for this discovery among other elements. </p><p>Abelson was a key contributor to the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, while working with the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Research_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Research Laboratory">Naval Research Laboratory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he was not formally associated with the <a href="/wiki/Atom_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom bomb">atom bomb</a> project, the <a href="/wiki/Thermophoresis" title="Thermophoresis">liquid thermal diffusion</a> <a href="/wiki/Isotope_separation" title="Isotope separation">isotope separation</a> technique that he invented at the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Navy_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Navy Yard">Philadelphia Navy Yard</a> was used in the <a href="/wiki/S-50_(Manhattan_Project)" title="S-50 (Manhattan Project)">S-50 plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee" title="Oak Ridge, Tennessee">Oak Ridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, and proved a critical step in creating the large amount of nuclear fuel required for building atomic bombs. </p><p>After the war, he turned his attention under the guidance of <a href="/wiki/Ross_Gunn" title="Ross Gunn">Ross Gunn</a> to applying <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> to <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_marine_propulsion" title="Nuclear marine propulsion">naval propulsion</a>. While not written at an engineering-design level, he wrote the first physics report detailing how a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactor</a> could be installed in a <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a>, providing both <a href="/wiki/Marine_propulsion" title="Marine propulsion">propulsion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_power" title="Electric power">electrical power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His report anticipated the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_submarine" title="Nuclear submarine">nuclear submarine</a>'s role as a <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">missile platform</a>. This concept was later supported by <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyman_G._Rickover" title="Hyman G. Rickover">Hyman G. Rickover</a> and others. Under Rickover, the concept became reality in the form of <a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)" title="USS Nautilus (SSN-571)">USS <i>Nautilus</i></a>, the world's first nuclear submarine.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, he returned to work at the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Institution">Carnegie Institution</a>, which published his report "Atomic Energy Submarine," in March of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1953 until 1971 he served as the director of the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institution_of_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Institution of Washington">Carnegie Institution of Washington</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Geophysical_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Geophysical Laboratory">Geophysical Laboratory</a>, and as president from 1971 to 1978, and as a trustee from 1978 on.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1962 to 1984 he was editor of <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>, one of the most prestigious <a href="/wiki/Academic_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic journals">academic journals</a>, and served as its acting <a href="/wiki/Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">executive officer</a> in 1974, 1975 and 1984. From 1972 until 1974 he served as the president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Geophysical_Union" title="American Geophysical Union">American Geophysical Union</a>. </p><p>Abelson was outspoken and well known for his opinions on science. In a 1964 editorial published in <i>Science</i> magazine, Abelson identified <a href="/wiki/Overspecialization" title="Overspecialization">overspecialization</a> in science as a form of <a href="/wiki/Bigotry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bigotry">bigotry</a>. He outlined his view that the pressure towards specialization beginning in undergraduate study and intensifying in PhD programs leads students to believe that their area of specialization is the most important, even to the extreme view that other intellectual pursuits are worthless. He reasoned that such overspecialization led to obsolescence of one's work, often through a focus on trivial aspects of a field, and that avoidance of such bigotry was essential to guiding the direction of one's work.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 1965 article he described his work in <a href="/wiki/Paleobiology" title="Paleobiology">paleobiology</a> and reported evidence of <a href="/wiki/Amino_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Amino acids">amino acids</a> recovered from <a href="/wiki/Fossils" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossils">fossils</a> hundreds of millions of years in age and <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a> in rocks dating over a billion years old.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He estimated that based on his experiments <a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine">alanine</a> would be stable for billions of years. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abelson may have been the original source of the phrase '<a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_claims_require_extraordinary_evidence" title="Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence">extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence</a>', which he used in 1978 and was subsequently popularised by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usnews78_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usnews78-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perhaps his most famous work from this time period is an editorial entitled "Enough of Pessimism" ("enough of pessimism, it only leads to paralysis and decay"). This became the title of a 100 essay collection.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1970s he became interested in the problem of world energy supplies. Books on the topic include <i>Energy for Tomorrow</i> (1975), from a series of lectures at the University of Washington, and <i>Energy II: Use Conservation and Supply</i>. He pointed out the possibilities of mining the <a href="/wiki/Athabascan_tar_sands" class="mw-redirect" title="Athabascan tar sands">Athabascan tar sands</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">oil shale</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rockies</a>. In addition, he urged conservation and a change of attitude towards public transit.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1984, he remained associated with the magazine. Some have claimed him to be an early <a href="/wiki/Global_warming_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming controversy">skeptic</a> of the case for <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> on the basis of a lead editorial in the magazine dated March 31, 1990, in which he wrote, "[I]f the global warming situation is analyzed applying the customary standards of scientific inquiry one must conclude that there has been more hype than solid fact." However, this contrasts what is said in a US National Research Council, Energy and Environment report on which his name appears along with Thomas F. Malone over a decade earlier in 1977: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>What is important is not that there are differences [in the models] but that the span of agreement embraces a fourfold to eightfold increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in the latter part of the twenty-second century. Our best understanding of the relation between an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and change in global temperature suggests a corresponding increase in average world temperature of more than 6°C, with polar temperature increases of as much as three times this figure. This would exceed by far the temperature fluctuations of the past several thousand years and would very likely, along the way, have a highly significant impact on global precipitation.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Philip H. Abelson, Thomas F. Malone, Cochairmen, Geophysics Study Committee<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Abelson died on August 1, 2004, from respiratory complications following a brief illness. He was married to <a href="/wiki/Neva_Abelson" title="Neva Abelson">Neva Abelson</a>, a distinguished research <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> who co-discovered the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rh_blood_factor_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rh blood factor test (page does not exist)">Rh blood factor test</a> (with <a href="/wiki/L._K._Diamond" class="mw-redirect" title="L. K. Diamond">L. K. Diamond</a>). Their daughter, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Abelson_Cherniavsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Abelson Cherniavsky (page does not exist)">Ellen Abelson Cherniavsky</a>, worked as an <a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a> researcher for the <a href="/wiki/MITRE" class="mw-redirect" title="MITRE">MITRE</a> corporation in <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_legacy">Awards and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Abelson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Awards and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abelson received many distinguished awards, including the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> in 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distinguished_Achievement_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distinguished Achievement Award (page does not exist)">Distinguished Achievement Award</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a>'s <a href="/wiki/AMA_Scientific_Achievement_Award" title="AMA Scientific Achievement Award">Scientific Achievement Award</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy_Distinguished_Civilian_Service_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navy Distinguished Civilian Service Medal (page does not exist)">Navy Distinguished Civilian Service Medal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Waldo_E._Smith_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldo E. Smith Medal">Waldo E. Smith Medal</a> in 1988. In 1992 he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Medal" title="Public Welfare Medal">Public Welfare Medal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>'s highest honor.<sup id="cite_ref-PublicWelfare_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PublicWelfare-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a> in 1949<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mineral <a href="/wiki/Abelsonite" title="Abelsonite">abelsonite</a> is named after Abelson in recognition of his contribution to <a href="/wiki/Organic_geochemistry" title="Organic geochemistry">organic geochemistry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Philip and Neva Abelson Hall at <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_University" title="Washington State University">Washington State University</a> was named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/AAAS_Philip_Hauge_Abelson_Prize" title="AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize">AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize</a> is named after Philip Abelson. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Abelson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The International Society of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology International Achievement Award". <i><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_Toxicology_and_Pharmacology" title="Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology">Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology</a></i>. <b>21</b> (2): 325. 1995. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Frtph.1995.1046">10.1006/rtph.1995.1046</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7644722">7644722</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=The+International+Society+of+Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology+International+Achievement+Award&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=325&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Frtph.1995.1046&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7644722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbelson1994" class="citation journal cs1">Abelson, PH (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.263.5153.1543">"Need for Enhanced Nuclear Safeguards"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>263</b> (5153): 1543. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994Sci...263.1543A">1994Sci...263.1543A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.263.5153.1543">10.1126/science.263.5153.1543</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17744766">17744766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Need+for+Enhanced+Nuclear+Safeguards&rft.volume=263&rft.issue=5153&rft.pages=1543&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17744766&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.263.5153.1543&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994Sci...263.1543A&rft.aulast=Abelson&rft.aufirst=PH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.263.5153.1543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbelson1988" class="citation journal cs1">Abelson, PH (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.239.4838.333">"Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuels in Nevada"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>239</b> (4838): 333. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Sci...239..333A">1988Sci...239..333A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.239.4838.333">10.1126/science.239.4838.333</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17836854">17836854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Storage+of+Spent+Nuclear+Fuels+in+Nevada&rft.volume=239&rft.issue=4838&rft.pages=333&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17836854&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.239.4838.333&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Sci...239..333A&rft.aulast=Abelson&rft.aufirst=PH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.239.4838.333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbelson1982" class="citation journal cs1">Abelson, PH (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.218.4571.427">"Efforts to Decrease Nuclear Tensions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>218</b> (4571): 427. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982Sci...218..427A">1982Sci...218..427A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.218.4571.427">10.1126/science.218.4571.427</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17808527">17808527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Efforts+to+Decrease+Nuclear+Tensions&rft.volume=218&rft.issue=4571&rft.pages=427&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17808527&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.218.4571.427&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982Sci...218..427A&rft.aulast=Abelson&rft.aufirst=PH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.218.4571.427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbelson1976" class="citation journal cs1">Abelson, PH (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.193.4250.279">"Glamorous Nuclear Fusion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>193</b> (4250): 279. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976Sci...193..279A">1976Sci...193..279A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.193.4250.279">10.1126/science.193.4250.279</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17745713">17745713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Glamorous+Nuclear+Fusion&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=4250&rft.pages=279&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17745713&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.193.4250.279&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1976Sci...193..279A&rft.aulast=Abelson&rft.aufirst=PH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.193.4250.279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbelson1976" class="citation journal cs1">Abelson, PH (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.191.4230.901">"A Global Rush Toward Nuclear Energy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>191</b> (4230): 901. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976Sci...191..901A">1976Sci...191..901A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.191.4230.901">10.1126/science.191.4230.901</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17792689">17792689</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=A+Global+Rush+Toward+Nuclear+Energy&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=4230&rft.pages=901&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17792689&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.191.4230.901&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1976Sci...191..901A&rft.aulast=Abelson&rft.aufirst=PH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.191.4230.901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbelson1968" class="citation journal cs1">Abelson, PH (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.161.3837.113">"Nuclear Power--Rosy Optimism and Harsh Reality"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>161</b> (3837): 113. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968Sci...161..113A">1968Sci...161..113A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.161.3837.113">10.1126/science.161.3837.113</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17770587">17770587</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Nuclear+Power--Rosy+Optimism+and+Harsh+Reality&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=3837&rft.pages=113&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17770587&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.161.3837.113&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1968Sci...161..113A&rft.aulast=Abelson&rft.aufirst=PH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.161.3837.113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbelson1966" class="citation journal cs1">Abelson, PH (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.152.3723.703">"Factors Favoring Nuclear Power"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>152</b> (3723): 703. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966Sci...152..703A">1966Sci...152..703A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.152.3723.703">10.1126/science.152.3723.703</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17797430">17797430</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Factors+Favoring+Nuclear+Power&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=3723&rft.pages=703&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17797430&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.152.3723.703&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1966Sci...152..703A&rft.aulast=Abelson&rft.aufirst=PH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.152.3723.703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbelson1964" class="citation journal cs1">Abelson, PH (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.146.3645.719">"Conventional versus Nuclear Power"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>146</b> (3645): 719. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964Sci...146..721A">1964Sci...146..721A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.146.3645.719">10.1126/science.146.3645.719</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17729992">17729992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Conventional+versus+Nuclear+Power&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=3645&rft.pages=719&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17729992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.146.3645.719&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1964Sci...146..721A&rft.aulast=Abelson&rft.aufirst=PH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.146.3645.719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Abelson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_marine_propulsion" title="Nuclear marine propulsion">Nuclear marine propulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">Submarine-launched ballistic missile</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Abelson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoiberg2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/26">"Abelson, Philip Hauge"</a></span>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/26">26–27</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8"><bdi>978-1-59339-837-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abelson%2C+Philip+Hauge&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=26-27&rft.edition=15th&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59339-837-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewencyclopaedia2009ency%2Fpage%2F26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Abelson1939" class="citation journal cs1">Philip Abelson (1939). "Cleavage of the Uranium Nucleus". <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>. <b>55</b> (4): 418. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939PhRv...55..418A">1939PhRv...55..418A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.55.418">10.1103/PhysRev.55.418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Cleavage+of+the+Uranium+Nucleus&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=418&rft.date=1939&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.55.418&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1939PhRv...55..418A&rft.au=Philip+Abelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/trecms/ADB966248">The Atomic Energy Submarine</a>", Phillip Abelson, March 28, 1946</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrl.navy.mil/Media/News/Article/2574001/nrl-history-phil-abelson-the-atomic-age/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrl.navy.mil%2FMedia%2FNews%2FArticle%2F2574001%2Fnrl-history-phil-abelson-the-atomic-age%2F">"NRL History - Phil Abelson The Atomic Age"</a>. <i>U.S. Naval Research Laboratory</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Naval+Research+Laboratory&rft.atitle=NRL+History+-+Phil+Abelson+The+Atomic+Age&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrl.navy.mil%2FMedia%2FNews%2FArticle%2F2574001%2Fnrl-history-phil-abelson-the-atomic-age%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.nrl.navy.mil%252FMedia%252FNews%252FArticle%252F2574001%252Fnrl-history-phil-abelson-the-atomic-age%252F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Underway on Nuclear Power" -- The Man Behind the Words: Eugene P. "Dennis" Wilkinson, Vice Admiral USN. The American Nuclear Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_H._Abelson1964" class="citation journal cs1">Philip H. Abelson (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.144.3617.371">"Bigotry in Science"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>144</b> (3617): 1964. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964Sci...144..371A">1964Sci...144..371A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.144.3617.371">10.1126/science.144.3617.371</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17799957">17799957</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Bigotry+in+Science&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=3617&rft.pages=1964&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17799957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.144.3617.371&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1964Sci...144..371A&rft.au=Philip+H.+Abelson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.144.3617.371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Abelson1965" class="citation journal cs1">Philip Abelson (1965). "Paleobiochemistry". <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>. <b>195</b> (1): 83–92. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1956SciAm.195a..83A">1956SciAm.195a..83A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0756-83">10.1038/scientificamerican0756-83</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Paleobiochemistry&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=83-92&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0756-83&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1956SciAm.195a..83A&rft.au=Philip+Abelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSagan1980" class="citation episode cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Sagan, Carl</a> (December 14, 1980). "Encyclopaedia Galactica". <i><a href="/wiki/Cosmos:_A_Personal_Voyage" title="Cosmos: A Personal Voyage">Cosmos: A Personal Voyage</a></i>. Episode 12. 01:24 minutes in. PBS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cosmos%3A+A+Personal+Voyage&rft.series=Episode+12&rft.date=1980-12-14&rft.aulast=Sagan&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usnews78-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usnews78_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170121065808/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/document/cia-rdp96-00791r000200230036-3">"A Stepchild of Science Starts to Win Friends"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i>. 1978-07-31. pp. 41–42. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/document/cia-rdp96-00791r000200230036-3">the original</a> on January 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-14</span></span>. <q>Philip H. Abelson, editor of the authoritative journal <i>Science,</i> agrees that parapsychological research has improved markedly, but he is dubious about the results. "These extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence," he contends.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=A+Stepchild+of+Science+Starts+to+Win+Friends&rft.pages=41-42&rft.date=1978-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Freadingroom%2Fdocument%2Fcia-rdp96-00791r000200230036-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rao, K.R., 1978, Psi: Its place in nature. Journal of Parapsychology vol 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_H._Abelson1985" class="citation book cs1">Philip H. Abelson (1985). <i>Enough of Pessimism</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87168-274-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87168-274-5"><bdi>0-87168-274-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enough+of+Pessimism&rft.pub=American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-87168-274-5&rft.au=Philip+H.+Abelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_H._Abelson1975" class="citation book cs1">Philip H. Abelson (1975). <i>Energy for Tomorrow</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-95413-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-95413-2"><bdi>0-295-95413-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Energy+for+Tomorrow&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-295-95413-2&rft.au=Philip+H.+Abelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12024&page=R7">Energy and Climate: Studies in Geophysics (1977), National Research Council, Forward</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/results.cfm?action=find">National Science Foundation - The President's National Medal of Science</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PublicWelfare-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PublicWelfare_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_pwm">"Public Welfare Award"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=APS+Fellows+archive&rft.pub=APS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aps.org%2Fprograms%2Fhonors%2Ffellowships%2Farchive-all.cfm%3Finitial%3DA%26year%3D%26unit_id%3D%26institution%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780%E2%80%932010%3A+Chapter+A&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Philip+Abelson&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DPhilip%2BAbelson%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiltonDwornikEstep-BarnesFinkelman1978" class="citation journal cs1">Milton, Charles; Dwornik, Edward J.; Estep-Barnes, Patricia A.; Finkelman, Robert B.; Pabst, Adolf; Palmer, Susan (September–October 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM63/AM63_930.pdf">"Abelsonite, Nickel Porphyrin: A New Mineral from the Green River Formation, Utah"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Mineralogist</i>. <b>63</b> (9–10): 930.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Mineralogist&rft.atitle=Abelsonite%2C+Nickel+Porphyrin%3A+A+New+Mineral+from+the+Green+River+Formation%2C+Utah&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=9%E2%80%9310&rft.pages=930&rft.date=1978-09%2F1978-10&rft.aulast=Milton&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Dwornik%2C+Edward+J.&rft.au=Estep-Barnes%2C+Patricia+A.&rft.au=Finkelman%2C+Robert+B.&rft.au=Pabst%2C+Adolf&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minsocam.org%2Fammin%2FAM63%2FAM63_930.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.wsu.edu/2002/08/23/science-hall-renamed-for-philip-neva-abelson/">"Science Hall renamed for Philip, Neva Abelson"</a>. WSU NEWS. August 23, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Science+Hall+renamed+for+Philip%2C+Neva+Abelson&rft.date=2002-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.wsu.edu%2F2002%2F08%2F23%2Fscience-hall-renamed-for-philip-neva-abelson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Abelson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2004" class="citation journal cs1">Kennedy, D (2004). "In memoriam. Philip Hauge Abelson, 1913–2004". <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>305</b> (5685): 765. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.305.5685.765">10.1126/science.305.5685.765</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15297640">15297640</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:178700248">178700248</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=In+memoriam.+Philip+Hauge+Abelson%2C+1913%E2%80%932004&rft.volume=305&rft.issue=5685&rft.pages=765&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A178700248%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15297640&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.305.5685.765&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Abelson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_H._Gibbons_(scientist)" title="John H. Gibbons (scientist)">Gibbons, JH</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1955495">"Philip Hauge Abelson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Physics_Today" title="Physics Today">Physics Today</a></i>. <b>58</b> (4): 80–81. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PhT....58d..80G">2005PhT....58d..80G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1955495">10.1063/1.1955495</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Philip+Hauge+Abelson&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=80-81&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1955495&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005PhT....58d..80G&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=JH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1063%252F1.1955495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Abelson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Abelson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Philip_Abelson" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Philip Abelson">Philip Abelson</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/oral-histories/philip-abelsons-interview-2002">2002 Video Interview with Philip Abelson by Cynthia C. Kelly</a> Voices of the Manhattan Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/oral-histories/philip-abelsons-interview">1965 Audio Interview with Philip Abelson by Stephane Groueff</a> Voices of the Manhattan Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040705061541/http://www.wws.princeton.edu/~step/people/Art.2.Submitted.pdf">History of the UNFCCC, demonstrating that in 1977 Abelson believed in a CO2-climate link</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003318/Philip-Hauge-Abelson">Encyclopædia Britannica, Philip Abelson</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060828131140/http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people%2FAbelson%2C+Philip">Annotated bibliography for Philip Abelson from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v55/i4/p418_1">"Cleavage of the Uranium Nucleus", Physical Review, Received February 3, 1939</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/28104-1">Oral History interview transcript with Philip Abelson 19 June 2002, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/28104-2">Oral History interview transcript with Philip Abelson 26 June 2002, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/28104-3">Oral History interview transcript with Philip Abelson 2 July 2002, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Abelson, Philip H."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/AQ1V000107">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35660706">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Abelson, Philip Hauge"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=uk20211115598&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1096774">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068026528">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007257316805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14141090">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00041085?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:abelson.philip">zbMATH</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1031033">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/073976164">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qd0sx3">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k724qb">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved 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